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单词 short-circuit
释义

short-circuitv.

Etymology: < short circuit n.
1. transitive.
a. To connect by a short circuit; to establish a short circuit in (an electric system).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > circuit > short-circuit > establish short circuit [verb (transitive)]
short-circuit1867
1867 R. S. Culley Handbk. Pract. Telegr. (ed. 2) viii. 166 To short circuit a battery, to connect the poles by a wire.
1873 F. Jenkin Electr. & Magn. xiii. §15. 203 If any two coils touch or are connected through the silk, they are, in technical language, said to be short-circuited.
1886 L. Cumming Electricity iii. iii. 236 We find on short-circuiting the battery a deflection of 73°.
1893 T. O'C. Sloane Standard Electr. Dict. 482 To short circuit a lamp.
1896 G. C. Foster & E. Atkinson Elem. Treat. Electr. & Magn. §345. 420 When the plug is placed at O, the galvanometer is ‘short-circuited’.
b. Of a conducting body: To be traversed by (a current) by way of short circuit. Also reflexive of a current: To make a short circuit.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > circuit > short-circuit > establish short circuit [verb (transitive)] > by current
short-circuit1882
1882 Nature 16 Nov. 59/1 If one of the machines drops in speed the currents from the other machines short-circuit themselves through the one.
1884 F. Krohn tr. G. Glaser de Cew Magneto- & Dynamo-electr. Machines 172 Care should be taken that these bed-plates do not short-circuit the magnetic lines of force from pole to pole of the field-magnets.
1908 Athenæum 28 Mar. 392/1 The patient..can be brought back to life, even after having ‘short-circuited’ a current of 2,000 volts.
c. To cut off the current from (part of an apparatus) by establishing a short circuit.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > circuit > short-circuit > establish short circuit [verb (transitive)] > cut off current
short-circuit1882
short1904
1882 Nature 27 July 289/2 Moreover, we doubt whether ‘the happy idea of filling up the space between the lead plates used by Planté with red lead’, would by any means produce the result of ‘vastly increasing the usefulness of that excellent apparatus: it would rather destroy it by short-circuiting it.
d. intransitive. Of electrical apparatus: to fail or cease working as a result of a short circuit occurring in it.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > circuit > short-circuit > [verb (intransitive)]
short-circuit1902
short1904
1902 Electr. Rev. 31 Oct. 732/1 Many a motor..condemned for short-circuiting when it is really the fault of the brakes.
1975 New Yorker 21 Apr. 34/2 It was a gutsy performance,..recalling Margo's near-rendezvous with Rock 'n Roll Heaven last September, when another jump~suit-cum-guitar short-circuited during an impromptu hailstorm in Louisville.
1976 Evening Post (Nottingham) 15 Dec. 5/3 The machine short-circuited with a bang when it was switched on.
2. Surgery. To form a direct communication between two portions of an intestine above and below an obstruction; to make a direct passage from (an organ) into some other part when the normal passage is obstructed; to avoid (an obstruction) or establish (circulation) by this means.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > other surgical practices > perform other surgical practices [verb (transitive)] > shunt or by-pass
short-circuit1897
shunt1923
1897 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 13 Mar. 645 As an alternative the gall-bladder may be short-circuited into the intestine.
1901 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 2 Feb. 261 Wherever adhesions are very extensive and likely to recur it is better to short-circuit the obstruction.
1905 H. D. Rolleston Dis. Liver 259 The portal circulation through the liver is short-circuited.
3. figurative. To interrupt, to cut short; to bypass by taking more direct action. Also absol.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from (action) [verb (transitive)] > avoid or shun > by taking more direct action > interrupt or cut short with more direct action
short-circuit1899
the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > continuity or uninterruptedness > discontinuity or interrupted condition > break the continuity of or interrupt [verb (transitive)] > break off suddenly
abrupt1634
short-circuit1924
the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from (action) [verb (transitive)] > avoid or shun > by taking more direct action
short-circuit1978
1899 Educat. Rev. Dec. 475 The omnibus-institutions are to short-circuit the college.
1924 J. Buchan Three Hostages iii. 48 If you had happened to look at that rag you might have short-circuited your inquiry.
1938 Ann. Reg. 1937 159 The Council decision naturally short-circuited much of the debate which might have been expected in the Assembly.
1953 E. M. Forster Hill of Devi 40 Dewas and King-Emperor! In Dewas it often seemed that they might have much in common. Could one but short-circuit, all might yet be well.
1978 D. Bloodworth Crosstalk v. 40 It was..essential to have a secure means of short-circuiting the usual channels.
1979 D. Cupitt in M. Goulder Incarnation & Myth iii. 32 Here is matter for a great deal of controversy. I propose to short-circuit it by simply stipulating that [etc.].

Derivatives

short-circuitage n.
ΚΠ
1900 Westm. Gaz. 18 Oct. 8/2 The motor set the machinery in motion without anyone touching it owing to short circuitage.
short-ˈcircuited adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > efficacy > [adjective] > rapid or efficient (of communication)
short-circuited1951
the world > action or operation > manner of action > [adjective] > specific modes of action or operation > direct
immediate1533
direct1600
short-circuited1951
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > circuit > short-circuit > [adjective] > affected by short-circuit
short-circuited1951
1951 M. McLuhan Mech. Bride 145/2 A kind of streamlined or short-circuited version of the usual success pattern.
1972 Jrnl. Social Psychol. 88 247 It may be postulated that the more empathic two people are with one another, the more short-circuited or ‘efficient’ their communication.
short-ˈcircuiting n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > [noun] > specific manner of action or operation > direct action or operation
immediation1569
immediacya1616
short-circuiting1896
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > operations on specific parts or conditions > [noun] > operations on intestines
colotomy1860
jejunostomy1885
colostomy1887
ileocolostomy1887
ileo-ileostomy1887
ileostomy1890
caecostomy1891
ileosigmoidostomy1892
short-circuiting1896
ileectomy1900
typhlotomy1903
typhlectomy1913
sigmoidectomy1915
haemorrhoidectomy1917
jejunojejunostomy1925
hemicolectomy1926
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > circuit > short-circuit > [noun] > failure of appliance
short-circuiting1896
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > shortness > [noun] > making short or shorter > by cutting
truncation1579
curtailing1586
trunking1611
cropping1616
detruncation1623
procision1650
docking1728
short-circuiting1896
1896 A. E. Maylard Treat. Surg. Alim. Canal lxvi. 543 Entero-enterostomy (short-circuiting).—This operation is performed when it is impossible to remove the diseased portion of the bowel.
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXIII. 233/1 In this manner..long and short discharges [can be] made in accordance with the signals of the Morse alphabet by manipulating the short-circuiting key of one of the choking coils.
1919 H. E. Penrose Wireless Telegr. iv. 75 Examine the band of the magnetic detector, the magnets, and the short-circuiting contacts of the manipulating key.
1928 Daily Express 21 Mar. 1/5 A successful operation for duodenal ulcer... The operation..is popularly known as ‘short circuiting’.
1949 A. Koestler Insight & Outlook iv. 39 The concept of bisociation implies a short-circuiting of two separate mental patterns.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online December 2019).
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更新时间:2024/12/25 1:02:53