shrapneln.

Brit.

/ˈʃrapnl/, U.S.

/ˈʃræpnəl/

Forms: 1800s shrapnell, 1800s– shrapnel.

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Shrapnel.

Etymology: < the name of Major (later Major General) Henry Shrapnel (1761–1842), British army officer, who invented the shell in the 1790s.

1. A hollow projectile containing bullets and a small bursting charge, which, when fired by a time fuse, bursts the shell and scatters the contents in a shower; (also) such shells collectively. Now historical.The shell was invented by Henry Shrapnel, an artillery officer in the British army, in the 1790s; his proposal for its use was submitted to the Board of Ordnance in 1799 and approved in 1803. The term Shrapnel shell was adopted officially (in place of spherical case shot) in accordance with the Report of a Select Committee at Woolwich dated 11 June, 1852.

a. attributive or in the genitive, as Shrapnel shell, Shrapnel shot, etc.In later use with lower-case initial, understood as an ordinary attributive use of sense 1b.

ΚΠ

1806 Capt. J. F. Ogilvie in H. N. S. Shrapnel Petition House of Lords (1868) 14 The excellent effect of your Spherical Case (Shrapnel Shells).

1807 Sir R. Wilson in Life Gen. R. Wilson (1862) II. 148 If we had only some of Shrapnell's shot.

1809 Polit. Rev. July p. xvi Those new, ingenious instruments of wholesale murder, the Congreve rockets, and the Shrapnel shot.

1812 Lieut. Boucher in H. N. S. Shrapnel Petition House of Lords (1868) 10 The French complained much of the ‘Shrapnel Case Shot’.

1812 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) IX. 32 I enclose the answer which I have received from Marshal William Beresford..respecting the value of the spherical case shot called Shrapnell's shells.

1846 G. G. Meade Let. 27 Sept. in Life & Lett. (1913) I. 136 A piece of artillery was taken to pieces and carried up by hand to the summit, which piece..threw shrapnel shells..right into the palace.

1864 in F. Moore Rebellion Rec. (1868) XI. 500/1 General Martindale's sword was struck by a shrapnel shot and indented greatly.

1916 Daily Mail 29 Mar. 4/3 Shrapnel shell was unsuited to the disablement of aeroplanes.

1918 tr. L. Andreyev Seven that were Hanged i. ii. 111 A belated shrapnel-shot shrieked and burst, and everything grew still.

1944 Daily Tel. 22 Feb. 4/6 Most people know what a shrapnel shell (now temporarily obsolete) used to be.

2003 Eng. in Afr. 30 44 British cannon bombarded Nxele's men with shrapnel shell and ensured their rout.

b. In simple use as a count noun or mass noun.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > ammunition for firearms > [noun] > bullet or shell > shell > other types of shell

carcass1684

light ball1729

anchor ball1779

shrapnel1810

hollow shot1862

segment-shell1862

blind-shell1864

ring-shot1868

star shell1876

ring-shell1879

pipsqueak1900

Black Maria1914

coal box1914

crump1914

Jack Johnson1914

Archie1915

Little Willie1915

whizz-bang1915

woolly bear1915

fizzbang1916

five-ninea1918

ashcan1918

cream puff1918

sea-bag1918

pudding1919

G.I. can1929

flechette1961

1810 Morning Post 20 Oct. 3/2 A few guns, with shrapnells, were then immediately opened upon the village.

1826 J. B. Fraser Trav. & Adventures Persian Provinces xxi. 309 In the chief room there were a few hundred rounds of cannister-shot, with some English shrapnel and other shells.

1858 Maj. Singleton in H. N. S. Shrapnel Petition House of Lords (1868) 21 I ordered Shrapnel to be fired, which did great execution.

1877 Field Exercise Infantry (rev. ed.) 384 A slight earthen parapet is sufficient to protect men from the effects of Shrapnel.

1915 Everybody's Mag. Feb. 208 Hardly did I walk two or three steps than four or five shrapnels burst near me.

1957 H. Williamson Golden Vurgins (1963) ii. xviii. 234 Under them 18-pounder shrapnel, shedding sparks of burning fuses, tore screaming away east.

2003 M. Hoffmann tr. E. Jünger Storm of Steel (2004) 40 They deployed a gun hidden immediately behind their own lines that sent out little shrapnels.

2008 A. Iarocci Shoestring Soldiers iv. 85 The battalion was shelled intermittently with high explosive and shrapnel.

a. Fragments from shells or bombs. (Now the usual sense.)

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > ammunition for firearms > [noun] > bullet or shell > shell > shrapnel

shrapnel1914

shrap1918

1914 Highland Light Infantry Chron. Oct. 149/2 He was wounded on the mouth and ankle by a piece of shrapnel.

1916 Lancaster (Ohio) Daily Gaz. 27 Dec. 6/2 Sergeant Middlemiss wears dangling from his watchchain a charm in the form of a small jagged piece of shrapnel..[from] the bursting of a hand grenade.

1940 Notes & Queries 179 278/1 The public has chosen to ignore the facts that shrapnel shell has become obsolete and that anti-aircraft guns fire high-explosive only. In consequence the shell fragments which are at present descending upon its devoted head are unhesitatingly referred to by the public as ‘shrapnel’.

1946 Chambers's Jrnl. May 228/2 A viciously singing piece of shrapnel put his helmet straight for him.

1982 Times 21 June 4/5 One found a piece of shrapnel from the bomb in the pocket of his overalls.

2006 Reader's Digest Apr. 140 Sarver worried about the shrapnel from exploding mortars around him.

b. Small fragments of anything, esp. pieces of metal, resulting from an impact or explosion.

ΚΠ

1972 J. Tate Absences i. 6 I hear something coming, Something like a motorcycle, Something horrible with pistons awry, With camshafts about to fill the air With redhot razor-y shrapnel.

1983 Chicago Sun-Times 5 July 48 A Staten Island man was..torn apart by flying shrapnel from a metal garbage can he blew up with firecrackers.

1987 K. Lette Girls' Night Out (1989) 153 A bit of toenail shrapnel ricocheted across the room.

2010 Independent 19 Nov. 17/3 Shrapnel from the failed engine pierced the wing and damaged vital components.

3. slang.

a. Australian and New Zealand. In the First World War (1914–18): tattered French bank notes of low denomination. Now historical and rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > [noun] > coins and notes > of small denomination

fractional currency1863

shrapnel1918

1918 Aussie: Austral. Soldiers' Mag. Apr. 10 Seen shrapnel?.. Corse I 'ave... There was the dinkum stuff w'ich uster bust in the air... Then there was the other shrap which was those little, dirty patched-up pieces of paper we uster use fer money.

1919 W. H. Downing Digger Dial. 44 Shrapnel,..tattered French bank notes of small denominations.

b. Originally Australian and New Zealand. Coins, esp. copper coins, of low denomination; small change.Not used in the United States.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > [noun] > small coins collectively

single money1591

small coin1606

change1633

small change1679

grocery1721

smash1821

loose change1827

shrapnel1974

1974 R. H. Morrieson Predicament 238 ‘Anything in his pockets?’ ‘Nothing. Some matches and a few loose cigarettes. And about two bob in shrapnel.’

1977 Camera & Ciné Nov. 24 ‘I don't suppose you'd have a bit of shrapnel?’.. I shook fifty cents out of my purse and handed it to him.

2000 J. J. Connolly Layer Cake (2004) 106 I give my man about twenty-seven pence in shrapnel.

2010 J. McGregor Even Dogs (2011) ii. 35 Nearly out of shrapnel but there was no credit on his phone so it was all he could do.

Compounds

C1. General attributive, as (in sense 1) shrapnel barrage, shrapnel bullet, etc., (in sense 2a) shrapnel injury, shrapnel wound, etc. Cf. sense 1a.

ΚΠ

1852 tr. A. Görgei My Life & Acts in Hungary I. xlvi. 400 The brisk shrapnell-fire of these hostile divisions of artillery..rendered this attack difficult.

1854 F. A. Griffiths Artillerist's Man. (ed. 6) 82 The Shrapnell fuze.

1914 Machinery (Engin. ed.) 20 468 (title) Making shrapnel cases on the Cleveland automatic.

1918 G. Frankau Judgement of Valhalla 7 And floundered, torn and bleeding, Over trenches, through the wire, With the shrapnel-barrage leading To the prey of our desire.

1923 R. Kipling Irish Guards in Great War I. 222 A shrapnel-barrage fell also on the supports.

1930 E. Raymond Jesting Army i. vi. 93 The Gully Ravine..was being sprinkled with shrapnel bullets.

1940 Weekly Irish Times 15 June 14/2 [He] is in hospital in England suffering from shrapnel wounds.

1961 Noble Savage 4 236 The public buildings were filthy, pitted with shrapnel-scars.

1975 J. Cleary Safe House iv. 177 The walls were spattered with bullet and shrapnel marks.

2006 New Yorker 12 June 124/3 The patients include..shrapnel injuries, and dislocations.

2011 Guardian 26 July (G2 section) 13/2 Several of my wardmates were French soldiers whose bodies were covered in shrapnel wounds.

C2. Instrumental, typically with reference to damage inflicted by shrapnel, as shrapnel-crippled, shrapnel-damaged, shrapnel-scarred, etc.

ΚΠ

1909 ‘R. Dehan’ Dop Doctor xxx A dusty stretch of shrapnel-raked ground.

1919 B. W. Sinclair Burned Bridges xxvii. 274 Armless, legless men, halt and lame, gassed and shrapnel-scarred.

1936 Rotarian Nov. 28/1 Shrapnel-crippled men still hobble down the streets.

1963 Times 26 Jan. 9/7 The shrapnel-pitted town gateway.

1994 White Dwarf Mar. 32/1 The Doom Blaster lobs a thunderous barrage of shrapnel-packed shells.

2007 Guardian (Nexis) 6 Mar. Investigators examined the group's shrapnel-damaged vehicles.

Derivatives

† ˈshrapnelize v. Obsolete rare transitive to bombard as though with shrapnel.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > management of artillery > operate (artillery) [verb (transitive)] > bombard > assail with types of missile

rocket1794

shrapnelize1837

mitraille1844

grapeshot1876

shrapnel1901

whizz-bang1915

crump1916

1837 T. Hook in New Monthly Mag. 50 156 They were sweeping up the mud, and spooning it into a cart with an almost inevitable certainty of Shrapnelizing the ‘passing villagers’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	shrapnel
释义	shrapneln. Brit. /ˈʃrapnl/, U.S. /ˈʃræpnəl/ Forms: 1800s shrapnell, 1800s– shrapnel. Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Shrapnel. Etymology: < the name of Major (later Major General) Henry Shrapnel (1761–1842), British army officer, who invented the shell in the 1790s. 1. A hollow projectile containing bullets and a small bursting charge, which, when fired by a time fuse, bursts the shell and scatters the contents in a shower; (also) such shells collectively. Now historical.The shell was invented by Henry Shrapnel, an artillery officer in the British army, in the 1790s; his proposal for its use was submitted to the Board of Ordnance in 1799 and approved in 1803. The term Shrapnel shell was adopted officially (in place of spherical case shot) in accordance with the Report of a Select Committee at Woolwich dated 11 June, 1852. a. attributive or in the genitive, as Shrapnel shell, Shrapnel shot, etc.In later use with lower-case initial, understood as an ordinary attributive use of sense 1b. ΚΠ 1806 Capt. J. F. Ogilvie in H. N. S. Shrapnel Petition House of Lords (1868) 14 The excellent effect of your Spherical Case (Shrapnel Shells). 1807 Sir R. Wilson in Life Gen. R. Wilson (1862) II. 148 If we had only some of Shrapnell's shot. 1809 Polit. Rev. July p. xvi Those new, ingenious instruments of wholesale murder, the Congreve rockets, and the Shrapnel shot. 1812 Lieut. Boucher in H. N. S. Shrapnel Petition House of Lords (1868) 10 The French complained much of the ‘Shrapnel Case Shot’. 1812 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) IX. 32 I enclose the answer which I have received from Marshal William Beresford..respecting the value of the spherical case shot called Shrapnell's shells. 1846 G. G. Meade Let. 27 Sept. in Life & Lett. (1913) I. 136 A piece of artillery was taken to pieces and carried up by hand to the summit, which piece..threw shrapnel shells..right into the palace. 1864 in F. Moore Rebellion Rec. (1868) XI. 500/1 General Martindale's sword was struck by a shrapnel shot and indented greatly. 1916 Daily Mail 29 Mar. 4/3 Shrapnel shell was unsuited to the disablement of aeroplanes. 1918 tr. L. Andreyev Seven that were Hanged i. ii. 111 A belated shrapnel-shot shrieked and burst, and everything grew still. 1944 Daily Tel. 22 Feb. 4/6 Most people know what a shrapnel shell (now temporarily obsolete) used to be. 2003 Eng. in Afr. 30 44 British cannon bombarded Nxele's men with shrapnel shell and ensured their rout. b. In simple use as a count noun or mass noun. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > ammunition for firearms > [noun] > bullet or shell > shell > other types of shell carcass1684 light ball1729 anchor ball1779 shrapnel1810 hollow shot1862 segment-shell1862 blind-shell1864 ring-shot1868 star shell1876 ring-shell1879 pipsqueak1900 Black Maria1914 coal box1914 crump1914 Jack Johnson1914 Archie1915 Little Willie1915 whizz-bang1915 woolly bear1915 fizzbang1916 five-ninea1918 ashcan1918 cream puff1918 sea-bag1918 pudding1919 G.I. can1929 flechette1961 1810 Morning Post 20 Oct. 3/2 A few guns, with shrapnells, were then immediately opened upon the village. 1826 J. B. Fraser Trav. & Adventures Persian Provinces xxi. 309 In the chief room there were a few hundred rounds of cannister-shot, with some English shrapnel and other shells. 1858 Maj. Singleton in H. N. S. Shrapnel Petition House of Lords (1868) 21 I ordered Shrapnel to be fired, which did great execution. 1877 Field Exercise Infantry (rev. ed.) 384 A slight earthen parapet is sufficient to protect men from the effects of Shrapnel. 1915 Everybody's Mag. Feb. 208 Hardly did I walk two or three steps than four or five shrapnels burst near me. 1957 H. Williamson Golden Vurgins (1963) ii. xviii. 234 Under them 18-pounder shrapnel, shedding sparks of burning fuses, tore screaming away east. 2003 M. Hoffmann tr. E. Jünger Storm of Steel (2004) 40 They deployed a gun hidden immediately behind their own lines that sent out little shrapnels. 2008 A. Iarocci Shoestring Soldiers iv. 85 The battalion was shelled intermittently with high explosive and shrapnel. 2. a. Fragments from shells or bombs. (Now the usual sense.) ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > ammunition for firearms > [noun] > bullet or shell > shell > shrapnel shrapnel1914 shrap1918 1914 Highland Light Infantry Chron. Oct. 149/2 He was wounded on the mouth and ankle by a piece of shrapnel. 1916 Lancaster (Ohio) Daily Gaz. 27 Dec. 6/2 Sergeant Middlemiss wears dangling from his watchchain a charm in the form of a small jagged piece of shrapnel..[from] the bursting of a hand grenade. 1940 Notes & Queries 179 278/1 The public has chosen to ignore the facts that shrapnel shell has become obsolete and that anti-aircraft guns fire high-explosive only. In consequence the shell fragments which are at present descending upon its devoted head are unhesitatingly referred to by the public as ‘shrapnel’. 1946 Chambers's Jrnl. May 228/2 A viciously singing piece of shrapnel put his helmet straight for him. 1982 Times 21 June 4/5 One found a piece of shrapnel from the bomb in the pocket of his overalls. 2006 Reader's Digest Apr. 140 Sarver worried about the shrapnel from exploding mortars around him. b. Small fragments of anything, esp. pieces of metal, resulting from an impact or explosion. ΚΠ 1972 J. Tate Absences i. 6 I hear something coming, Something like a motorcycle, Something horrible with pistons awry, With camshafts about to fill the air With redhot razor-y shrapnel. 1983 Chicago Sun-Times 5 July 48 A Staten Island man was..torn apart by flying shrapnel from a metal garbage can he blew up with firecrackers. 1987 K. Lette Girls' Night Out (1989) 153 A bit of toenail shrapnel ricocheted across the room. 2010 Independent 19 Nov. 17/3 Shrapnel from the failed engine pierced the wing and damaged vital components. 3. slang. a. Australian and New Zealand. In the First World War (1914–18): tattered French bank notes of low denomination. Now historical and rare. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > [noun] > coins and notes > of small denomination fractional currency1863 shrapnel1918 1918 Aussie: Austral. Soldiers' Mag. Apr. 10 Seen shrapnel?.. Corse I 'ave... There was the dinkum stuff w'ich uster bust in the air... Then there was the other shrap which was those little, dirty patched-up pieces of paper we uster use fer money. 1919 W. H. Downing Digger Dial. 44 Shrapnel,..tattered French bank notes of small denominations. b. Originally Australian and New Zealand. Coins, esp. copper coins, of low denomination; small change.Not used in the United States. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > [noun] > small coins collectively single money1591 small coin1606 change1633 small change1679 grocery1721 smash1821 loose change1827 shrapnel1974 1974 R. H. Morrieson Predicament 238 ‘Anything in his pockets?’ ‘Nothing. Some matches and a few loose cigarettes. And about two bob in shrapnel.’ 1977 Camera & Ciné Nov. 24 ‘I don't suppose you'd have a bit of shrapnel?’.. I shook fifty cents out of my purse and handed it to him. 2000 J. J. Connolly Layer Cake (2004) 106 I give my man about twenty-seven pence in shrapnel. 2010 J. McGregor Even Dogs (2011) ii. 35 Nearly out of shrapnel but there was no credit on his phone so it was all he could do. Compounds C1. General attributive, as (in sense 1) shrapnel barrage, shrapnel bullet, etc., (in sense 2a) shrapnel injury, shrapnel wound, etc. Cf. sense 1a. ΚΠ 1852 tr. A. Görgei My Life & Acts in Hungary I. xlvi. 400 The brisk shrapnell-fire of these hostile divisions of artillery..rendered this attack difficult. 1854 F. A. Griffiths Artillerist's Man. (ed. 6) 82 The Shrapnell fuze. 1914 Machinery (Engin. ed.) 20 468 (title) Making shrapnel cases on the Cleveland automatic. 1918 G. Frankau Judgement of Valhalla 7 And floundered, torn and bleeding, Over trenches, through the wire, With the shrapnel-barrage leading To the prey of our desire. 1923 R. Kipling Irish Guards in Great War I. 222 A shrapnel-barrage fell also on the supports. 1930 E. Raymond Jesting Army i. vi. 93 The Gully Ravine..was being sprinkled with shrapnel bullets. 1940 Weekly Irish Times 15 June 14/2 [He] is in hospital in England suffering from shrapnel wounds. 1961 Noble Savage 4 236 The public buildings were filthy, pitted with shrapnel-scars. 1975 J. Cleary Safe House iv. 177 The walls were spattered with bullet and shrapnel marks. 2006 New Yorker 12 June 124/3 The patients include..shrapnel injuries, and dislocations. 2011 Guardian 26 July (G2 section) 13/2 Several of my wardmates were French soldiers whose bodies were covered in shrapnel wounds. C2. Instrumental, typically with reference to damage inflicted by shrapnel, as shrapnel-crippled, shrapnel-damaged, shrapnel-scarred, etc. ΚΠ 1909 ‘R. Dehan’ Dop Doctor xxx A dusty stretch of shrapnel-raked ground. 1919 B. W. Sinclair Burned Bridges xxvii. 274 Armless, legless men, halt and lame, gassed and shrapnel-scarred. 1936 Rotarian Nov. 28/1 Shrapnel-crippled men still hobble down the streets. 1963 Times 26 Jan. 9/7 The shrapnel-pitted town gateway. 1994 White Dwarf Mar. 32/1 The Doom Blaster lobs a thunderous barrage of shrapnel-packed shells. 2007 Guardian (Nexis) 6 Mar. Investigators examined the group's shrapnel-damaged vehicles. Derivatives † ˈshrapnelize v. Obsolete rare transitive to bombard as though with shrapnel. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > management of artillery > operate (artillery) [verb (transitive)] > bombard > assail with types of missile rocket1794 shrapnelize1837 mitraille1844 grapeshot1876 shrapnel1901 whizz-bang1915 crump1916 1837 T. Hook in New Monthly Mag. 50 156 They were sweeping up the mud, and spooning it into a cart with an almost inevitable certainty of Shrapnelizing the ‘passing villagers’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). shrapnelv. Brit. /ˈʃrapnl/, U.S. /ˈʃræpnəl/ Forms: see shrapnel n. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: shrapnel n. Etymology: < shrapnel n. Now chiefly historical. transitive. To bombard or injure with shrapnel. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > management of artillery > operate (artillery) [verb (transitive)] > bombard > assail with types of missile rocket1794 shrapnelize1837 mitraille1844 grapeshot1876 shrapnel1901 whizz-bang1915 crump1916 1901 Westm. Gaz. 2 Dec. 7/1 Our guns shrapnelled their advance. 1916 J. Masefield Gallipoli 91 Our men were shelled, sniped and shrapnelled every day and all day long. 1939 V. Holland tr. A. Arnoux in W. S. Maugham Tellers of Tales 1015 Jokes by soldiers..when they're getting rained on or trench-mortared or shrapnelled or gassed and taking it all as a jest. 1995 Daily Mail (Nexis) 15 May 75 In a huge innings at Lord's he shrapneled the wall above the radio commentary box. 1998 M. Hershberger Traveling to Vietnam 113 They would surely bring back reports of new air assaults and photos of children napalmed, shrapneled, and bombed. 2006 Manuwatu (N.Z.) Standard (Nexis) 23 Sept. 22 Wilkins was injured nine times: shot, shrapnelled, gassed, blown up and blasted out of the skies. Derivatives ˈshrapnelled adj. ΚΠ 1915 Brownwood (Texas) Bull. 14 Nov. 8/4 The shrapnelled cripple, the war widow and the fatherless children. 2006 L. A. Murray Biplane Houses 9 The shrapnelled sewer landscapes of Flanders. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1806v.1901
随便看	cannabis-related cannabisbased cannabisderived cannabises cannabisrelated cannabusiness cannabutter cannach cannachs cannae cannas canned canned air canned goods canned heat canned laughter canned willie cannel cannel coal cannel-bone cannel-nail cannelate cannelbone cannellini cannellini bean

shrapneln.

Compounds

Derivatives

shrapnelv.

Derivatives