simneln.

Brit.

/ˈsɪmnl/, U.S.

/ˈsɪmnəl/

Forms: Middle English sawnel (in compounds), Middle English sennel (in compounds), Middle English simenel, Middle English sonnel (in compounds), Middle English symenel, Middle English symnylle, Middle English symynel, Middle English–1500s symnelle, Middle English–1600s symnell, Middle English 1600s–1700s cymnel, Middle English–1800s symnel, 1500s–1600s simnell, 1500s– simnel, 1600s cimnell, 1600s cymnell, 1600s–1700s cimnel, 1700s simnal; also Scottish pre-1700 semell, pre-1700 semill, pre-1700 symmell, pre-1700 synnall.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French simenel; Latin simenellus, siminellus, simnellus.

Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman symenel, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French simenel biscuit or cake made from fine wheat flour (early 12th cent.), fine wheat flour (late 13th cent. or earlier; French (now regional: Normandy) cheminel , chemineau , (Guernsey) simenel , denoting various breads or cakes made from fine flour), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin simenellus, siminellus, simnellus fine wheat flour, fine flour, loaf of bread made of fine white flour (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources), by dissimilation < an unattested post-classical Latin form *similellus < classical Latin simila wheat flour (a loanword < a Semitic language, ultimately < Akkadian samīdu fine flour, as is ancient Greek σεμίδαλις fine flour) + -ellus -ellus suffix; compare -el suffix².Classical Latin simila was also borrowed into several other Germanic languages at an early date. Compare Old High German simela , simala , simila , semila fine flour (Middle High German simele , semele fine flour, bread made of fine flour, German Semmel bread roll), and also Middle Dutch semel , semele bread made of fine wheat flour, bran (Dutch zemel bran), Middle Low German semel , semele fine wheat flour, bread made of fine wheat flour, (more usually) bran. It is unclear whether the following instances of vernacular forms in a Latin context should be taken as showing the Middle English or the Anglo-Norman word:a1300 Liber de Situ Ecclesiæ Belli in W. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum (1846) III. 242/1 Constituens..panem regiæ mensæ aptum, qui Simenel vulgo vocatur, habere pondere lx. solidorum.a1325 (c1296) in H. G. Richardson & G. O. Sayles Fleta (1955) II. ii. ix. 117 Panis vero de symenel minus wastello de ij. s., quia bis coctus erit.Attested earlier as a surname (Gaufridus Simenell , 1207), although this probably reflects currency of the Anglo-Norman rather than the Middle English noun. Specific senses. In sense 3 so called on account of the fruit's resemblance to the traditional form of a simnel cake with a raised pastry crust coloured with saffron and with a crenellated edge to the lid (compare quot. 1705 and see note at simnel cake n. at Compounds 2). Specific forms. Middle English and Older Scots forms with -nn-, -wn-, -mm- probably reflect assimilation of consonants rather than transmission errors.

a. A kind of cake, bun, or small loaf made with fine flour and prepared by boiling, sometimes with subsequent baking. Now historical.Such cakes or buns are often referred to as dry or plain (although made from ingredients of high quality), and as such would seem to be distinct from sense 2. Unambiguous references to the making or consumption of simnels in this sense become increasingly scarce during the 18th cent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > [noun] > simnel bread

simnelc1300

simnel cake1699

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) l. 779 For hom he brouthe fele siþe Wastels, simenels with þe horn.

c1350 in H. E. Salter Mediaeval Arch. Univ. Oxf. (1921) II. 134 Þe ferþyng frensh lof shall weye as moche as þe symnel.

a1425 Dialogue Reason & Adversity (Cambr.) (1968) 39 (MED) Haue he barly bred or a ryȝe kake he wol not a bide to þou seende for symnelle to þe bakers houȝs.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 77 Cymnel, brede, artocopus.

c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 565/43 Artocopus, a symynel.

1464 in H. Anstey Epistolae Academicae Oxon. (1898) II. 710 Pistandum..in vigiliis Sanctorum et Sanctarum jejunabilibus, ac etiam in Quadragesima, panes vulgariter nuncupatos ‘Wygges’ et ‘Symnelles’.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ezek. xvi. 19 Thou didest eate nothinge but symnels, honny & oyle.

1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health iv. 24 Cakes of all formes, Simnels, Cracknels, Bunnes, Wafers, and other things made of wheate flowre.

1599 J. Minsheu Percyvall's Dict. Spanish & Eng. at Alexú Kinde of bisket, or simnell made of honie and spice.

1608 A. Willet Hexapla in Exodum 663 Cakes tempered with oyle in the frying pan, and wafers boyled in water..like vnto our simnels.

1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. xxv. 237 Others sod it [sc. bread] in seam like fritters; others boild it in water like cimnels.

1702 J. K. tr. F. Massialot Court & Country Cook 243 Having provided Simnels made of Water, according to the size of your Dish, cut them into halves, as it were an Orange, leaving the Crust on the top and underneath.

1743 Proc. King's Comm. Peace (City of London & County of Middlesex) 303/2 I think it was a Cake that they call a Simnel... I think they are very hard, with a Crust on the outside, and difficult to be cut?

1754 R. Brookes Introd. Physic & Surg. 83 Those Aliments are binding which are hard, lean, austere, acid, harsh, toasted or baked. Biscuits, Simnels, hard Eggs, Cheese, [etc.].

1783 Gentleman's Mag. 53 ii. 578 Some things customary probably refer simply to the idea of feasting or mortification... Of these, perhaps, are..cross-buns, saffron-cakes, or symnels, in Passion week, though these, being formerly at least unleavened, may have a retrospect to the unleavened bread of the Jews.

1859 J. Harland Lancashire Lieutenancy under Tudors & Stuarts I. p. ci Wastel-bread was well-baked white bread, next in quality below the simnel.

1973 C. A. Wilson Food & Drink in Brit. vii. 268 The medieval simnel died out in the later seventeenth century, and its name was transferred to a rich fruit cake baked for mid-Lent.

b. In Jersey: a kind of thin biscuit made from fine wheat flour and water.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > biscuit > [noun] > other biscuits

dorcake14..

cracknelc1440

hard breada1500

crackling1598

Naples biscuit1650

gingerbread man1686

chocolate biscuit1702

biscotin1723

sponge biscuit1736

maple biscuita1753

butter biscuit1758

nut1775

Oliver biscuit1786

funeral biscuit1790

rock biscuit?1790

ratafia1801

finger biscuit1812

Savoy drop1816

lady's finger1818

snap1819

Abernethy1830

pretzel1831

wine-biscuit1834

gingersnap1838

captain's biscuit1843

lebkuchen1847

simnel1854

sugar cookie1854

peppernut1862

McClellan pie1863

Savoy ring1866

Brown George1867

beaten biscuit1876

digestive1876

Osborne1876

Bath Oliver1878

marie1878

boer biscuit1882

charcoal biscuit1885

biscotti1886

fairing1888

snickerdoodle1889

pfeffernuss1891

zwieback1894

Nice1895

Garibaldi biscuit1896

Oswegoc1900

squashed fly1900

amaretto1905

boerebeskuit1905

Romary1905

petit beurre1906

Oswego biscuit1907

soetkoekie1910

Oreo1912

custard cream1916

Anzac1923

sweet biscuit1929

langue de chat1931

Bourbon biscuit1932

Afghan1934

flapjack1935

Florentine1936

chocolate chip cookie1938

choc chip cookie1940

Toll House cookie1940

tuile1943

pizzelle1949

black and white1967

Romany Cream1970

papri1978

1854 Notes & Queries 11 Nov. 393/2 Simnel. In the island of Jersey the name is still applied to a kind of thin biscuit made of the finest wheaten flour and water.

1863 J. B. Payne Gossiping Guide Jersey p. xiii Biscuit.—Peculiar to the Island, called Simnel; flat, in shape of a saucer.

1898 G. Parker Battle of Strong v. 33 An aged crone was offering, without price, simnels and black butter, as a sort of propitiation for an imperfect past.

1970 R. Lempriere Portrait of Channel Islands ix. 160 The Jersey simnel, a sort of bowl-shaped biscuit made from flour, sugar, eggs and butter.

2. British. A fruit cake, now typically with a marzipan covering and decoration, traditionally eaten on Mid-Lent Sunday or (in later use) at Easter; = simnel cake n. at Compounds 2.It is possible that quot. 1599 belongs at sense 1a; cf. quot. 1599 at that sense.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > consumables > cake > [noun]

molea1547

simnel1599

soul-mass cake1661

simlin1836

Haman's ears1846

Shrewsbury simnel1883

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > cake > [noun] > a cake > cake for specific occasion > mid-Lent

simnel1599

simnel cake1699

Shrewsbury simnel1883

1599 J. Minsheu Percyvall's Dict. Spanish & Eng. at Bueñól A simnell or bunne made of flower, oile and raisins.

1648 R. Herrick Hesperides sig. T3^v I'le to thee a Simnell bring, 'Gainst thou go'st a mothering.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 293/2 A Simnell, is a thick copped Cake, or Loaf made of white Bread, Knodden up with Saffron and Currans.

1745 Veillée a la Campagne 9 The Fidlers, at my Lady's Call, Play'd up the Simnel thro' the Hall.

1769 Lloyd's Evening Post 3 Mar. 225/2 Monday morning last was sent in our stage waggon, directed to Mr. Wilkes, a Simnel, two feet diameter..; on the top of it, wrote in letters of silver, was the following motto.

1820 Morning Chron. 5 Dec. Some females of this town [sc. Shrewsbury] have raised a subscription to present her Majesty with a large ornamented and beautiful cake, and a large simnel.

1822 Let. 22 Mar. in To Radical Reformers Eng., Scotl., & Irel. 8 Apr. 20 The Reformers of Bury..beg your acceptance of the simnel that accompanies this, as a mark of their esteem.

1851 Notes & Queries 1st Ser. 3 506 A rich sort of cake, consisting of a thick crust of saffron-bread filled with currants, citron, and all the usual ingredients of wedding-cake, which is called a simnel.

1872 C. Hardwick Trad., Superstitions, & Folk-lore 76 The ‘simnels’ eaten on Mid-Lent, or ‘Mothering’ Sunday.

1900 Daily News 14 Apr. 6/6 The majority of people now keep their Simnels until Easter Sunday.

1955 Manch. Guardian 28 Mar. 3/4 Here is a recipe for an Almond Simnel which I bought from a Lancashire confectioner.

1976 C. Hole Brit. Folk Customs 185/2 The Shrewsbury simnel..is rich and dark, with a thick hard crust of almond paste... The Devizes simnel is star-shaped, without a crust; the Bury cake is flattish, usually round and thickest in the middle, and full of currants, spices, almonds and candied peel.

2017 Manch. Evening News (Nexis) 18 Mar. 11 Bury has long been noted for its Simnels, which are sent to relatives and friends almost all over the globe.

†3. Originally U.S. Any of several squashes, esp. the pattypan squash; = simlin n. 2. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > fruits as vegetables > squash

melon-pompion1577

simnel1640

squash1643

cushaw1698

simlin1775

squash-pumpkin1819

squash gourd1823

summer crookneck1832

melon pumpkin1840

bush gourd1842

crook-neck1844

Hubbard squash1868

mirliton1901

butternut pumpkin1916

buttercup1930

butternut1940

1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum vi. xxi. 768 (heading) Cucurbita clypeiformis sive laciniata. The Buckler or Simnell Gourd.

1648 B. Plantagenet Descr. New Albion 25 Strawberries, Mulberries, Symnels, Maycocks and Horns like Cucumbers.

1705 R. Beverley Hist. Virginia ii. iv. 27 The Clypeatæ are sometimes call'd Cymnels (as are some others also), from the Lenten Cake of that Name, which many of them very much resemble.

1749 Universal Mag. Apr. 157/1 And prodigious pumpkins [on Tobago]..; with simnels and squashes much of a nature concordant.

1774 J. Gordon Planters, Florists, & Gardeners Pocket Dict. App. 3/2 The fourth Class [of Seeds] are such as may be kept three years or more. Amaranthus or Flower-gentle..Simnel or Squash.

Compounds

C1. General attributive (in senses 1, 2).

ΚΠ

1343 Acct. Rolls Great Amwell in Middle Eng. Dict. at Simenel Sonnelsilver.

a1400 in M. R. James Catal. Western Manuscripts Trinity Coll. Cambr. (1902) III. 91 Simenel hornes ber none þornes Alleluya.

1592 Assise of Bread (rev. ed.) sig. B3 They maye bake, and sell Simnell bread, wastell, white, wheaton, housholde, and Horsebreades.

1685 R. Brady Compl. Hist. Eng. 443 Twelve of the Kings Biscuits, or Simnel Loaves, made of fine Wheat flower and twice baked.

1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe I. xiv. 284 A quantity of rich pastry, as well as of the simnel-bread and wastle cakes.

1912 H. Maxwell Early Chron. Scotl. v. 194 From the moment he entered England, the King of Scots was to be supplied with twelve royal wastel cakes and twelve royal simnel loaves.

2007 E. Chadwick Place beyond Courage xlii. 450 There was a cloth on the coffer and when he lifted it, he found half a simnel loaf and some of Sybilla's cheese.

C2.

simnel cake n. British †(a) a kind of cake, bun, or small loaf made with fine flour and prepared by boiling, sometimes with subsequent baking; cf. sense 1a (obsolete); (b) a fruit cake, typically topped with marzipan and decorated with balls of marzipan or sugar paste, now eaten especially at Easter or during Lent; cf. sense 2.Until the 20th century the cake described at sense (b) seems to have been associated specifically with Mothering Sunday (cf. Simnel Sunday n.), but it is now more widely regarded as an Easter cake. The modern marzipan-topped form of the cake, typically decorated with eleven balls (generally understood as representing the apostles excepting Judas), also appears to date from the early 20th century; prior to that a typical simnel cake was enclosed in a raised pastry crust coloured with saffron, sometimes with a crenellated edge to the lid.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > [noun] > simnel bread

simnelc1300

simnel cake1699

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > cake > bun > [noun]

bun1371

wig1376

barley-bun1552

simnel cake1699

simlin1701

muffin1703

Chelsea bun1711

cross-bun1733

hot cross bun1733

penny bun1777

Sally Lunn1780

huffkin1790

Bath-bun1801

teacake1832

English muffin1842

saffron bun1852

Belgian bun1854

Valentine-bun1854

cinnamon roll1872

lunn1874

Yorkshire teacake1877

barmbrack1878

cinnamon bun1879

sticky bun1880

pan dulce1882

schnecke1899

wad1919

tabnab1933

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > cake > [noun] > a cake > other cakes

honey appleeOE

barley-cake1393

seed cakea1400

cake?a1425

pudding-cake?1553

manchet1562

biscuit cake1593

placent1598

poplin1600

jumbal1615

bread pudding1623

semel1643

wine-cakea1661

Shrewsbury cake1670

curd cake1675

fruitcake1687

clap-bread1691

simnel cake1699

orange-flower cake1718

banana cake1726

sweet-cake1726

torte1748

Naples cake1766

Bath cake1769

gofer1769

yeast-cake1795

nutcake1801

tipsy-cake1806

cruller1808

baba1813

lady's finger1818

coconut cake1824

mint cake1825

sices1825

cup-cake1828

batter-cake1830

buckwheat1830

Dundee seed cake1833

fat-cake1839

babka1846

wonder1848

popover1850

cream-cake1855

sly-cake1855

dripping-cake1857

lard-cake1858

puffet1860

quick cake1865

barnbrack1867

matrimony cake1871

brioche1873

Nelson cake1877

cocoa cake1883

sesame cake1883

marinade1888

mystery1889

oblietjie1890

stuffed monkey1892

Greek bread1893

Battenberg1903

Oswego cake1907

nusstorte1911

dump cake1912

Dobos Torte1915

lekach1918

buckle1935

Florentine1936

hash cake1967

space cake1984

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > cake > [noun] > a cake > cake for specific occasion > mid-Lent

simnel1599

simnel cake1699

Shrewsbury simnel1883

1699 G. Blackhall Rules for Assizing of Bread sig. bii We had some very lately made in Dublin, in form of a Cup or small Porringer, of a hard and brickle Quality..and those who sold it in the Streets, called it Simnel Cakes.

1769 Whitehall Evening Post 4 Mar. The fine rich Simnel cake, weighing 45 lb. that was sent in the stage-waggon from Salop.

1840 W. Howitt Rural Life Eng. (ed. 2) vi. xvi. 590 In Lancashire and Cheshire they still eat Simnel cake on Mid-lent Sunday.

1863 R. Chambers Bk. of Days I. 336/1 A sort of rich and expensive cakes, which are called Simnel Cakes.

1915 M. Byron Pot-luck (ed. 2) xviii. 333 Simnel cake (Gloucestershire). Take a quarter of a pound of flour, three ounces of mixed peel, [etc.]... Line a tin with greased paper, pour in mixture, and bake in gentle oven... When cold, make some almond paste. Put a layer on top of cake. Form remainder into round balls.

1992 S. R. Charsley Wedding Cakes & Cultural Hist. vi. 73 The simnel cake as a marzipan Easter speciality was..a product of commercial initiative at the same period [sc. the nineteenth century].

2018 Express (Nexis) 2 Apr. 28 When you add up the hot-cross buns, roast dinner and simnel cake scoffed over the Easter period, it's no surprise that most of us put on a pound or two over the long weekend.

Simnel Sunday n. chiefly English regional (Lancashire) Mothering Sunday (Mid-Lent Sunday), so called because of the cakes that were traditionally given as gifts on this day.

ΚΠ

1822 J. Ray Let. 22 Mar. in H. Hunt Corr.: Lett. & Addr. Radical Reform 8 Apr. 20 Midlent Sunday, or (as it was formerly called by the Catholics) the Sunday of refreshment, and now denominated by the inhabitants of this town [sc. Bury] Simnel Sunday, is the principal festival that is kept here.

1843 Manch. Times 22 Apr. 6/6 Upwards of twenty publicans, residing in or near Eccles, were summoned to the New Bailey..for keeping their houses open during the hours of divine service on mid-lent or simnel Sunday.

1954 Manch. Guardian 29 Mar. 1/6 Simnel cake and mulled ale were ‘on the house’ at the Fairfield Inn, Bury, yesterday, as a reminder..of Simnel Sunday.

1990 Times 24 Mar. 45/4 In rural areas it [sc. Mothering Sunday] is still sometimes called Simnel Sunday.

Derivatives

† simnel-wise adv. Obsolete as one would make a simnel (sense 2).

ΚΠ

1711 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1889) III. 134 A Noble Cake, made Simnel-wise.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	simnel
释义	simneln. Brit. /ˈsɪmnl/, U.S. /ˈsɪmnəl/ Forms: Middle English sawnel (in compounds), Middle English sennel (in compounds), Middle English simenel, Middle English sonnel (in compounds), Middle English symenel, Middle English symnylle, Middle English symynel, Middle English–1500s symnelle, Middle English–1600s symnell, Middle English 1600s–1700s cymnel, Middle English–1800s symnel, 1500s–1600s simnell, 1500s– simnel, 1600s cimnell, 1600s cymnell, 1600s–1700s cimnel, 1700s simnal; also Scottish pre-1700 semell, pre-1700 semill, pre-1700 symmell, pre-1700 synnall. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French simenel; Latin simenellus, siminellus, simnellus. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman symenel, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French simenel biscuit or cake made from fine wheat flour (early 12th cent.), fine wheat flour (late 13th cent. or earlier; French (now regional: Normandy) cheminel , chemineau , (Guernsey) simenel , denoting various breads or cakes made from fine flour), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin simenellus, siminellus, simnellus fine wheat flour, fine flour, loaf of bread made of fine white flour (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources), by dissimilation < an unattested post-classical Latin form similellus < classical Latin simila* wheat flour (a loanword < a Semitic language, ultimately < Akkadian samīdu fine flour, as is ancient Greek σεμίδαλις fine flour) + -ellus -ellus suffix; compare -el suffix².Classical Latin simila was also borrowed into several other Germanic languages at an early date. Compare Old High German simela , simala , simila , semila fine flour (Middle High German simele , semele fine flour, bread made of fine flour, German Semmel bread roll), and also Middle Dutch semel , semele bread made of fine wheat flour, bran (Dutch zemel bran), Middle Low German semel , semele fine wheat flour, bread made of fine wheat flour, (more usually) bran. It is unclear whether the following instances of vernacular forms in a Latin context should be taken as showing the Middle English or the Anglo-Norman word:a1300 Liber de Situ Ecclesiæ Belli in W. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum (1846) III. 242/1 Constituens..panem regiæ mensæ aptum, qui Simenel vulgo vocatur, habere pondere lx. solidorum.a1325 (c1296) in H. G. Richardson & G. O. Sayles Fleta (1955) II. ii. ix. 117 Panis vero de symenel minus wastello de ij. s., quia bis coctus erit.Attested earlier as a surname (Gaufridus Simenell , 1207), although this probably reflects currency of the Anglo-Norman rather than the Middle English noun. Specific senses. In sense 3 so called on account of the fruit's resemblance to the traditional form of a simnel cake with a raised pastry crust coloured with saffron and with a crenellated edge to the lid (compare quot. 1705 and see note at simnel cake n. at Compounds 2). Specific forms. Middle English and Older Scots forms with -nn-, -wn-, -mm- probably reflect assimilation of consonants rather than transmission errors. 1. a. A kind of cake, bun, or small loaf made with fine flour and prepared by boiling, sometimes with subsequent baking. Now historical.Such cakes or buns are often referred to as dry or plain (although made from ingredients of high quality), and as such would seem to be distinct from sense 2. Unambiguous references to the making or consumption of simnels in this sense become increasingly scarce during the 18th cent. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > [noun] > simnel bread simnelc1300 simnel cake1699 c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) l. 779 For hom he brouthe fele siþe Wastels, simenels with þe horn. c1350 in H. E. Salter Mediaeval Arch. Univ. Oxf. (1921) II. 134 Þe ferþyng frensh lof shall weye as moche as þe symnel. a1425 Dialogue Reason & Adversity (Cambr.) (1968) 39 (MED) Haue he barly bred or a ryȝe kake he wol not a bide to þou seende for symnelle to þe bakers houȝs. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 77 Cymnel, brede, artocopus. c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 565/43 Artocopus, a symynel. 1464 in H. Anstey Epistolae Academicae Oxon. (1898) II. 710 Pistandum..in vigiliis Sanctorum et Sanctarum jejunabilibus, ac etiam in Quadragesima, panes vulgariter nuncupatos ‘Wygges’ et ‘Symnelles’. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ezek. xvi. 19 Thou didest eate nothinge but symnels, honny & oyle. 1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health iv. 24 Cakes of all formes, Simnels, Cracknels, Bunnes, Wafers, and other things made of wheate flowre. 1599 J. Minsheu Percyvall's Dict. Spanish & Eng. at Alexú Kinde of bisket, or simnell made of honie and spice. 1608 A. Willet Hexapla in Exodum 663 Cakes tempered with oyle in the frying pan, and wafers boyled in water..like vnto our simnels. 1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. xxv. 237 Others sod it [sc. bread] in seam like fritters; others boild it in water like cimnels. 1702 J. K. tr. F. Massialot Court & Country Cook 243 Having provided Simnels made of Water, according to the size of your Dish, cut them into halves, as it were an Orange, leaving the Crust on the top and underneath. 1743 Proc. King's Comm. Peace (City of London & County of Middlesex) 303/2 I think it was a Cake that they call a Simnel... I think they are very hard, with a Crust on the outside, and difficult to be cut? 1754 R. Brookes Introd. Physic & Surg. 83 Those Aliments are binding which are hard, lean, austere, acid, harsh, toasted or baked. Biscuits, Simnels, hard Eggs, Cheese, [etc.]. 1783 Gentleman's Mag. 53 ii. 578 Some things customary probably refer simply to the idea of feasting or mortification... Of these, perhaps, are..cross-buns, saffron-cakes, or symnels, in Passion week, though these, being formerly at least unleavened, may have a retrospect to the unleavened bread of the Jews. 1859 J. Harland Lancashire Lieutenancy under Tudors & Stuarts I. p. ci Wastel-bread was well-baked white bread, next in quality below the simnel. 1973 C. A. Wilson Food & Drink in Brit. vii. 268 The medieval simnel died out in the later seventeenth century, and its name was transferred to a rich fruit cake baked for mid-Lent. b. In Jersey: a kind of thin biscuit made from fine wheat flour and water. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > biscuit > [noun] > other biscuits dorcake14.. cracknelc1440 hard breada1500 crackling1598 Naples biscuit1650 gingerbread man1686 chocolate biscuit1702 biscotin1723 sponge biscuit1736 maple biscuita1753 butter biscuit1758 nut1775 Oliver biscuit1786 funeral biscuit1790 rock biscuit?1790 ratafia1801 finger biscuit1812 Savoy drop1816 lady's finger1818 snap1819 Abernethy1830 pretzel1831 wine-biscuit1834 gingersnap1838 captain's biscuit1843 lebkuchen1847 simnel1854 sugar cookie1854 peppernut1862 McClellan pie1863 Savoy ring1866 Brown George1867 beaten biscuit1876 digestive1876 Osborne1876 Bath Oliver1878 marie1878 boer biscuit1882 charcoal biscuit1885 biscotti1886 fairing1888 snickerdoodle1889 pfeffernuss1891 zwieback1894 Nice1895 Garibaldi biscuit1896 Oswegoc1900 squashed fly1900 amaretto1905 boerebeskuit1905 Romary1905 petit beurre1906 Oswego biscuit1907 soetkoekie1910 Oreo1912 custard cream1916 Anzac1923 sweet biscuit1929 langue de chat1931 Bourbon biscuit1932 Afghan1934 flapjack1935 Florentine1936 chocolate chip cookie1938 choc chip cookie1940 Toll House cookie1940 tuile1943 pizzelle1949 black and white1967 Romany Cream1970 papri1978 1854 Notes & Queries 11 Nov. 393/2 Simnel. In the island of Jersey the name is still applied to a kind of thin biscuit made of the finest wheaten flour and water. 1863 J. B. Payne Gossiping Guide Jersey p. xiii Biscuit.—Peculiar to the Island, called Simnel; flat, in shape of a saucer. 1898 G. Parker Battle of Strong v. 33 An aged crone was offering, without price, simnels and black butter, as a sort of propitiation for an imperfect past. 1970 R. Lempriere Portrait of Channel Islands ix. 160 The Jersey simnel, a sort of bowl-shaped biscuit made from flour, sugar, eggs and butter. 2. British. A fruit cake, now typically with a marzipan covering and decoration, traditionally eaten on Mid-Lent Sunday or (in later use) at Easter; = simnel cake n. at Compounds 2.It is possible that quot. 1599 belongs at sense 1a; cf. quot. 1599 at that sense. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > consumables > cake > [noun] molea1547 simnel1599 soul-mass cake1661 simlin1836 Haman's ears1846 Shrewsbury simnel1883 the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > cake > [noun] > a cake > cake for specific occasion > mid-Lent simnel1599 simnel cake1699 Shrewsbury simnel1883 1599 J. Minsheu Percyvall's Dict. Spanish & Eng. at Bueñól A simnell or bunne made of flower, oile and raisins. 1648 R. Herrick Hesperides sig. T3^v I'le to thee a Simnell bring, 'Gainst thou go'st a mothering. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 293/2 A Simnell, is a thick copped Cake, or Loaf made of white Bread, Knodden up with Saffron and Currans. 1745 Veillée a la Campagne 9 The Fidlers, at my Lady's Call, Play'd up the Simnel thro' the Hall. 1769 Lloyd's Evening Post 3 Mar. 225/2 Monday morning last was sent in our stage waggon, directed to Mr. Wilkes, a Simnel, two feet diameter..; on the top of it, wrote in letters of silver, was the following motto. 1820 Morning Chron. 5 Dec. Some females of this town [sc. Shrewsbury] have raised a subscription to present her Majesty with a large ornamented and beautiful cake, and a large simnel. 1822 Let. 22 Mar. in To Radical Reformers Eng., Scotl., & Irel. 8 Apr. 20 The Reformers of Bury..beg your acceptance of the simnel that accompanies this, as a mark of their esteem. 1851 Notes & Queries 1st Ser. 3 506 A rich sort of cake, consisting of a thick crust of saffron-bread filled with currants, citron, and all the usual ingredients of wedding-cake, which is called a simnel. 1872 C. Hardwick Trad., Superstitions, & Folk-lore 76 The ‘simnels’ eaten on Mid-Lent, or ‘Mothering’ Sunday. 1900 Daily News 14 Apr. 6/6 The majority of people now keep their Simnels until Easter Sunday. 1955 Manch. Guardian 28 Mar. 3/4 Here is a recipe for an Almond Simnel which I bought from a Lancashire confectioner. 1976 C. Hole Brit. Folk Customs 185/2 The Shrewsbury simnel..is rich and dark, with a thick hard crust of almond paste... The Devizes simnel is star-shaped, without a crust; the Bury cake is flattish, usually round and thickest in the middle, and full of currants, spices, almonds and candied peel. 2017 Manch. Evening News (Nexis) 18 Mar. 11 Bury has long been noted for its Simnels, which are sent to relatives and friends almost all over the globe. †3. Originally U.S. Any of several squashes, esp. the pattypan squash; = simlin n. 2. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > fruits as vegetables > squash melon-pompion1577 simnel1640 squash1643 cushaw1698 simlin1775 squash-pumpkin1819 squash gourd1823 summer crookneck1832 melon pumpkin1840 bush gourd1842 crook-neck1844 Hubbard squash1868 mirliton1901 butternut pumpkin1916 buttercup1930 butternut1940 1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum vi. xxi. 768 (heading) Cucurbita clypeiformis sive laciniata. The Buckler or Simnell Gourd. 1648 B. Plantagenet Descr. New Albion 25 Strawberries, Mulberries, Symnels, Maycocks and Horns like Cucumbers. 1705 R. Beverley Hist. Virginia ii. iv. 27 The Clypeatæ are sometimes call'd Cymnels (as are some others also), from the Lenten Cake of that Name, which many of them very much resemble. 1749 Universal Mag. Apr. 157/1 And prodigious pumpkins [on Tobago]..; with simnels and squashes much of a nature concordant. 1774 J. Gordon Planters, Florists, & Gardeners Pocket Dict. App. 3/2 The fourth Class [of Seeds] are such as may be kept three years or more. Amaranthus or Flower-gentle..Simnel or Squash. Compounds C1. General attributive (in senses 1, 2). ΚΠ 1343 Acct. Rolls Great Amwell in Middle Eng. Dict. at Simenel Sonnelsilver. a1400 in M. R. James Catal. Western Manuscripts Trinity Coll. Cambr. (1902) III. 91 Simenel hornes ber none þornes Alleluya. 1592 Assise of Bread (rev. ed.) sig. B3 They maye bake, and sell Simnell bread, wastell, white, wheaton, housholde, and Horsebreades. 1685 R. Brady Compl. Hist. Eng. 443 Twelve of the Kings Biscuits, or Simnel Loaves, made of fine Wheat flower and twice baked. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe I. xiv. 284 A quantity of rich pastry, as well as of the simnel-bread and wastle cakes. 1912 H. Maxwell Early Chron. Scotl. v. 194 From the moment he entered England, the King of Scots was to be supplied with twelve royal wastel cakes and twelve royal simnel loaves. 2007 E. Chadwick Place beyond Courage xlii. 450 There was a cloth on the coffer and when he lifted it, he found half a simnel loaf and some of Sybilla's cheese. C2. simnel cake n. British †(a) a kind of cake, bun, or small loaf made with fine flour and prepared by boiling, sometimes with subsequent baking; cf. sense 1a (obsolete); (b) a fruit cake, typically topped with marzipan and decorated with balls of marzipan or sugar paste, now eaten especially at Easter or during Lent; cf. sense 2.Until the 20th century the cake described at sense (b) seems to have been associated specifically with Mothering Sunday (cf. Simnel Sunday n.), but it is now more widely regarded as an Easter cake. The modern marzipan-topped form of the cake, typically decorated with eleven balls (generally understood as representing the apostles excepting Judas), also appears to date from the early 20th century; prior to that a typical simnel cake was enclosed in a raised pastry crust coloured with saffron, sometimes with a crenellated edge to the lid. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > [noun] > simnel bread simnelc1300 simnel cake1699 the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > cake > bun > [noun] bun1371 wig1376 barley-bun1552 simnel cake1699 simlin1701 muffin1703 Chelsea bun1711 cross-bun1733 hot cross bun1733 penny bun1777 Sally Lunn1780 huffkin1790 Bath-bun1801 teacake1832 English muffin1842 saffron bun1852 Belgian bun1854 Valentine-bun1854 cinnamon roll1872 lunn1874 Yorkshire teacake1877 barmbrack1878 cinnamon bun1879 sticky bun1880 pan dulce1882 schnecke1899 wad1919 tabnab1933 the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > cake > [noun] > a cake > other cakes honey appleeOE barley-cake1393 seed cakea1400 cake?a1425 pudding-cake?1553 manchet1562 biscuit cake1593 placent1598 poplin1600 jumbal1615 bread pudding1623 semel1643 wine-cakea1661 Shrewsbury cake1670 curd cake1675 fruitcake1687 clap-bread1691 simnel cake1699 orange-flower cake1718 banana cake1726 sweet-cake1726 torte1748 Naples cake1766 Bath cake1769 gofer1769 yeast-cake1795 nutcake1801 tipsy-cake1806 cruller1808 baba1813 lady's finger1818 coconut cake1824 mint cake1825 sices1825 cup-cake1828 batter-cake1830 buckwheat1830 Dundee seed cake1833 fat-cake1839 babka1846 wonder1848 popover1850 cream-cake1855 sly-cake1855 dripping-cake1857 lard-cake1858 puffet1860 quick cake1865 barnbrack1867 matrimony cake1871 brioche1873 Nelson cake1877 cocoa cake1883 sesame cake1883 marinade1888 mystery1889 oblietjie1890 stuffed monkey1892 Greek bread1893 Battenberg1903 Oswego cake1907 nusstorte1911 dump cake1912 Dobos Torte1915 lekach1918 buckle1935 Florentine1936 hash cake1967 space cake1984 the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > cake > [noun] > a cake > cake for specific occasion > mid-Lent simnel1599 simnel cake1699 Shrewsbury simnel1883 1699 G. Blackhall Rules for Assizing of Bread sig. bii We had some very lately made in Dublin, in form of a Cup or small Porringer, of a hard and brickle Quality..and those who sold it in the Streets, called it Simnel Cakes. 1769 Whitehall Evening Post 4 Mar. The fine rich Simnel cake, weighing 45 lb. that was sent in the stage-waggon from Salop. 1840 W. Howitt Rural Life Eng. (ed. 2) vi. xvi. 590 In Lancashire and Cheshire they still eat Simnel cake on Mid-lent Sunday. 1863 R. Chambers Bk. of Days I. 336/1 A sort of rich and expensive cakes, which are called Simnel Cakes. 1915 M. Byron Pot-luck (ed. 2) xviii. 333 Simnel cake (Gloucestershire). Take a quarter of a pound of flour, three ounces of mixed peel, [etc.]... Line a tin with greased paper, pour in mixture, and bake in gentle oven... When cold, make some almond paste. Put a layer on top of cake. Form remainder into round balls. 1992 S. R. Charsley Wedding Cakes & Cultural Hist. vi. 73 The simnel cake as a marzipan Easter speciality was..a product of commercial initiative at the same period [sc. the nineteenth century]. 2018 Express (Nexis) 2 Apr. 28 When you add up the hot-cross buns, roast dinner and simnel cake scoffed over the Easter period, it's no surprise that most of us put on a pound or two over the long weekend. Simnel Sunday n. chiefly English regional (Lancashire) Mothering Sunday (Mid-Lent Sunday), so called because of the cakes that were traditionally given as gifts on this day. ΚΠ 1822 J. Ray Let. 22 Mar. in H. Hunt Corr.: Lett. & Addr. Radical Reform 8 Apr. 20 Midlent Sunday, or (as it was formerly called by the Catholics) the Sunday of refreshment, and now denominated by the inhabitants of this town [sc. Bury] Simnel Sunday, is the principal festival that is kept here. 1843 Manch. Times 22 Apr. 6/6 Upwards of twenty publicans, residing in or near Eccles, were summoned to the New Bailey..for keeping their houses open during the hours of divine service on mid-lent or simnel Sunday. 1954 Manch. Guardian 29 Mar. 1/6 Simnel cake and mulled ale were ‘on the house’ at the Fairfield Inn, Bury, yesterday, as a reminder..of Simnel Sunday. 1990 Times 24 Mar. 45/4 In rural areas it [sc. Mothering Sunday] is still sometimes called Simnel Sunday. Derivatives † simnel-wise adv. Obsolete as one would make a simnel (sense 2). ΚΠ 1711 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1889) III. 134 A Noble Cake, made Simnel-wise. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1300
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