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单词 shroud
释义

shroudn.1

Brit. /ʃraʊd/, U.S. /ʃraʊd/
Forms: Old English–Middle English scrud, (Old English scruud, Middle English srud, srut), Middle English schrud, Middle English–1500s shrud, Middle English schrowde, Middle English–1500s schroud(e, Middle English–1600s shroude, (Middle English ssroud, shrout(e, Middle English shrude, shrowed, 1500s schrowd, shrow'd, shrowdde, 1600s sroude), Middle English–1600s shrowde, Middle English–1800s shrowd, Middle English– shroud.
Etymology: Old English scrúd strong neuter = Old Norse skrúð neuter (also skrúðe weak masculine), fittings, furniture, ornament, also, some kind of textile fabric (Norwegian skrud ornament, attire, Middle Swedish skruþer (masculine), state clothing, ornaments, Swedish skrud (masculine), attire); < Germanic *skrūđ- , long-weak-grade of *skreuđ- to cut (see shred n.).
†1.
a. A garment; an article of clothing; singular and plural (one's) clothes, clothing, habiliments. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > [noun]
clothesc888
hattersOE
shroudc1000
weedOE
shrouda1122
clothc1175
hatteringa1200
atourc1220
back-clout?c1225
habit?c1225
clothingc1275
cleadinga1300
dubbinga1300
shroudinga1300
attirec1300
coverturec1300
suitc1325
apparel1330
buskingc1330
farec1330
harness1340
tire1340
backs1341
geara1350
apparelmentc1374
attiringa1375
vesturec1385
heelinga1387
vestmentc1386
arraya1400
graitha1400
livery1399
tirementa1400
warnementa1400
arrayment1400
parelc1400
werlec1400
raiment?a1425
robinga1450
rayc1450
implements1454
willokc1460
habiliment1470
emparelc1475
atourement1481
indumenta1513
reparel1521
wearing gear1542
revesture1548
claesc1550
case1559
attirement1566
furniture1566
investuring1566
apparelling1567
dud1567
hilback1573
wear1576
dress1586
enfolding1586
caparison1589
plight1590
address1592
ward-ware1598
garnish1600
investments1600
ditement1603
dressing1603
waith1603
thing1605
vestry1606
garb1608
outwall1608
accoutrementa1610
wearing apparel1617
coutrement1621
vestament1632
vestiment1637
equipage1645
cask1646
aguise1647
back-timbera1656
investiture1660
rigging1664
drapery1686
vest1694
plumage1707
bussingc1712
hull1718
paraphernalia1736
togs1779
body clothing1802
slough1808
toggery1812
traps1813
garniture1827
body-clothes1828
garmenture1832
costume1838
fig1839
outfit1840
vestiture1841
outer womana1845
outward man1846
vestiary1846
rag1855
drag1870
clo'1874
parapherna1876
clobber1879
threads1926
mocker1939
schmatte1959
vine1959
kit1989
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > [noun] > garment or article of
raileOE
i-wedeOE
reafOE
shroudc1000
weedOE
back-cloth?c1225
hatter?c1225
clouta1300
coverturec1300
garment1340
vesturec1384
clothc1385
vestmentc1386
jeryne?a1400
clothinga1425
gilla1438
raiment1440
haterella1450
vestimenta1500
indumenta1513
paitclaith1550
casceis1578
attire1587
amice1600
implements1601
cladment1647
enduement1650
vest1655
body garment1688
wearable1711
sledo1719
rag1855
number1894
opaque1903
daytimer1936
c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 151/6 Habitus, scruud.
c1000 Ælfric Genesis xlv. 22 And [he] sealde hira ælcum twa scrud.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 137 All ane shridd wiþþ haliȝ shrud Ȝede he till godess allterr.
a1225 St. Marher. 19 Feirlec ant strencðe beoð his schrudes.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2674 Þeos eorles heom gereden mid godliche scruden [c1300 Otho srude].
1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. Prol. 2 I schop me in-to a schroud [B. in shroudes] A scheep as I were.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 47 Þus schal he be schent for his schrowde feble.
c1440 York Myst. xxix. 364 Lo, here a shrowde for a shrewe.
?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 47 I wes schene in my schrowd.
1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. bv Schaip the evin to the schalk in thi schroud schene.
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 34 Thair semelie schroud likeas siluer scheue.
1594 C. Marlowe & T. Nashe Dido iii. iii My princely robes..are layd aside, Whose glittering pompe Dianas shrowdes supplies.
1638 G. Sandys Paraphr. Iob xxxviii, in Paraphr. Divine Poems Swadled, as new-borne, in sable shrouds.
b. In generalized use: Clothing, vesture.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > [noun]
clothesc888
hattersOE
shroudc1000
weedOE
shrouda1122
clothc1175
hatteringa1200
atourc1220
back-clout?c1225
habit?c1225
clothingc1275
cleadinga1300
dubbinga1300
shroudinga1300
attirec1300
coverturec1300
suitc1325
apparel1330
buskingc1330
farec1330
harness1340
tire1340
backs1341
geara1350
apparelmentc1374
attiringa1375
vesturec1385
heelinga1387
vestmentc1386
arraya1400
graitha1400
livery1399
tirementa1400
warnementa1400
arrayment1400
parelc1400
werlec1400
raiment?a1425
robinga1450
rayc1450
implements1454
willokc1460
habiliment1470
emparelc1475
atourement1481
indumenta1513
reparel1521
wearing gear1542
revesture1548
claesc1550
case1559
attirement1566
furniture1566
investuring1566
apparelling1567
dud1567
hilback1573
wear1576
dress1586
enfolding1586
caparison1589
plight1590
address1592
ward-ware1598
garnish1600
investments1600
ditement1603
dressing1603
waith1603
thing1605
vestry1606
garb1608
outwall1608
accoutrementa1610
wearing apparel1617
coutrement1621
vestament1632
vestiment1637
equipage1645
cask1646
aguise1647
back-timbera1656
investiture1660
rigging1664
drapery1686
vest1694
plumage1707
bussingc1712
hull1718
paraphernalia1736
togs1779
body clothing1802
slough1808
toggery1812
traps1813
garniture1827
body-clothes1828
garmenture1832
costume1838
fig1839
outfit1840
vestiture1841
outer womana1845
outward man1846
vestiary1846
rag1855
drag1870
clo'1874
parapherna1876
clobber1879
threads1926
mocker1939
schmatte1959
vine1959
kit1989
a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1070 Swa manega gersumas on sceat & on scrud [etc.].
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 63 Gif..to þe flesce scrud and clað.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 176 Al erue..Ðe sulde him her..To fode and srud to helpen ðe lif.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3250 Bath gold and stan for maiden scrude.
c. transferred and figurative, esp. the ‘vesture’ in which the world or the things of nature are ‘clothed’; also, the ‘veil’ of flesh. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > [noun] > mere appearance
shroudc1175
frontc1374
appearancec1384
countenance?c1425
fard1540
show1547
habit1549
outside1578
glimpse1579
superficies?1589
species1598
out-term1602
paint1608
surface1613
superfice1615
umbrage1639
superficials1652
semblance1843
outer womana1845
outward man1846
patina1957
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 79 Ho hine bireueden of þere muchele mihte þet crist him hafde iȝefen of al þer orþe scrude, of þe uisces iþe wetere and fuȝeles iþe lufte.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 17591 & tohh iss þeȝȝre baþre [sc. man and the world] shrud Þurrh cossmos wel bitacnedd.
c1200 Vices & Virtues 95 Wel him ðe..hafð ðat faire scrud of charite all besett mid ȝimstanes of gode werkes.
a1225 Leg. Kath. 914 Þus he schrudde & hudde him,..mid ure fleschliche schrud.
?a1366 Romaunt Rose 64 And then bicometh the ground so proud That it wol have a newe shroud.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9380 Til alking thing he gafe, þair kind scrud al for to haue.
d. Plumage. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > feather > [noun] > collective or plumage
featherhama800
plumeOE
plumagec1395
feathera1400
shrouda1400
hacklea1450
plomaylec1475
pennage1591
gander's wool1600
feathering1721
plumery1795
plumeletage1855
a1400 Pistill of Susan 85 Þer schene briddes in schawe schewen heore schroude.
a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 914 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 123 So fair Is my fetherem I haf no falowe My schrowde and my schene weid schire to be schawin.
2.
a. The white cloth or sheet in which a corpse is laid out for burial; a winding-sheet.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > preparation or treatment of corpse > [noun] > laying or wrapping in shroud > shroud
sheetc1000
sendala1300
sudaryc1380
winding-clotha1400
winding-sheetc1420
kellc1425
sindonc1500
shroud1570
shrouding sheet1576
cerement1604
church cloth1639
socking-sheet1691
death cloth1699
sow1763
windinga1825
burial-cloth1876
negligée1927
1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Rivv/2 A Shroude, amiculum, funerale.
1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. ii. 479 Die when you will, a Smocke shalbe your shroude . View more context for this quotation
1611 T. Coryate Crudities sig. H5 The shroud wherin our Sauiours blessed body was wrapped.
1649 W. Davenant Love & Honour iii. iii Let her make love to a sexton, and steale shrowds.
1702 R. Steele Funeral i. 5 I carry'd home to your House the Shrowd the Gentleman was buried in last Night.
1790 W. Cowper Stanzas for Year 16 Soon the grave must be your home, And your only suit a shroud.
1847 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Peru II. iv. v. 187 The remains of Pizarro, rolled in their bloody shroud.
1848 E. Bulwer-Lytton Harold I. ii. iii. 132 If England needs defenders when I and Godwin are in our shrouds.
b. By association with the black of mourning, shroud has received the epithet sable.
ΚΠ
1638 J. Milton Lycidas in Obsequies 20 in Justa Edouardo King And as he passes, turn And bid fair peace be to my sable shrowd.
?1723 D. Mallet William & Margaret ii Clay-cold was her lilly hand, That held her sable shroud.
1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel vi. xxiii. 183 Each Baron, for a sable shroud, Sheathed in his iron panoply.
1887 W. S. Gilbert Ruddigore ii Inky clouds, Like funeral shrouds.
c. In figurative, allusive, and symbolic uses.
ΚΠ
1743 E. Young Complaint: Night the Fourth 45 How swift the Shuttle flies, that weaves thy Shrowd?
a1822 P. B. Shelley Autumn in Posth. Poems (1824) 166 The year On the earth her death-bed, in a shroud of leaves dead, Is lying.
c1860 W. C. Bryant New & Old ii, in Poet. Wks. (1891) 283 These gay idlers, the butterflies, Broke, to-day, from their winter shroud.
1865 J. Ruskin Sesame & Lilies ii. 187 I do not wonder at the sensualist's life, with the shroud wrapped about his feet.
1869 J. H. Newman in W. Ward Life Cardinal Newman (1912) II. 281 Dress me up, and you will soon have to make my shrowd.
d. dialect. The charred sooty piece at the top of a burning wick which requires snuffing. (Supposed to betoken a death.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > candle > [noun] > wick > part of
shroud1877
1877 Manley & Corringham Gloss.
1894 H. Nisbet Bush Girl's Romance 142 The guttering..candles..melted from their blackened..wicks, all unheeded and shroud-environed.
†3. A place or dwelling which affords shelter; a retreat; a shelter, esp. one of a slight or temporary kind, as a tent or shed. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > accommodation or lodging > [noun] > place of shelter
shroudc1380
receipta1393
recept1423
receptaclec1425
cottage1535
shelterage1632
ambalama1807
receptory1856
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 2416 Þe þef..fond hure þer..liggyng vnder shroute.
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 3358 Ameral atte is soper he of-say sittynge vnder shrout.
c1450 J. Lydgate Life Our Lady lxvii. (1484) k iij b [The sun] To shewe his light in euery shroude & shade.
1576 G. Gascoigne Complaynt of Phylomene in Steele Glas sig. Mv Vnto a selly shrowde, A sheepecote closely builte Amid the woodds.
1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. ii. xv. f. 89/2, in R. Holinshed Chron. I Our countrey conuerted..into the walkes and shrowdes of wylde beastes.
1581 B. Gilpin Godly Serm. 51 As for turning poore men out of their holdes, they take for no offence... They turne them out of their shrouds as thicke as mice.
c1616 R. C. Certaine Poems in Times' Whistle (1871) 151 Then shall we see Christ comming in the cloudes, When some will wish whole mountaines were their shroudes.
1637 J. Milton Comus 6 Run to your shrouds, within these Brakes, and Trees.
1657 T. Burton Diary (1828) I. 364 When men pull down their houses that are ruinous, they try awhile by setting up shrowds, but finding them drop in, they build their houses again.
4. plural (rarely singular) A crypt, vault; esp. applied to the Chapel of St. Faith in St. Paul's Cathedral. (Cf. crowd n.2) Now Historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > crypt > [noun]
undercroft1395
crowd1399
vaultc1400
shrouds1550
crypta1563
crypt1583
grot1658
1550 T. Lever (title) A fruitfull sermon made in Poules churche at London in the shroudes.
1552 T. Cooper Bibliotheca Eliotæ (rev. ed.) Apogæum, a shrowdes or lyke buildinge vnder the grownde.
a1587 L. Aldersey in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) i. 182 A church vnder the ground, like to the shrouds in Paules.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxviii. ix. 321 Shee goeth downe into the vault or shrouds out of which she delivereth her prophesies.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Apogée, a shrowd, or denne under th' earth.
1790 T. Pennant Of London (1793) 392 The preacher [at Paul's Cross] went, in very bad weather, to a place called the Shrowds.
1868 H. H. Milman Ann. St. Paul's Cathedral vii. 164 According to some accounts the Shrouds were in the triforium of the church.
†5.
a. Shadow, shade; figurative protection. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun]
warec893
mundbyrdeOE
mundOE
forhillinga1300
hillinga1300
weringa1300
warranting1303
garrisonc1320
defencec1325
defendingc1350
protectionc1350
garnisonc1386
safe warda1398
warrantise?a1400
safeguard1421
safekeeping1425
defension?a1439
defendancec1450
warisonc1450
propugnation1575
guard1576
fortifying1580
debate1581
shielding1581
shrouda1586
patronage1590
shrouding1615
fortressing?1624
munification1653
fencinga1661
castleward1674
fending1771
safeguardance1897
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > [noun] > casting of a shadow > overshadowing > shadow or shade
shadea1000
shadowa1375
umber1382
umbrage1426
umbrage1541
shrouda1586
umbracle1609
umbra1638
a1586 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David (1823) xci. ii Soft hiv'd with wing and plume Thou in his shrowd shalt ly.
1588 T. Kyd tr. T. Tasso Housholders Philos. f. 6 To retyre them from the heate..vnder the shade of a Tree, or shroude of a Church.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iii. xiii. 71 To heare from me you had left Anthony, And put your selfe vnder his shrowd, the vniuersal Landlord.
b. The branches of a tree, considered as affording shade. Obsolete. (Cf. shroud n.3)
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > part of tree or woody plant > [noun] > bough or branch > collectively
boughage1594
shroud1597
ramage1656
ramification1768
branchery1830
branchage1869
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > [noun] > casting of a shadow > overshadowing > something affording shade > specifically the canopy of a tree
shroud1597
1597 M. Drayton Englands Heroicall Epist. f. 49 v Where like a mounting Cedar he should beare His plumed top, aloft into the ayre; And let these shrubs sit vnderneath his shrowdes.
1611 Bible (King James) Ezek. xxxi. 3 The Assyrian was a Cedar in Lebanon with faire branches, and with a shadowing shrowd [So 1884 Revised] . View more context for this quotation
6. A thing serving as a covering or protection; a defence; a covering, screen, veil, ‘cloak’, disguise. Now somewhat rhetorical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > means of protection or defence
hornc825
shieldc1200
warranta1272
bergha1325
armour1340
hedge1340
defencec1350
bucklerc1380
protectiona1382
safety1399
targea1400
suretyc1405
wall1412
pavise?a1439
fencec1440
safeguard?c1500
pale?a1525
waretack1542
muniment1546
shrouda1561
bulwark1577
countermure1581
ward1582
prevention1584
armourya1586
fortificationa1586
securitya1586
penthouse1589
palladium1600
guard1609
subtectacle1609
tutament1609
umbrella1609
bastion1615
screena1616
amulet1621
alexikakon1635
breastwork1643
security1643
protectionary1653
sepiment1660
back1680
shadower1691
aegis1760
inoculation1761
buoya1770
propugnaculum1773
panoply1789
armament1793
fascine1793
protective1827
beaver1838
face shield1842
vaccine1861
zariba1885
wolf-platform1906
firebreak1959
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > [noun] > a covering
wrielsc825
coverc1320
hillingc1325
eyelida1382
covering1382
casea1398
coverta1400
tegumentc1440
hacklea1450
coverturec1450
housingc1450
deck1466
heeler1495
housera1522
coverlet1551
shrouda1561
kever1570
vele1580
periwig1589
hap1593
opercle1598
integument?1611
blanketa1616
cask1646
operiment1650
coverlid1654
tegment1656
shell?1677
muff1687
operculum1738
tegmen1807
a1561 G. Cavendish Metrical Visions (1980) 2403 I shall set my shrowd for my defence, Vnder the mantell of well wyllyng audyence.
1587 A. Day Longus's Daphnis & Chloe sig. π2 The greatest forwardnes craueth a shrowd, and the meanest matter cannot be without defence.
1607 B. Jonson Volpone v. ii. sig. L3v Iove Could not inuent, t' himselfe, a shroud more subtle, To passe Acrisius guardes. View more context for this quotation
1621 G. Sandys tr. Ovid First Five Bks. Metamorphosis v. 138 Sol, obscur'd in shrowds Of exhalations.
1647 J. Cleveland Poems in Char. London-diurnall (Wing C4662) 35 Thus Israel-like he travells with a cloud, Both as a Conduct to him, and a shroud.
1699 J. Potter Archæologiæ Græcæ II. iii. x. 103 Their Tops were cover'd with raw Hides, and other Shrowds, to preserve them from Fire-balls and missive Weapons.
1699 J. Pomfret Dies Novissima 103 Swath'd in substantial shrowds of night, The sick'ning sun shall from the world retire.
1808 W. Scott Marmion vi. xxvii. 355 At length the freshening western blast Aside the shroud of battle cast.
1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles i. Introd. 3 Beneath a shroud of russet dropp'd with gold Tweed and his tributaries mingle still.
1850 C. Kingsley Alton Locke II. v. 51 A grey shroud of rain sweeping up from the westward.
1867 ‘Ouida’ Cecil Castlemaine's Gage 6 The thickest shroud of the ivy.
7. Technical senses.
Thesaurus »
†a. In a windmill, a protective addition to horizontal sails.
Thesaurus »
Categories »
b. Either of the two annular plates at the periphery of a waterwheel, forming the ends of the buckets.
c. A rim or flange cast on the ends of the teeth of a gear-wheel.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > parts of wheels > rim
felloeeOE
rim1440
rowelc1440
wheel-rim1513
shroud1576
wheel-ring1766
1576 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 1580–93 (1888) 101/1 Sustentando dictum molendinum in omnibus necessariis, preter in new schrouddis to be mylne aves.
1629 J. Rous Diary (1856) 41 Her [sc. a crow's] nest was layd betweene the shrowdes in the toppe saile [of a windmill].
1660 ‘R. D'Acres’ Art Water-drawing 9 Some of these [horizontal sails of a mill] are made to go with shrouds or shelters, others without.
1660 ‘R. D'Acres’ Art Water-drawing 9 Though the shrouds may keep blustring winds away, yet neither it, nor any thing else can keep the Air away.
1760 Philos. Trans. 1759 (Royal Soc.) 51 126 This wheel was two inches in the shroud or depth of the bucket.
1797 J. Curr Coal Viewer 31 [Specification for] jinneys for conveying the corves..1 Shroud for the middle, 2¾[inches] by 1, and 1 ditto for the Brake.
1881 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (ed. 4) 21 The space occupied by the shrouds precludes their use in watches, but in the going parts of clocks they answer well.
d. Engineering. A circular band attached to the circumference of the rotor of a turbine; a flange on the tip of a turbine rotor blade (flanges on adjacent blades usually interlocking so as to form a continuous band).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > turbine > [noun] > parts of > blades > parts of
shroud1906
1906 J. W. M. Sothern Marine Steam Turbine (ed. 2) II. 54 At the outer ends..the blades fit..into a channel-shaped brass ring, or ‘shroud’, as it is called.
1951 H. Cohen & G. F. C. Rogers Gas Turbine Theory v. 106 Although shrouds have been used on superchargers, they have not come into general use so far on impellers for gas turbines.
1967 N. E. Borden Jet-engine Fund. 93 The shrouds form a band around the perimeter of the turbine rotor which interlocks the blades at their tips and reduces vibration.
1971 P. J. McMahon Aircraft Propulsion v. 162 What may show the difference between a turbine and a compressor stage would be the fitting of shrouds on turbine blades.
e. A temporary covering for part of a spacecraft, esp. one which protects and streamlines the payload of a rocket during launching.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > spacecraft > rocket > [noun] > other parts of rocket
fin1935
dodger1956
skirt1964
shroud1965
1965 W. R. Corliss Space Probes & Planetary Exploration x. 235 The shroud gives probes that customary conical appearance before deployment of the articulated sections.
1966 Times 6 June 1/6 The target satellite's protective shroud hanging on to the docking collar.
1975 K. W. Gatland Missiles & Rockets viii. 184 Above that, enclosed in a shroud, were the Airlock Module, Multiple Docking Adapter and Apollo Telescope Mount.

Compounds

C1. General attributive in sense 2.
a.
shroud-cloth n.
ΚΠ
a1847 E. Cook To Mem. Burns 1 Thy ‘magic mantle's’ glowing sheen, Burst through thy shroud-cloth ere 'twas seen.
shroud-plait n. (poetic).
ΚΠ
c1864 G. M. Hopkins Poems (1967) 117 I desire They swathe and lace the shroud-plaits o'er my face.
shroud-rags n.
ΚΠ
a1847 E. Cook Dust iii He sorts the shroud-rags, he heaps gray bones.
b.
shroud-bound adj.
ΚΠ
1865 J. M. Neale Hymns Paradise 24 Shroud-bound, tomb~held,..Thou canst raise me.
shroud-like adj.
ΚΠ
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 50 Thou, whose Hands the Shrowd-like Cypress rear. View more context for this quotation
1835 E. Bulwer-Lytton Rienzi III. x. v. 292 In her shroudlike garments and attenuated frame, she seemed..as a spectre.
1913 Eng. Rev. May 244 The Vicar, his surplice clinging shroudlike to his lank figure.
shroud-maker n.
shroud-manufacturer n.
ΚΠ
1892 P. L. Simmonds Commerc. Dict. Trade Products (rev. ed.) Suppl. Shroud Manufacturer, a maker of grave clothes for a corpse.
C2.
shroud-brass n. a memorial brass in which the deceased is represented in his shroud.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > obsequies > monument > [noun] > tablet > brass
brass1613
heart brass1872
shroud-brass1890
skeleton brass1890
1890 Daily News 21 Oct. 5/2 Perhaps, a more truly morbid and abominable effigy never disgraced the walls of a place of worship than the shroud brass.
1912 J. S. M. Ward Brasses 82 Skeletons. These are not so common as shroud brasses.
shroud-plate n. = 7b.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > driven by water > parts of
awe1503
scoop1591
float1611
ladle1611
sole1675
float-board1719
ladle-board1744
paddle1758
shrouding1797
wrist1797
polroz1806
breastwork1833
flap1839
shrouding-plate1844
shroud-plate1844
staving1875
shroud-
1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 326 On the inside of the shroud-plates are formed the grooves for securing the ends of the buckets.

Draft additions January 2011

shroud-waving n. and adj. [after flag-waving n. at flag n.4 Compounds 2] British colloquial (freq. depreciative) (a) n. the practice of attempting to gain support for health-care funding by highlighting the life-threatening consequences to patients of underfunding; (in extended use) concentration on the negative effects of a particular policy, etc., in order to influence public opinion; (b) adj. that engages in shroud-waving.
ΚΠ
1967 P. L. Nokes Professional Task in Welfare Pract. i. 7 Doctors are able to indulge in a practice that is known in hospital planning as ‘shroud waving’, the habit of pointing out the disasters that will ensue if they do not get their own way.
1979 Health & Social Services Jrnl. Jan. 9 (title) ‘Shroud-waving’ staff frustrated by NHS bureaucracy.
1995 Guardian 1 Apr. (Outlook section) 28/7 The Government accuses consultants of shroud-waving when they intervene and use their clout to secure treatment for patients. But what to do when a man dies after a consultant has not used his clout?
2010 Sunday Times (Nexis) 12 Dec. 27 Climate change shroud-waving isn't working.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

shroudn.2

Brit. /ʃraʊd/, U.S. /ʃraʊd/
Forms: Middle English shrowthe-s, shrode-s, srowde, Middle English–1600s shrowde-s, 1500s schroude-s, shrowed(e)-s, shrowes (?), 1500s–1600s shroude-s, 1500s–1700s shrowd-s, 1600s shreed-s, 1600s– shroud-s.
Etymology: Probably a use of shroud n.1; compare the modern naut. phrase ‘to clothe the mast with the shrouds’; a mast or spar without its rigging is said to be ‘naked’. The sense of ‘shrouds of a ship’ attributed to Old Norse skrúð and to Norwegian skrud is not authenticated. ‘Remembering that in the 15th cent. the headropes (or shrouds) were very numerous, the appropriateness of the term shroud seems obvious’ (L. G. Carr Laughton).
1. A set of ropes, usually in pairs, leading from the head of a mast and serving to relieve the latter of lateral strain; they form part of the standing rigging of a ship.
a. plural. (See also fore-shrouds n. at fore- prefix 2a(d), main-shrouds main adj.2 Compounds 1, mizzen-shroud at mizzen n. Compounds; for an extended use see Bentinck shrouds n. at Bentinck n. Compounds, bowsprit shrouds (bowsprit n. 1), bumkin-shrouds (bumkin n.1), futtock-shroud n. at futtock n. Compounds 2.)
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > rigging > [noun] > fixed rigging > rigging supporting mast laterally > collectively
shroud1458
shroud1465
shrouding1803
shroudage1893
1458 in Archaeologia 29 328 The mast hathe a welle good stay, Wt shrowthes sure.
c1485 Digby Myst. (1882) iii. 1720 In-to þe shrowdes I woll me hye.
?1518 Cocke Lorelles Bote sig. C.jv Some one the shrowedes dyde clyme.
1531 in J. Strutt Horda Angel-Cynnan (1776) III. 53 Item 9 shrowds and a backe staye on either syd.
1589 R. Hakluyt tr. C. Adams in Princ. Navigations ii. 282 Another walkes vpon the hatches, another climbes the shrowes.
1642 D. Rogers Naaman 496 As in a ship each boy hath his taske, some to row..others to climb the shreeds.
1667 J. Dryden Annus Mirabilis 1666 cxlviii. 38 To try new shrouds one mounts into the wind, And one, below, their ease or stiffness notes.
1726 G. Shelvocke Voy. round World xv. 436 They seem to have but little regard to the support of their masts, to which their stays and shrouds hold no proportion.
1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxiii. 226 In an instant, every one sprung into the rigging, up the shrouds, and out on the yards.
1883 Chambers's Jrnl. 141 A heavy sea boarded the ship, dashing us into the mizen rigging, where we grasped the shrouds, and were saved.
b. collective singular.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > rigging > [noun] > fixed rigging > rigging supporting mast laterally > collectively
shroud1458
shroud1465
shrouding1803
shroudage1893
1465 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 200 Payd be my mastyr for ropes for hyr srowde, ij.li.
1588 in Harl. Misc. (Malham) II. 45 He shall shew lights, one in the poop, and another two shrowed high.
1691 W. Petty Treat. Naval Philos. in T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 126 Fitting of the Shrowd so as to make way for the gibbing of the Yards.
1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles iii. xxiii. 110 The favouring breeze, when loud It pipes upon the galley's shroud.
c. singular. Any one of such ropes.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > rigging > [noun] > fixed rigging > rigging supporting mast laterally
shroud1748
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. v. 341 The mast itself is supported..by the shroud..and by two stays.
1762 W. Falconer Shipwreck ii. 28 Secure your lives! grasp every man a shroud!
1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick ix. 50 Stumbling to the deck, [he] grasps a shroud, to look out upon the sea.
1882 G. S. Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 48 Each..bowsprit shroud [is] secured to its collar.
d. figurative.
ΚΠ
1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge ii. ii. sig. D2 Readie to discharge Their pretious shot into the shrowds of heauen.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) v. vii. 53 All the shrowds wherewith my life should saile, Are turned to one thred. View more context for this quotation
1667 Third Advice in Second & Third Advice to Painter 20 He quickly taught, and powers in continual clouds Of chain'd Dilemnaes, through our sinewy shrouds.
2.
a. (See quot. 1875.)
ΚΠ
1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Shroud, the chains by which the smoke-stack is braced, in steamers.
b. = shroud line n. at Compounds below.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > parachute > [noun] > harness or web
rigging1921
riser1927
shroud line1929
lift-web1942
shroud1942
harness1951
1942 F. H. Colvin Aircraft Handbk. (ed. 5) 679 (caption) Drawing the shrouds into their pockets in the seat pack.
1957 L. L. Beckford A.B.C. of Aeronaut. 74/1 Fastened firmly between the gores are strong cords, called Shrouds, which distribute the load evenly over the Canopy.
1973 ‘A. Hall’ Tango Briefing x. 119 Watch the ground. The whisper of wind in the shrouds... He'd had to give me five seconds..so that the 'chutes wouldn't foul each other.

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations.
shroud-bridle n. (see quot. 1875).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > tackle or purchase > [noun] > group of small cords through block > types of
truck1688
shroud-bridle1875
1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Shroud-bridle, a kind of crow~foot fastened to the shrouds, to hold sheets, braces, etc.
shroud hawser n. a shroud-laid rope.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > rope, cord, or line > types of
warp1296
sewing-rope1336
viring-rope1336
wardrope1338
bast1357
breast rope1412
balk-line1506
waterline1626
shank1706
selvage1711
shroud hawser1744
white line1747
selvagee1750
cringle1787
staple-rope1794
bracing-rope1827
selvage-stropc1860
soga1860
four-cant1867
toggle-lanyard1874
maguey1908
snorter1950
snotter1950
1744 J. Philips Authentic Jrnl. Exped. Anson 150 We receiv'd..a thirteen Inch Cable and a shroud Hawser.
shroud-knot n. a knot used in repairing a parted shroud.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > ropes or chains other than rigging or cable > [noun] > knot used by sailors > specific
bowline-knot1627
clinch1627
sheepshank1627
wall-knot1627
running bowline1710
running bowline knot1726
bend1769
clove-hitch1769
half-hitch1769
hitch1769
walnut1769
cat's paw1794
midshipman's hitch1794
reef knot1794
clench1804
French shroud knot1808
carrick bend1819
bowline1823
slippery hitch1832
wall1834
Matthew Walker1841
shroud-knot1860
stopper-knotc1860
marling hitch1867
wind-knot1870
Portuguese knot1871
rosette1875
chain knota1877
stopper-hitch1876
swab-hitch1883
monkey fist1917
Spanish bowline1968
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > binding or tying > a bond, tie, or fastening > [noun] > knot > any knot used by sailors > other specific sailors' knots
bowline-knot1627
clinch1627
sheepshank1627
wall-knot1627
running bowline1710
running bowline knot1726
bend1769
clove-hitch1769
half-hitch1769
hitch1769
walnut1769
Magnus hitch1794
midshipman's hitch1794
clench1804
French shroud knot1808
carrick bend1819
bowline1823
slippery hitch1832
wall1834
cat's paw1840
Matthew Walker1841
shroud-knot1860
stopper-knotc1860
Portuguese knot1871
chain knota1877
stopper-hitch1876
swab-hitch1883
Spanish bowline1968
1860 All Year Round 28 July 382 ‘Which knot?’ asked Toby. ‘Single or double wall, single or double diamond, Matthew Walker, spritsail-sheet, stopper, or shroud?’
c1860 H. Stuart Novices or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 30 How do you make a shroud-knot?
shroud-laid adj. applied to rope composed of four (formerly sometimes three) strands laid right-handed with a heart.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > other manufactured or derived materials > [adjective] > made of rope or cord > types of
twine1513
twice-laid1592
basten1677
cable-laid1723
hawser-laid1769
water-laid1795
registered1800
shroud-laid1800
whale-laid1812
strap-laid1839
four-strand1867
locked-coil1885
trifilar1903
1800 Naval Chron. 3 474 Three strond shroud-laid rope.
1825 Budge Miner's Guide 98 The term ‘shroud-laid’ is used to distinguish a rope of three strands or parts from another of nine strands, which is termed ‘cable-laid’.
1874 F. G. D. Bedford Sailor's Pocket Bk. x. 313 Shroud-laid rope 4 strands and a heart Right-handed.
shroud line n. any of the straps joining the canopy of a parachute to the harness; (usually plural); cf. rigging lines at rigging n.2 2d.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > parachute > [noun] > harness or web
rigging1921
riser1927
shroud line1929
lift-web1942
shroud1942
harness1951
1929 A. F. Collins Aviation xii. 184 The pilot chute and big parachute, together with its shroud lines that hold it to the harness, are made so that they fold up in a very small pack.
1973 ‘A. Hall’ Tango Briefing xix. 240 The supply 'chute was draped across a spur of rock... The shroud lines were badly twisted.
shroud-plate n. (see quot. 1875).
ΚΠ
1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Shroud plate, 1. a. An iron plate fixed to a ship's side for the attachment of the shrouds. b. A ring surrounding a mast and to which the futtock-shrouds are secured.
Thesaurus »
Categories »
shroud-stopper n. a rope connecting parts of a shroud below or above a damaged part (1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk.).
shroud-tackle n.
ΚΠ
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms Couladoux, shroud-tackles, which are used in the galleys..of the Mediterranean, in the place of dead-eyes and laniards.
shroud-truck n. (see quots. 1867, 1875).
ΚΠ
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Shroud-trucks.
1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Shroud-truck,..a wooden thimble secured to the shrouds and acting as a fair-leader for the running-rigging.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

shroudn.3

Brit. /ʃraʊd/, U.S. /ʃraʊd/
Etymology: Formally identical with shroud n.1, but with sense independently derived from the sense ‘to cut’ of the root. Compare shred n.
Now dialect.
1. collective singular and in plural. Loppings of a tree, branches or twigs cut off.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > [noun] > pruning or lopping > prunings or loppings
shreddingc950
trouse978
stickc1175
rammelc1250
spray1297
brush1330
shriding1340
shridels1399
lopc1420
shraggingc1440
shroud1475
tops1485
polling1557
brutting1577
lopping1589
pruning1658
toppings1668
scorel1671
loppage1683
lop-wood1693
shrouding1725
cropping1768
1475–6 in H. J. F. Swayne Churchwardens' Accts. Sarum (1896) 361 Of William Pole for the shrowde of the same elme, viijd.
1538 T. Elyot Dict. Sarmenta, twigges or shroude of trees cut of.
a1641 J. Smyth Berkeley MSS (1883) I. 114 Tythes for beech wood, loppes, shrowds, willowes.
1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (1681) 15 Aquatick Trees, whose shrowds shall exceed in value the Grass they injure.
2. Chiefly in plural. A branch or bough.
ΚΠ
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. iii. f. 11 Shrouddes of younge vines.
1862 J. R. Lowell Biglow Papers 2nd Ser. iii. ii. 112 In ellum-shrouds the flashin' hangbird clings.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

shroudv.1

Brit. /ʃraʊd/, U.S. /ʃraʊd/
Forms: Middle English scrude, Middle English schroude, schruden, Middle English shrude, Middle English–1500s shroude, Middle English shrowden, schrowude, Middle English–1500s schroude, 1500s–1600s shrowd(e, 1600s shrow'd, shreud, shrewd, 1500s– shroud. past tense 1500s–1600s shrowded, 1500s– shrouded; contracted Middle English scrud, Middle English schrud, shroude, scrowd. past participle Middle English scruded, Middle English schruedede, Middle English i-shrowdyd, schrouded, y-shrouded, 1500s–1600s shrowded, 1600s schroudit, Middle English– shrouded; contracted Middle English scrud, Middle English–1500s schroud, Middle English schroude, 1500s schroud, shrowed, 1600s shroud.
Etymology: < shroud n.1 Compare shride v.1
†1.
a. transitive. To clothe. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)]
wrya901
clothec950
shride971
aturnc1220
begoa1225
array1297
graith1297
agraithc1300
geara1325
cleadc1325
adightc1330
apparel1362
back1362
shape1362
attirea1375
parela1375
tirea1375
rayc1390
addressa1393
coverc1394
aguisea1400
scredea1400
shrouda1400
bedightc1400
buskc1400
harnessc1400
hatterc1400
revesta1449
able1449
dressa1450
reparel?c1450
adub?1473
endue?a1475
afaite1484
revestera1500
beclothe1509
trimc1516
riga1535
invest1540
vesture1555
suit1577
clad1579
investure1582
vest1582
deck1587
habit1594
to make ready1596
caparison1597
skin1601
shadow1608
garment1614
riga1625
raiment1656
garb1673
equip1695
to fit out1722
encase1725
tog1793
trick1821
to fig out1825
enclothe1832
toilet1842
to get up1858
habilitate1885
tailor1885
kit1919
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 16346 Iesus thoght ful mikel scam quen he sua scruded was.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 10448 Anna, leuedi,..scrud þe fair and mend þi chere!
c1400 Anturs of Arth. 20 (Thornton) Schruedede in a schorte cloke.
c1407 J. Lydgate Reson & Sensuallyte 353 A mantel large hir self to shroude.
a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 84 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 97 Micht [1568 Bannatyne Myterit]..Schroude in his schene weid.
†b. transferred. To adorn, deck. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautify [verb (transitive)] > ornament
dightc1200
begoa1225
fay?c1225
rustc1275
duba1300
shrouda1300
adorna1325
flourishc1325
apparel1366
depaintc1374
dressa1375
raila1375
anorna1382
orna1382
honourc1390
paintc1390
pare1393
garnisha1400
mensk?a1400
apykec1400
hightlec1400
overfretc1440
exornc1450
embroider1460
repair1484
empare1490
ornate1490
bedo?a1500
purfle?a1500
glorify?1504
betrap1509
broider1509
deck?1521
likelya1522
to set forth1530
exornate1539
grace1548
adornate1550
fardc1550
gaud1554
pink1558
bedeck1559
tight1572
begaud1579
embellish1579
bepounce1582
parela1586
flower1587
ornify1590
illustrate1592
tinsel1594
formalize1595
adore1596
suborn1596
trapper1597
condecorate1599
diamondize1600
furnish1600
enrich1601
mense1602
prank1605
overgreen1609
crown1611
enjewel1611
broocha1616
varnish1641
ornament1650
array1652
bedub1657
bespangle1675
irradiate1717
gem1747
begem1749
redeck1771
blazon1813
aggrace1825
diamond1839
panoply1851
a1300 Cursor Mundi 23404 He þat wroght al thing in lede And scrud þam alle in þair fairhede.
?a1366 Romaunt Rose 55 Ther is neither busk nor hay In May, that it nil shrouded been.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8322 It sal be precius and prude, þe werc he sal sua semele scrude.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 220 Quhen gilletis wilbe schomd and schroud, That ridden ar baith with lord and lawd?
2.
a. To give shelter or housing to; to shelter. archaic.Now only with admixture of 5 or 6.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > providing with dwelling > [verb (transitive)] > provide with temporary accommodation
innOE
harbourc1150
gestena1300
guestc1330
hostelc1330
receivec1384
sojourn1390
harbry14..
shroudc1450
bestow1577
accommodate1592
board1600
quarter1603
stow1607
to put up1635
billet1637
lodge1741
room1840
to fix (a person) up1889
summer-board1889
shack1927
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > seek (refuge) [verb (transitive)] > shelter > shelter as in a house
shroudc1450
hivec1595
house1610
roof1820
c1450 J. Lydgate Life Our Lady xviii. (1484) cvj Quod gabriel within thy blessyd syde The holy ghoost shal I shrowdyd be.
1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Apr. 32 The whiles our flockes doe graze about in sight, And we close shrowded in thys shade alone.
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iv. 80 Fayre fowls..shrowded in hard bed Of thorny thickets.
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 83 Thrust out of all they had,..not knowing where to shroud their heads.
1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. i. iv. §2. 68 One of these trees considered with all his young ones may (indeede) shrowde foure hundred or foure thousand horsemen.
1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iv. 416 Ill wast thou shrouded then, O patient Son of God. View more context for this quotation
1859 C. Barker Devel. Associative Princ. i. 13 Some quiet cell, where they might shroud their grey hairs.
1860 F. W. Farrar Ess. Origin Lang. i. 17 The joyous birds, shrouded in cheerful shade.
†b. reflexive. To take shelter. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > take refuge or shelter [verb (reflexive)]
fleea1400
shroud1553
shadea1586
ensconce1590
refuge1604
shelter1611
engarrison1682
1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique Pref. sig. A iiijv Having neither house to shroude them in, nor attyre to clothe their backes.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. i. sig. A3v Angry Ioue an hideous storme of raine Did poure into his Lemans lap..And this faire couple eke to shroud themselues were fain.
1644 J. Vicars Jehovah-jireh 193 They forced all the Musketeers..to run in and shroud themselves within their pikes.
a1652 I. Jones Most Notable Antiq. called Stone-Heng (1655) 12 Some,..made themselves places of lome and twigs,..to creep into, and shroud themselves in.
1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures xvii. 60 They came into the Port to shrewd themselves from the storm as others did.
c. intransitive. To seek shelter or retirement; to take shelter or refuge. archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > take or seek refuge [verb (intransitive)]
bield?a1400
to hide one's headc1475
shroud1579
subterfuge1622
refuge1640
to take refuge1667
haven1742
to go to earth1820
to hole up1875
1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Feb. 122 In his small bushes vsed to shrowde The sweete Nightingale.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) ii. ii. 40 I will here shrowd till the dregges of the storme be past. View more context for this quotation
1637 J. Milton Comus 11 If your stray attendance be yet lodg'd Or shroud within these limits.
1648 J. Raymond Itinerary Voy. Italy To Rdr. sig. A4 A weather beaten Traveller needs no such Umbrilla as a Patron to shroud under.
1747 W. Collins Odes 8 Wilt thou shroud in haunted Cell, Where gloomy Rape and Murder dwell?
1793–4 W. Wordsworth Guilt & Sorrow xx One who, forced from storms to shroud, Felt the loose walls of this decayed Retreat Rock.
1818 J. Keats Endymion iv. 168 What enamour'd bride, Cheated by shadowy wooer from the clouds, But hides and shrouds Beneath dark palm trees by a river side?
†d. intransitive and passive. To be huddled up or together.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (intransitive)] > crowd together > in a disorderly manner
felterc1400
shroud1530
huddle1600
pig1637
jug1653
hotter1805
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 702/1 Se howe yonder kyne shrowde to gyther for colde.
1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique 64 b Beastes and birdes without reason love one another, thei shroude, and thei flocke together.
1623 J. Taylor World runnes on Wheeles in Wks. (1630) ii. 242 Peoples guts like to be crushed out being crowded and shrowded vp against stalls.
3.
a. To cover so as to protect; to screen from injury or attack; to afford protection to. ? Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > protect or defend [verb (transitive)]
shieldc825
frithc893
werea900
i-schield971
berghOE
biwerec1000
grithc1000
witec1000
keepc1175
burghena1225
ward?c1225
hilla1240
warrantc1275
witiec1275
forhilla1300
umshadea1300
defendc1325
fendc1330
to hold in or to warrantc1330
bielda1350
warisha1375
succoura1387
defencea1398
shrouda1400
umbeshadow14..
shelvec1425
targec1430
protect?1435
obumber?1440
thorn1483
warrantise1490
charea1500
safeguard1501
heild?a1513
shend1530
warrant1530
shadow1548
fence1577
safekeep1588
bucklera1593
counterguard1594
save1595
tara1612
target1611
screenc1613
pre-arm1615
custodite1657
shelter1667
to guard against1725
cushion1836
enshield1855
mind1924
buffer1958
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > cover [verb (transitive)] > cover and protect
shrouda1400
fortify1607
loricate1623
protect1839
cocoon1948
mask1961
sleeve1980
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9902 Þis castel..o luue and grace..Wit kirnels es vm-sett ful well, Scrud on ilk side wit sele.
1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 461 Trewlie that tenefull was trimland than, Semelie schapin and schroud in that Scheild schene.
c1580 in Archaeologia 11 224 Vnder the protection of ye peere..whereby thay are shrowed from the radge of the sea.
c1582 in Archaeologia 11 227 No shelues of beache haue euer growne or remayned longer then they have byn shrowded and protected by the peer.
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1309/1 Whom he would in no wise shrowd or haue in his house and companie.
1618 S. Latham New & 2nd Bk. Falconrie xvii. 84 Shee will grow so farre in loue..with you..and account her selfe safely shrowded when shee hath your company.
1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 40 The main Castleward to shrowd these weaklings from blows and qualmes.
1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake ii. 61 From ire Of Scotland's king who shrouds my sire.
†b. reflexive. To protect oneself, seek protection. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > protect or defend [verb (reflexive)]
were993
keepc1175
skere1390
wait onc1390
shroud14..
mantlec1475
fend1865
14.. J. Lydgate Beware Doubleness 72 They have no better proteccioun But shroude hem under doublenesse.
1575 tr. A. Marlorat Apocalips 49 The sayde lawlesse libertie of whore-hunting..shrouded it selfe vnder the bond of brotherly loue.
1615 W. Lawson Country Housewifes Garden (1626) A 2 I could..so shroud my selfe from scandall vnder your honourable fauour.
a1686 T. Watson Body Pract. Divinity (1692) 376 The Thief that shrowds himself under Law.
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 2 A great many [Ships] that had shrowded themselves under our Protection.
†4.
a. To conceal in a secret place or in a secret manner. Often reflexive, to retire to a hiding place; passive to be in hiding. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > conceal oneself [verb (reflexive)]
hidec897
wryOE
shroudc1402
imbosk1562
shrine1570
thick1574
mew1581
burrow1596
dern1604
earth1609
veil1614
ensconcea1616
abscond1626
perdue1694
secrete1764
to stow away1795
c1402 J. Lydgate Compl. Black Knight 147 I..gan..Among the busshes me prively to shroude.
1564 T. Becon New Catech. in Wks. 389 Shal any man be able to shroude himselfe in such a corner, that I can not espye him?
1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 2125/2 [She] shrouded her selfe in a low ditch with nettles.
1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. iii. 135 I haue been closely shrowded in this bush, And markt you both. View more context for this quotation
1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. iv. 2 I'le shrowde my selfe behinde the Arras.
1612 J. Webster White Divel i. ii. 40 Shrowd you within this closet, good my lord.
1641–2 King Charles I Wks. (1662) I. 395 I am come to demand such Prisoners..and do believe they are shrowded in the City.
†b. intransitive. To be concealed, lie hid. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > hide, lie or hidden [verb (intransitive)]
mitheeOE
wryOE
darea1225
skulka1300
hidec1330
hulkc1330
dilla1400
droopc1420
shroudc1450
darkenc1475
conceal1591
lie1604
dern1608
burrow1614
obscurea1626
to lie (also stand, stay, etc.) perdu1701
lie close1719
c1450 J. Lydgate Life Our Lady xlviii. (1484) g vi The septer of whom..shal..neuer cese ne in couert shroude.
1576 G. Gascoigne Complaynt of Phylomene in Steele Glas sig. L How couertly doth sorow shrowde, In trymmest worldely toys.
1649 R. Lovelace Lucasta: Epodes, Odes, Sonnets, Songs 90 Or have you seene the Lightning shrowd, And straight breake through th'opposing cloud?
1662 R. Mathews Unlearned Alchymist (new ed.) 65 Many..shroud under a cloak of Religion.
5. To hide from view, as by a veil, darkness, cloud; to cover so as to conceal; to screen, veil.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > hide, conceal [verb (transitive)]
heeleOE
forhelec888
i-hedec888
dernc893
hidec897
wryOE
behelec1000
behidec1000
bewryc1000
forhidec1000
overheleOE
hilla1250
fealc1325
cover1340
forcover1382
blinda1400
hulsterc1400
overclosec1400
concealc1425
shroud1426
blend1430
close1430
shadow1436
obumber?1440
mufflea1450
alaynec1450
mew?c1450
purloin1461
to keep close?1471
oversilec1478
bewrap1481
supprime1490
occulta1500
silec1500
smoor1513
shadec1530
skleir1532
oppressa1538
hudder-mudder1544
pretex1548
lap?c1550
absconce1570
to steek away1575
couch1577
recondite1578
huddle1581
mew1581
enshrine1582
enshroud1582
mask1582
veil1582
abscondc1586
smotherc1592
blot1593
sheathe1594
immask1595
secret1595
bemist1598
palliate1598
hoodwinka1600
overmaska1600
hugger1600
obscure1600
upwrap1600
undisclose1601
disguise1605
screen1611
underfold1612
huke1613
eclipsea1616
encavea1616
ensconcea1616
obscurify1622
cloud1623
inmewa1625
beclouda1631
pretext1634
covert1647
sconce1652
tapisa1660
shun1661
sneak1701
overlay1719
secrete1741
blank1764
submerge1796
slur1813
wrap1817
buttress1820
stifle1820
disidentify1845
to stick away1900
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > cover [verb (transitive)] > cover and conceal
overwryeOE
hidec1374
forcover1382
veilc1384
overclosec1400
shroud1426
wimple1532
smotherc1592
encurtain1596
over-curtain1621
coverclea1631
bury1737
stifle1820
visor1872
becurtain1878
1426 J. Lydgate tr. G. de Guileville Pilgrimage Life Man 22288 The tother party, wonder myrk, Schrouded with a cloude dyrk.
?1504 S. Hawes Example of Vertu sig. ee.iii Lycyna eke dyd her shrowde Under a blacke and mysty clowde.
1607 Merry Devil Edmonton ii. iii. 77 That disguise will hardly shrowd my woe.
1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia ii. 32 Thus shrowding his body in the skinne by stalking he approacheth the Deere.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 62 The Father of the Gods his Glory shrowds, Involv'd in Tempests, and a Night of Clouds. View more context for this quotation
1797 A. Radcliffe Italian I. i. 21 A monk, whose face was shrouded by his cowl.
1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. II. 59 A thin transparent vapour..threatening gradually to shroud the landscape.
1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton Pelham I. vi. 41 I was shrouded at that moment from his sight by one of the yew trees.
1902 J. Buchan Watcher by Threshold v. 288 The hills, shrouded in grey mist.
1912 Stage Year Bk. 27 They performed in evening dress, but were shrouded in sombre cloaks and masks.
6.
a. In immaterial sense: To screen from observation; to envelop or wrap up, as in obscurity or mystery; to veil under an appearance or ‘show’: sometimes with implication of disguise or concealment for an evil purpose.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > keep from knowledge [verb (transitive)]
heeleOE
dernc893
mitheeOE
wryOE
buryc1175
hidec1200
dilla1300
laina1375
keepa1382
wrapa1382
cover1382
conceala1393
curea1400
shroud1412
veilc1460
smorec1480
cele1484
suppress1533
wrap1560
smoulder1571
squat1577
muffle1582
estrange1611
screen1621
lock1646
umbrage1675
reserve1719
restrict1802
hugger-mugger1803
mask1841
ward1881
thimblerig1899
marzipan1974
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > semblance, outward show > present speciously [verb (transitive)] > conceal real state
dissimulec1374
feigna1393
shroud1412
abuse?a1439
counterfeit1490
cloak1509
dissemblea1535
maska1593
dissimulate1610
disguisea1616
pretext1634
mascherate1654
veil1700
camouflage1917
1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy i. 2262 Whiche in þe ende, to her confusioun, Can vnder sugre schrowden her poysoun.
1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1555) ii. 40 The poetes..underneth the trouth doth so shroude, Both good an yll.
1579 S. Gosson Schoole of Abuse Ep. Ded. sig. ☞4 The shorteste Pamphlette maye shrowde matter.
c1592 Faire Em sig. C2 Is this William the Conqueror, shrouded vnder The name of sir Robert of Windsor?
1634 W. Tirwhyt tr. J. L. G. de Balzac Lett. 340 I honour vertue..under what shape soever it is shrowded.
1642 H. More Ψυχωδια Platonica sig. K3 Nor doth the soul that in this flesh doth croud Her self rely on that thick vapour where she's shroud.
1726 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xix. 343 Irresolute of soul, his state to shrowd In dark disguise.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. v. v. 308 The Queen, shrouded in deepest mystery.
1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella I. i. vii. 259 Its proceedings were impenetrably shrouded from the public eye.
1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. ii. xii. 288 We find her communications..frequently shrouded in cipher.
1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. ii. 64 The whole of the short reign of Eadwig is shrouded in mystery.
1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vi. §3. 286 His indolence and gaiety were mere veils beneath which Edward shrouded a profound political ability.
b. reflexive.
ΚΠ
a1569 A. Kingsmill Conf. containing Conflict with Satan 12 in Most Excellent & Comfortable Treat. (new ed.) (1578) He shrowdeth himselfe under the robe of trueth.
a1577 G. Gascoigne Grief of Joye iv. xi, in Compl. Wks. (1910) II. 550 I graunt that pastyme ys the lowly porte, Wherein mans mynde, maie shrewd yt selfe full oft.
1606 L. Bryskett Disc. Ciuill Life 84 If it happen that any abuse do grow and shrowd it selfe vnder the name of a custome.
1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine iv. ii. 21 The remains of that nation, which escaped that dismall overthrow, shrowded themselves under the names of some neighbouring people.
1791 E. Burke Appeal New to Old Whigs 84 Mr. Burke, instead of shrowding himself in exploded ignorance ought to have taken advantage of the blaze of illumination .
1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward II. ii. 52 Courage occasionally shrouds itself under the show of modest timidity.
1882 W. Ballantine Some Exper. Barrister's Life xxiv. 233 He shrouded himself with a solemn air as if he was thinking profoundly.
1889 H. F. Wood Englishman Rue Caïn xi When I see some fellow shrouding himself in studied silence.
7. To put a shroud on (a corpse), lay in a shroud; hence, to prepare for burial, bury.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > bury or entomb [verb (transitive)]
bedelveOE
begraveOE
burya1000
beburyc1000
bifel-ec1000
layc1000
to fall, lull, lay (bring obs.) asleepOE
tombc1275
gravec1300
inter1303
rekec1330
to lap in leadc1340
to lay to rest, abed, to bed1340
lie1387
to louk in clay (lead, etc.)?a1400
to lay lowa1425
earthc1450
sepulture1490
to put awaya1500
tyrea1500
mould1530
to graith in the grave1535
ingrave1535
intumulate1535
sepult1544
intumil?c1550
yird1562
shrinea1566
infera1575
entomb1576
sepelite1577
shroud1577
funeral1578
to load with earth1578
delve1587
to lay up1591
sepulchrize1595
pit-hole1607
infuneral1610
mool1610
inhumate1612
inurna1616
inhume1616
pit1621
tumulate1623
sepulchrea1626
turf1628
underlay1639
urna1657
to lay to sleep, asleep1701
envaulta1745
plant1785
ensepulchre1820
sheugh1839
to put under1879
to lay away1885
the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > preparation or treatment of corpse > prepare corpse [verb (transitive)] > bind or wrap in shroud
bindc1000
winda1325
trammel1536
shroud1577
sock1584
1577 T. Kendall tr. Politianus et al. Flowers of Epigrammes f. 77 This cuttes, his graue must cost a groate, to shrowde his carrin corse.
c1610–15 Some Notes before Liues in C. Horstmann Lives Women Saints (1886) 24 That I may for pouertie be shrowded in a sheete of an other bodies.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iv. iii. 23 If I doe die before thee, prethee shrowd [1623 shrow'd] me In one of those same sheetes. View more context for this quotation
1681 Disc. Tanger 24 The Earl commanded the two dead Bodies..to be decently washt, and shrouded.
1718 G. Sewell To Ladies in Proclam. Cupid 8 He has been shrowded—full three hundred Years.
1813 H. Smith & J. Smith Horace in London ii. vi. 129 Chaunt, widow'd muse, my dying speech, And shroud my ashes in the abbey.
1856 G. Grote Hist. Greece XII. ii. xcvi. 453 He..caused his dead body to be honorably shrouded and transmitted into Macedonia for burial.
1858 R. S. Hawker in Life (1905) 307 The..place wherein I have laid out and shrouded and coffined now four and twenty dead Sailors.
†8. To include, embrace. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > condition or state of being inclusive > include [verb (transitive)] > in a class, description, or reckoning
accounta1464
lap1552
include1575
shroud1593
comprise1597
list1622
classicate1654
classa1658
distribute1664
to run over ——1724
immerse1734
group1759
compute1818
classify1854
count1857
to ring in1916
1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares T 4 b Vnder Gluttony, I shrowde not onely excesse in meate, but in drinke also.
9. Mechanics. To furnish (the sail of a windmill, a waterwheel) with shrouds. Also in gen. use with reference to the provision of a shroud in variant technical senses. Cf. shroud n.1 7.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > mills > provide with mill [verb (transitive)] > alter sails of windmill
shroud1660
weather1746
unclothe1825
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > other parts > operate other parts [verb (transitive)] > provide with screen or covering
shroud1913
1660 ‘R. D'Acres’ Art Water-drawing 9 The other sort of Horizontal sailes with shrouds, move more quietly, but with no worthy strength, though the one half be shrouded never so wel.
1845 P. Barlow Manuf. in Encycl. Metrop. VIII. 88/2 The sides [of a breast wheel] are also sometimes close shrouded, or closed in on the sides to retain the Water, and it thus becomes a sort of bucket wheel.
1869 W. J. M. Rankine Cycl. Machine & Hand-tools Pl.J 3 The crank plate..being shrouded to a certain extent around the periphery.
1913 S. J. Reed Turbines applied to Marine Propulsion iii. 41 In both of the above systems the tips of the blades are shrouded with a steel strip, a projecting piece being left on the blade tip which passes through a hole in the shroud and which is eventually riveted over.
1948 Chambers's Jrnl. July 392/2 Mica is used to support the input sockets, thus preventing breakdowns owing to heat, and the sockets are also shrouded for safety and the prevention of shock.
1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) IV. 292/2 Shrouding a propeller may be used on a ship to decrease interference of propeller and hull.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

shroudv.2

Brit. /ʃraʊd/, U.S. /ʃraʊd/
Forms: Also 1500s–1600s shrowd(e, shrood.
Etymology: < shroud n.3 Compare shride v.2
local.
transitive. To lop (a tree or its branches); also with off; occasionally absol.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > [verb (transitive)] > trees: prune or lop
sneda800
shredc1000
crop?c1225
purgec1384
parea1398
shear1398
shridea1425
dodc1440
polla1449
twist1483
top1509
stow1513
lop1519
bough?1523
head?1523
poll-shred1530
prune1547
prime1565
twig1570
reform1574
disbranch1575
shroud1577
snathe1609
detruncate1623
amputate1638
abnodate1656
duba1661
to strip up1664
reprune1666
pollard1670
shrub1682
log1699
switch1811
limb1835
preen1847
to cut back1871
shrig1873
brash1950
summer prune1980
1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. ii. xvi. f. 90v/2, in R. Holinshed Chron. I To shrowd stay vpright, and chearish the same [trees] in the blustering winters weather.
1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 493 [One] who..may pare away all rotten and vnsauory subtilties,..may shrowde of all vnprofitable and withered superfluities and reduplications.
1582 B.N.C. Docum. (Marston R.2 2) The Queen may shrood or lop anie tree or trees.
1662 in C. R. L. Fletcher Collectanea (1885) I. 246 All such pollards the tenants..shrowd when they make their hedges.
1764 Museum Rusticum 2 lii. 149 I..requested him either to cut down the elms, or permit me to shrowd them.
1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. III. ii. 26 By the time the tree was felled and shrouded, Tom was in a convalescent state.
1887 T. Hardy Woodlanders I. xiii. 232 I'll climb up this afternoon, and shroud off the lower boughs.
c1890 W. Morris in J. W. Mackail Life W. Morris (1899) I. 7 The said hornbeams were all pollards, being shrouded every four or six years.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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