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单词 shrewdly
释义

shrewdlyadv.

Brit. /ˈʃruːdli/, U.S. /ˈʃrudli/
Forms: see shrewd adj.; also 1500s scrodely, 1500s–1600s shrodly.
Etymology: < shrewd adj. + -ly suffix2.
1. Evilly, ill; wickedly; maliciously. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > [adverb]
noughtlyeOE
wrothec888
unrighteouslyeOE
foullyOE
naughtlyOE
wrothlyc1200
litherlya1225
unwraste?c1225
illc1275
vilelyc1290
shrewdly13..
felonly1303
unwrastlyc1320
viciouslya1325
diverselyc1325
wickly1338
lewdlyc1384
badlyc1405
foula1425
mischievouslyc1426
felonously1436
felonmentc1470
wickedfullyc1480
villainously1484
meschantlya1492
sinisterly1491
noughtily1528
naughtily?1529
perniciously1533
illy1549
naught1549
bad1575
evilly1581
nefariously1599
scelerately1632
improbously1657
piggishly1756
iniquitously1796
pervertedly1804
society > morality > moral evil > wickedness > [adverb]
wrothec888
litherlyc1050
foulOE
sinfullyc1175
quedelya1250
amissc1275
shrewdly13..
felonly1303
wickedly1303
wickc1330
wickly1338
lewdlyc1384
wickeda1400
mischievouslyc1426
felonously1436
felonmentc1470
wickedfullyc1480
villainously1484
meschantlya1492
sinisterly1491
naughtily?1529
perniciously1533
naughtly1575
unsela1583
nefariously1599
scelerately1632
improbously1657
queerly1699
13.. Pol. Songs (Camden) 326 He bithenketh him hu he may shrewedelichest worche.
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 2860 Alle wiþ herte grete, & shrewed-liche þai dede hym kulle.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. i. 16 Resteth to do shreudely, lerneth to do wel.
c1450 Godstow Reg. 324 He was ful ignorant wilfulli & shrewdeli.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xx. 313 To dye as cowardes shrewdely oon with-oute a-nother.
1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 620 Fals flaterers that..speke fayre before the and shrewdly behynde.
1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in Wks. 528/2 They may seme repentaunt openlye, and yet thinke in their heartes ful shrewdly.
2. Of wounding, hurting, cutting: Sharply, severely. Often in figurative context. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [adverb] > severely
sorelyOE
sorec1000
shrewdlyc1440
ungraciouslya1525
c1440 Alphabet of Tales 431 He..was shrewidlie wowndid with waspis & fleis.
c1480 (a1400) St. Juliana 80 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 426 Quhene we do nocht all his wil, he gerris dynge ws schreuytly.
1576 G. Gascoigne Steele Glas in Wks. (1910) II. 147 My battred braynes, (which now be shrewdly brusde).
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. vi. 224 Deepe debts are sharpe goads, and prick shreawdly.
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. iv. 1 The ayre bites shroudly [1603 shrewd], is it very colde.
1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida iii. iii. 221 I see my reputation is at stake, My fame is shrowdly gor'd. View more context for this quotation
1613 W. B. tr. S. Michaelis Admirable Hist. Penitent Woman 337 A stone..fell vpon his head, and did shrewdly cut him.
1658 W. Johnson tr. F. Würtz Surgeons Guid iii. ix. 244 A Gentleman had a fall with his horse, was shrewdly bruised on his left side.
1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. ii. iii. 99 I knew one shrewdly gor'd by a Bull.
3. Sharply, severely, harshly. Obsolete.
a. Of speech.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > harshness or severity > [adverb] > specifically of utterance
sharply1340
shrewdlyc1386
piquantly1691
c1386 G. Chaucer Summoner's Tale 530 Lo yet how shrewedly Vn-to my confessour to day he spak.
c1412 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 3514 A man..to Iulius Cesar ones Crabbidly seid, and schrewdly [etc.].
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 134/3 The mynysters answerden thou spakest shrewdly to ye wymen.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vii. vii. 134 Oft and richt schrewitly wald scho clepe and cry.
1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares To Rdr. This word Mummianiz'd in the beginning of my first Epistle is shrewdly called in question.
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Shrop. 16 Sir Roger..urged it [sc. falsehood] shrewdly against the Person, who in that place, first revived the Aspersion.
b. Of treatment.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > strictness > [adverb] > severely or sternly
sternlyc897
stitha1000
sterna1175
foulc1275
stithlya1300
steevely1340
austerely?a1400
smartlya1400
unsternlya1400
sore1484
shrewdly1490
dourlya1500
severely1548
roundly1567
severe1599
fiercely1611
piquantly1691
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > harshness or severity > [adverb]
sternlyc897
sharplyc900
stitha1000
hardlyOE
starklyOE
sterna1175
stithlya1300
hardilyc1300
ruggedlya1382
austerely?a1400
smartlya1400
unsternlya1400
acerbly?a1425
brussly1481
sore1484
shrewdly1490
dourlya1500
severely1548
roundly1567
severe1599
strictly1602
fiercely1611
Draconically1641
rugged1661
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) x. 257 He was a ferde lest he shold be yet more shreudely handlyd.
1589 R. Greene Ciceronis Amor 69 If I write sharpely blame me not that am vsed so shrowdlie.
1601 A. Dent Plaine Mans Path-way to Heauen 270 Some of Gods children..are shrewdly handled..and brought very lowe, euen vnto deaths doore.
1697 J. Potter Archæologiæ Græcæ I. i. ix. 47 Being of Opinion, that he had been Shrewdly handled by the Divine Vengeance.
4. Badly, ill, poorly. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) ii. xviii. 82 Thei..passen the gospel that j haue herd seyd in oure toun, and keepen it shrewedeliche.
1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 1210 Shroudly it doth accorde, To pyke out honesty of suche a potshorde.
1541 in State Papers Henry VIII (1830) I. 658 Ordre must be taken in tyme for the payment of the workmen, or elles they shal worke but shrewdly.
5.
a. Qualifying a word or phrase expressive of a painful or adverse condition, menacing or disquieting action, violent or oppressive treatment; passing into a mere intensive: Grievously, intensely, seriously.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > severity > [adverb]
heavilyc897
sharplyc900
hardeOE
sharpc1000
sorec1000
hardlyOE
etelichec1175
sorelyc1275
straita1300
sourc1300
grievously1303
drearilya1400
foullya1400
felly?c1400
snapelyc1420
durely1477
penallya1500
shrewlya1529
shrewdlyc1533
asperously1547
heinouslya1555
sensibly1613
instantly1638
shrowardly1664
severelya1682
atrociously1765
punishingly1839
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb] > extremely or exceedingly > specifically of something bad
sorea1300
grievously1340
terrible1490
beastly?1518
shrewdlyc1533
arrantly?1548
murrainly?1548
abominablea1550
pestilence1567
pestilently1567
cursedly1570
pestiferously1570
murrain1575
plaguey1584
plaguilya1586
grievous1598
scandalously1602
horridly1603
terribly1604
monstrously1611
hellish1614
dreadfullya1616
horrid1615
pestilenta1616
infernally1638
preposterously1661
woeful1684
confoundedly1694
confounded1709
glaringly1709
cursed1719
flagrantly1756
weary1790
disgustingly1804
filthy1827
blamed1833
peskily1833
pesky1833
blame1843
blasted1854
wickedly1858
blatantly1878
shamelessly1885
disgracefully1893
ruddy1913
bastarda1935
pissing1951
sodding1954
pissingly1971
α.
1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Oviv Most florishing and wealthie peoples beyng some of them shrewedely shaken.
a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) iv. iv. sig. G.j Then Trupenies fireforke will him shrewdly fray.
c1610–15 Life Holie Hilda in C. Horstmann Lives Women Saints (1886) 57 A greate number of birds alighting in her fields of corne, and deuouring it shrewdlie.
a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iii. v. 91 He's shrewdly vext at something. View more context for this quotation
1652 P. Heylyn Cosmographie i. sig. F2 A Famine, which shrewdly raged among the Commons.
1661 R. Boyle Some Consider. Style of Script. (1675) 220 To be shrewdly tempted to be a partial relator of them.
1687 W. Penn Good Advice to Church of Eng. 43 Shrewdly against the will of the high Church-men.
1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther iii. 81 Yet seem'd she not to winch, though shrewdly pain'd.
1710 Ld. Shaftesbury Soliloquy 146 Shrewdly disappointed.
1848 C. C. Clifford tr. Aristophanes Frogs 4 My shoulder acheth shrewdly.
1850 G. H. Boker Anne Boleyn i. i. 18 We shall be shrewdly cuffed.
1863 G. J. Whyte-Melville Gladiators xliv The attack of yesterday..must have shaken them shrewdly.
β. c1533 Sir W. Fitzwilliam in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1846) 3rd Ser. II. 284 Which happenyng shulde shrowdly discomfort her.1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden sig. O4v I haue brought him lowe, and shrowdly broken him.a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iii. vii. 148 These English are shrowdly out of Beefe. View more context for this quotation1622 in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1622–3 (1908) 57 Hee threatned us shrodly.1633 T. James Strange Voy. 78 The Ice did driue against the Ship, and shake her shrowdly.a1640 J. Day & H. Chettle Blind-beggar (1659) sig. H1 Hee's shrowdly frighted by this violence.1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine ii. i. 56 Shroudly shrubbing their branches.1673 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd ii. 73 Otherwise he would be shrowdly disappointed.
b. Intensely, immensely. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb]
stronglyeOE
felec950
strongeOE
highlyOE
highOE
greatlya1200
stourlya1225
greata1325
dreec1330
deeplya1400
mightya1400
dreichlyc1400
mighty?a1425
sorec1440
mainlyc1450
greatumly1456
madc1487
profoundly1489
stronglya1492
muchwhata1513
shrewlya1529
heapa1547
vengeance?1548
sorely1562
smartlyc1580
mightly1582
mightily1587
violently1601
intensively1604
almightily1612
violent1629
seriously1643
intensely1646
importunately1660
shrewdly1664
gey1686
sadly1738
plenty1775
vitally1787
substantively1795
badly1813
far1814
heavily1819
serious1825
measurably1834
dearly1843
bally1939
majorly1955
sizzlingly1956
majorly1978
fecking1983
1664 T. Killigrew Parsons Wedding iv. i, in Comedies & Trag. 121 I like her shrewdly; I hate a wench that is all Whore and no Company.
6. See shrewd adj. 14, 10b.
a. qualifying suspect, suspicious, guess, fear, mistrust.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > conjecture, guessing > [adverb] > close to the truth
shrewdly1559
unhappily1577
1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates Warwick vi This made the French king shrewdly to suspecte.
1576 A. Fleming tr. Hippocrates in Panoplie Epist. 273 I mistrust ye present case of Democritus so shrewdly.
1588 J. Udall State Church of Eng. sig. F2 Hee gesseth shrewdlie..our intent.
1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ i. v. §1 Which may make it shrewdly suspitious that their intent is only to impose on our understandings.
1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 73 'Tis shrewdly to be mistrusted, that something a great deal further off..has some kind of tamperings here.
1757 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 26 Oct. (1932) (modernized text) V. 2254 I shrewdly suspect, that his Royal Highness has been the dupe of that sentiment.
1813 W. Scott Rokeby vi. 288 'Tis shrewdly guessed That Redmond rules the damsel's breast.
1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre I. xiii. 227 She coined pretexts to go downs tairs, in order, as I shrewdly suspected, to visit the library.
b. qualifying probable. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > probability, likelihood > [adverb] > expressing strong belief
surely1523
shrewdly1659
1659 H. More Immortality of Soul ii. i. 120 It is shreudly probable, that fluid perceptive Matter will not fail to find the colours tinctured from one another.
1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 72 Is it not shrewdly probable, that..Colours are nothing else but a various modification of this motion?
7.
a. With keen insight or perception; with shrewd intelligence or discrimination; astutely, sagaciously.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > intelligence, cleverness > sharpness, shrewdness, insight > [adverb]
sharplyc897
redlyc1275
wellc1450
finely1538
aptly1578
acutely1600
shrewdly1600
penetratingly1670
sagaciously1678
penetratively1697
cutely1762
keenly1824
downily1845
percipiently1924
insightfully1932
sharp-wittedly1934
the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > [adverb] > astutely
yeplya900
smeighlyc1200
finely1538
shrewdly1600
astuciously18..
knowingly1805
astutely1826
1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing ii. i. 73 Cosin you apprehend passing shrewdly . View more context for this quotation
1719 D. Waterland Vindic. Christ's Divinity xxi. 310 The..Author observes, very shrowdly, that..it is to Him a Mystery.
1782 J. Brown Compend. View Nat. & Revealed Relig. i. ii. 35 The Spartans held theft to be innocent, if it was but shrewdly committed.
1825 W. Scott Talisman ix, in Tales Crusaders III. 218Shrewdly replied,’ said the monarch.
a1859 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. (1861) V. 110 He shrewdly propounded a dilemma which silenced Pomponne and Torcy.
1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skirlaugh II. 258 Shrewdly he kept the secret to himself.
b. Cleverly, skilfully. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [adverb] > skilfully or adroitly
slylyc1275
sly1370
featly1436
addresslya1500
sleightly?c1510
clean1531
trickly1542
neatlya1547
trick1564
cleanly1583
cleverly1654
clever1664
adroitly1695
adeptly1804
slick1825
shrewdly1851
cleverishly1881
slickly1893
niftily1901
eptly1974
1851 T. T. Lynch Lett. to Scattered (1872) 194 Many a rough stone..will take a fine polish..if it be shrewdly cut and carefully rubbed.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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