shieldn.
/ʃiːld/, U.S. /ʃild/ I. An item of defensive armour, and related uses.
1. † b. under shield: in battle or combat. with spear and shield: in battle array; by force of arms. Obsolete.
a. In ancient and medieval warfare, and subsequently in that of pre-industrial peoples: an article of defensive armour carried in the hand or attached by a strap to the left arm of a soldier, as a protection from the weapons of the enemy. Sometimes applied spec. to an article of this kind larger than the buckler n.1, which was usually carried in the hand, and smaller than the pavis adj., which was held by an attendant in front of a knight or archer.Shields have been made of various materials, as metal, wood, wickerwork covered with skins or leather, etc. The form has varied greatly in different periods and countries; the principal types are (1) the circular shield, usually convex in front, with a boss in the centre; (2) the oblong shield, either flat, or, more commonly, having the form of a portion of a cylinder; and (3) the shield with curved sides tapering to a point at the lower end, which was the prevailing form in Europe during the Middle Ages.In the Middle Ages the ‘armorial bearings’ of a knight were depicted on his shield, and decorated shields, made for display and not for warlike use, were often hung on walls in churches or other buildings as a memorial of a knight or noble. Hence sense 3.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > shield > [noun]
shieldc825
boardOE
randOE
targe1297
rowelc1330
aegisc1425
scutcheon1600
disc1791
c825 Vesp. Psalter lxxv. 4 Ðer gebrec hornas bogan sceld sweord & gefeht.
OE Beowulf 325 Setton sæmeþe side scyldas..wið þæs recedes weal.
a1250 Owl & Nightingale 1713 For mony mon myd speres orde haueþ lutle strengþe & mid his schelde [Cott. chelde], Ah [etc.].
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11865 Anne scelde gode [c1300 Otho sceald].
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2101 Heo nomen þa seeldes [c1300 Otho sealdes].
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 3840 Ȝif he nadde wiþ þe sseld somdel þe dunt yhent Siker he im adde aslawe.
a1300 Cursor Mundi 2497 On helme and sceild [v.rr. shilde, schild, sheeld].
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 97 Scipio sigh ones a childe gayliche arrayed, and seide, ‘I wondre nouȝt þat he arrayeþ well his childe [L. scutum], for [etc.].’
a1400 K. Alis. (Laud) 693 An horne in þe forehede amydward Þat wolde perce a shelde hard.
c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1264 And som wol haue a Pruce sheeld or a targe.
c1418 in Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 244 Hem nedethe nether spere ne shulde.
c1475 (?c1425) Avowing of King Arthur (1984) l. 374 Take þi schild and þi spere.
1508 W. Dunbar Goldyn Targe (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems (1998) I. 188 Than come Reson with schelde of gold so clere.
?1556 N. Smyth tr. Herodian Hist. ii. f. 22 Lyftynge theyr shyldes and Targettes ouer theyr heades.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. viii. sig. G6v His mightie shild Vpon his manly arme.
a1685 Funeral in Popish Times in H. Gilbert Queene Elizabethes Achademy (1869) i. 34 The helme, Childe [elsewhere shild], sword, the Cote of Armes, to bee layd vppon ye bere in dew order.
1699 W. Temple Introd. Hist. Eng. in Wks. (1720) II. 531 Their common Arms were small Shields, but very large Swords.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth IV. 331 Its skin is thick, and covered with brown hair, and the natives make shields of it.
1867 Rep. Paris Univ. Exhib. (1868) II. 489 Two shields, one in iron and one in steel, are the most remarkable of their works.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > [adverb] > by force of arms
with spear and shielda1300
by dint of sworda1330
by force of1611
society > armed hostility > armed encounter > [adverb] > in battle
under shielda1300
society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > formation > [adverb] > in battle array
with spear and shielda1300
in stale1513
battle-wise1559
a1300 K. Horn 53 Hy smyten vnder schelde [Laud selde, Harl. shelde].
c1330 Arth. & Merl. 3096 vi hundred kniȝtes..þat wele couþe juste in feld wiþ stef launce vnder scheld.
a1352 L. Minot Poems (1914) iv. 50 Our King and his men held þe felde Stalworthy, with spere and schelde.
c1440 Partonope 2951 Partonope thatt day vnder hys schelde [v.r. sheelde] xx hethen he hathe slayn yn the fylde.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 113 Quhai for hir saek with speir and scheld Preiffis maest mychtellye in the feld.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid viii. viii. 111 Of Hetruria the ostis vnder scheild Wyth that word stoppit in the samin feild.
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 129 Baith pairties..cum to Dunfreis, thair tha diuyde it with speir and scheild.
1829 W. Scott Anne of Geierstein III. xii. 340 They met, as was the phrase of the time, ‘manful under shield’.
1829 W. Scott Anne of Geierstein III. xiii. 377 We bear no malice for what is done in fair fight under shield.
c. In allusion to the custom of suspending a warrior's shield as a memorial of him.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > obsequies > monument > [noun] > other types of memorial
shield1817
death-mask1838
headboard1895
haniwa1931
garden of remembrance1954
1817 S. T. Coleridge Destiny of Nations in Sibylline Leaves 9 Seize, then, my soul! from Freedom's trophied dome The Harp which hangeth high between the Shields Of Brutus and Leonidas!
d. two sides of a shield: two ways of looking at something, two sides to a question; the other side (or reverse) of the shield: the other side of a question or consideration, the side which is less obvious or which has not been presented (cf. the reverse of the medal at medal n. 4, French le revers de la médaille).
ΚΠ
?1855 A. W. Chapman Let. in R. K. Webb Harriet Martineau (1960) i. 27 I consider it a great misfortune, in one sense,..a blessing, often times, in another. There are two sides to every shield.
1885 C. M. Yonge (title) The two sides of the shield.
1909 P. Collier England & English i. 16 These beef-eating, port-drinking fellows in Piccadilly..are well enough..but this other side of the shield is distressing to look at. Poor, stunted..denizens of the East End.
1911 H. Walpole Mr. Perrin & Mr. Traill ii. 24 The reverse of the shield is..given in that first letter to his mother.
2. transferred and figurative.† c. Government, sway (of a country). Obsolete.† d. Shelter, protection (in physical sense). Obsolete.
a. Something serving as a defence against attack or injury. Often in echoes of Biblical language referring to metaphorical armour, as Ephes. vi. 16.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > means of protection or defence
hornc825
shieldc1200
warranta1272
bergha1325
armour1340
hedge1340
defencec1350
bucklerc1380
protectiona1382
safety1399
targea1400
suretyc1405
wall1412
pavise?a1439
fencec1440
safeguard?c1500
pale?a1525
waretack1542
muniment1546
shrouda1561
bulwark1577
countermure1581
ward1582
prevention1584
armourya1586
fortificationa1586
securitya1586
penthouse1589
palladium1600
guard1609
subtectacle1609
tutament1609
umbrella1609
bastion1615
screena1616
amulet1621
alexikakon1635
breastwork1643
security1643
protectionary1653
sepiment1660
back1680
shadower1691
aegis1760
inoculation1761
buoya1770
propugnaculum1773
panoply1789
armament1793
fascine1793
protective1827
beaver1838
face shield1842
vaccine1861
zariba1885
wolf-platform1906
firebreak1959
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 193 Habbeð..hope to helme, and soðe luue to shelde, and godes word to swerde.
c1220 Bestiary 161 Ðis neddre siðen he nede sal, makeð seld of his bodi and sildeð his heued.
?c1225 Ancrene Riwle (Cleo.: Scribe B) (1972) 42 Heo to þe ȝeunge ȝeueð uuel for bisne. scheld to [Scribe A schald þu] werien ham wið.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 1 Ich bidde þe hit [þin holy blod] by my sseld auoreye þe wycked uend.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9972 It [sc. a castle]..standes vs for sceild and targe.
1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) ii. 132 For hys passyon ys suffycyent shylde to vs.
1567 Gude & Godlie B. 107 His trew promeis is thy scheild.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. i. sig. O6v What shield [shall I find] against the violent passions of Gynecia?
1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. lix. 265 The favour of hi[s] country constitutes the shield, which defends him.
1839 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. Resid. Georgian Plantation (1863) 69 Again the watery shield was interposed.
1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. ii. 20 Strips of heavy sheet-iron..as a shield against the cutting action of the new ice.
1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits xv. 267 No dignity or wealth is a shield from its assault.
b. Applied (as a Biblical Hebraism: see, e.g. Psalms xxxiii. 20, lxxxiv. 11) to a personal defender or protector (esp. to God).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > protector or defender
shield971
warranta1225
warden?c1225
forhillera1300
inshieldera1300
shieldera1300
weryera1325
hilera1340
witier1340
protectorc1390
guard1412
safeguardera1535
fencec1540
safekeeper1561
parens patriae1764
guardsmana1854
fortifier1878
minder1896
the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > [noun] > as protector
shield971
friendOE
berghera1300
takerc1350
safeguardera1535
safe-maker1616
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > embrace or keeping
shield971
winga1300
971 Blickl. Hom. 29 Þe englas beoþ aa halgum mannum on fultume swa swa scyld.
OE Phoenix 463 Þam biþ dryhten scyld in siþa gehwane, sigora waldend, weoruda wilgiefa.
c1275 Five Joys Virg. 13 in Old Eng. Misc. 87 Beo vre scheld from vre iro.
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde ii. 532 Thow be my sheld for þy benignite.
c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 155 Þus lordis ben made schildis of synne for a litel money or worldly seruyce of wickid curatis.
1535 D. Lindsay Satyre 3 His Sone, our Sauiour, scheild in necessitie.
1738 J. Wesley Coll. Psalms & Hymns (new ed.) iii But Thou art a Shield for me.
1833 R. Grant in E. Bickarsteth Christian Psalmody 17 Our shield and defender, The Ancient of days.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > [noun]
onwaldeOE
wissingc1000
governc1300
shield1338
governaila1382
governancec1384
hierarchy1390
regimenta1393
rulea1393
rulec1405
governationc1410
leadingc1430
governmentc1450
gubernance1455
domination1490
moderation1526
governancy1540
ditiona1552
ruledom1553
rectory1572
sway1586
diocese1596
raj1857
1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1725) 8 Þe lond lese þe armes, changed is þe scheld.
1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1725) 69 Harald, þorgh comon assent, Was corouned nobly, & for kyng þei him helde, Bot þe duke of Normundie to William felle þe schelde.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > shelter
leeOE
lewthc1000
shadowc1200
coverturec1450
hele?1527
burrow1577
shelter1595
lown1603
umbrage1607
shield1615
lew1908
1615 R. Brathwait Strappado 202 Where being benighted, [he] tooke no other shield, To lodge him and his ware then th'open field.
1618 G. Chapman tr. Hesiod Georgicks ii. 331 But then, betake thee, to the shade that lies, In shield of Rocks.
3. Heraldry. = escutcheon n. shield-of-arms: an escutcheon with armorial bearings. shield of pretence = escutcheon of pretence n. at escutcheon n. 1c, cf. inescutcheon n.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > escutcheon or shield > [noun]
shieldc1320
scutcheona1366
escutcheon1480
sinister1572
scute1575
cutchion1632
c1320 Sir Beues (A) 1322 Tirri on Beues be-held And seȝ þe boiste wiþ a scheld.
c1325 Gloss. W. de Bibbesw. in Wright Voc. 153 L'eskou de gules [glossed a reed cheeld] ad porté.
1531 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 48 Item, a lyttell shelde of golde Innamyled with whyt and grene.
1540 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 463 Concessit dicto W. et heredibus tallie unum duplex lie tressour auri in eorum lie schield circa eorum arma.
a1552 J. Leland De Rebus Brit. Collectanea (1715) I. i. 234 Syr Maurice bare in a Grene Shild thre Bores of Golde.
1562 G. Legh Accedens of Armory 38 b The fift [worthy] was Iudas Machabeus, whose Shielde was Or, ii. Rauens in Pale proper... The viii. was Charlemaine, & he bare the Ierusalem Shielde, Impaled with the imperiall Cote.
1707 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. 5 July (O.H.S.) II. 24 Persons regard Dr. Woodward's Shield as ‘a banter’.
1835 Penny Cycl. IV. 110/1 Our author's [Beaumont's] shield may be seen in any Baronetage.
1864 C. Boutell Heraldry Hist. & Pop. (ed. 3) i. 4 Such is the origin of Shields-of-Arms.
1866 J. E. Cussans Gram. Heraldry 21 The Inescutcheon, or Shield of Pretence, is [etc.].
1905 C. Davenport Jewellery viii. 142 The three legs in the shield-of-arms of the Isle of Man.
4. An ornamental piece of plate (more or less in the form of a shield) offered for competition in an athletic or other contest.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > winning, losing, or scoring > [noun] > winning or win > awards and prizes
garland?a1513
plate1639
cupc1640
dog plate1686
gold medal1694
gold cup1718
sweepstake1773
trophy1822
bronze medal1852
shield1868
statuette1875
pot1885
team honours1895
letter1897
silver medal1908
school colour1913
gold1945
bronze1960
silver1960
Fed Cup1965
the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > token of victory or supreme excellence > [noun] > prize > other specific prize
glaivec1380
cupc1640
pewter1814
banner1840
presentation cup1844
blue ribbon1860
ribbon1860
shield1868
special1872
wager-cup1878
presentation bowl1896
rose bowl1970
quaich1971
1868 Wimbledon Annual 23 The ‘Elcho’ Challenge Shield.
1898 Field 23 Apr. 625/3 It has now been decided that the clubs shall jointly hold the shield during the ensuing twelve months.
II. A protective covering or shelter.† 6. The seat of a privy; hence, a privy. Scottish. Obsolete. [Compare, for the sense, French garde-robe.]
5. Applied to certain parts of animal bodies. [= German schild, shield of a boar, a tortoise, etc.] allusive uses.1607 T. Tomkis Lingua ii. i. C 4 If they would vse no other Bucklers in warre, but sheilds of Brawne.1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie iii. xiv. 135 The shield of a Boare..is a good Buckler against that cruell Enemy called Hunger.
a. The thick, tough skin upon the sides and flanks of the boar; spec. an article of food (in full, shield of brawn), made by placing a piece of this skin round the inside of a cylindrical mould and filling up with meat, and cooking until soft and tender. (Cf. brawn n. 3.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > meat dishes > [noun] > pork dishes
souse1391
cockagricec1400
shieldc1400
head cheese1831
hogshead cheese1839
pig cheer1873
porchetta1929
carnitas1949
bak kut teh1969
sisig1987
samgyeopsal1993
1337 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 32 Festum Sci. Cuthberti in Sept., In 2 scutis de Braune pro festo empt. a diversis.]
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 58 Wyth scheldez of wylde swyn.
a1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Digby) v Þei haue herd skynne and stronge flessh; and specially vpon þe shoulder, þat is called þe shelde.
1486 Bk. St. Albans, Hunting f ii b The sheldys on the sholderis: therof shall .ii. be.
a1552 J. Leland De Rebus Brit. Collectanea (1715) I. i. 231 By eating of a sheelde of a wilde bore he got an appetite.
1633 P. Massinger New Way to pay Old Debts iv. i. sig. H3v Did you not deuoure this morning, A shield of Brawne, and a barrell of Colchester oysters?
1641 J. Murrell Cookerie (ed. 5) 5 A Shield or Collar of Brawne.
1705 Poor Robin Feb. Observ. They then look like a Shield of Brawn at Shrovetide out of Date.
1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe I. viii. 154 Wamba..opposed to the beard of the Jew a shield of brawn, which he plucked from beneath his cloak.
1861 T. L. Peacock Gryll Grange xxxii. 278 You will always find a piece of cold roast beef and a tankard of good ale; and just now a shield of brawn.
b. Zoology. A protective plate covering a part; a scute, a carapace, a plastron, or the like.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > covering or skin > [noun] > hard or protective covering > scale > large scale or bony plate
cuirass1605
shield1704
carapace1835
scutcheon1846
scute1848
carapax1849
marginal1883
osteoderm1898
1704 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 24 1627 These were the Shields of the Cochineel Flies.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VII. 352 The shield of the breast [of the mole-cricket] is of a firm texture.
1828 J. Stark Elements Nat. Hist. II. 65 Shell a conical shield, with the summit inclined.
1857 L. J. R. Agassiz Contrib. Nat. Hist. U.S.A. I. 255 [In Turtles] The dorsal shield, usually called by the French name ‘carapace’, is connected by a bridge with another shield, commonly called ‘plastron’.
1861 P. P. Carpenter in Rep. Smithsonian Inst. 1860 234 Pleurobranchus has a thin, flat horny shield.
1880 T. H. Huxley Crayfish i. 24 The great shield or carapace is very easily separated from the thorax and abdomen.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > privy or latrine > [noun]
gongOE
privy?c1225
room-housec1275
chamber foreignc1300
wardrobea1325
privy chamberc1325
foreignc1390
siegec1400
stool1410
jakes1432
house of easementa1438
kocayc1440
siege-hole1440
siege-house1440
privy house1463
withdraught1493
draught1530
shield1535
bench-hole1542
common house1542
stool1542
jakes house1547
boggard1552
house of office?1560
purging place1577
little house1579
issue1588
Ajax1596
draught-house1597
private1600
necessary house1612
vault1617
longhouse1622
latrine1623
necessary1633
commonsa1641
gingerbread officea1643
boghouse1644
cloaca1645
passage-house1646
retreat1653
shithouse1659
closet of ease1662
garderobe1680
backside1704
office1727
bog?1731
house of ease1734
cuz-john1735
easing-chair1771
backhouse1800
outhouse1819
netty1825
petty1848
seat of ease1850
closet1869
bathroom1883
crapper1927
lat1927
shouse1941
biffy1942
shitholec1947
toot1965
shitter1967
woodshed1974
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 658 This fals tratour wnder the schield wes set, Quhilk to his cuming tuke gude tent and cuir, With ane lang speit..Amang the bowellis vpwart in the breist Straik him to deid.
1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. i. xii. f. 33v Quhen he passit to the scheild to purge his wame.
1566 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1875) III. 222 That all personis that hes scheildis clenge the samin or euer thai be full, sua that thai brek nocht furth and rin in the streit.
1582 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1882) IV. 259 Middingis, scheildes, furrouris [etc.].
7. A framework erected for the protection of workmen engaged in boring or tunnelling and pushed forward as the work progresses; also, a watertight case used in submarine tunnelling to keep back quicksands and inrushes of water.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > earth-moving and excavating equipment > [noun] > tunnelling equipment
poling board1837
shield1837
packing-board1850
pilot tunnel1881
subterrene1956
mole1960
1837 L. Hebert Engin. & Mech. Encycl. II. 805 The work [Thames tunnel] was commenced in 1825... To give security to the men in excavating, Mr. Brunel invented a cast-iron shield or frame... This shield [etc.]
1838 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 290/1 Two rows of close whole timber piles should be driven..with space sufficient for the shield to travel.
1895 Daily News 5 June 7/3 A circular shield with a cutting edge is driven by sheer hydraulic pushing through the soil.
8.
a. A protective device attached to a field-gun in order to shelter the gunners from rifle-fire.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > shelter or screen > [noun] > shield to protect gunners
blind1644
gun-house1736
blindage1812
blinding1829
mantlet1859
shield1898
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > parts and fittings of firearms > [noun] > shield attached to gun
shield1898
1898 E. S. May Field Artillery 313 Personally I do not believe in shields; if really bullet proof, they are so heavy as to hamper mobility.
1898 E. S. May Field Artillery 313 Even without shields men working quick-firing guns would be slightly less exposed than they are at present.
b. A protective device in clothing, as a dress-shield n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > other
netOE
sheepskinc1175
tail1297
panec1300
slipc1440
cukera1500
peak1509
waist1590
bumbarrel1609
winglet1611
armhole1731
fullness1792
stride1807
bottom1820
patte1835
buckling1861
ventilator1870
tie-back1880
shield1884
organ pleat1886
outer1904
flarea1910
uplift1929
1884 Queen 9 Feb. (advt.) You have just ruined that new dress under the arms because you did not have a Canfield Dress Shield.
1897 Sears, Roebuck Catal. No. 104. 321/3 Kleinert pays for the dress if it is ruined by perspiration, if his shields are used in it.
c. Mechanics. (See quots.)
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > other parts > [noun] > sleeves, coverings, or screens
spring box1696
jacket1815
faceplate1827
shoe1837
jacketing1842
splasher1848
splash-board1850
sleeve1865
shield1888
sleeving1923
mesh1926
1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. 316 Shield. (1) A covering employed to protect the bearings and spindles of emery-grinding machines from the action of the gritty dust. (2) A guard placed over or in front of band and circular saws and portions of machinery to protect the workmen from accidents.
1967 Dict. Mech. Engin. (ed. 9) 323 Shield, a contrivance or covering, protective plate, or screen, to protect machinery or the operator, from damage or accident.
d. Physics. An electrically conducting cover of a device or apparatus intended to protect it from external electric or magnetic fields or to reduce or eliminate interference radiated by the device or apparatus itself. Cf. screen n.1 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > prevention of interference > [noun] > device for
screen1878
shield1919
suppressor1930
interference suppressor1951
1919 J. A. Fleming Thermionic Valve ii. 66 (caption) Fig. 34 shows the valve..with copper-gauze shield for protecting from external electric fields.
1947 R. Lee Electronic Transformers & Circuits vi. 174 Multiple shields increase the action..because eddy currents induced in the shields set up fluxes opposing the stray field.
1975 D. G. Fink Electronics Engineers' Handbk. vi. 32 It is often desirable to shield part of the circuit from electromagnetic fields. The shields can absorb, reflect, or degrade (by multiple internal reflections) the electromagnetic energy. The most commonly used shields are braided copper.
e. Physics. A mass of material, usually lead or concrete, intended to absorb neutrons and other ionizing radiation emitted by a reactor or accelerator. See also biological shield n. at biological adj. and n. Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > particle accelerator > [noun] > protection against
shield1933
the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > nuclear fission > nuclear fuel > [noun] > protective material
shield1933
boron1938
shielding1945
1933 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 141 262 The steel shield S prevents the impact of secondary electrons upon the glass walls.
1947 M. D. Kamen Radioactive Tracers in Biol. iv. 93 Protection against γ radiation is best afforded by working with remote control devices behind heavy lead shields at least 2–3 inches thick.
1962 Newnes Conc. Encycl. Nucl. Energy 756/2 Such a shield is an iron or barium loaded concrete. The main part of the shield in most reactors, called the bulk or biological shield, is made of such material.
1974 Encycl. Brit. Macropædia XIII. 319/1 Typically, a ‘core barrel’..is enclosed in a thermal shield, a pressure vessel, a water shield against neutrons, and a blanket of reinforced concrete for gamma-ray absorption.
9. The lower front part of a ploughshare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > ploughing equipment > [noun] > plough > ploughshare > parts of
foota1325
tuck-hole1805
bosom1807
plough point1837
shield1844
1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm I. 415 The share proper, consisting of the shield, terminating in the point e, and of..the feather or cutter.
1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech.
III. Applied to things shaped like a shield.† 10. Used to render Old French escu as the name of a coin: see écu n. Cf. scute n.1 1. Obsolete. rare.† 14. ? A sheet of ice. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > French coins > silver
scutec1400
shieldc1405
tracent1524
French crown1542
franc1603
cardecu1605
escuc1663
target1671
silver lewis1689
écu1704
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 280 Wel koude he in eschaunge sheeldes selle.
1599 F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) 45 The florens in Chaucers tyme..was of the valewe of thre shillinges, fowre pence,..or at the leaste, of two shillinges tenne pence farthinge..: some of them beinge called ‘florens de scuto’, or of the valewe of the ‘shelde’, or frenche crowne.
11. Horticulture. = escutcheon n. 3d, scutcheon n.1 4c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > propagation of plants > [noun] > by cuttings > cutting or slip > for grafting
imp1377
graffa1398
talionc1440
graft1483
slip1495
set1513
wedge?1523
scutcheon1572
shield1572
truncheon1572
breeder1601
scion1612
escutcheon1658
slit-graft1706
graffshoot1860
shield-bud1891
1572 L. Mascall tr. D. Brossard L'Art et Maniere de Semer v, in Bk. Plant & Graffe Trees 22 All other maner of trees aforesayde, doe take verye well to be graffed wyth Cyons, and also in the shielde.
1606 W. Ram Little Dodeon sig. D8 To graffe in the Shield, is to be done in Iune or Iuly, with the rynde.
1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (1721) II. 262 Sharpen that end of the Bark below the Bud, like a Shield or Escutcheon.
1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 306 The shield being inserted in the usual manner, another with an orifice in it, to admit the bud of the first, is laid over it.
12. Botany.
a. (See quot. 1804.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > lichen > [noun] > part(s) of
pelt1759
pelta1760
scutellum1760
scyphus1777
shield1796
podetium1814
apothecium1830
cistella1832
rhizine1832
scypha1832
soredium1836
amphigastria1842
gonidium1845
macrogonidium1853
hypothallus1855
crustaceous lichens1856
pycnide1856
perianth1857
isidium1866
thamnium1866
endospore1875
perigynium1882
pseudocyphella1882
thecium1882
parathecium1921
soralium1921
1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) IV. 75 [A Lichen found] about the bodies of old oak..trees near Holsworthy, Devonshire, abundantly with innumerable shields.
1804 W. Turton tr. C. Linnaeus Gen. Syst. Nature VII. Expl. Terms Shield, the saucer-like fructification of lichens.
1862 Chamb. Encycl. III. 352/1 The species of the genus Lecanora are crustaceous lichens, with a flat uniform thallus, and unstalked shields.
b. (See quot. 1840)
ΚΠ
1840 J. Paxton Pocket Bot. Dict. Shield, a broad table-like process in the flowers of Stapelia.
c. One of the cells forming the covering to the male organs of Characeæ.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > algae > [noun] > stoneworts > part or cell of
globule1828
nucule1830
capitulum1849
shield1875
stipulode1880
shield-cell1882
1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 284 Each of these cells forms a segment of the shell of the ball, and they are hence called Shields.
13. Embryology. (See quot. 1913.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > embryo or fetus > embryo parts > [noun] > membrane and layers of cells
germinal layer1836
cell layer1843
mucous layer1846
germ layer1855
mesoblast1857
blastoderm1859
head fold1873
mesoderm1873
epiblast1875
hypoblast1875
splanchnopleure1875
mesenchyme1881
acroblast1884
mesothelium1886
epimere1890
mesectoderm1894
mesendoderm1894
cœloblast1895
placode1907
shield1913
mesentoderm1921
meristoderm1945
bilayer1962
1913 J. W. Jenkinson Vertebr. Embryol. 135 There is distinguishable in the blastoderm at the close of segmentation a circular or oval area placed excentrically towards the posterior end; this area is the embryonic shield.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > [noun] > sheet
shield1624
shota1650
ice raft1818
ice sheet1831
ice shelf1838
1624 Maldon (Essex) Court Deeds (Bundle 108, f. 9) Payd to Willyam Brand and Symon Crauford for breaking the sheilds of ice in the ryver..this last winter.
15.
a. A keyhole plate. ? Obsolete. [= German schild.] Cf. escutcheon n. 3c, scutcheon n.1 4e.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > parts of door > [noun] > door fittings > plate around keyhole
key platec1520
shield1649
escutcheon1663
scutcheon1706
1649 in W. Mure Select. Family Papers Caldwell (1854) I. For ane lock and sheild to ye new chalmer dore of Cauldwell 3 2 0.
b. Cutlery. A small metal (usually ‘German silver’) plate fixed on the handle of a penknife or pocket-knife, for ornament or to be engraved with the owner's name.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > knife > [noun] > pocket-knife > parts of
nail-hole1839
kick1864
shield1876
1876 Callis Cutlery (Brit. Manuf. Industr.) 163 About 1730 engraving of the shields and bolsters of pen and pocket knives..was commenced.
c. (See quot. 1870.)
ΚΠ
1870 C. C. Black tr. A. Demmin Weapons of War 369 The flat piece of metal which is sometimes affixed to the bottom of the hilt is called a shield.
d. A policeman's badge of office. U.S.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > law enforcement > police force or the police > [noun] > police insignia
star1830
chevron1868
shield1903
potsy1932
tin1949
1903 N.Y. Evening Post 29 Oct. 3 The ex-policeman who turned in his shield in September.
1906 N.Y. Evening Post 16 Feb. 2 [They] stated that they were detectives, both showing him shields in support of their claim.
1956 ‘E. McBain’ Cop Hater iii. 18 Why don't you turn in your shield? Become a hackie or something?
1970 E. R. Johnson God Keepers xv. 167 Nobody said that a detective rating..and a shield provided detectives with all the right answers.
16.
a. gen. A flat or slightly convex surface more or less resembling a shield in shape.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > types of curvature > [noun] > thing or part in other curved shapes
heart1446
scutule1592
figure (of) eight1607
parenthesis1608
scallop1609
curvilineal1636
stirrup1684
pelecoid1706
shield1849
pretzel1919
jug handle1955
the world > space > shape > curvature > curved surface > [noun] > convexity > convex surface or body
convex1626
umbrellac1770
shield1849
1849 J. Ruskin Seven Lamps Archit. ii. 53 The shield of stone which, usually supported by a central pillar, occupied the head of early windows.
1873 A. I. Thackeray Old Kensington xii. 100 A faded Italian shield of looking-glass.
b. A shield-shaped centre of a chair-back.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > seat > chair > [noun] > parts of chairs > back > type of
splat1833
yoke back1835
fiddle-back1890
shield1897
comb-back1901
spoon-back1909
1897 [see shield-back adj. at Compounds 2a].
17. A fancy breed of pigeons, of various colours.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > domestic pigeon > [noun] > other types
porcelainc1530
turn-pate1611
light horseman1661
runt1661
smiter1668
helmet1676
mammet1678
Cortbeck1688
turbit1688
turner1688
dragoon1725
finicking1725
Leghorn1725
nun1725
owl1725
petit1725
trumpeter1725
horseman1735
Mahomet1735
barbel1736
turn-tail1736
frill-back1765
blue rock1825
beard1826
ice pigeon1829
toy1831
black1839
skinnum1839
splash1851
whole-feather1851
spangle1854
swallow1854
shield1855
stork pigeon1855
Swabian1855
yellow1855
archangel1867
dragon1867
starling1867
magpie1868
smerle1869
bluette1870
cumulet1876
oriental1876
spot fairy1876
turbiteen1876
blondinette1879
hyacinth1879
Modena pigeon1879
silver-dun1879
silverette1879
silver-mealy1879
swift pigeon1879
Victoria1879
visor1879
ice1881
swallow pigeon1881
velvet fairy1881
priesta1889
frill1890
1855 Poultry Chron. 3 140/1 (table) Toys, or any other Variety [of pigeon] not mentioned above; such as Suabians.., Shields, Swiss, &c.
1868 W. B. Tegetmeier Pigeons xxi. 174 The Shields are so termed from bearing on their wings a coloured mark like a shield, on a white ground.
1874–6 Fulton's Bk. Pigeons 352 Shields. The colours of these are Black, Red, Yellow, Blue, and Silver. They are invariably plain-headed birds.
18. Physical Geography.
a. A large, seismically stable mass of Archaean basement rock having the form of a flat or gently convex peneplained platform and usually forming the nucleus of a continent. Frequently with capital initial in proper names, as Baltic Shield, Canadian Shield. [translating German schild (introduced in this sense by E. Suess Das Antlitz der Erde (1888) II. iii. ii. 42).] In quot. 1968 elliptical for Canadian Shield.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > [noun] > fundamental complex > shield or platform
shield1906
platform1908
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > [noun] > fundamental complex > shield or platform > specific
Baltic Shield1906
1906 H. B. C. Sollas & W. J. Sollas tr. E. Suess Face of Earth II. iii. ii. 30 The whole of the north-east of America, from the mouth of the St. Lawrence to that of the Mackenzie..belongs to a broad table-land of horizontal Palaeozoic beds, from beneath which the Archaean foundation crops out in the middle of the table-land not unlike a flat shield. This Archaean shield is thus surrounded by a ring of horizontally stratified sediments... It is to the exposed Archaean surface that we give the name of the Canadian shield.
1906 H. B. C. Sollas & W. J. Sollas tr. E. Suess Face of Earth II. iii. ii. 76 East of the glint lies the Archaean table-land of the gulf of Bothnia; that is, the Baltic shield.
1915 C. Schuchert Text-bk. Geol. II. xxi. 461 Most of the present continents have been formed around ancient protuberances of the lithosphere, the nuclear lands or shields.
1939 A. K. Lobeck Geomorphol. i. 4 Suess showed that certain substantial areas of the earth have always been rigid and unyielding, as, for example, the Canadian and Baltic Shields of America and Europe, the eastern Siberia Shield of Asia, [etc.].
1963 D. W. Humphries & E. E. Humphries tr. H. Termier & G. Termier Erosion & Sedimentation ii. 40 The ancient shields, which are also called ‘old platforms’, are none other than peneplains which have almost attained a final form.
1968 Beaver Autumn 14/1 He was with the voyageurs somewhere out in the bush covering some historic route over the Shield.
1969 G. M. Bennison & A. E. Wright Geol. Hist. Brit. Isles iii. 41 Before the break up of the continents the Lewisian rocks were probably contiguous with the Canadian-Greenland shield, one of the original continental cores.
1971 I. G. Gass et al. Understanding Earth iii. 55/1 The oldest continental regions, the Precambrian Shields, are often dominated by igneous rocks such as granite or by highly metamorphosed rocks such as gneiss.
b. The dome of a shield volcano.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > volcano > [noun] > cone or peak
pike1555
puy1827
cone1830
hornito1830
monticule1830
cinder-cone1849
parasitic cone1863
mud cone1868
piton1886
driblet cone1888
sommac1910
shield1937
1937 Bull. Volcanologique 1 94 Composite structures resulting from the accumulations of a series of shifting vents of shield type.
1943 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 241 241 On the north and northwest its great lava shield abuts against the dormant or extinct volcanoes of Mauna Kea and Hualalai, and on its southeastern slope rests the smaller, younger shield of Kilauea volcano.
1976 Sci. Amer. Jan. 33/2 Olympus Mons is enormous by terrestrial standards. Its shield is between 500 and 600 kilometers across, some five times larger than the largest shield on the earth.
Compounds
Combinations. C1. Obvious combinations:
a. simple attributive.
(a)
shield-boss n.
ΚΠ
1910 G. Henderson Norse Influence on Celtic Scotl. ii. 42 Sword-axe, shield-boss and cauldron.
shield-boy n.
ΚΠ
1608 T. Middleton Your Fiue Gallants sig. H3 Torch-bearers and sheeld-boies.
shield-man n.
ΚΠ
1892 H. R. Haggard Nada the Lily xxv. 210 Close up, shield-men—close up!
(b) (Sense 15d.)
shield number n.
ΚΠ
1972 J. Gores Dead Skip i. 8 The policeman..repeated his name, adding his shield number.
b. objective.
(a)
shield-bearing n.
ΚΠ
1824 J. Symmons tr. Æschylus Agamemnon 64 Many proud shield-bearing men.
shield-losing n.
ΚΠ
1848 B. D. Walsh tr. Aristophanes Clouds i. iv When they saw the shield-losing Cleónymus.
shield-maker n.
ΚΠ
14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 686/19 Hic scutarius, a scheldmaker.
1908 H. R. Haggard Ghost Kings xviii. 260 I have sold the hides to the shield-makers.
(b)
shield-breaking n. and adj.
ΚΠ
1867 Ld. Tennyson Passing of Arthur 109 Shield-breakings, and the clash of brands.
1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad II. xxi. 485 Shield-breaking Mars began the assault.
c.
(a) similative.
shield-form adj.
ΚΠ
1784 tr. L. Spallanzani Diss. Nat. Hist. II. 275 The pumpion with shield-form fruit.
a1836 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XXIII. 640/2 Of the three [laminae] between the eyes, the central is shield-form.
shield-formed adj.
ΚΠ
1822 J. Parkinson Outl. Oryctol. 108 Clipeus. Round, shield-formed... Scutum. Angular or ovate shield-formed.
1835 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XXIII. 640/1 The central lamina of the three between the edges shield-formed and acuminate.
shield-like adj.
ΚΠ
1552 N. Udall tr. T. Gemini Compend. Anat. C j The patyll or the kne bone, called of some men the shyldelyke bone.
1877 T. H. Huxley Man. Anat. Invertebrated Animals v. 227 Flat shield-like processes.
shield-shaped adj.
ΚΠ
1601 J. Weever Mirror of Martyrs sig. C8v If euer sheild-shapt Comet was portent Of Criticke day, foule and pernitious.
1839 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. (ed. 3) iii. 448 Shield-shaped (clypeatus).
1857 A. Gray First Lessons Bot. (1866) Gloss.
(b) parasynthetic.
shield-backed adj.
ΚΠ
1880 E. Glaister Needlework viii. 86 Shield-backed chairs of the Regency fashion.
1895 J. H. Comstock & A. B. Comstock Man. Study Insects 115 The Shield-backed Grasshoppers.
1895 J. H. Comstock & A. B. Comstock Man. Study Insects 146 The Shield-backed Bugs.
shield-gilled adj.
ΚΠ
1861 P. P. Carpenter in Rep. Smithsonian Inst. 1860 211 Order Scutibranchiata. (Shield-gilled Crawlers).
shield-headed adj.
ΚΠ
1854 A. Adams et al. Man. Nat. Hist. 307 Shield-headed Fish-Parasites (Peltocephala).
C2.
a. Special combinations:† shield-bone n. Obsolete a shoulder blade.† shield-knave n. Obsolete = German schildknabe) = shield-bearer n.† shield-work n. Obsolete embroidery in the form of shields.
shield-arm n. the left arm (cf. shield-hand n.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > arm > [noun]
armeOE
brawna1382
hand?a1425
branch1594
bridle arm1622
shield-arm1640
smiter1673
sword-arm1687
fin1785
pistol arm1800
spade-arm1804
pinion1848
liver wing1855
bow-arm1860
meathook1919
gun1973
1640 tr. G. S. du Verdier Love & Armes Greeke Princes iii. xv. 58 A great gash in his shield arm.
shield-back adj. having a shield-shaped back.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > seat > chair > [adjective] > types of chair
caned1696
rush-bottomed1696
rush-bottom1729
roundabout chair1741
leather-bottomed1783
stick-back1783
poker-backed1830
flag-bottomed1840
claw-footed1858
seatless1871
cane-bottomed1877
cane-seated1881
sag-seated1890
sit-up1891
slat-back1891
sag-bottomed1893
spindle-back1896
shield-back1897
Carver1902
basket-bodied1903
panel-back1904
Cromwellian1905
hooped-back1906
saddle-backed1910
hard-arsed1933
sling-back1948
X-frame1955
hard-arse1964
1897 K. W. Clouston Chippendale Period Eng. Furnit. 65 In the ‘shield back’ chair, which is Hepplewhite's favourite shape, the shield and its interior ornament making the splat never touch the seat of the chair at all.
1925 J. G. J. Penderel-Brodhurst & E. J. Layton Gloss. Eng. Furnit. Shield-Back Chair, one of the distinctive chair-backs of Hepplewhite, which became popular shortly before his death in 1786.
1939 Country Life 11 Feb. p. xxvii (advt.) Fine Antique Hepplewhite Mahogany Shield-back Arm Chair with attractively carved splats.
1978 Morecambe Guardian 14 Mar. 9/7 Other new items are shield-back dining chairs and matching carver chairs with loose drop-in seat.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > bony support for limbs > shoulder-girdle > [noun] > shoulder bone
shoulder bladea1300
shoulder bladea1300
shoulder-bonec1320
spauld-bonec1400
omoplate?a1425
scapple1578
scapula1578
shield-bonec1600
spade-bone1612
plate-bonea1665
speal-bone1771
blade-bone1845
c1600 Leg. Guy Warw. xxiv One of his sheeld-bones to this day Hangs in the citye of Coventrye.
shield-bud n. a bud and a portion of the bark surrounding it used in grafting.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > propagation of plants > [noun] > by cuttings > cutting or slip > for grafting
imp1377
graffa1398
talionc1440
graft1483
slip1495
set1513
wedge?1523
scutcheon1572
shield1572
truncheon1572
breeder1601
scion1612
escutcheon1658
slit-graft1706
graffshoot1860
shield-bud1891
1891 L. H. Bailey Nursery-bk. (1896) 95 This [style of budding] is known as shield-budding..A shield-bud is shown natural size.
shield-budding n. the operation of grafting such a bud.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > propagation of plants > [noun] > grafting > grafting by budding
inoculation?1440
inoculating1598
oculation1611
budding1719
shield-budding1842
tube-budding1842
1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 301 All the different modes of budding may be reduced to two:—shield-budding..and flute-budding.
shield-cartilage n. = thyroid adj. 1a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > structural parts > cartilage > cartilage of specific parts > [noun] > of neck or throat
ringbonec1400
ring?a1425
lavell1530
epiglot1547
flap?1550
weezle1594
cricoid1615
epiglottis1615
over-tongue1615
ring-gristle1615
shield-gristle1615
throat stopper1661
guggle1680
throat flap1683
ring cartilage1690
fillet1693
thyroid cartilage1726
thyroid1840
arytenoid1849
shield-cartilage1881
triticeous cartilage or nodule1891
1881 E. Behnke Mechanism Human Voice (ed. 2) 51 Shield (Thyroid) Cartilage.
shield-cell n. Botany one of the component cells of the reproductive organ in Characeæ.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > algae > [noun] > stoneworts > part or cell of
globule1828
nucule1830
capitulum1849
shield1875
stipulode1880
shield-cell1882
1882 R. Bentley Man. Bot. (ed. 4) i. v. 381 The globule..consists of eight valves, or, as they have been termed, shield-cells.
shield-gristle n. = thyroid adj. 1a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > structural parts > cartilage > cartilage of specific parts > [noun] > of neck or throat
ringbonec1400
ring?a1425
lavell1530
epiglot1547
flap?1550
weezle1594
cricoid1615
epiglottis1615
over-tongue1615
ring-gristle1615
shield-gristle1615
throat stopper1661
guggle1680
throat flap1683
ring cartilage1690
fillet1693
thyroid cartilage1726
thyroid1840
arytenoid1849
shield-cartilage1881
triticeous cartilage or nodule1891
1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 636 The first is called in Greeke θυροειδής the Shield-Gristle.
shield-guard n. a form of trigger-guard used by some continental manufacturers of shot guns and rifles.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > parts and fittings of firearms > [noun] > trigger > trigger-guard
guard1688
trigger-guard1859
bow1881
shield-guard1892
1892 W. W. Greener Breech-loader 84 The shield-guard, or horn before guard.
shield-hand n. an alleged ancient designation for the left hand (cf. shield-arm n.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > extremities > hand > [noun] > left hand
winstereOE
left handc1275
bridle hand?1561
bow-hand1598
buckler-hand1676
rein hand1738
sinister1770
southpaw1813
ciotóg1832
shield-hand1891
1891 D. Wilson Right Hand 202 The recognition of the shield-hand..has already been referred to as one familiar to the ancient Greek and Roman.
shield-hedge n. = shield-wall n.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > formation > [noun] > compact formation > shield-wall or testudo
pavisea1460
target-fence1598
pavisade1600
target-roof1601
pavisado1609
tortoiseshella1661
testudoa1680
tortoise1697
shield-wall1880
shield-hedge1892
shield-ring1892
1892 H. R. Haggard Nada the Lily xxv. 210 Straight at the shield-hedge drove Umslopogaas.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > military servant > [noun] > weapon- or armour-bearer
scutifera1400
armourerc1405
harness-man1530
weapon-bearer1535
esquire1553
armour-bearer1560
harness-bearer1563
shield-bearer1603
shield-knave1627
Port-glaive1652
sword-bearer1660
selictar1684
1627 G. Hakewill Apologie iii. i. 153 Shieldknaue or Armour bearer to Charles the great.
shield-leaved adj. rare having peltate leaves.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > plant defined by leaves > [adjective] > having leaves of particular shape or size
broad-leaved1552
long-leaved1562
narrow-leaved1578
round-leaved1597
small-leaved1597
long-leafed1629
rosemary-leaved1633
rue-leaved1633
teretifolious1657
cut-leaved1731
longleaf1733
channel-leaved1758
halberd-shaped1770
alder-leaved1772
oak-leaved1776
holly-leaved1777
ivy-leaved1789
halberd-headed1795
daisy-leaved1796
narrow-leaf1804
oblique-leaved1807
sword-leaved1807
wing-leaved1822
flaggy1842
curly1845
macrophyllous1857
parvifolious1857
shield-leaved1860
curled1861
symphyllous1877
beak-leaved188.
stenophyllous1880
thread-leaved1884
megaphyllous1901
little leaf1908
ivy-leaf1909
1860 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters V. 11 An outer spray of any shield-leaved tree.
shield-lion n. a lion emblazoned upon a heraldic shield.Apparently an isolated use.
ΚΠ
1872 Ld. Tennyson Gareth & Lynette 75 Sir Lancelot, having swum the river-loops—His blue shield-lions cover'd—softly drew Behind the twain.
shield-maid n. = shieldmay n.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warrior > [noun] > female warrior
viragoa1387
Zamazima1400
warriorc1400
viragin1558
Amazon1578
barratress1582
warrioress1594
Amazonian1595
Amazonite1601
viragon1641
bellatrice1656
shield-maiden1849
shieldmay1849
shield-maid1851
fighteress1864
the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > mythical creature or object > [noun] > fabulous or mythical human > Valkyrie
Valkyrie1768
Valkyr1775
shield-maiden1849
shieldmay1849
shield-maid1851
wishmay1863
1851 B. Thorpe Northern Mythol. I. 156 The Valkyriur..are also called..Skialdmeyiar (shield-maids).
1889 R. B. Anderson tr. V. Rydberg Teutonic Mythol. 192 Shield-maids (amazons) occupy the position which in the original was held by giantesses.
shield-maiden n. = shieldmay n.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warrior > [noun] > female warrior
viragoa1387
Zamazima1400
warriorc1400
viragin1558
Amazon1578
barratress1582
warrioress1594
Amazonian1595
Amazonite1601
viragon1641
bellatrice1656
shield-maiden1849
shieldmay1849
shield-maid1851
fighteress1864
the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > mythical creature or object > [noun] > fabulous or mythical human > Valkyrie
Valkyrie1768
Valkyr1775
shield-maiden1849
shieldmay1849
shield-maid1851
wishmay1863
1849 J. M. Kemble Saxons in Eng. I. i. xii. 402 The Anglosaxon belief in the Shield-maidens.
1870 Morris Story of Volsungs ix A great company of shield-maidens.
shield-money n. = scutage n.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > payment or service to feudal superior > [noun] > payment in lieu of service > in lieu of military service > of knight
king geld1325
scuagec1450
scutagec1460
escuage1577
suitage1610
shield-money1877
1877 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People I. 164 To commute their service for sums payable to the royal treasury under the name of ‘scutage’ or shield-money.
shield-pin n. a safety-pin.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > pin or peg > safety-pin
safety pin1822
shield-pin1883
nappy pin1966
1883 H. P. Spofford in Harper's Mag. Mar. 576/2 They are..shield-pins, and couldn't prick her if they tried.
shield-plate n. Zoology ? = scute n.1 4.
ΚΠ
1855 P. H. Gosse Man. Marine Zool. I. 99 Cephalana. Segments equally provided with appendages; no shield-plates.
shield-ring n. = shield-wall n.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > formation > [noun] > compact formation > shield-wall or testudo
pavisea1460
target-fence1598
pavisade1600
target-roof1601
pavisado1609
tortoiseshella1661
testudoa1680
tortoise1697
shield-wall1880
shield-hedge1892
shield-ring1892
1892 H. R. Haggard Nada the Lily xxv. 210 The shield-ring wheels in upon itself.
shield-ship n. (see ).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > war vessel > [noun] > vessel with movable gun-shields
shield-ship1875
1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Shield-ship, one carrying movable shields to protect the heavy guns except at the moment of firing.
shield volcano n. [translating German schildvulkan (H. Reck 1910, in Geol. u. palæont. Abhandl. IX. 84)] a volcano having the form of a very broad dome with gently sloping sides, characteristic of the eruption of basic lavas of low viscosity.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > volcano > [noun]
Vulcan?a1425
volcan1577
volcano1613
furnace1660
volcanello1669
volcano mountain1693
pseudo-volcano1794
mud volcano1816
salse1831
stratovolcano1894
shield volcano1911
1911 Geol. Mag. 8 59 The so-called ‘Schild’ volcanoes in Iceland.]
1911 Geogr. Jrnl. 37 666 These shield-volcanoes rise from a roundish base, with a gently convex surface surmounted by an elevated ring surrounding the crater.
1944 A. Holmes Princ. Physical Geol. xx. 457 Hawaii..has been built up from the sea floor by the coalescence of several shield volcanoes.
1977 Whitaker's Almanack 1037/1 The Isla Fernandina is the summit of a very large shield volcano rising from the sea floor to 1,495 metres above sea-level.
shield-wall n. [Old English scildweall] archaic the interlocked shields of a body of men fighting on foot.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > formation > [noun] > compact formation > shield-wall or testudo
pavisea1460
target-fence1598
pavisade1600
target-roof1601
pavisado1609
tortoiseshella1661
testudoa1680
tortoise1697
shield-wall1880
shield-hedge1892
shield-ring1892
OE Beowulf 3118 Þonne stræla storm strengum gebæded scoc ofer scildweall.
1880 Ld. Tennyson Battle of Brunanburh i He with his brother..Brake the shield-wall.
ΚΠ
a1661 B. Holyday tr. Juvenal Satyres (1673) 22 His gown is all Shield-work on azure [L. cærulea indutus scutulata].
b. In book-names (chiefly translations from modern Latin) of animals, birds and insects, with reference to shield-like markings, or to the shield-like character or form of the scute or carapace.
shield animalcule n.
ΚΠ
1854 A. Adams et al. Man. Nat. Hist. 371 Shield-Animal~cules (Aspidiscidæ).
shield beetle n.
ΚΠ
1847 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 8 410 Cassida nebulosa. The Clouded Shield-Beetle.
1854 A. Adams et al. Man. Nat. Hist. 196 Shield-Beetles (Cossyphidæ).
shield bug n.
ΚΠ
1882 Cassell's Nat. Hist. VI. 104 Scutata, or Shield Bugs.
shield louse n.
ΚΠ
1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 303 Cochineal..was proved by the observations of Lewenhoeck to be.. the female of that species of shield-louse, or coccus, discovered in Mexico, so long ago as 1518.
shield reptile n.
ΚΠ
1855 J. E. Gray (title) Catalogue of the Shield Reptiles in..the British Museum.
shield shrimp n.
ΚΠ
1850 A. White List Specim. Crustacea Brit. Mus. 84 Apus cancriformis. Shield-Shrimp.
shield slater n.
ΚΠ
1870 H. A. Nicholson Man. Zool. (1875) xxxiv. 253 The Shield-slaters (Cassidina).
shield snake n. a venomous southern African snake, Aspidelaps scutatus, distinguished by a large scale on its head.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Ophidia (snakes) > types of snake > [noun] > family Elapidae or Najidae > miscellaneous types of
grey snake1703
copperhead1878
shield snake1910
taipan1933
1910 F. W. Fitzsimons Snakes S. Afr. iv. 84 This snake is known as the Shield Snake, because it has a large scale on its nose which is partly detached at the sides.
1973 Standard Encycl. Southern Afr. IX. 613/1 The shield-snake is egg-laying.
shield tail n.
ΚΠ
1863 J. G. Wood Illustr. Nat. Hist. (new ed.) III. 70 The Philippine Shield-tail (Uropeltis Philippinus).
shield urchin n.
ΚΠ
1854 A. Adams et al. Man. Nat. Hist. 331 Shield-Urchins (Scutellidæ).
1896 J. W. Kirkaldy & E. C. Pollard tr. J. E. V. Boas Text Bk. Zool. 138 Shield-urchins or Clypeastridæ.
c. In book-names of plants.
shield-fern n. various forms of the genus Aspidium.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > ferns > [noun] > other ferns
mountain parsley1578
female fern1597
rock parsley1597
spleenwort1597
marsh fern1686
prickly fern1764
parsley fern1777
sensitive fern1780
lady fern1783
stone-brake1796
mountain fern1800
rock brake1802
walking leaf1811
todea1813
shield-fern1814
Woodsia1815
mangemange1817
cinnamon fern1818
climbing fern1818
bladder-fern1828
king fern1829
filmy fern1830
ostrich fern1833
New York fern1843
mokimoki1844
rhizocarp1852
film-fern1855
nardoo1860
gymnogram1861
holly-fern1861
limestone-polypody1861
elk-horn1865
Gleichenia1865
lizard's herb1866
cliff brake1867
kidney fern1867
Christmas fern1873
Prince of Wales feathers1873
Christmas shield fern1878
buckler-fern1882
crape-fern1882
stag-horn1882
ladder fern1884
oleander fern1884
stag fern1884
resam1889
lip-fern1890
coral-fern1898
bamboo fern1930
pteroid1949
fern-gale-
1814 F. Pursh Flora Amer. Septentrionalis II. 709 Shield-fern. Aspidium.
1817 Purton Brit. Plants II. 506 Aspidium filix mas. Common Hedge Shield-fern.
1817 Purton Brit. Plants II. 508 Aspidium Thelypteris. Marsh Shield-fern.
1817 Purton Brit. Plants II. 508 Aspidium Oreopteris. Heath Shield-fern.
1889 Hardwicke's Sci.-gossip 25 46/2 Male shield fern.
shield-flower n. any plant of the genus Aspidistra.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > foliage, house, or garden plants > [noun] > aspidistra
aspidistra1822
shield-flower1884
1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants 125/1 Shield-flower. The genus Aspidistra.
Draft additions 1993
Astronomy. (With capital initial.) The constellation Scutum. Formerly in full Sobieski's Shield n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > constellation > Northern constellations > [noun] > Scutum
scutum1773
Sobieski's Shield1773
shield1960
1928 Funk & Wagnalls New Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. Shield of Sobieski.]
1960 P. Moore Guide to Stars v. 51 Adjoining it [sc. Aquila] is one of the modern groups—Scutum, the Shield, which contains a magnificent star-cluster known popularly as the Wild Duck.
1979 R. Kerrod Stars & Planets 38/2 Scutum, the Shield, is another tiny constellation, and because it straddles the Milky Way it has rich star fields and is a fine region to sweep with binoculars.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
shieldv.
/ʃiːld/, U.S. /ʃild/ 1.
a. transitive. To protect (a person or object) by the interposition of some means of defence; to afford shelter to; to protect (an accused person, etc.) by authority or influence. Const. from, †of, also (Old English and early Middle English) †with.Often used in precatory formulas: cf. 5.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > protect or defend [verb (transitive)]
shieldc825
frithc893
werea900
i-schield971
berghOE
biwerec1000
grithc1000
witec1000
keepc1175
burghena1225
ward?c1225
hilla1240
warrantc1275
witiec1275
forhilla1300
umshadea1300
defendc1325
fendc1330
to hold in or to warrantc1330
bielda1350
warisha1375
succoura1387
defencea1398
shrouda1400
umbeshadow14..
shelvec1425
targec1430
protect?1435
obumber?1440
thorn1483
warrantise1490
charea1500
safeguard1501
heild?a1513
shend1530
warrant1530
shadow1548
fence1577
safekeep1588
bucklera1593
counterguard1594
save1595
tara1612
target1611
screenc1613
pre-arm1615
custodite1657
shelter1667
to guard against1725
cushion1836
enshield1855
mind1924
buffer1958
c825 Vesp. Ps. xc. 14 Ic..gescildu hine [L. protegam eum].
OE Beowulf 1658 Ætrihte wæs guð getwæfed, nymðe mec God scylde.
c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 238 Scilde hine wiþ cyle.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 53 Þe feder and þe sune and þe halie gast iscilde us þer wið and wið alle sunnen.
c1200 Vices & Virtues (1888) 23 Ðe ðie muȝen scilden fram ðese ȝewerȝede gaste(s).
12.. Moral Ode (Egerton MS.) 299 Sculde him elc man þe wile he mai, of þos helle þine.
c1290 St. Brandan 559 in S. Eng. Leg. 235 Seint Brendan seide, þoruȝ godes grace we schullen schilde þe.
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 7355 Mercurius, þat vs saues & schildes, Haþ vs brought vnto þys yldes.
c1386 G. Chaucer Sir Thopas 197 God shilde his cors fro shonde.
c1403 T. Clanvowe Cuckoo & Nightingale 259 And shilde us fro the Cukkow and his lore.
?1566 J. Phillip Commodye Pacient & Meeke Grissill sig. G.iii Besechinge God to sheild thee from all in conuenience.
1575 G. Gascoigne Glasse of Gouernem. 1st Chorus sig. Ciii So must the father shylde His youthfull Sonnes, that they be not beguylde.
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 39 Thow shalt bee shielded with my protection alway.
1605 G. Chapman et al. Eastward Hoe i. sig. A2v And as for my rising by other mens fall; God shield me.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals ix, in tr. Virgil Wks. 42 If the kinder Pow'rs Preserve our Plains, and shield the Mantuan Tow'rs.
1812 J. Wilson Isle of Palms iii. 140 For there was a power in the gracious skies To shield their saints from ill.
1828 S. T. Coleridge Christabel (rev. ed.) i, in Poet. Wks. II. 54 O shield her! shield sweet Christabel!
1861 O. W. Holmes Agnes v. 10 The love that won her girlish charms Must shield her matron fame.
1892 Photogr. Ann. II. 406 The sky shade attached, to shield the lens from the sun's rays.
b. = screen v. 4. Const. from, against. Also absol.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > emit [verb (transitive)] > shield from
screen1831
shield1922
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > prevention of interference > provide with safeguards [verb (transitive)]
protect1875
shield1970
1922 Wireless World 1 July 416/1 The high amplifications possible with multi-stage valve receivers..lead to unexpected results when endeavouring to shield instruments from radio frequency fields.
1935 F. E. Terman Measurements in Radio Engin. xiv. 342 There are circumstances when it is desirable to shield against electrostatic fields without interfering in any way with the magnetic fields which are present.
1970 J. Shepherd et al. Higher Electr. Engin. (ed. 2) vii. 226 Sometimes sufficient shielding can be obtained by a few short-circuited copper turns, placed round the object to be shielded in such a direction that the axis of the turns is in the direction of the magnetic field.
2. absol. To offer a defence, to act as a shield.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > offer protection or defence [verb (intransitive)]
shieldc888
c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xviii. §4 Ac siððan he his hispinge gehered hæfde, þa scylde he ongean swiðe ungeþyldelice.
c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 440 Þer he busked hym a bour, þe best þat he myȝt..For to schylde fro the schene, oþer any schade kest.
1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto VIII cvi. 164 The truly brave, When they behold the brave oppressed with odds, Are touched with a desire to shield and save.
1849 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1866) 1st Ser. xxi. 348 A desire to shield from pain.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > shield > arm with shield [verb (transitive)]
shieldc1275
embracec1300
pavise1489
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2360 Brenne wes swiðe wrað. & bannede is ferde scheldede his scalken.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur viii. xxxix. 333 Whan sir Tristram was..wel shelded and swerded.
1667 Third Advice in Second & Third Advice to Painter 22 But neither riding Pegasus for speed, Nor with the Gorgon shielded at his need.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > escape > escape from [verb (transitive)] > ward off harm
withhold13..
defendc1330
to bear offc1380
withstand1398
shielda1400
repela1450
to keep off1548
repulse1560
warda1586
fence1589
shelter1621
ward1759
fend-off1830
to fend back1877
a1400 Leg. Rood viii. 259 God schop me a scheld, schame to schilde.
a1599 E. Spenser View State Ireland 36 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) They brought with them their usuall weedes, fit to sheild the cold.
1657 tr. J. Buccardus Prayse of Peireskius in W. Rand tr. P. Gassendi Mirrour of Nobility 253 Whose favours Peireskius made use of only in deprecating and shielding of, the dangers and discommodities of his friends.
1771 O. Goldsmith Hist. Eng. II. 259 He saw only one method of shielding off the miseries that threatened the state.
1788 Massachusetts Spy 23 Oct. 2/1 The reason why the poison did not prove fatal,..is supposed to be owing to her being bit through the cloth, which shielded much of the poison from her hand.
1822 ‘B. Cornwall’ Lysander & Ione in Poet. Wks. i As though A spirit of goodness peep'd from out the earth To shield decay.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > request > protesting or remonstrance > expressions of remonstrance [phrase]
God, Heaven, the Lord forbid?c1225
God shield1297
God shend1530
God forshield (that‥)a1549
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 1347 Þat he in þine bendes come god it ssilde me.
c1386 G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale 20 God shilde that it sholde so bifalle.
a1400–50 Wars Alex. 3521 Bot me to do slike a dede, driȝtin it schilde!
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1776 ‘God schylde,’ quoþ þe schalk, ‘þat schal not befalle!’
1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. July 9 Ah God shield, man, that I should clime.
?1589 T. Nashe Almond for Parrat E 3 Bishops were the smallest bugs that were aimed at in this extraordinary beneuolence, God shield the court haue escapt their collections.
1596 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) xii. lxxii. 298 No Clarke will so expound that Text, God shield they should, say I.
1674 T. Blount Glossographia (ed. 4)
Draft additions March 2017
transitive. Physics. To enclose or contain (a radioactive source) within a layer of material to prevent or reduce the escape of ionizing radiation.
ΚΠ
1913 Lancet 22 Mar. 818/1 External and internal applications of radium were commenced; the external applications were shielded by a sheet of silver half a millimetre in thickness, the internal by a thin sheet of aluminium.
1934 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 147 444 This shutter shielded the [β-ray] source until the piston had fallen through about half its stroke.
1990 S. King Stand (rev. ed.) iii. lxx. 1033 They shielded all that stuff, shielded it with lead.
2006 San Diego Union-Tribune (Nexis) 14 Sept. (Business and Financial News section) The CAARS technology will detect..uranium and plutonium, even when they are shielded by lead or other dense materials.
Draft additions July 2020
a. intransitive. To protect or defend oneself.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > offer protection or defence [verb (intransitive)] > defend oneself
fend1573
to stand upon one's safeguard1577
shield1692
1692 Life William Fuller 14 Though he seemingly let fly only at the Squire, he let some chance drubs fall upon the Knights Shoulders, till master and man, to shield from this new Assailant, drew off at some distance.
1867 E. Rees & C. W. Rees Condensed Chron. Great Rebellion U.S. 92 Shielding behind temporary works they meet another terrible assault of the enemy.
1997 Courier Mail (Brisbane) (Nexis) 6 Jan. Many older people also were shielding from the sun.
b. intransitive. spec. To take measures to protect oneself against an infection, esp. by avoiding direct contact with potentially infectious individuals or material.This sense became much more common after it was used in 2020 as part of an official U.K. recommendation in response to the Covid-19 pandemic, calling for those considered particularly at risk from the disease to self-isolate (see e.g. quot. 2020). Cf. self-isolate v., shelter in place v.
ΚΠ
1983 M. F. Gooding & B. Hughes Nursing School Entrance Exam. (ed. 9) ii. 255 ‘Shielding’ refers to avoiding bodily contact when exposure cannot be avoided (wearing a mask).
2014 C. Keane Modeling Behavior Complex Public Health Syst. iii. 67 We see healthy individuals near infected ones ‘learning’ to shield, for example, wash, when next to the few remaining infected persons.
2020 Hull Daily Mail (Nexis) 27 Mar. 24 Those who are shielding should stay at home, avoid contact with anyone showing symptoms of coronavirus and avoid all gatherings in public and private spaces and shopping.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
<
n.c825v.c825- recruitment
- recruitment agency
- recruitment campaign
- recruitment consultant
- recruitment drive
- recruitment effort
- recruitment office
- recruitment policy
- recruitment process
- recruitment service
- recruitments
- recruits
- recruitship
- recruity
- recrush
- recry
- recrystallisation
- recrystallisations
- recrystallise
- redtail monkey
- redtail parrot
- redtail shark
- redtail snapper
- redtail sucker
- redtail warbler