sheafn.¹

Brit.

/ʃiːf/, U.S.

/ʃif/

Forms: α. Old English scéaf, Middle English shef, schef, scheef, Middle English–1500s shefe, sheef, Middle English sheeffe, ( chyfe), Middle English–1500s schefe, scheff(e, sheff, Middle English–1600s sheffe, 1500s sheaffe, schiefe, Scottish scheiff, ( teind-)cheif, 1500s–1600s sheafe, 1600s sheave, sheive, 1700s Scottish sheaff, 1500s– sheaf. plural Old English scéafas, ( scéabas, scébas), Middle English sheve, (Orm.) shæfess, Middle English schewes, ( szevis, cheves), Middle English schefes, Middle English–1500s scheves, schevis, schevys, sheves, shevis, shevys, Middle English shefys, shef(f)s, Middle English–1600s sheeves, 1500s sheffes, sheiffes, sheafes, 1600s sheaffes, shefes, 1500s– sheaves, 1600s– sheafs. β. chiefly northern and ScottishMiddle English schaf, ( shafth), Middle English shafe, Middle English schafe, schaffe, Middle English–1500s shaffe, shayff, 1500s schaif, schayffe, Middle English shave, 1800s shaf(f. plural Middle English scaves, schaffes, Middle English schaves, Middle English schaiffis, shaffis, Middle English–1500s schawis, 1500s shayffs, 1600s schavis, schawes, shaves. γ. Middle English schof(e, schoof, 1800s dialect shoaf, shofe, shoof. plural Middle English schovys, 1800s dialect shoves, shoofs, etc.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Common Germanic (wanting in Gothic): Old English scéaf (masculine) = North Frisian skôf , West Frisian skeaf , Old Saxon skôf ? sheaf (Gallée), Middle Low German, Middle Dutch schôf (modern Dutch schoof (feminine), sheaf), Old High German scoub sheaf, bundle or wisp of straw (Middle High German schoup , modern German schaub (masculine), also schaube (feminine), wisp of straw), Old Norse skauf neuter, fox's brush < Germanic *skauƀo- , apparently < the root *skauƀ- : skeuƀ-: skuƀ-: see shove v.¹ From the weak grade of the root are Old High German scob, Middle High German schop, modern German dialect schob (masculine), schobe (feminine), bundle, Old High German scobar, Middle High German, modern German schober (masculine), heap of hay, corn, etc. With the β forms compare chap(-man) beside cheap, Old English céap. The γ forms are difficult to account for. They may represent an ablaut variant (Old English *scofa or *scofe), or they may be due to the influence of continental Low German or Dutch; another possible explanation is that locally the original falling diphthong éa may have undergone change of stress; but none of these conjectures is quite satisfactory.

a. One of the large bundles in which it is usual to bind cereal plants after reaping. Also, a similar bundle of the stalks or blooms of other plants.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > bundle

sheafc725

handfulOE

truss12..

knitch13..

binding1388

bundle1398

faggot1447

bond1483

flaggat1487

bend-fulc1500

litch1538

thrave1606

fascicle1622

fawda1642

nitch1726

fascine1793

fasciculus1816

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > [noun] > corn in sheaves > sheaf

sheafc725

reapeOE

yelmc1000

garbc1460

wheat-sheafc1530

gerbe1807

α.

c725 Corpus Gloss. (Hessels) G 15 Garbas, sceabas.

c1000 Ælfric Genesis xxxvii. 7 Me þuhte, þæt we bundon sceafas on æcere and þæt min sceaf arise and stode uprihte omiddan eowrum sceafum.

c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 216 Rudan sceafas þry gedo on wine croccan.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1481 Þu þresshest tine shæfess. & siþþenn winndwesst tu þin corn.

a1250 Owl & Nightingale 455 Hwanne mon howieþ of his sheue.

1480 W. Worcester Itineraries 290 Et populi portant anglice shevys de reede segge ad luminandam aulam.

1485–6 in Hist. MSS Comm.: 10th Rep.: App. Pt. V: MSS Marquis of Ormonde &c. (1885) 291 in Parl. Papers (C. 4576-I) XLII. 1 Clane whete as it cometh from the shefe.

1553 Cal. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1889) 433 Brynyng with every pecke two shevis of fyrris.

1621 F. Quarles Hadassa Introd. B 2 Here lies a new-falne ranke, and there a sheaue.

1717 G. Berkeley Jrnls. Trav. Italy 24 May in Wks. (1955) VII. 278 Along the shore, no strand but flat rocks, corn reaped & standing in sheaves.

1797 T. Holcroft tr. F. L. Stolberg Trav. (ed. 2) III. lxxxi. 290 We..saw barley in sheaf.

1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm III. 1053 By practice, he can ascertain by the eye whether sheaves are of the proper size, which is 1 foot of diameter across the band.

1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 317 It is usual for landlords to pay for the drawing of the reed by the hundred sheaves.

1862 Miall Title-deeds Church Eng. 39 (note) Beans were usually tithed in the sheaf or shock.

β. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4061 Hijs breþer schaues [Gött. scheuis, Fairf. sheuys] he sagh lutand Til his allan þat was standand.14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 725/40 Hec garba, a schaffe.1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid iv. Prol. 14 Of vickit grane quhow sall gud schaif be schorn?1532–3 in J. Raine Durham Househ. Bk. (1844) 166 Item 1 stuk et 16 shayffs ordii.1565 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 384 Cum..10 garbis vulgo schawis straminum.c1639 W. Mure Psalmes cxxvi, in Wks. (1898) II. 198 Charg'd with shaves.γ. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 444/2 Scheffe, or scheef (S. schefe or schofe, K. schof), garba, gelima.c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 447/2 Schoof or scheef.c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 447/2 Schokkyn schovys, tasso, congelimo.1788 W. Marshall Rural Econ. Yorks. II. 35 In these ‘reaps’,—shoves or open sheaves,—it [sc. rape] lies until..the ripest is ready to open its pods.1865 W. White Eastern Eng. I. vii. 101 Then we has to lay 'em [the reeds] straight, and tie 'em up into shoofs.1879 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. Shoves.Proverbs.c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame 2140 For alle mote oute, other late or rathe, Alle the sheves in the lathe.c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 2579 The whiche child of hire natyuyte To alle thewis goode I-born was she, As likede to the goddis er she was born, That of the shef she shal be the corn.1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. iv. sig. Giv She will tourne the leafe. And rather..take as falth in the sheafe.

†b. tenth, ninth, third, etc. sheaf: a specified proportionate part of the annual crop paid to the lord or to the church. Also (in the s.w. counties) the sheaf = the tenth sheaf, tithe of grain. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > fixed proportion dues or taxes > [noun] > of crop

tenth, ninth, third, etc. sheaf1387

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > fixed proportion dues or taxes > [noun] > tithe > consisting of produce, stock, or animals

tenth sheaf1387

predial1530

predial tithe1530

whitage1537

tithe pig1555

garb tithea1640

flax-tithe1692

1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VIII. 335 And þe nynþe scheef [v.r. schef] everich glebe of Engelond he ordeyned for his owne iourneys.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6807 Giue gladli tend And þin offrand, þe formast scaues of your corn.

c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 24 Alle þo þat ȝeuyn þe tythe scheef to þe reperys for here hyre,..& ȝeuyn þe xj. scheef for þe tythe.

c1450 Godstow Reg. 351 The churche of wygynton takyth all shevis, and halfe of all oþer tythys.

c1460 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (1885) xii. 140 When the reaume gaff to thair kyng..the ix^th fflese off thair wolles, and also the ix^th shefe off þer graynes.

1472 in Rental Bk. Cupar-Angus (1879) I. 162 Wilȝam sal pay ȝerly for the teynd schafe of standand teyndis..20 bollis of vitale.

a1555 D. Lindsay Tragedie in Dialog Experience & Courteour (1559) sig. Svj^v Ȝe wyll not want, teind cheif, nor offrandis.

a1640 T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon (1811) (modernized text) §309 318 The shefe of this place, Walter Stapledon gave to the hospital.

1641 Will of T. Isaacs (Somerset Ho.) Whereas the sheaf of sherverton belongs to me.

a1687 W. Petty Polit. Arithm. (1691) i. 34 If the Rent of the Land..be the third Sheaf.

17.. in J. Hammond Cornish Parish (1897) 81 The proprietors of the Sheaf [—that is, of the Rectorial tithes—were abated 13s. 4d.].

c. figurative in various obvious uses. Also †to put on the sheaf, to crown the feast, add the finishing touch (Scottish).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > completing > complete or conclude action [verb (intransitive)] > add the finishing touch

finish1551

to put on the sheaf1718

1600 in Songs & Poems Costume (Percy Soc.) 102 Of others take a sheafe, of mee a graine.

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iv. xii. 327 In the Knowledge of Bodies, we must be content to glean what we can from particular Experiments, since we cannot from a Discovery of their real Essences, grasp at a time whole Sheaves; and in bundles, comprehend the Nature and Properties of whole Species together.

1718 A. Ramsay Christ's-kirk on Green ii. 21 A Kebbuck syn..pat on the Sheaf.

1825 T. B. Macaulay Milton in Edinb. Rev. Aug. 311 Yet the harvest is so abundant that the negligent search of a straggling gleaner may be rewarded with a sheaf.

1885 R. Buchanan Annan Water xvi Marriage with a holy man is a sheaf of blessing.

d. Applied to a cluster of flowers, leaves, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > plants collectively > [noun] > tuft, clump, or cluster of plants

hassockc1450

tuft?1523

tusk1530

tush1570

hill1572

dollop1573

clumpa1586

rush1593

trail1597

tussock1607

wreath1610

stool1712

tump1802

sheaf1845

massif1888

1845 R. Browning Home Thoughts from Abroad i, in Bells & Pomegranates No. VII: Dramatic Romances & Lyrics 8/2 The lowest boughs and the brush-wood sheaf Round the elm-tree bole are in tiny leaf.

1882 Garden 1 July 12/1 The plant shown bore quite a sheaf of large blooms.

e. A cluster of jets of fire or water darting up together. (Cf. French gerbe.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > fire or flame > [noun] > flame or blaze > cluster of jets of flame

sheaf1811

the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of squirting or issuing in a jet > [noun] > a jet > a cluster of water jets

sheaf1857

1811 J. Pinkerton Petralogy II. 535 A thousand sheaves of fire blew up into the air, where, breaking and dispersing, they fell like a shower of stars.

1857 Ld. Dufferin Lett. from High Latitudes 125 A shining liquid column, or rather a sheaf of columns wreathed in robes of vapour, sprung into the air.

†a. A bundle of iron or steel containing a definite number of gads (see quots. 1577, 1597). [Compare medieval Latin garba, a bundle of 30 pieces of steel; also Middle High German ein schoup îsens.]

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [noun] > cast metal > in form of pigs > pig, ingot, or bar > quantity of

sheaf1309

1309–10 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 7 In 3 schaffes aceris emp., 12d.

1377–8 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 387 In uno shafth calibis pro reparacione securium, 8d.

1495 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 150 Payed..for ij Sheffs of Stelle price the Sheff vij^d.

1515–16 J. Raine Fabric Rolls York Minster (1859) 96 iiij sheiffes de calabe.

1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. iii. xviii. f. 116^v/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I Our steele..is not so good for edge toole as that of Cullen, and yet the one is often solde for the other, and lyke tale vsed in both, that is to say thirtie gaddes to the shiefe [1587 sheffe] and sixe shiefes [twelue sheffes] to the burden.

1597 J. Skene De Verborum Significatione at Schaffa Ane schiefe of irone containes sexteene gades, ane schiefe of steile containes fourteene gades.

†b. ? A certain quantity of timber. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > lumbering > [noun] > quantity of timber

sheaf1534

turn1792

cunit1953

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > [noun] > building wood > measure or quantity of

rood1391

sheaf1534

straik1542

fathom1577

standard1811

1534 in F. W. Weaver Wells Wills (1890) 5 Rych. my son v shefe of tymbre.

†c. A certain number of plates of glass. Obsolete. [Compare Low German schoff, a bundle of six plates of glass (Schiller & Lübben, at schôf.]

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > glass and glass-like materials > [noun] > glass > measure or quantity of

sheaf1402

wisp1470

way1558

web1558

crib1688

crate1823

1402–3 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 394 7s. 8d. pro j pare de lyas et j shafe vitri venditis.

1404 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 397 Item de novo vitro colorato 2 scheff.

1476–7 in J. Raine Auckland Castle (1852) 54 [For 20] shefs [of new glass for repairing the windows of the manor-house, 13s. 4d.].

1482–3 in J. Raine Charters Priory Finchale (1837) p. ccclx Pro ix shaffis vitri.

1487 in J. Nichols Illustr. Antient Times Eng. (1797) 83 Paide for a shefe of glass 8^d.

1488–9 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 99 Pro 5 shaff' vitri empt., 3s. 4d.

1532–3 in J. Raine Durham Househ. Bk. (1844) 170 Et in 8 shayff brymmys glasse emptis.

3. A bundle or quiverful of 24 arrows.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > arrow > [noun] > collectively

sheaf1318

tacklec1400

flash?a1505

1318 Act Robt. I c. xxvii Unum bonum arcum cum uno schapho sagittarum.

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. iii. 324 Half a shef of arwes.

c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 104 A sheef of Pecok arwes bright and keene Vnder his belt he bar ful thriftily.

1475 Rental Bk. Cupar-Angus (1879) I. 200 Bowis and schawis.

1502 in N. H. Nicolas Privy Purse Expenses Elizabeth of York (1830) 58 For a sheffe and an half of brode arrowes at ij d. the arrowe vj s. and for a sheef of brode heddes at ij d. the hedde iiij s.

1519 in Gentleman's Mag. (1864) Apr. 501/1 A boue & a shaffe of arrows, ij^s.

1590 J. Smythe Certain Disc. Weapons 20 b To drawe their arrowes out of their cases and sheafes.

1643 R. Baker Chron. Kings of Eng. ii. 94 The Northern men..plyed their bowes, till all their sheaves were empty.

1825 W. Scott Betrothed ix, in Tales Crusaders I. 168 The soldiers..discharged several sheafs of arrows upon such fugitives, as..approached too near the castle.

figurative.1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xx. 224 [They] shoten aȝein with shotte many a shef of othes, And brode hoked arwes, goddes herte & his nayles.

4. A representation of a sheaf (of corn, arrows, etc.). (In Heraldry the sheaf of corn is called garb n.¹)

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > other heraldic representations > [noun] > other miscellaneous representations

sheafc1420

Catherine wheel1584

sceptre1610

icicle1796

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > [noun] > an artistic representation > others

quathriganc1175

starc1384

yoke1415

sheafc1420

arrow1548

thunder-dart1569

memento mori1598

quadriga1600

Triton1601

anchor1621

chimera1634

forest-work1647

Bacchanaliaa1680

Bacchanal1753

subject1781

harp1785

mask1790

arrowhead1808

gorgoneion1842

Amazonomachia1845

Amazonomachy1893

mythograph1893

physicomorph1895

horns of consecration1901

double image1939

motion study1977

c1420 J. Lydgate Assembly of Gods 291 Ceres..in a garment Of sak clothe..Embrowderyd with sheues and sykelys bent.

1650 tr. J. Donne To Mr. George Herbert in Poems (rev. ed.) 379 A Sheafe of Snakes used heretofore to be My Seal, The Crest of our poore Family.

1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel iv. viii. 100 And hence, in fair remembrance worn, Yon sheaf of spears his crest has borne.

1869 J. E. Cussans Handbk. Heraldry (rev. ed.) vii. 101 A bundle of Arrows bound together in the centre is termed a Sheaf, and consists of three: one in pale, and two in saltire.

5. gen.

a. A cluster or bundle of things tied up together; a quantity of things set thick together.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > bundle > large or loose

sheafa1728

wodge1847

a1728 J. Woodward Attempt Nat. Hist. Fossils Eng. (1729) i. 78 A Mineral..composed of several Sheafs of grey Filaments.

1855 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes II. x. 100 A great palette, and a sheaf of painting-brushes.

1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola II. ii. 14 The sheaves of banners were unfurled at the angles of the Baptistery.

1888 M. E. Braddon Fatal Three I. v. 98 He took a sheaf of telegraph-forms from the stand in front of him.

b. Emphatically in plural: A large number, mass, or quantity.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > (a) great quantity or amount

felec825

muchc1230

good wone1297

plentyc1300

bushelc1374

sight1390

mickle-whata1393

forcea1400

manynessa1400

multitudea1400

packc1400

a good dealc1430

greata1450

sackful1484

power1489

horseloadc1500

mile1508

lump1523

a deal?1532

peckc1535

heapa1547

mass1566

mass1569

gallon1575

armful1579

cart-load1587

mickle1599

bushelful1600–12

a load1609

wreck1612

parisha1616

herd1618

fair share1650

heapa1661

muchness1674

reams1681

hantle1693

mort1694

doll?1719

lift1755

acre1759

beaucoup1760

ton1770

boxload1795

boatload1807

lot1811

dollop1819

swag1819

faggald1824

screed1826

Niagara1828

wad1828

lashings1829

butt1831

slew1839

ocean1840

any amount (of)1848

rake1851

slather1857

horde1860

torrent1864

sheaf1865

oodlesa1867

dead load1869

scad1869

stack1870

jorum1872

a heap sight1874

firlot1883

oodlings1886

chunka1889

whips1888

God's quantity1895

streetful1901

bag1917

fid1920

fleetful1923

mob1927

bucketload1930

pisspot1944

shitload1954

megaton1957

mob-o-ton1975

gazillion1978

buttload1988

shit ton1991

the world > relative properties > number > plurality > great number, numerousness > [noun] > a large number or multitude

sandc825

thousandc1000

un-i-rimeOE

legiona1325

fernc1325

multitudec1350

hundred1362

abundancec1384

quantityc1390

sight1390

felec1394

manyheada1400

lastc1405

sortc1475

infinityc1480

multiplie1488

numbers1488

power1489

many1525

flock1535

heapa1547

multitudine1547

sort1548

myriads1555

myriads1559

infinite1563

tot-quot1565

dickera1586

multiplea1595

troop1596

multitudes1598

myriad1611

sea-sands1656

plurality1657

a vast many1695

dozen1734

a good few1756

nation1762

vast1793

a wheen (of)1814

swad1828

lot1833

tribe1833

slew1839

such a many1841

right smart1842

a million and one1856

horde1860

a good several1865

sheaf1865

a (bad, good, etc.) sortc1869

immense1872

dunnamuch1875

telephone number1880

umpty1905

dunnamany1906

skit1913

umpteen1919

zillion1922

gang1928

scrillion1935

jillion1942

900 number1977

gazillion1978

fuckload1984

1865 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia VI. xx. vi. 150 He has sheaves of Letters daily.

1888 W. E. Henley Bk. Verses 123 It falls, in very sheaves, The weary, dreary rain.

a. Physics and Mathematics. A bundle of rays, lines, etc. all passing through a given point.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > line > [noun] > set or system of

peacock's tail1570

harmonicala1746

pencil1840

harmonic pencil1862

sheaf1863

congruency1864

linkage1874

congruence1879

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > [noun] > rays or waves > set of

pencil1665

optic pencil1704

cone of rays1706

sheaf1863

wave group1923

1863 J. Tyndall Heat ix. §359. 302 A sheaf of calorific rays.

1885 C. Leudesdorf tr. L. Cremona Elements Projective Geom. 22 A sheaf (sheaf of planes, sheaf of lines) is a figure made up of planes or straight lines, all of which pass through a given point (the centre of the sheaf).

1890 T. H. Eagles Descriptive Geom. 303 Sheafs of rays which in the case of a source of light..form a cone of which that source is the vortex.

b. Mathematics. A topological space each point of which is associated with a structure having all the properties of an Abelian group (e.g. a vector space or a ring) in such a way that there is an isomorphism between the structures on neighbouring points. [The sense is due to J. Leray, who used French faisceau ( Jrnl. de Math. (1950) XXIX. 5).]

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > geometric space > [noun] > topological

manifoldness1873

manifold1878

submanifold1898

function space1912

topological space1913

sheaf1955

1955 Ann. Math. 62 56 The French word ‘faisceau’ has been translated into English as ‘sheaf’ or ‘stack’. In this paper we use the word ‘stack’, since ‘sheaf’ has been used before in mathematics.

1958 R. G. Swan Theory of Sheaves 1 Sheaves are very useful in proving theorems.

1973 R. O. Wells Differential Anal. Complex Manifolds ii. 43 A sheaf..on a space X is a carrier of localized information about the space.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

sheaf-like adj.

ΚΠ

1880–1 W. Saville-Kent Man. Infusoria I. 249 A sheaf-like fascicle of rod-like trichocysts.

C2.

† sheaf-arrow n. Obsolete an arrow of the kind which was carried in a sheaf (see 3) for warfare.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > arrow > [noun] > war arrow

sheaf-arrow1474

1474 in T. Rymer Fœdera (1710) XI. 838 Sagittas vocatas Shefe Arowes.

1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus ii. f. 13^v As concerning sheaffe Arrouse for war.

1627 M. Drayton Battaile Agincourt 20 A French man back into the Towne doth fall, With a sheafe Arrow shot into the head.

sheaf-binder n. one who binds sheaves, a machine which does this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > harvesting equipment > [noun] > binder

binder1857

sheaf-binder1866

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > [noun] > corn in sheaves > binder or band-maker

binder?1611

outliggera1642

bandstera1794

sheaf-binder1866

roller1892

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > [noun] > corn in sheaves > binder or band-maker > binding machine

sheaf-binder1866

1866 J. S. Blackie Homer & Iliad I. 163 Sowers and reapers and sheaf-binders.

1880 Daily News 10 Dec. 2/4 For many years, the only description of sheaf-binder which was found to work was one which tied with wire.

sheaf catalogue n. Librarianship (see quot. 1976).

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > book > book list > [noun] > list of books in library or libraries > types of library list or catalogue

curating book1697

card catalogue1853

title catalogue1875

form-catalogue1876

shelf-catalogue1882

sheaf catalogue1902

shelf-list1910

1902 Library World V. 129 Some librarians I know..are hesitating in their adoption of a ms. catalogue between the card and a new rival—the sheaf catalogue.

1913 J. H. Quinn Library Cataloguing iv. 33 The book-form of catalogues with separate leaves, known as ‘sheaf-catalogues’.

1976 Gloss. Documentation Terms (B.S.I.) 60 Sheaf catalogue, a catalogue recorded on slips of paper of uniform size filed in loose-leaf binders.

sheaf-corn n. corn in sheaves.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > [noun] > corn in sheaves

singlet1776

sheaf-corn1785

sheafage1885

1785 W. Marshall Minutes in Rural Econ. Midland Counties (1790) II. 167 Sheaf corn lies straighter in the cutting box.

† sheaf-iron n. Obsolete ? iron in sheaves or bundles of rods.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > iron > [noun] > type of iron > other forms of iron

faggot ironc1503

sheaf-iron1572

merchant's irona1650

use1783

merchant iron1784

strap iron1833

angle1834

strip1887

1572 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 364 iiij houndreth lb of sheff yron j¹ xij^s.

sheaf oats n. U.S. (now rare) oats bound in sheaves.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > [noun] > sheaf or bundle of other crops

glean1664

sheaf oats1765

1765 G. Croghan Jrnl. 10 June in R. G. Thwaites Early Western Travels (1904) I. ii. 140 The young reeds being preferable to sheaf oats.

1867 Rep. Iowa Agric. Soc. (1868) 126 In the Winter they generally have an open shed with sheaf oats or nubbins of corn.

1894 Outing 24 337/1 Ten minutes later the horses were quietly eating their corn and sheaf oats.

sheaf-ripe adj. poetic ripe for harvest.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [adjective] > ripe

ripeOE

murea1500

sheaf-ripe1879

1879 R. Browning Ned Bratts 109 Corn stood sheaf-ripe already.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	sheaf
释义	sheafn.¹ Brit. /ʃiːf/, U.S. /ʃif/ Forms: α. Old English scéaf, Middle English shef, schef, scheef, Middle English–1500s shefe, sheef, Middle English sheeffe, ( chyfe), Middle English–1500s schefe, scheff(e, sheff, Middle English–1600s sheffe, 1500s sheaffe, schiefe, Scottish scheiff, ( teind-)cheif, 1500s–1600s sheafe, 1600s sheave, sheive, 1700s Scottish sheaff, 1500s– sheaf. plural Old English scéafas, ( scéabas, scébas), Middle English sheve, (Orm.) shæfess, Middle English schewes, ( szevis, cheves), Middle English schefes, Middle English–1500s scheves, schevis, schevys, sheves, shevis, shevys, Middle English shefys, shef(f)s, Middle English–1600s sheeves, 1500s sheffes, sheiffes, sheafes, 1600s sheaffes, shefes, 1500s– sheaves, 1600s– sheafs. β. chiefly northern and ScottishMiddle English schaf, ( shafth), Middle English shafe, Middle English schafe, schaffe, Middle English–1500s shaffe, shayff, 1500s schaif, schayffe, Middle English shave, 1800s shaf(f. plural Middle English scaves, schaffes, Middle English schaves, Middle English schaiffis, shaffis, Middle English–1500s schawis, 1500s shayffs, 1600s schavis, schawes, shaves. γ. Middle English schof(e, schoof, 1800s dialect shoaf, shofe, shoof. plural Middle English schovys, 1800s dialect shoves, shoofs, etc. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Common Germanic (wanting in Gothic): Old English scéaf (masculine) = North Frisian skôf , West Frisian skeaf , Old Saxon skôf ? sheaf (Gallée), Middle Low German, Middle Dutch schôf (modern Dutch schoof (feminine), sheaf), Old High German scoub sheaf, bundle or wisp of straw (Middle High German schoup , modern German schaub (masculine), also schaube (feminine), wisp of straw), Old Norse skauf neuter, fox's brush < Germanic skauƀo- , apparently < the root skauƀ- : skeuƀ-: skuƀ-: see shove v.¹ From the weak grade of the root are Old High German scob, Middle High German schop, modern German dialect schob (masculine), schobe (feminine), bundle, Old High German scobar, Middle High German, modern German schober (masculine), heap of hay, corn, etc. With the β forms compare chap(-man) beside cheap, Old English céap. The γ forms are difficult to account for. They may represent an ablaut variant (Old English scofa or scofe), or they may be due to the influence of continental Low German or Dutch; another possible explanation is that locally the original falling diphthong éa may have undergone change of stress; but none of these conjectures is quite satisfactory. 1. a. One of the large bundles in which it is usual to bind cereal plants after reaping. Also, a similar bundle of the stalks or blooms of other plants. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > bundle sheafc725 handfulOE truss12.. knitch13.. binding1388 bundle1398 faggot1447 bond1483 flaggat1487 bend-fulc1500 litch1538 thrave1606 fascicle1622 fawda1642 nitch1726 fascine1793 fasciculus1816 the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > [noun] > corn in sheaves > sheaf sheafc725 reapeOE yelmc1000 garbc1460 wheat-sheafc1530 gerbe1807 α. c725 Corpus Gloss. (Hessels) G 15 Garbas, sceabas. c1000 Ælfric Genesis xxxvii. 7 Me þuhte, þæt we bundon sceafas on æcere and þæt min sceaf arise and stode uprihte omiddan eowrum sceafum. c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 216 Rudan sceafas þry gedo on wine croccan. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1481 Þu þresshest tine shæfess. & siþþenn winndwesst tu þin corn. a1250 Owl & Nightingale 455 Hwanne mon howieþ of his sheue. 1480 W. Worcester Itineraries 290 Et populi portant anglice shevys de reede segge ad luminandam aulam. 1485–6 in Hist. MSS Comm.: 10th Rep.: App. Pt. V: MSS Marquis of Ormonde &c. (1885) 291 in Parl. Papers (C. 4576-I) XLII. 1 Clane whete as it cometh from the shefe. 1553 Cal. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1889) 433 Brynyng with every pecke two shevis of fyrris. 1621 F. Quarles Hadassa Introd. B 2 Here lies a new-falne ranke, and there a sheaue. 1717 G. Berkeley Jrnls. Trav. Italy 24 May in Wks. (1955) VII. 278 Along the shore, no strand but flat rocks, corn reaped & standing in sheaves. 1797 T. Holcroft tr. F. L. Stolberg Trav. (ed. 2) III. lxxxi. 290 We..saw barley in sheaf. 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm III. 1053 By practice, he can ascertain by the eye whether sheaves are of the proper size, which is 1 foot of diameter across the band. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 317 It is usual for landlords to pay for the drawing of the reed by the hundred sheaves. 1862 Miall Title-deeds Church Eng. 39 (note) Beans were usually tithed in the sheaf or shock. β. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4061 Hijs breþer schaues [Gött. scheuis, Fairf. sheuys] he sagh lutand Til his allan þat was standand.14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 725/40 Hec garba, a schaffe.1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid iv. Prol. 14 Of vickit grane quhow sall gud schaif be schorn?1532–3 in J. Raine Durham Househ. Bk. (1844) 166 Item 1 stuk et 16 shayffs ordii.1565 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 384 Cum..10 garbis vulgo schawis straminum.c1639 W. Mure Psalmes cxxvi, in Wks. (1898) II. 198 Charg'd with shaves.γ. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 444/2 Scheffe, or scheef (S. schefe or schofe, K. schof), garba, gelima.c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 447/2 Schoof or scheef.c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 447/2 Schokkyn schovys, tasso, congelimo.1788 W. Marshall Rural Econ. Yorks. II. 35 In these ‘reaps’,—shoves or open sheaves,—it [sc. rape] lies until..the ripest is ready to open its pods.1865 W. White Eastern Eng. I. vii. 101 Then we has to lay 'em [the reeds] straight, and tie 'em up into shoofs.1879 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. Shoves.Proverbs.c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame 2140 For alle mote oute, other late or rathe, Alle the sheves in the lathe.c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 2579 The whiche child of hire natyuyte To alle thewis goode I-born was she, As likede to the goddis er she was born, That of the shef she shal be the corn.1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. iv. sig. Giv She will tourne the leafe. And rather..take as falth in the sheafe. †b. tenth, ninth, third, etc. sheaf: a specified proportionate part of the annual crop paid to the lord or to the church. Also (in the s.w. counties) the sheaf = the tenth sheaf, tithe of grain. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > fixed proportion dues or taxes > [noun] > of crop tenth, ninth, third, etc. sheaf1387 society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > fixed proportion dues or taxes > [noun] > tithe > consisting of produce, stock, or animals tenth sheaf1387 predial1530 predial tithe1530 whitage1537 tithe pig1555 garb tithea1640 flax-tithe1692 1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VIII. 335 And þe nynþe scheef [v.r. schef] everich glebe of Engelond he ordeyned for his owne iourneys. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6807 Giue gladli tend And þin offrand, þe formast scaues of your corn. c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 24 Alle þo þat ȝeuyn þe tythe scheef to þe reperys for here hyre,..& ȝeuyn þe xj. scheef for þe tythe. c1450 Godstow Reg. 351 The churche of wygynton takyth all shevis, and halfe of all oþer tythys. c1460 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (1885) xii. 140 When the reaume gaff to thair kyng..the ix^th fflese off thair wolles, and also the ix^th shefe off þer graynes. 1472 in Rental Bk. Cupar-Angus (1879) I. 162 Wilȝam sal pay ȝerly for the teynd schafe of standand teyndis..20 bollis of vitale. a1555 D. Lindsay Tragedie in Dialog Experience & Courteour (1559) sig. Svj^v Ȝe wyll not want, teind cheif, nor offrandis. a1640 T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon (1811) (modernized text) §309 318 The shefe of this place, Walter Stapledon gave to the hospital. 1641 Will of T. Isaacs (Somerset Ho.) Whereas the sheaf of sherverton belongs to me. a1687 W. Petty Polit. Arithm. (1691) i. 34 If the Rent of the Land..be the third Sheaf. 17.. in J. Hammond Cornish Parish (1897) 81 The proprietors of the Sheaf [—that is, of the Rectorial tithes—were abated 13s. 4d.]. c. figurative in various obvious uses. Also †to put on the sheaf, to crown the feast, add the finishing touch (Scottish). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > completing > complete or conclude action [verb (intransitive)] > add the finishing touch finish1551 to put on the sheaf1718 1600 in Songs & Poems Costume (Percy Soc.) 102 Of others take a sheafe, of mee a graine. 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iv. xii. 327 In the Knowledge of Bodies, we must be content to glean what we can from particular Experiments, since we cannot from a Discovery of their real Essences, grasp at a time whole Sheaves; and in bundles, comprehend the Nature and Properties of whole Species together. 1718 A. Ramsay Christ's-kirk on Green ii. 21 A Kebbuck syn..pat on the Sheaf. 1825 T. B. Macaulay Milton in Edinb. Rev. Aug. 311 Yet the harvest is so abundant that the negligent search of a straggling gleaner may be rewarded with a sheaf. 1885 R. Buchanan Annan Water xvi Marriage with a holy man is a sheaf of blessing. d. Applied to a cluster of flowers, leaves, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > plants collectively > [noun] > tuft, clump, or cluster of plants hassockc1450 tuft?1523 tusk1530 tush1570 hill1572 dollop1573 clumpa1586 rush1593 trail1597 tussock1607 wreath1610 stool1712 tump1802 sheaf1845 massif1888 1845 R. Browning Home Thoughts from Abroad i, in Bells & Pomegranates No. VII: Dramatic Romances & Lyrics 8/2 The lowest boughs and the brush-wood sheaf Round the elm-tree bole are in tiny leaf. 1882 Garden 1 July 12/1 The plant shown bore quite a sheaf of large blooms. e. A cluster of jets of fire or water darting up together. (Cf. French gerbe.) ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > fire or flame > [noun] > flame or blaze > cluster of jets of flame sheaf1811 the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of squirting or issuing in a jet > [noun] > a jet > a cluster of water jets sheaf1857 1811 J. Pinkerton Petralogy II. 535 A thousand sheaves of fire blew up into the air, where, breaking and dispersing, they fell like a shower of stars. 1857 Ld. Dufferin Lett. from High Latitudes 125 A shining liquid column, or rather a sheaf of columns wreathed in robes of vapour, sprung into the air. 2. †a. A bundle of iron or steel containing a definite number of gads (see quots. 1577, 1597). [Compare medieval Latin garba, a bundle of 30 pieces of steel; also Middle High German ein schoup îsens.] ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [noun] > cast metal > in form of pigs > pig, ingot, or bar > quantity of sheaf1309 1309–10 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 7 In 3 schaffes aceris emp., 12d. 1377–8 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 387 In uno shafth calibis pro reparacione securium, 8d. 1495 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 150 Payed..for ij Sheffs of Stelle price the Sheff vij^d. 1515–16 J. Raine Fabric Rolls York Minster (1859) 96 iiij sheiffes de calabe. 1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. iii. xviii. f. 116^v/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I Our steele..is not so good for edge toole as that of Cullen, and yet the one is often solde for the other, and lyke tale vsed in both, that is to say thirtie gaddes to the shiefe [1587 sheffe] and sixe shiefes [twelue sheffes] to the burden. 1597 J. Skene De Verborum Significatione at Schaffa Ane schiefe of irone containes sexteene gades, ane schiefe of steile containes fourteene gades. †b. ? A certain quantity of timber. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > lumbering > [noun] > quantity of timber sheaf1534 turn1792 cunit1953 society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > [noun] > building wood > measure or quantity of rood1391 sheaf1534 straik1542 fathom1577 standard1811 1534 in F. W. Weaver Wells Wills (1890) 5 Rych. my son v shefe of tymbre. †c. A certain number of plates of glass. Obsolete. [Compare Low German schoff, a bundle of six plates of glass (Schiller & Lübben, at schôf.] ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > glass and glass-like materials > [noun] > glass > measure or quantity of sheaf1402 wisp1470 way1558 web1558 crib1688 crate1823 1402–3 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 394 7s. 8d. pro j pare de lyas et j shafe vitri venditis. 1404 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 397 Item de novo vitro colorato 2 scheff. 1476–7 in J. Raine Auckland Castle (1852) 54 [For 20] shefs [of new glass for repairing the windows of the manor-house, 13s. 4d.]. 1482–3 in J. Raine Charters Priory Finchale (1837) p. ccclx Pro ix shaffis vitri. 1487 in J. Nichols Illustr. Antient Times Eng. (1797) 83 Paide for a shefe of glass 8^d. 1488–9 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 99 Pro 5 shaff' vitri empt., 3s. 4d. 1532–3 in J. Raine Durham Househ. Bk. (1844) 170 Et in 8 shayff brymmys glasse emptis. 3. A bundle or quiverful of 24 arrows. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > arrow > [noun] > collectively sheaf1318 tacklec1400 flash?a1505 1318 Act Robt. I c. xxvii Unum bonum arcum cum uno schapho sagittarum. 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. iii. 324 Half a shef of arwes. c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 104 A sheef of Pecok arwes bright and keene Vnder his belt he bar ful thriftily. 1475 Rental Bk. Cupar-Angus (1879) I. 200 Bowis and schawis. 1502 in N. H. Nicolas Privy Purse Expenses Elizabeth of York (1830) 58 For a sheffe and an half of brode arrowes at ij d. the arrowe vj s. and for a sheef of brode heddes at ij d. the hedde iiij s. 1519 in Gentleman's Mag. (1864) Apr. 501/1 A boue & a shaffe of arrows, ij^s. 1590 J. Smythe Certain Disc. Weapons 20 b To drawe their arrowes out of their cases and sheafes. 1643 R. Baker Chron. Kings of Eng. ii. 94 The Northern men..plyed their bowes, till all their sheaves were empty. 1825 W. Scott Betrothed ix, in Tales Crusaders I. 168 The soldiers..discharged several sheafs of arrows upon such fugitives, as..approached too near the castle. figurative.1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xx. 224 [They] shoten aȝein with shotte many a shef of othes, And brode hoked arwes, goddes herte & his nayles. 4. A representation of a sheaf (of corn, arrows, etc.). (In Heraldry the sheaf of corn is called garb n.¹) ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > other heraldic representations > [noun] > other miscellaneous representations sheafc1420 Catherine wheel1584 sceptre1610 icicle1796 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > [noun] > an artistic representation > others quathriganc1175 starc1384 yoke1415 sheafc1420 arrow1548 thunder-dart1569 memento mori1598 quadriga1600 Triton1601 anchor1621 chimera1634 forest-work1647 Bacchanaliaa1680 Bacchanal1753 subject1781 harp1785 mask1790 arrowhead1808 gorgoneion1842 Amazonomachia1845 Amazonomachy1893 mythograph1893 physicomorph1895 horns of consecration1901 double image1939 motion study1977 c1420 J. Lydgate Assembly of Gods 291 Ceres..in a garment Of sak clothe..Embrowderyd with sheues and sykelys bent. 1650 tr. J. Donne To Mr. George Herbert in Poems (rev. ed.) 379 A Sheafe of Snakes used heretofore to be My Seal, The Crest of our poore Family. 1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel iv. viii. 100 And hence, in fair remembrance worn, Yon sheaf of spears his crest has borne. 1869 J. E. Cussans Handbk. Heraldry (rev. ed.) vii. 101 A bundle of Arrows bound together in the centre is termed a Sheaf, and consists of three: one in pale, and two in saltire. 5. gen. a. A cluster or bundle of things tied up together; a quantity of things set thick together. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > bundle > large or loose sheafa1728 wodge1847 a1728 J. Woodward Attempt Nat. Hist. Fossils Eng. (1729) i. 78 A Mineral..composed of several Sheafs of grey Filaments. 1855 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes II. x. 100 A great palette, and a sheaf of painting-brushes. 1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola II. ii. 14 The sheaves of banners were unfurled at the angles of the Baptistery. 1888 M. E. Braddon Fatal Three I. v. 98 He took a sheaf of telegraph-forms from the stand in front of him. b. Emphatically in plural: A large number, mass, or quantity. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > (a) great quantity or amount felec825 muchc1230 good wone1297 plentyc1300 bushelc1374 sight1390 mickle-whata1393 forcea1400 manynessa1400 multitudea1400 packc1400 a good dealc1430 greata1450 sackful1484 power1489 horseloadc1500 mile1508 lump1523 a deal?1532 peckc1535 heapa1547 mass1566 mass1569 gallon1575 armful1579 cart-load1587 mickle1599 bushelful1600–12 a load1609 wreck1612 parisha1616 herd1618 fair share1650 heapa1661 muchness1674 reams1681 hantle1693 mort1694 doll?1719 lift1755 acre1759 beaucoup1760 ton1770 boxload1795 boatload1807 lot1811 dollop1819 swag1819 faggald1824 screed1826 Niagara1828 wad1828 lashings1829 butt1831 slew1839 ocean1840 any amount (of)1848 rake1851 slather1857 horde1860 torrent1864 sheaf1865 oodlesa1867 dead load1869 scad1869 stack1870 jorum1872 a heap sight1874 firlot1883 oodlings1886 chunka1889 whips1888 God's quantity1895 streetful1901 bag1917 fid1920 fleetful1923 mob1927 bucketload1930 pisspot1944 shitload1954 megaton1957 mob-o-ton1975 gazillion1978 buttload1988 shit ton1991 the world > relative properties > number > plurality > great number, numerousness > [noun] > a large number or multitude sandc825 thousandc1000 un-i-rimeOE legiona1325 fernc1325 multitudec1350 hundred1362 abundancec1384 quantityc1390 sight1390 felec1394 manyheada1400 lastc1405 sortc1475 infinityc1480 multiplie1488 numbers1488 power1489 many1525 flock1535 heapa1547 multitudine1547 sort1548 myriads1555 myriads1559 infinite1563 tot-quot1565 dickera1586 multiplea1595 troop1596 multitudes1598 myriad1611 sea-sands1656 plurality1657 a vast many1695 dozen1734 a good few1756 nation1762 vast1793 a wheen (of)1814 swad1828 lot1833 tribe1833 slew1839 such a many1841 right smart1842 a million and one1856 horde1860 a good several1865 sheaf1865 a (bad, good, etc.) sortc1869 immense1872 dunnamuch1875 telephone number1880 umpty1905 dunnamany1906 skit1913 umpteen1919 zillion1922 gang1928 scrillion1935 jillion1942 900 number1977 gazillion1978 fuckload1984 1865 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia VI. xx. vi. 150 He has sheaves of Letters daily. 1888 W. E. Henley Bk. Verses 123 It falls, in very sheaves, The weary, dreary rain. 6. a. Physics and Mathematics. A bundle of rays, lines, etc. all passing through a given point. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > line > [noun] > set or system of peacock's tail1570 harmonicala1746 pencil1840 harmonic pencil1862 sheaf1863 congruency1864 linkage1874 congruence1879 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > [noun] > rays or waves > set of pencil1665 optic pencil1704 cone of rays1706 sheaf1863 wave group1923 1863 J. Tyndall Heat ix. §359. 302 A sheaf of calorific rays. 1885 C. Leudesdorf tr. L. Cremona Elements Projective Geom. 22 A sheaf (sheaf of planes, sheaf of lines) is a figure made up of planes or straight lines, all of which pass through a given point (the centre of the sheaf). 1890 T. H. Eagles Descriptive Geom. 303 Sheafs of rays which in the case of a source of light..form a cone of which that source is the vortex. b. Mathematics. A topological space each point of which is associated with a structure having all the properties of an Abelian group (e.g. a vector space or a ring) in such a way that there is an isomorphism between the structures on neighbouring points. [The sense is due to J. Leray, who used French faisceau ( Jrnl. de Math. (1950) XXIX. 5).] ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > geometric space > [noun] > topological manifoldness1873 manifold1878 submanifold1898 function space1912 topological space1913 sheaf1955 1955 Ann. Math. 62 56 The French word ‘faisceau’ has been translated into English as ‘sheaf’ or ‘stack’. In this paper we use the word ‘stack’, since ‘sheaf’ has been used before in mathematics. 1958 R. G. Swan Theory of Sheaves 1 Sheaves are very useful in proving theorems. 1973 R. O. Wells Differential Anal. Complex Manifolds ii. 43 A sheaf..on a space X is a carrier of localized information about the space. Compounds C1. General attributive. sheaf-like adj. ΚΠ 1880–1 W. Saville-Kent Man. Infusoria I. 249 A sheaf-like fascicle of rod-like trichocysts. C2. † sheaf-arrow n. Obsolete an arrow of the kind which was carried in a sheaf (see 3) for warfare. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > arrow > [noun] > war arrow sheaf-arrow1474 1474 in T. Rymer Fœdera (1710) XI. 838 Sagittas vocatas Shefe Arowes. 1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus ii. f. 13^v As concerning sheaffe Arrouse for war. 1627 M. Drayton Battaile Agincourt 20 A French man back into the Towne doth fall, With a sheafe Arrow shot into the head. sheaf-binder n. one who binds sheaves, a machine which does this. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > harvesting equipment > [noun] > binder binder1857 sheaf-binder1866 the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > [noun] > corn in sheaves > binder or band-maker binder?1611 outliggera1642 bandstera1794 sheaf-binder1866 roller1892 the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > [noun] > corn in sheaves > binder or band-maker > binding machine sheaf-binder1866 1866 J. S. Blackie Homer & Iliad I. 163 Sowers and reapers and sheaf-binders. 1880 Daily News 10 Dec. 2/4 For many years, the only description of sheaf-binder which was found to work was one which tied with wire. sheaf catalogue n. Librarianship (see quot. 1976). ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > book list > [noun] > list of books in library or libraries > types of library list or catalogue curating book1697 card catalogue1853 title catalogue1875 form-catalogue1876 shelf-catalogue1882 sheaf catalogue1902 shelf-list1910 1902 Library World V. 129 Some librarians I know..are hesitating in their adoption of a ms. catalogue between the card and a new rival—the sheaf catalogue. 1913 J. H. Quinn Library Cataloguing iv. 33 The book-form of catalogues with separate leaves, known as ‘sheaf-catalogues’. 1976 Gloss. Documentation Terms (B.S.I.) 60 Sheaf catalogue, a catalogue recorded on slips of paper of uniform size filed in loose-leaf binders. sheaf-corn n. corn in sheaves. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > [noun] > corn in sheaves singlet1776 sheaf-corn1785 sheafage1885 1785 W. Marshall Minutes in Rural Econ. Midland Counties (1790) II. 167 Sheaf corn lies straighter in the cutting box. † sheaf-iron n. Obsolete ? iron in sheaves or bundles of rods. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > iron > [noun] > type of iron > other forms of iron faggot ironc1503 sheaf-iron1572 merchant's irona1650 use1783 merchant iron1784 strap iron1833 angle1834 strip1887 1572 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 364 iiij houndreth lb of sheff yron j¹ xij^s. sheaf oats n. U.S. (now rare) oats bound in sheaves. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > [noun] > sheaf or bundle of other crops glean1664 sheaf oats1765 1765 G. Croghan Jrnl. 10 June in R. G. Thwaites Early Western Travels (1904) I. ii. 140 The young reeds being preferable to sheaf oats. 1867 Rep. Iowa Agric. Soc. (1868) 126 In the Winter they generally have an open shed with sheaf oats or nubbins of corn. 1894 Outing 24 337/1 Ten minutes later the horses were quietly eating their corn and sheaf oats. sheaf-ripe adj. poetic ripe for harvest. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [adjective] > ripe ripeOE murea1500 sheaf-ripe1879 1879 R. Browning Ned Bratts 109 Corn stood sheaf-ripe already. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022). sheafn.² Etymology: Alteration of sheath n.¹ = sheath n.¹ ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > side arms > [noun] > sheath, generally sheathc950 scabbard1297 forela1400 pilcher1599 vagine1623 sheaf1697 the world > plants > part of plant > part defined by form or function > [noun] > sheath hosea1450 socket1657 sheath1672 theca1682 vagina1698 sheaf1766 1697 Countess D'Aunoy's Trav. (1706) 94 These Swords being so long, that they cannot be drawn out, unless a Man has the Arms of a Giant; the Sheaf therefore flies open in laying the finger on a little Spring. 1766 Compl. Farmer at Vegetation The lateral roots also break forth..from the gaping sheaf which adheres closely to the plant. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2021). sheafv. Brit. /ʃiːf/, U.S. /ʃif/ Etymology: < sheaf n.¹ Compare sheave v.¹ 1. transitive. To bind into a sheaf or sheaves; also with up. Also absol. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > harvest (a crop) [verb (transitive)] > make into sheaves or bundles sheaf1506 sheave1579 bottle1611 swathe1611 wad1677 gripa1722 tipple1799 tuffle1799 windle1808 1506 tr. Kalender of Shepherdes sig. A.iii^v To laboure in haruest..To repe and shefe. 1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Affasciare,..to sheafe vp corne. a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iii. ii. 105 They that reap must sheafe and binde. View more context for this quotation 1620 G. Markham Farwell to Husbandry xiii. 103 Hauing reapt your corne so full of grasse and weeds, you shal by no meanes sheafe it. 1652 W. Durham Maran-atha 14 Should the tares overlook the wheat here, and hereafter be sheafed up into the barn. 1764 Museum Rusticum 2 viii. 30 When the crop is fully ripe and clear of weeds, 'tis proper to mow inwards, and sheaf it immediately. 1845 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 5 ii. 327 Last harvest Mr. Hudson sheafed part of his barley. 1874 T. Hardy Far from Madding Crowd II. iii. 31 Maryann..with some other women was tying the bundles (oats being always sheafed on this farm). figurative.1882 Fraser's Mag. Oct. 438 It would be absurd to waste its scholarship and unrivalled opportunities in sheafing up and binding together a puny list of unregistered words.1891 F. M. Wilson Primer on Browning 239 Some..seem more specially sheafed than others by the binding threads of the Prologue and Epilogue. 2. To furnish with a sheaf. rare. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > use of bow and arrow > shoot (arrow) [verb (transitive)] > furnish with a sheaf of arrows sheaf1636 1636 R. James Iter Lancastrense (1845) 3/69 Who doe bent bowes on their left showlders hould, Their girdle sheaft with arrowes. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹c725n.²1697v.1506
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sheafn.1

Compounds

sheafn.2

sheafv.

sheafn.¹

sheafn.²