accumulationn.
/əˌkjuːmjᵿˈleɪʃn/, U.S. /əˌkjum(j)əˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ 1. An accumulated mass; a heap, amount, or quantity formed by successive additions.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > mass formed by collection of particles > an accumulation
accumulation1490
amass1567
compile1595
compilement1655
collection1697
lodgement1739
cumulation1892
pile-up1937
1490 W. Caxton tr. Boke yf Eneydos xv. sig. Eij He was therof vtterly dysplaysed, wherby agrete acumulacyon of yre and wrathe he begate wythin the roote of hys herte.
1632 R. Brome Northern Lasse v. ii. sig. K3 All the accumulations of honour showre downe vpon you.
1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 6 This great Accumulation of Fortune, being transposed unto the Austrian Family..augmented their Power.
1712 G. Smalridge Serm. preach'd at St. James's (octavo ed.) 7 Those who make this Use of his deferring..have no reason to complain, because they will receive it at last with an ample Accumulation of Interest.
a1795 J. Boswell Life Johnson (1799) anno 1760 II. 370 [Johnson:] You [sc. Dr. Burney] are an honest man, to have formed so great an accumulation of knowledge.
1843 T. Carlyle Past & Present iii. xiii. 296 The Ant lays up accumulation of capital.
1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. 656 The nickname evidently alludes to his great accumulations of property.
1919 L. H. Morrison Oil Engines xxiv. 425 The discharge pipe..must be provided with a riser.., in order to prevent any air pockets and to allow all accumulations of steam or water vapor to escape.
1975 A. L. McAlester & E. A. Hay Physical Geol. x. 330 Intermittent playa lakes are formed by infrequent downpours and quickly dry up, leaving an accumulation of evaporites.
2010 Guardian 6 Jan. 18/1 Vito Franco..noted a so-called xanthelasma—a subcutaneous accumulation of cholesterol—in the hollow of the Mona Lisa's left eye.
2.
a. The action or process of accumulating; heaping up, amassing; (hence) steady growth.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > [noun] > composite collectiveness > accumulation
aggregation?a1425
accumulation1490
accumulating?1550
congestion1593
compilation1598
accruement1609
cumulation1616
amassing1618
amassment1652
the mind > possession > supply > storage > [noun] > collecting and storing
accumulationa1613
amassing1618
garnering1872
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > [noun] > composite collectiveness > accumulation > heaping or piling up > fact of growing into a heap
accumulationc1854
1490 W. Caxton tr. Boke yf Eneydos xviii. sig. Evv Merueyllouse sorowe, wherof her herte was surprysed in gret accumylacyon of extreme dysplaysur.
a1513 J. Irland Meroure of Wyssdome (1926) I. 12 Accumilacioun of honoris.
1546 S. Gardiner Detection Deuils Sophistrie f. cxxxxii I wyll not encrease my boke with accumulation of places, to conferme the commendation of praier.
a1613 E. Brerewood Enq. Langs. & Relig. (1614) xiii. 112 That gathering of waters and discouerie of the Earth, was made, not by any mutation in the Earth, but by a violent accumulation of the waters, or heaping them vp on high.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iii. i. 19 His Lieutenant, For quicke accumulation of renowne, Which he atchiu'd by'th'minute, lost his fauour.
1651 Bp. J. Taylor XXVIII Serm. iii. 41 The son may inherit his fathers wickednesse by imitation and direct practise, and then the curse is like to come to purpose; a curse by accumulation, a treasure of wrath.
1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 147. ⁋1 Little things grow by continual accumulation.
1786 T. Baldwin Airopaidia vii. 49 The Objects..were indistinct, either on Account of their immense Distance, or by mere Accumulation of Vapours, and mixed with Haze and Cloudiness.
c1854 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine (1858) iii. 172 The accumulation of ruins and rubbish from above must have raised its ancient level.
1875 J. W. Dawson Life's Dawn on Earth vi. 134 The Rhizopods were important agents in the accumulation of beds of limestone.
1921 Proc. 41st Ann. Meeting Soc. Promotion Agric. Sci., 1920 (U.S.) 117 The soil scientist must be concerned primarily with the accumulation or assimilation of knowledge concerning the soil.
1967 J. Blish Star Trek 100 Aging is primarily the accumulation in the body of cells whose normal functions have been partly damaged by mutations.
2007 A. Theroux Laura Warholic xxv. 365 Her thoughts came..by accumulation, an odd gallimaufry of semi-related thoughts and afterthoughts.
b. Geology. The growth of a mountain by the accretion of material on its exterior, typically as a result of volcanic activity. Esp. in mountain of accumulation: a mountain which has grown by this process.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > mountain > [noun] > type of
iron mountain1658
jokul1780
table mountain1822
mountain of accumulation1864
voel1876
nunatak1877
monadnock1893
block mountain1896
fold mountain1908
hen-cackle1934
1864 D. Page Introd. Text-bk. Physical Geogr. vi. 74 Whatever may give the initial direction to a mountain-range, its subsequent increase is ever more a matter of accumulation than of upheaval.
1886 Sc. Geogr. Mag. 2 150 Mountains of Accumulation.—Volcanoes may be taken as the type of this class of mountains.
1939 E. D. Laborde tr. E. de Martonne Shorter Physical Geogr. (rev. ed.) x. 147 Two processes must be considered, viz., the process of denudation and the process of accumulation.
1969 B. Tufty 1001 Questions Nat. Land Disasters 78 The accumulation of this volcanic debris..combines with fluid lava flows to build up the volcanic cone.
2010 E. Thorpe & S. Thorpe Pearson Gen. Knowl. Man. a27/2 Mt Fujiyama in Japan, Mt Vesuvius in Italy..are examples of volcanic mountains. They are also called mountains of accumulation.
3. The action of accumulating wealth or possessions; the growth of a sum of money or capital, esp. by the continuous addition of interest.primitive, primitive socialist accumulation: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > getting or making money > [noun] > growth of money by interest
accumulationa1661
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Norfolk 258 Unto whose atchievements fell in both the blood and inheritance of his eldest brother for want of Issue Male. By which accumulation he attained great wealth.
1683 J. Dalrymple Decisions Lords of Council & Session I. 593 The Annual of that Annual might bear Annual, and so perpetually multiply; and if this were Sustained, there would never be a Bond hereafter in other Terms. It was answered, that Bonds of Corroboration, stating Annualrents into Principals by Accumulation, have ever been allowed.
1714 W. Nelson Lex Testamentaria 139 The Three Children shall have an equal Share of the 300 l. and shall each of them have 200 l. by way of accumulation.
1794 D. Wilkie Theory of Interest vi. 99 It is required, to find the time in which a sinking fund of L. 4, without accumulation, will reduce the debt to the same state in which it was anno 1755.
1828 Ld. Grenville Sinking Fund 9 The principle of unlimited accumulation was expressly excluded from that law, by a provision which limited to four millions the sinking fund then established.
1875 P. G. Hamerton Intellect. Life (ed. 2) v. ii. 185 There are a hundred rules for getting rich, but the instinct of accumulation is worth all such rules put together.
1918 Jrnl. Educ. (Univ. of Boston School of Educ.) 28 Nov. 537/1 The war has impressed that the ‘love of money’, the greed to accumulate for the sake of accumulation, is an evil.
1973 New Scientist 6 Dec. 716/3 The figures quoted above are not based on any get-rich-quick scheme. They are what could be achieved by accumulation (with interest at 5 per cent per annum after tax) of 10 per cent of an average scientist's salary.
2000 M. Dalphinis in C. Newland & K. Sesay IC3 57 Often, the historical accumulation of initial capital for business through the slave trade and colonialism is forgotten.
4. Oxford University. The practice of taking higher and lower degrees together or at a shorter interval than usual, and with the work done for the lower degree counting towards the higher.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > educational administration > university administration > taking degree or graduation > [noun] > taking more than one degree
accumulating1630
cumulation1637
accumulation1692
1692 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses II. 279 He..had a benefice in Lincolnshire which he kept for a time, and in 1633 took the degree of Bach. of Div. by accumulation, being then much in esteem with the poetical Wits of that time.
1714 J. Ayliffe Antient & Present State Univ. Oxf. II. iii. i. 157 If there be any Students..having applied themselves to the Study of Divinity for 15 or 16 Years, to be reckon'd from the Time of their Regency, at 30 Miles Distance from the University..they may take their further Degrees by Accumulation.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) Accumulation of degrees, in an university, is used for the taking of several degrees together, and with fewer exercises, or nearer to each other, than the ordinary rules allow of.
1850 W. F. Hook Eccles. Biogr. VI. 452 About this time he took his D.D. degree by accumulation.
1893 C. F. A. Williams Short Hist. Acct. Degrees in Music ix. 78 The Convocation conferred on Heather..the degrees of Bachelor and Doctor of Music. This is the first recorded instance of ‘accumulation’ of the two degrees.
1932 Times 26 Oct. 14/2 He had not acquired the necessary seniority of 15 years as M.A. to take the degree by accumulation.
1972 Oxf. Univ. Gaz. 8 June 1078/1 Leave..to supplicate for the Degrees of Bachelor of Civil Law and Doctor of Civil Law by accumulation.
2009 Univ. Oxf. Exam. Regulations, 2009–10 xx. §7 923 (heading) Admission to the Degrees of Bachelor of Civil Law and Doctor of Civil Law by Accumulation.
5. Christian Church. The practice of saying several offices together rather than at various points throughout the day. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > observance, ritual > [noun] > joining of services
accumulation1855
1855 Christian Remembrancer Oct. 489 We have..ourselves been present when the shorter offices were said by accumulation, at S. Geneviève in Paris.
1898 Dublin Rev. July 58 By this time offices were said by way of accumulation.
1910 S. Hart Bk. Common Prayer iii. 64 The whole number could never have been customarily attended by men and women outside of the communities, and even the monks and the clergy soon began to say the services one after another ‘by accumulation’.
Compounds
accumulation mountain n. Geology = mountain of accumulation at sense 2b.
ΚΠ
1898 J. Geikie Earth Sculpt. xvi. 272 Some of these have been piled or heaped up at the surface—they have grown into heights by gradual accumulation, and may therefore be termed accumulation-mountains.
1968 M. S. Mani Ecol. & Biogeogr. High Altitude Insects i. 2 The tectonic mountains are of two major groups: i. the accumulation mountains and ii. the deformation mountains.
1995 P. Warshall in L. F. DeBano et al. Biodiversity & Managem. Madrean Archipel. 13/2 (table) Accumulation mountains (flood basalts, volcanics).
accumulation point n. Mathematics = limit point n. at limit n. Compounds.
ΚΠ
1904 O. Bolza Lect. Calculus Variations 265 Suppose u had an infinitude of zeros in (a b); then there would exist in (a b) at least one accumulation point.
1978 Jrnl. Optimization Theory & Applic. 26 502 All the accumulation points constructed by the new algorithm satisfy second-order necessary conditions of optimality.
2006 M. F. Barnsley Superfractals i. 50 Let X be a topological space. Then X is said to be perfect if it is equal to the set of its accumulation points.
accumulation unit n. Finance a unit in an investment trust or unit trust in which dividends are reinvested in the trust, enabling the value of the unit to increase.
ΚΠ
1952 Jrnl. Finance 7 291 The Equities Fund will convert the participant's total number of Accumulation Units into a life annuity expressed in numbers of Annuity Units, instead of dollars.
1961 Economist 30 Sept. 1291/3 For those trusts whose income has to be reinvested..there will be special ‘accumulation units’ in which all the income will be ploughed back; these may be converted at any time into the ordinary ‘income units’.
2002 Which? Tax Saving Guide 10/2 If you receive income from unit trusts or Oeics, you may have what's called accumulation units or shares.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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