shutv.

Brit.

/ʃʌt/, U.S.

/ʃət/

Forms: Past tense and participle shut. Forms: present stem α. Old English scyttan, Middle English schutte, Middle English s(c)hitte, Middle English–1500s shutte, Middle English–1500s shytt(e, shyt, (also 1800s dialect) shit, (Middle English schytte, 1500s schut, shute, shot), 1600s shutt, 1500s– shut; β. Middle English ssette, (3 singular present indicative Middle English sset, imperative Middle English scete, Middle English ssete), Middle English schette, Middle English–1500s shette, (1500s Scottish schet), Middle English–1500s, 1800s dialect shet; γ. Middle English schete, Middle English–1500s shete, 1500s sheet. past tense Old English scytte, Middle English schutte, s(c)hitte, (Middle English shutte, Middle English, 1500s shytt, Middle English shyt, s(c)hytte, 1500s shutt), Middle English– shut; β. Middle English–1500s shette, Middle English schette, Middle English schet(t, Middle English–1500s shet; β. Middle English schittide, Middle English shytted, 1800s dialect shutted. past participle Middle English -scutted, Middle English shyt, Middle English–1500s shutte, (Middle English schit(t, schytte, Middle English yschutte, shytte, shit(t)e, 1500s shyt(t, shitt), Middle English–1500s shutte, (also 1800s dialect) shit, 1500s–1600s shutt, Middle English– shut; β. Middle English ischet, (Middle English ys(c)het, yscheot, ysset, ischette, schet(t), Middle English–1500s shette, schet, (also 1800s dialect) shet, Middle English–1500s shett; γ. 1500s sheet; δ. Middle English schowt(?), 1500s shott, 1500s, 1800s dialect shot; ε. 1600s– (now dialect and archaic) shutten.

Etymology: Old English scyttan (more frequently in the compound forscyttan forshut v.) < prehistoric *skuttjan, < *skut- weak grade of the root of shoot v. Compare Old Frisian schetta (West Frisian skette, sketsje), (Middle) Low German, (Middle) Dutch schutten to shut, shut up, obstruct. (The formal coincidence of the Middle High German and modern German schützen to protect is probably accidental.) The normal representation of Old English scyttan would be shit; down to the 16th cent. this was the prevailing form, though the Kentish shette (used by Chaucer and Gower) was also very common. The modern form appears to have been originally West Midland.

The simple verb.

†1. transitive. To put (a lock, bar, bolt, etc.) in position so as to fasten a door, etc. Obsolete. (Cf. shoot v. 13.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close (a door, window, etc.)

shutc1000

steek?c1225

makec1300

speara1325

yark toc1400

to shut toc1450

to put toa1500

warpc1540

enclose1563

to pull to1673

dub1753

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close (a door, window, etc.) > bolt, bar, or lock > slide bar or bolt into fastening

shootc1000

shutc1000

to shut to?c1225

c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) xxxvii. 220 Sero (seras) ic scytte sum loc oððe hæpsige.

c1370 Gregorius (Horstm.) 669 Þe Fisschere on his feire feet þe lok schutte ful faste i wis.

1426 J. Lydgate tr. G. de Guileville Pilgrimage Life Man 3084 Tvnshetten & to shette ageyn Lokkys echon.

1633 S. Rutherford Lett. (1675) iii. 193 I have gotten now, honour to my Lord, the gate to open the store, and shut the bar of his door.

†2. To fasten (a door or aperture) with a lock or bar. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close (a door, window, etc.) > bolt, bar, or lock

sparc1175

pena1200

louka1225

bara1300

shutc1320

lockc1325

clicketc1390

keyc1390

pinc1390

sneckc1440

belocka1450

spare?c1450

latch1530

to lock up1549

slot1563

bolt1574

to lock to?1575

double-lock1594

stang1598

obserate1623

padlock1722

button1741

snib1808

chain1839

c1320 Sir Beues 3031 A..schette þe dore wiþ þe keie.

c1400 Gamelyn 292 And thanne was it y-schet faste with a pin.

1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. viii. 149 The cheste that was shette wyth iii lockis.

1509 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) I. 477 A stronge Chest..having iiij lockes and iiij keyes to shete and open the same.

1686 tr. J. Chardin Trav. Persia 74 The Door is shut with a piece of Felt.

1825 W. Scott Betrothed v, in Tales Crusaders II. 104 By keeping doors shut.

absolute.1638 J. Milton Lycidas in Obsequies 23 in Justa Edouardo King Two massie keyes he bore of metalls twain, (The golden opes, the iron shuts amain).

a. To bring (a door, gate, window, lid, etc.) into the position in which it closes the aperture. to shut fast: to shut so that it cannot easily be opened. Also (originally U.S.) in past participle with verbs of movement, as draw, push, etc., denoting completion of an action; equivalent to to adv. 4.As words like door, gate, etc. usually admit of being used for the aperture together with that which closes it, this sense passes into sense 7.

ΚΠ

c1200 Vices & Virtues 143 Ga into þine bedde..and scete ðe dure.

?a1366 Romaunt Rose 529 I fond a wiket smal So shet that I ne mighte in goon.

c1369 G. Chaucer Bk. Duchesse 335 My wyndowes were shette [v.rr. shet, shyt] echon.

c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 67 Þer nys noon þat shittiþ frely þe doris of þe temple.

a1400 K. Alis. 6185 In the water is heore gates;..Whan hit is flod, y-scheot [Laud yshet] they beoth.

a1400 K. Alis. (W.) 5821 The men of that cite..ronnen to her gates fast, And hem shetten wel on hast.

c1412 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 1094 Thogh his dore be noght shit.

c1440 Generydes 5773 The gates ar all shett of that Citee.

1483 in H. E. Malden Cely Papers (1900) 141 They schytte the gattes.

1521 Cov. Leet-bk. 669 The gates of the Citee shal-be shot euery nyght at viij of the clok.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke xi. f. xciiij Nowe is the dore shett.

a1539 in Archaeologia (1882) 47 52 That doore..contynually to stand shitt the tymes of dyvyne seruice.

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 119^v The windowes..being kept shut in winter.

1629 tr. Herodian Hist. (1635) 53 The Citizens..shut their doores.

1647 J. Trapp Comm. Epist. & Rev. (Heb. iv. 1) When the gate is shut.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost viii. 240 Fast we found, fast shut The dismal Gates, and barricado'd strong.

1737 Gentleman's Mag. Oct. 608/2 The Gate used to be kept shut.

1829 W. Scott Anne of Geierstein III. xi. 298 He would not even condescend to shut his gates.

1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair liv. 484 The publican shutting his shutters.

1884 Cent. Mag. Nov. 13 He..pushed the ground~glass door shut.

1895 P. Hemingway Out of Egypt i. iii. 26 Every house had its green blinds closely shut.

1902 O. Wister Virginian xiv. 163 Our wheels clucked over the main-line switch. A train-hand threw it shut after.

1911 H. S. Harrison Queed ii. 23 The last boarder rising drew shut the folding-doors into the parlor.

1924 C. E. Mulford Rustlers' Valley xiv He kicked shut the draught door of the stove.

1933 E. O'Neill Ah, Wilderness! i. 18 She slams the door shut.

1957 T. Slessor First Overland 256 We slam shut the windows, as the car slides down through the rocks.

absolute.a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Isa. xxii. 22 He schal opene, and noon schal be that schal schitte.1825 T. Hook Sayings & Doings 2nd Ser. I. 110 The servants by their pointed civilities, their zealous activity in opening and shutting,..declared the joyous moment at hand.

b. const. against, †to (or dative), upon (a person, etc., to prevent his ingress or exit, or access to him).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close (a door, window, etc.) > to prevent a person's ingress or exit

shut1340

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 210 Huanne þou sselt bidde god..ine þine herte, ssete þe dore ope þe.

c1450 Knt. de la Tour 145 They fonde the gatis shette and closed ayenst hem.

1518 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 132 Wyllyam..shytt the doore to hym.

1633 T. Adams Comm. 2 Peter (ii. 5) 580 The Lord..himselfe shut the doore of the Arke upon Noah.

1737 Gentleman's Mag. Aug. 467/1 He finds the Gates shut against him.

1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lxvi. 603 She walked out of the room with a most majestic air, and shut her own door briskly on herself.

1876 W. Besant & J. Rice Golden Butterfly I. Prol. ii. 36 Adam was not more destitute when the garden-gates were shut on him.

c. transferred and figurative (and in figurative context).

ΚΠ

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 189 To þe fole maydenes..god ham ssette þe gate of þe sposayles.

a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) iii. xx. sig. S.v We shall not fayle..to haue a doore shutte vpon vs, where we haue none shutte on vs nowe.

1751 T. Gray Elegy xvii. 8 And shut the gates of mercy on mankind.

1770 E. Burke Thoughts Present Discontents 51 Resistance to power, has shut the door of the House of Commons to one man.

1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam xliii. 66 Before God shut the doorways of his head.

1855 F. A. Paley in tr. Aeschylus Agamemnon in Trag. 395/2 Men are never satiated with prosperity, and never shut their doors against it.

d. intransitive for reflexive. Of a door, etc.: To close of its own accord, or by some unseen agency. Also, to admit of being shut, or of being shut in a specified manner.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > become closed or shut [verb (intransitive)] > become closed (of a door, window, etc.)

shut1470

steeka1500

to fall to1565

sneck1871

to shut to1912

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xiii. iii. 615 Alle the dores & wyndowes of the palays shut by them self.

1648 H. Hexham Groot Woorden-boeck Een Schuyf-venster, a Drawing-windowe that opens and shutts.

1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 199 The Door..shuts with a strong Bar behind it.

1825 W. Scott Talisman iv, in Tales Crusaders III. 112 The last chorister had no sooner crossed the threshold of the door, than it shut with a loud sound.

1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxvii. 40 [Addressing the door] Hung to the beam, you shut mutely or open again.

4. transitive. To close (something) by bringing together the outward covering parts.

a. To close (one's eyes). Also figurative, esp. in to shut one's eyes to (also against, on); to ignore, refuse to recognize or consider.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > eye > [verb (transitive)] > move eyes > close eyes

shutc1366

to stop (a person's) eyes or sightc1380

sparec1400

close1667

the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > ignoring, disregard > ignore, disregard [verb (transitive)] > allow to pass unnoticed

to look through ——OE

to let (something) overpassa1375

overpassa1382

unseea1395

forgoa1400

balkc1440

dissimulea1450

pass?c1475

dissemblea1500

dissimulatea1533

to wink at1535

nod1607

connive1641

beholdc1650

to wink against1653

to shut one's eyes to (also against, on)a1711

blink1742

c1366 Romaunt Rose 296 She..shette hir eien for disdeyn.

1421–5 T. Hoccleve Learn to Die 872 They close & shitte the yen of hir mynde.

1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 292 The Hawke will sniffe often, and shet hir eyes towards night.

1661 R. Boyle Some Consider. Style of Script. (1675) 52 The plainest rustics, if they will not wilfully shut their eyes, may, by the benefit of its light, direct their steps.

a1711 J. Norris Pract. Disc. (1716) II. ii. 35 I cannot shut my Eyes against Manifest Truth.

1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron II. vii. ix. 146 Shut your eyes to assist your Meditation.

1854 C. Kingsley Lett. (1878) I. 415 That man is to be pitied who can shut his eyes to facts.

1907 J. H. Patterson Man-eaters of Tsavo x. 115 He levelled his revolver at the dead leopard, and shutting his eyes tightly, fired four shots in rapid succession.

b. (a) to shut (one's) mouth: chiefly in pregnant sense, to cease from speaking, to hold one's tongue. So in modern slang, to shut (one's) head, face ( see face n. Phrases 1k(a) for examples of the latter). (b) to shut (another's) mouth: to render unable to speak, reply, find fault, disclose secrets, etc.; occasionally to prevent (an animal) from devouring. (c) shut it (in imperative): close one's mouth, hold one's tongue.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > refrain from uttering [verb (transitive)] > silence or prevent from speaking

to stop a person's mouthc1175

stilla1225

to keep ina1420

stifle1496

to knit up1530

to muzzle (up) the mouth1531

choke1533

muzzle?1542

to tie a person's tongue1544

tongue-tiea1555

silence1592

untongue1598

to reduce (a person or thing) to silence1605

to bite in1608

gaga1616

to swear downa1616

to laugh down1616

stifle1621

to cry down1623

unworda1627

clamour1646

splint1648

to take down1656

snap1677

stick1708

shut1809

to shut up1814

to cough down1823

to scrape down1855

to howl down1872

extinguish1878

hold1901

shout1924

to pipe down1926

the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > be silent/refrain from speaking [verb (intransitive)] > stop speaking

to make up one's mouthc1175

to shut (also close) one's mouthc1175

blina1300

dumba1300

leavea1375

to put a sock in ita1529

hush1548

silence1551

stay1551

stow1567

stop1579

to save one's breath (also wind)1605

tace1697

stubble it!1699

shut your trap!1796

to keep a calm (or quiet) sough1808

stubble your whids!1830

to shut up1840

to dry up1853

pawl1867

subside1872

to pipe down1876

to shut (one's) head, face1876

shurrup1893

to shut off1896

clam1916

dry1934

shtum1958

to oyster up1973

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > loss or lack of voice > lose the voice [verb (intransitive)] > not utter

to shut (also close) one's mouthc1175

to hold (also have, keep) one's peacea1275

peacec1395

muffa1500

to put a sock in ita1529

whista1547

to say not muff1652

to hold one's whisht1786

to shut (one's) pan1799

to shut up1840

to hold one's whistc1874

to shut (one's) head, face1876

to wrap up1943

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 179 Þe dyeuel þet him zet beuore þe ssame him uor to ssette þane mouþ.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. lii. C & y^e kinges shal shut their mouthes before him.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Dan. vi. D My God hath sent his angel, which hath shut the lyons mouthes.

1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas IV. x. xi. 183 If on his return, his father ventured to remonstrate..Gaspard shut his mouth at once, with..an impertinent answer.

1876 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Tom Sawyer xviii. 151 Shut your heads and let Tom go on!

1894 Sporting Times 6 Oct. 1/4 Oh, shut it! Close your mouth until I tell you when.1908 G. Sanger 70 Years a Showman x. 33 ‘Shut it!’ said one of the showmen roughly; ‘save your breath for the next scene.’1945 G. Millar Maquis viii. 163 ‘Enough,’ cried Boulaya. ‘Shut it, Frisé... You know nothing.’

a. To close by folding up or bringing together of parts (e.g. a book, †a letter, a clasp-knife, one's hand); to bring (†one's arms) together.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > by folding together

to fold upc888

shut?a1366

to do to1562

to make up1629

to shut up1833

the world > space > relative position > posture > position of specific body parts > position specific body part [verb (transitive)] > arms or hands > specific arms

foldc1374

shut1614

wreathea1616

crucify1633

hyperabduct1945

?a1366 Romaunt Rose 1082 Aboute hir nekke of gentil entaile Was shet the riche chevesaile.

c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde ii. 1226 She shette it [viz. a letter].

1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy iii. 58 A paunce of plate, whiche of þe silf behinde Was schet and clos.

1423 Kingis Quair viii My buke I schet.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xiv. 335 Whan Rypus sawe that Rychard was confessed, he..made hym mounte vpon the ladder, & dyd shit the cheyn wherat he shold hang.

1576 G. Gascoigne Steele Glas Epil. I shut my glasse, before you gasde your fill.

1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. vii. 37 b A yeallow Cypresse wrought vpon goldfolie, which they shut and knit fast behind their coyfe.

1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia ii. 44 And then her armes she spreads and shuts.

1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering III. x. 199 The disappointed Dominie shut his ponderous tome.

1863 G. MacDonald David Elginbrod ii. iii She..shut the piano.

1886 Ld. Walsingham & R. Payne-Gallwey Shooting (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) I. 175 Loaders..should be made to learn..in shutting the gun always to raise the stock to the barrels.

1894 S. Baring-Gould Kitty Alone II. 162 He shut his knife.

1905 E. Glyn Vicissitudes Evangeline 233 I can't shut the clasp of my journal.

figurative.1722 London Jrnl. 23 June 3/2 On Friday last were shut the Transfer Books of the South-Sea Company.a1754 J. Strange Rep. Cases (1782) I. 615 The day of the shutting of the books.

b. intransitive for reflexive. Also with sense †to become optically continuous, to leave no visible gap.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > become closed or shut [verb (intransitive)] > close by folding together

shut1582

to shut up1829

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > be visible [verb (intransitive)] > appear or become visible > become optically continuous

shut1694

the world > space > distance > nearness > be near [verb (intransitive)] > be in contact > meet together with no space between > appear to

shut1694

1582 T. Watson Ἑκατομπαθία: Passionate Cent. Loue ix. sig. B So shuts or sprouts my ioy, as doth this flow're.

1671 J. Dryden Evening's Love iv. 56 (stage direct.) The Scene Shuts.

1694 Narbrough's Acct. Several Late Voy. 75 At Cape Quad the Lands shut one with the other, as if there were no farther passage.

1694 Narbrough's Acct. Several Late Voy. 72 The South-Land..shuts against the North-Land to a Man's sight.

1723 P. Blair Pharmaco-botanologia i. 45 It's Flower opens in the Forenoon, from eight till towards Noon, and then it shuts.

1878 J. Miller Songs Italy 126 Earth and the sky and the sky and the sea, Seem shutting together as a book that is read.

†c. figurative (transitive) To close (one's life). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > [verb (intransitive)]

forsweltc888

sweltc888

adeadeOE

deadc950

wendeOE

i-wite971

starveOE

witea1000

forfereOE

forthfareOE

forworthc1000

to go (also depart , pass, i-wite, chare) out of this worldOE

queleOE

fallOE

to take (also nim, underfo) (the) deathOE

to shed (one's own) blood?a1100

diec1135

endc1175

farec1175

to give up the ghostc1175

letc1200

aswelta1250

leavea1250

to-sweltc1275

to-worthc1275

to yield (up) the ghost (soul, breath, life, spirit)c1290

finea1300

spilla1300

part?1316

to leese one's life-daysa1325

to nim the way of deathc1325

to tine, leave, lose the sweatc1330

flit1340

trance1340

determinec1374

disperisha1382

to go the way of all the eartha1382

to be gathered to one's fathers1382

miscarryc1387

shut1390

goa1393

to die upa1400

expirea1400

fleea1400

to pass awaya1400

to seek out of lifea1400–50

to sye hethena1400

tinea1400

trespass14..

espirec1430

to end one's days?a1439

decease1439

to go away?a1450

ungoc1450

unlivec1450

to change one's lifea1470

vade1495

depart1501

to pay one's debt to (also the debt of) naturea1513

to decease this world1515

to go over?1520

jet1530

vade1530

to go westa1532

to pick over the perch1532

galpa1535

to die the death1535

to depart to God1548

to go home1561

mort1568

inlaikc1575

shuffle1576

finish1578

to hop (also tip, pitch over, drop off, etc.) the perch1587

relent1587

unbreathe1589

transpass1592

to lose one's breath1596

to make a die (of it)1611

to go offa1616

fail1623

to go out1635

to peak over the percha1641

exita1652

drop1654

to knock offa1657

to kick upa1658

to pay nature her due1657

ghost1666

to march off1693

to die off1697

pike1697

to drop off1699

tip (over) the perch1699

to pass (also go, be called, etc.) to one's reward1703

sink1718

vent1718

to launch into eternity1719

to join the majority1721

demise1727

to pack off1735

to slip one's cable1751

turf1763

to move off1764

to pop off the hooks1764

to hop off1797

to pass on1805

to go to glory1814

sough1816

to hand in one's accounts1817

to slip one's breatha1819

croak1819

to slip one's wind1819

stiffen1820

weed1824

buy1825

to drop short1826

to fall (a) prey (also victim, sacrifice) to1839

to get one's (also the) call1839

to drop (etc.) off the hooks1840

to unreeve one's lifeline1840

to step out1844

to cash, pass or send in one's checks1845

to hand in one's checks1845

to go off the handle1848

to go under1848

succumb1849

to turn one's toes up1851

to peg out1852

walk1858

snuff1864

to go or be up the flume1865

to pass outc1867

to cash in one's chips1870

to go (also pass over) to the majority1883

to cash in1884

to cop it1884

snuff1885

to belly up1886

perch1886

to kick the bucket1889

off1890

to knock over1892

to pass over1897

to stop one1901

to pass in1904

to hand in one's marble1911

the silver cord is loosed1911

pip1913

to cross over1915

conk1917

to check out1921

to kick off1921

to pack up1925

to step off1926

to take the ferry1928

peg1931

to meet one's Maker1933

to kiss off1935

to crease it1959

zonk1968

cark1977

to cark it1979

to take a dirt nap1981

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 253 The vicair general..His laste day..Hath schet as to the worldes ye.

d. passive and intransitive. Of the day: To close in. Of winter: To set in, become settled.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cold weather > [verb (intransitive)] > set in

shut1815

the world > time > period > year > season > [verb (intransitive)] > grow wintry

wintera1425

hiemate1623

shut1854

1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles iii. xx. 107 The shades come down—the day is shut.

1854 J. R. Lowell Indian-Summer Rev. xxii Ere Winter wholly shuts.

6. transitive. To weld. (Cf. shoot v. 38, shut n.¹ 4a.)

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > weld

well1424

shut1490

shoot1499

to run together1631

weld1678

smithy1866

1490 [implied in: 1490 in Archaeologia Cantiana (1886) 16 298 For schettyng of the..bell claper viij d. (at shutting n. 1b)].

1495 [implied in: 1495 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 150 Shutyng & Amendyng of v boltes. (at shutting n. 1b)].

1555 in T. Wright Churchwardens' Accts. Ludlow (1869) 62 For shutynge on of the old hynges..ij d.

1604 Churchwardens' Accts. St. Michael's, Oxford (MS) For shuttinge the Irons of the pumpe.

1844 Mechanics' Mag. 40 176 The best method of shutting cast-steel.

1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. Tyres of wheels when loose are always said ‘to be cut and shut’. That is a piece of the iron cut out, and the ring re-welded.

1949 K. S. Woods Rural Crafts Eng. ii. ii. 33 The tyres have to be tightened by cutting out a piece and rejoining or shutting them with a smaller circumference to grip the wheel.

1964 H. Hodges Artifacts v. 86 For nearly all purposes the most effective way of joining iron was by welding or shutting.

7. To close (an aperture) by placing something upon it or by drawing something across it; to stop up (a road) with obstacles or barriers.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close an aperture or orifice

ditc1000

shut1362

steekc1380

stopc1400

quirt1532

to close up1542

to fill up1598

unspar1611

caulk1616

cork1650

busha1659

instop1667

close1697

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close by obstruction or block up > block the way or a passage

forsetc900

withseta1300

stop13..

speara1325

withsperre1330

to stop one's way1338

shut1362

forbara1375

beseta1400

stopc1400

precludea1513

interclude1526

to shut up1526

forestall1528

fence1535

hedge1535

quar1542

foreclose1548

forestop1566

to flounder up1576

obstruct1578

bar1590

retrench1590

to shut the door in (also upon) (a person's) face1596

barricade1606

barricado1611

thwartc1630

blocka1644

overthwart1654

rebarricado1655

to choke up1673

blockade1696

embarrass1735

snow1816

roadblock1950

1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. vi. 92 To wynne vp þe wiket-ȝat þat þe wey schutte.

c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Add. MS.) xciii. 423 The way to helle is shitte to hire.

c1450 Cov. Myst. (1841) 228 With this ston this grave we shytte.

1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iv. xv. 130 Strong men..kept the postes and passages so shutte, that they kept away the corne and victuals from all Italie.

1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iv. viii. 229 They then invented the Soccabous.., the which they shut with doores.

1735 S. Johnson tr. J. Lobo Voy. Abyssinia 143 They would..for ever shut the Passage into Abyssinia.

1852 W. J. Conybeare & J. S. Howson Life & Epist. St. Paul II. xxiv. 383 After that time..the sea was shut; and the winter had been a stormy one.

1869 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) IV. xvii. 31 Not a road was shut against him.

1911 Daily Graphic 2 Dec. 4/3 Every exit was barred, every passage shut with a human barricade.

a. To prevent access to or egress from (a place, building, etc.) by closing the doors or apertures. Now rare (superseded by to shut up 5 at Phrasal verbs) except in to shut a shop.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > shut up (a place)

steeka1250

shut1340

to shut in1390

spear1445

seclude1451

to shut up1530

mure1550

block1630

lock1773

to lock up1824

seal1931

to sew up1962

to lock down1980

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 154 Þanne is þe castel ziker and ysset.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds v. 23 We founden the prisoun schit with al diligence.

?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) II. lf. 286^v The Troians shytted her Cyte.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke iv. f. lxxix^v In the dayes off Helyas, when hevyn was shet thre yeres and syxe monethes.

1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet v. i. 56 Being Holiday the Beggers shop is shut .

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. v. viii. 336 This latter [sc. the Feuillant Club],..she,..has the satisfaction to see shut.

1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xxiii. 241 Rob the Grinder made his own bed, preparatory to shutting the shop.

1886 C. E. Pascoe London of To-day (ed. 3) xxxviii. 324 Bank-Holiday with the shops of London shut.

b. intransitive for reflexive.

ΚΠ

1801 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 5 160 The Post-office is just going to shut.

†c. fig. (transitive) to shut (a person's) heart: to render him incapable of showing feeling. Also intransitive for reflexive of the heart. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > lack emotion [verb] > show no emotion > be or make incapable of

to shut (a person's) heartc1374

c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 1086 Ther-with þe sorwe so his herte shette That from his eighen fil þere not a tere.

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 328 Sche mihte noght o word on hih Speke oute, for hire herte schette.

d. to shut one's purse, etc. †from, against: to refuse help to.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] > refuse to help or cooperate with

to shut one's purse, etc. from, againstc1380

c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 272 Ȝit ony man see his broþer haue nede & schitte his purs & mercy fro hym.

1576 G. Gascoigne Droomme of Doomes Day in Wks. (1910) II. 380 Whose table is not shut from any poore or needy.

1780 Mirror No. 102 Men whose purses are shut against their friends.

a. To enclose, secure, or confine (a person or thing) in or within a place, building, or receptacle; to put in a place and shut the door. Also reflexive. Also occasionally const. with other prepositions, under, between, etc.; rarely without const. (Cf. to shut in at Phrasal verbs.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclosing or confining > enclose or confine [verb (transitive)] > specific immaterial things

shut13..

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclosing or confining > enclose or confine [verb (transitive)] > in a place or receptacle

shut13..

sealc1420

lockc1460

to lock up1568

enlock1596

to lock away1755

13.. Guy Warw. (1891) 418 Gij in to his chaumber gan to gon, & schett him þer in anon.

c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 726 Whan Dane here seluen shette Vnder þe bark.

a1400 Seuyn Sages (W.) 2455 Th'emperour him ladde..Into his chaumbre..And whanne thai were therinne i-schet.

c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 452 Al schet in a schaȝe.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Luke iii. 20 Eroude tetrark..schitte Joon in prisoun.

c1450 Knt. de la Tour xxiv. 34 Thei..shette hym in a chambre.

?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) II. lf. 246^v She had shytte hit in one of her coffres.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 1050 Hir fader took her by the heer and drewe hir doun fro the montayn and shytte her faste in pryson.

1556 tr. J. de Flores Histoire de Aurelio & Isabelle sig. A8 There then being the lady by the ordinaunce of her father shutte.

1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer iv. sig. Pp.iii He slept shutt into a chest.

1575 G. Gascoigne Fruites of Warre cl, in Posies sig. Ki^v Herewith we had..Nor meale, nor malt, nor meane..To get such geare if once we should be shut.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 129 The rest, in Cells apart, the liquid Nectar shut .

1729 G. Adams in tr. Sophocles Trag. II. 52 (note) He was shut into a den, and so starved to Death.

1865 J. Ruskin Sesame & Lilies ii. 186 You shut yourselves within your park walls and garden gates.

1894 R. Bridges Shorter Poems v. xi. 19 We laughed and sang at nightfall, shut By the fireside glow.

1898 ‘H. S. Merriman’ Roden's Corner viii. 87 It was Von Holzen's habit to shut himself within his cottage for days together.

b. transferred and figurative. Of immaterial things.

ΚΠ

c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (1868) v. pr. v. 170 It is raþer þe simplicite of þe souereyn science þat nis nat enclosed nor yshet wiþinne no boundes.

c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame 524 O thought that wrote al that I mette And in the tresorye hyt shette Of my brayn!

a1542 T. Wyatt Coll. Poems (1969) clxxii. 39 The dedly grefe, the paynes so strong, Wych in my hart be fyrmly shytt.

†10.

a. To bar or exclude (a person) from some possession or enjoyment; to restrain from doing something. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > prohibition > prohibit [verb (transitive)] > debar (a person)

forbarc1330

shutc1400

debarc1430

repel1480

abara1504

abridge1523

seclude?1531

bar1551

fence1589

bebar1650

limit1722

to shut out1819

stop-list1949

c1400 Pilgr. Sowle (1859) i. xxxi. 35 To exclude hym and schytte hym fro this deute.

c1412 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 2567 Leste our Lord God hym from his grace schitte.

1579 S. Gosson Schoole of Abuse f. 12^v If men for good exerercise [sic], and women for their credite, be shut from Theaters, whom shall wee suffer to goe thither?

1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius Gothick Warre i. 25 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian The Romans made use of those mills, but for want of water were shut from their Baths.

1719 E. Young Busiris iv. 44 We can no more than shut him from Escape Till further Force arrive.

b. To separate (one thing) from another; to cut off from view. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > invisibility > make invisible [verb (transitive)] > block view

bury1601

screen1611

obstruct1667

shut1697

to shut out1856

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] > separate from

to-partc1325

dividec1380

separate1526

decide1570

discoast1583

shut1697

mark1706

to shut off1833

to mark off1848

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals vi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 28 The tender Soil then stiffning by degrees, Shut from the bounded Earth, the bounding Seas.

1807 J. Barlow Columbiad i. 22 Whose hovering sheets, along the welkin driven,..shut the eye from heaven.

1831 Society 1 14 A turn in the road shut them from his sight.

11.

a. †To set (a person) free from, relieve of (something troublesome). Obsolete except in passive (dialect and colloquial) to be, get shut of, (dialect) shut on, to shut one's hands of: to be rid of, free from; also elliptical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > get or be rid of

refusea1387

to be rid of (also on)c1450

beskyfte1470

to be, get shut of, (dialect) shut on?a1500

to claw off1514

get1558

to put away1577

to get rid of1591

quit1606

to get off with1719

ding1753

shoot1805

to stay shet of1837

shuck1848

shunt1858

shake1872

to dust off1938

the world > action or operation > safety > rescue or deliverance > rescue or deliver (from) [verb (transitive)] > deliver or free from

aleseOE

redd1488

shut?a1500

sever?1507

rid?1526

enda1592

?a1500 Chester Pl. (1847) II. 31 Though he have healed thee, Shute from us shall he not be.

?a1500 Chester Pl. (1847) II. 33 To shutte hym of his dangere.

1575–6 in J. Raine Depositions Courts Durham (1845) 312 This examinate promised..that he wold marye the said Grace..so that he might be shutt of the promises he hadd maid to one Marian Raic.

1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden To Rdr. sig. D3 Doo what I can I shall not be shut of him.

1621 A. Cade Serm. Nature of Conscience 45 He cannot be quiet till hee bee shut of it [his divell].

1692 Scarronides ii. Pref. 2 After his Taylor and Valet have shut their hands of him.

1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Antiq. Jews xiv. i, in tr. Josephus Genuine Wks. 430 His own life would be in danger, unless he..got shut of Aristobulus.

1827 J. F. Cooper Prairie xii Happy will it prove for the boy if he is well shut of them.

1848 E. C. Gaskell Mary Barton I. v. 68 As for a bad man, one's glad enough to get shut on him.

1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 223 Types which all cattleholders agree in desiring to ‘get shut of’.

1892 R. L. Stevenson & L. Osbourne Wrecker xxii. 356 Your family pays money to be shut of you.

1914 D. H. Lawrence Widowing of Mrs. Holroyd iii. 84 Who dost think wor goin' ter stop when we knowed 'e on'y kep on so's to get shut on us.

1976 S. Barstow Right True End i. iv. 65 ‘I haven't got her.’ ‘You're well shut, from all I hear.’

b. dialect. To get rid of, make away with (money).

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > spend [verb (transitive)]

aspendc885

doOE

spendc1175

spenec1175

dispendc1330

bewarec1374

bestow1377

suckc1380

unpursea1393

warea1417

stowc1440

to lay outc1449

spone1456

expend1477

expend1484

impendc1486

ware?a1513

deburse?1529

disburse1530

defray1543

unburse1570

outlay1573

to lay forth1584

sweat1592

vent1612

dispursea1616

exhaust1616

to set forth1622

waste1639

depursea1648

fence1699

douse1759

shut1797

shift1923

1797 T. Wright Autobiogr. (1864) 254 For fear I should shut it [the money].

1824 W. Carr Horæ Momenta Cravenæ Shut, to spend. ‘It'll shut a seet o' brass.’

1872 Hartley's Yorkshire Ditties 2nd Ser. 11 An' aw shan't ha' to come home and tell My old lass, ha' aw've shut all mi brass.

Phrasal verbs

Combined with adverbs. to shut about

† transitive. To close on all sides. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclose [verb (transitive)]

beloukOE

pind?c1225

closec1275

beshuta1300

to shut about13..

umbclosec1330

to close about1340

aclosec1350

in close1393

enclose?a1400

tinec1400

concludea1425

includec1425

wallc1430

underclosec1440

inclusea1450

hedgec1500

lista1513

inrail1523

interclude1524

fence1535

parclose1535

riba1547

pale1570

impale1579

embay1582

immure1583

upclosec1590

enchase1591

interclose1592

recinct1598

underfong1599

intermure1606

bound1609

engirt1627

bosom1637

infence1652

cancellate1664

circumclude1677

embosomc1750

comprehend1807

13.. Bonaventura's Medit. 989 Þey shette hyt [the sepulchre] a boute with a grete stone.

to shut down

1. intransitive. To be closed with a lid; to come close down like a lid. Of fog, night: To come down and blot out the view.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > become closed or shut [verb (intransitive)] > be closed with a lid or like a lid

to shut down1807

the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > evening > become evening [verb (intransitive)] > fall (of night) or grow dark

fallOE

nightc1440

to fall ona1450

nighten1561

gloom1595

gloam1819

dusken1870

dusk1876

to shut down1880

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > invisibility > be or become invisible [verb (intransitive)] > block out view

to shut down1891

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > mist > [verb (intransitive)] > come down (of mist or fog)

to come down1891

to shut down1891

1807 R. Southey Lett. from Eng. I. 161 The whole shuts down a-top, and closes in front, like a cabinet.

1880 ‘M. Twain’ Tramp Abroad xix. 182 We got to..Heidelberg before the night shut down.

1891 E. Roper By Track & Trail i. 12 The fog shut down on us once more.

1897 ‘O. Rhoscomyl’ For White Rose Arno (U.K. ed.) 140 The night shut down.

1900 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Mar. 385/2 The forest shuts down upon the edge of the running water.

2. transitive. To close by lowering, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > by lowering

to shut down1794

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > lower or let down > lower in order to close

to shut down1794

1794 J. MacPhail Treat. Culture Cucumber 91 The lights of the cucumber bed were kept close shut down day and night.

1836 O. W. Holmes Music-grinders 72 Then..shut the window down.

1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 499 The lights may be shut down.

3. To close (a manufactory). absol. To stop working.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > work > times or periods of work > work at specific times or periods [verb (intransitive)] > stop work

to shut (one's) shop-windowc1478

to shut up one's shop1560

unyoke1594

to put up the shutters1877

to shut down1877

strike1890

stand1892

to knock off1916

society > occupation and work > business affairs > a business or company > run a business [verb (transitive)] > close business

to close out1852

to shut down1877

1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 226 The hands..forced the superintendent to shut down.

1880 Paper & Printing Trades Jrnl. xxx. 6 Most of the paper~mills that were shut-down..are being started anew.

1912 A. Keith Human Body xv. 241 When men and women lead sedentary and quiet lives their lungs are partly shut down.

4. Mechanics. To stop or switch off (a device or machine, esp. an engine); to cause to stop working or running. Also absol.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > render mechanical [verb (transitive)] > operate machine > switch off or close down

to shut down1895

decommission1980

1895 G. W. Lummis-Paterson Management of Dynamos x. 148 When shutting down a machine, the load should first be gradually reduced..by easing down the engine.

1911 Marshall & Sankey Gas Engines vi. 175 [Filling the reservoir] is done when shutting down the engine so soon as the gas is turned off.

1948 H. Constant Gas Turbines xi. 137 The best that can be done is to shut down as many engines as possible and operate the remainder at a power output giving reasonable efficiency.

1969 I. Kemp Brit. G.I. in Vietnam viii. 163 We all ‘shut down’—switched off our engines and made fast the rotor blades to the tails of the helicopters.

1976 Physics Bull. Aug. 339/2 Two samples were taken from the low-sulphur plant: one at ambient temperatures 30 days after the boiler had been shut down.

1980 Daily Tel. 10 Mar. 3/2 A nagging ‘oil migration’ problem..could eventually have forced a pilot to shut down the engine.

5. Physics. To stop (the chain reaction) in a nuclear reactor; to stop (a nuclear reactor) from producing useful power by making the fuel assembly subcritical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > nuclear fission > nuclear reactor > close down [verb (transitive)] > for safety reasons

to shut down1945

scram1950

1945 Hawley & Leifson Atomic Energy 157 Knowing just when to shut down the chain-reaction..would be quite a problem.

1951 Nucleonics Jan. 5/2 If the temperature of the uranium exceeds 60°C, the pile is automatically shut down.

1963 B. Fozard Instrumentation Nucl. Reactors xiii. 164 Unless a heavy-water reactor is shut down for such a long period that there is a significant fall in the activity of the high-energy gamma emitters, it has a built-in neutron source.

1976 Sci. Amer. Jan. 27/2 The level of radioactivity in a standard 1,000-megawatt reactor is very high: about 10 billion curies half an hour after the reactor is shut down.

6. intransitive. Of a device, machine, or installation, esp. a nuclear reactor: to cease to operate.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ceasing > cease activity [verb (intransitive)] > specifically of things, actions, or processes > cease to be active (of things)

cease1382

to shut down1945

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > render mechanical [verb (intransitive)] > of machine: operate > cease to operate

jam1885

to have had it1942

to shut down1945

the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > nuclear fission > nuclear reactor > of reactor: become self-sustaining [verb (intransitive)] > close down

to shut down1945

scram1957

1945 H. D. Smyth Gen. Acct. Devel. Atomic Energy Mil. Purposes viii. 81 The half-life of the U-239 is so short that its concentration becomes negligible soon after the pile shuts down.

1960 Engineering Index 1959 246/2 During power failures of up to 1·5 sec duration..synchronous motors usually shut down.

1976 Sci. Amer. July 36/1 After the reactor had shut down, the evidence of its activity was preserved virtually undisturbed through the succeeding ages of geological activity.

1978 Nature 19 Oct. 576/2 As the voltage dropped rapidly various sensors began to shut down, and within a few minutes the satellite ceased to respond to commands sent up from ground control stations.

1979 Daily Tel. 15 Aug. 32/3 The Sea Kings will operate throughout the night but the others do not have night capability and will have to shut down for the night.

to shut forth

† transitive. To push (a person) out, to extrude, expel. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > expel > specific people from a place, position, or possession

outshoveOE

to do out of ——OE

shovec1200

to put out of ——c1225

to cast out1297

void13..

usurpa1325

to put outa1350

outputa1382

outrayc1390

excludea1400

expulse?a1475

expel1490

to shut forth1513

to put forth1526

to turn out1546

depel?1548

disseisin1548

evict1548

exturb1603

debout1619

wincha1626

disseise1627

out-pusha1631

howster1642

oust1656

out1823

purge1825

the bum's rush1910

outplace1928

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xi. xvii. 43 The sonnys furthschet [L. exclusi], that pety was to seyn, Befor thair wepand wofull faderis eyn.

1564 A. Bacon tr. J. Jewel Apol. Churche Eng. (1859) ii. ii. 21 There is now no nation which may truly complain that they be shut forth [L. se exclusam esse].

to shut in

1. transitive. To prevent access to or confine (a person or thing) by shutting a door, etc. or closing a receptacle. Also reflexive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > shut or lock (a person or thing) in or out

inseil?a1000

bespara1100

loukc1275

sparc1430

spare?c1450

to shut inc1460

to lock out1599

occlude1623

inbolt1632

to bolt out, in, upa1653

sneck1816

sport1825

society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > confinement > confine [verb (transitive)]

beloukOE

loukOE

sparc1175

pena1200

bepen?c1225

pind?c1225

prison?c1225

spearc1300

stopc1315

restraina1325

aclosec1350

forbara1375

reclosea1382

ward1390

enclose1393

locka1400

reclusea1400

pinc1400

sparc1430

hamperc1440

umbecastc1440

murea1450

penda1450

mew?c1450

to shut inc1460

encharter1484

to shut up1490

bara1500

hedge1549

hema1552

impound1562

strain1566

chamber1568

to lock up1568

coop1570

incarcerate1575

cage1577

mew1581

kennel1582

coop1583

encagea1586

pound1589

imprisonc1595

encloister1596

button1598

immure1598

seclude1598

uplock1600

stow1602

confine1603

jail1604

hearse1608

bail1609

hasp1620

cub1621

secure1621

incarcera1653

fasten1658

to keep up1673

nun1753

mope1765

quarantine1804

peg1824

penfold1851

encoop1867

oubliette1884

jigger1887

corral1890

maroon1904

to bang up1950

to lock down1971

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > seclude [verb (reflexive)] > confine

spara1240

mew1581

immure1586

mure1608

to shut ina1684

c1460 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Laud) l. 17670 Ye shytte me in oon a friday At Euyn-tide in-to þat stede.

?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 81 The fayr danes, whom the kynge acrysius holdeth fast shytte in wyth oute any rayson.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 704/1 You have shytte in the dogge.

1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia iii. 100 I needs must scorne this double flout, To shut me in, or shut me out.

a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1654 (1955) III. 132 They went in with axes & hammers, & shut themselves in.

a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1671 (1955) III. 567 I found him shut in.

1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands III. 170 The present walls, with their eleven gates, shutting in the whole population, were built about 1557.

1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 518 A row of trusses of straw is laid side by side over the whole, to shut in the steam.

1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre II. xi. 300 I shut myself in.

2. To enclose with a barrier, hem in.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclosing or confining > enclose or confine [verb (transitive)]

pena1200

bebar?c1225

loukc1275

beshuta1300

parc1300

to shut in1398

to close inc1400

parrockc1400

pinc1400

steekc1400

lock?a1425

includec1425

key?a1439

spare?c1450

enferme1481

terminea1500

bebay1511

imprisona1533

besetc1534

hema1552

ram1567

warda1586

closet1589

pound1589

seclude1598

confine1600

i-pend1600

uptie1600

pinfold1605

boundify1606

incoop1608

to round in1609

ring1613

to buckle ina1616

embounda1616

swathe1624

hain1636

coopa1660

to sheathe up1661

stivea1722

cloister1723

span1844

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. xiv. 120 Mala (in Grewe) is the lewre and in the face lewres shyttyth in eyther side of the nose.

1816 J. K. Tuckey Narr. Exped. River Zaire (1818) vi. 212 Both ends of the reach being shut in by land.

1830 F. Marryat King's Own II. vi. 95 We had shut in the battery [i.e. taken up a position from which it was shut in by a promontory].

1863 ‘C. Bede’ Tour in Tartan-land 152 The Loch is shut in by a long-withdrawing range of mountains.

1869 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) III. xiii. 292 Wooded hills..shut in the view on every side.

†3. To close (a shop, building, gate, etc.). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > shut up (a place)

steeka1250

shut1340

to shut in1390

spear1445

seclude1451

to shut up1530

mure1550

block1630

lock1773

to lock up1824

seal1931

to sew up1962

to lock down1980

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 291 The bathes and the Stwes bothe Thei schetten in be every weie.

1556 in J. G. Nichols Chron. Grey Friars (1852) 34 The churche was shott in from monday unto thursday.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 143 The people shut in their shops, and came out in harnesse in great multitudes.

1611 T. Middleton & T. Dekker Roaring Girle sig. D^v The shop will be shut in presently.

1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. 71 The gates were shut in.

4. Oil Industry. To cease drawing oil or gas from (a well).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > drilling for oil or gas > drill for oil or gas [verb (transitive)] > shut or cease drawing from well

to shut in1931

1931 W. H. Emmons Geol. Petroleum (ed. 2) xvi. 527 In 1923, during a period of overproduction, certain groups of wells were shut in while others near by were pumped.

1962 T. C. Frick Petroleum Production Handbk. II. xxx. 8 Pressure readings obtained while the well is being cleaned before the well is shut in.

1971 West Indian World 5 Nov. 16/2 All 17 wells had encountered satisfactory oil sand sections and were at present ‘shut in’ and awaiting the installation of an eight-inch pipeline.

5. intransitive. Of the day, evening, etc.: To close in, grow dusk. Also of the days: To shorten. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > [verb (intransitive)] > come to an end

set1604

to shut in1623

pink1879

the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > [verb (intransitive)] > become gradually shorter

to shut in1766

to draw in1830

1623 R. Jobson Golden Trade 15 From 3. vntil the euening shut in.

1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 399 The Ambassadors..got to the City ere day-light was shut in.

1680 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester (ed. 2) 4 The day being shut in.

1748 S. Richardson Clarissa IV. xxi. 100 Observing the sun-shine begin to shut in, I yielded.

1766 H. Brooke Fool of Quality II. x. 147 As day after day began gradually to shut in.

1924 [implied in: C. Mackenzie Heavenly Ladder xix. 247 They finished decorating the church just before the shutting in of a still and humid dusk. (at shutting n. 3)].

†6. To meet together with no space between.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > distance > nearness > be near [verb (intransitive)] > be in contact > meet together with no space between

to shut inc1710

c1710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 122 Flints..cut so exactly square and even to shutt in one to another that ye whole wall is made without cement.

7. To be closed in (to the view).

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > invisibility > be or become invisible [verb (intransitive)] > be closed in to the view

to shut in1816

1816 J. K. Tuckey Narr. Exped. River Zaire (1818) iv. 152 Just where the river shuts in.

1849 G. Cupples Green Hand (1856) xiii. 124 The opposite shore..shut in so far upon the other,..that, steering from the south'ard, one would never know there was a river there at all.

to shut off

1. transitive. To prevent the passage of; to cut off (steam, etc.) by the closing of a valve or tap. Also, to close (a dark lantern).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > control(s) > control by another device [verb (transitive)] > furnish with valve(s) > cut off by closing valve

to turn off1822

to shut off1824

the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > [verb (transitive)] > turn down, close, or switch off

to turn down1855

to shut off1904

1824 ‘R. Stuart’ Descr. Hist. Steam Engine 132 The motion of the piston was equalized by shutting off the steam sooner or later from the cylinder.

1904 H. B. M. Watson Hurricane Island xx. 285 I shut off the lantern.

figurative.1844 W. Barnes Poems Rural Life in Dorset Dial. Gloss. ‘To shut off work’, to leave off work.1903 F. W. H. Myers Human Personality 180 To shut off pain when we know it will be useless.

2. To cut off, separate from.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] > separate from

to-partc1325

dividec1380

separate1526

decide1570

discoast1583

shut1697

mark1706

to shut off1833

to mark off1848

1833 N. Arnott Elements Physics (ed. 5) II. 102 There are inlets of the sea, occasionally shut off from the parent ocean.

1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 154 Great crags.., shutting off this bay from the other portions of the coast.

1893 J. T. Bent in Geogr. Jrnl. 2 142 A large lake..which was shut off along one side by a very fine dyke or wall.

3. intransitive. To come to a halt; to cease talking or writing. U.S.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ceasing > cease activity [verb (intransitive)]

i-swikec893

swikec897

atwindc1000

linOE

studegieOE

stintc1175

letc1200

stuttea1225

leavec1225

astint1250

doc1300

finec1300

blina1325

cease1330

stable1377

resta1382

ho1390

to say or cry ho1390

resta1398

astartc1400

discontinuec1425

surcease1428

to let offc1450

resista1475

finish1490

to lay a straw?a1505

to give over1526

succease1551

to put (also pack) up one's pipes1556

end1557

to stay (one's own or another's) hand1560

stick1574

stay1576

to draw bridle1577

to draw rein1577

to set down one's rest1589

overgive1592

absist1614

subsista1639

beholdc1650

unbridle1653

to knock offa1657

acquiesce1659

to set (up) one's rest1663

sista1676

stop1689

to draw rein1725

subside1734

remit1765

to let up1787

to wind (up) one's pirna1835

to cry crack1888

to shut off1896

to pack in1906

to close down1921

to pack up1925

to sign off1929

the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > be silent/refrain from speaking [verb (intransitive)] > stop speaking

to make up one's mouthc1175

to shut (also close) one's mouthc1175

blina1300

dumba1300

leavea1375

to put a sock in ita1529

hush1548

silence1551

stay1551

stow1567

stop1579

to save one's breath (also wind)1605

tace1697

stubble it!1699

shut your trap!1796

to keep a calm (or quiet) sough1808

stubble your whids!1830

to shut up1840

to dry up1853

pawl1867

subside1872

to pipe down1876

to shut (one's) head, face1876

shurrup1893

to shut off1896

clam1916

dry1934

shtum1958

to oyster up1973

1896 ‘M. Twain’ in Harper's Mag. Sept. 526/1 ‘Now who—’ He shut off sudden.

1902 J. London Let. 12 July (1966) 136 Someone is going down town, so I'll shut off and give them a chance to mail this.

1938 V. Woolf Let. 18 June (1980) VI. 241 He rang me up late on Wednesday... He said he had travelled post haste from Prague to see Leonard. I said, A misunderstanding. Then we shut off.

to shut out

1. transitive. To exclude (persons, also commodities, light, air, etc.) from a place, situation, circumstances, etc.; to deny (a person) right of entry to a place, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > be on the outside of [verb (transitive)] > keep or shut out

loukc1275

speara1300

beshutc1330

forbarc1330

warn?a1366

to close outa1382

to shut outc1384

steeka1393

again-louka1400

to keep outc1425

outshutc1450

seclude1498

to stop outc1530

to hedge out1549

confine1577

to hold out1583

out-bar1590

debar1593

excommunicate1602

expel1604

immurec1616

society > authority > subjection > prohibition > prohibit [verb (transitive)] > debar (a person) > from a place

to shut outc1384

to shut (some one) out of doors, out of the gates1508

eighty-six1959

society > authority > subjection > prohibition > prohibit [verb (transitive)] > debar (a person)

forbarc1330

shutc1400

debarc1430

repel1480

abara1504

abridge1523

seclude?1531

bar1551

fence1589

bebar1650

limit1722

to shut out1819

stop-list1949

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Macc. x. 75 He shitte [a1425 L.V. schittide] hym out fro the citee.

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 98 Ther is no lock mai schette him oute.

1487 in H. E. Malden Cely Papers (1900) 172 Of a v^c felles the wych the Holonders hayd schowt wt.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Hiiii All pleasure of the body he shet out of his hert by the vowe of chastite.

1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 397 Our former errour, and the basenesse of the Portuguese, shut us quite out of this country.

1672 J. Dryden Conquest Granada ii. iv. i. 117 Make haste; and draw the Curtain while you may: You but shut out the twilight of my day.

1743 R. Blair Grave 35 Heaven's Portals wide expand to let him in; Nor are his Friends shut out.

1819 W. P. Taunton Rep. Cases Comm. Pleas VII. 480 The Defendant is completely shut out from taking the ground of mutual credit by his own statement.

1842 J. R. Lowell in Boston Misc. Lit. & Fashion 1 133 For, whom the heart of Man shuts out Straightway the heart of God takes in.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. v. 654 An exile, shut out from public employment.

1856 N. Brit. Rev. 26 157 When we close one eye, we shut out the quantity of light which entered that eye as reflected from a different part of the room.

1895 P. Hemingway Out of Egypt i. i. 10 The stuffy ill-lighted rooms at the back of the houses, shut out from view of the authorities.

2. to shut (some one) out of doors, †out of the gates.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > be on the outside of [verb (transitive)] > keep or shut out > specific persons

beloukOE

belockc1330

excludec1440

to shut (some one) out of doors, out of the gates1508

excluse1513

society > authority > subjection > prohibition > prohibit [verb (transitive)] > debar (a person) > from a place

to shut outc1384

to shut (some one) out of doors, out of the gates1508

eighty-six1959

1508 J. Fisher Treat. Penyt. Psalmes sig. &&.iii One, that by chaunce was that nyght shette oute of the gates.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 704/1 She hath shytte me out of dores.

1819 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor viii, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. II. 166 And Ravenswood's dirty usage of me—shutting me out of doors to dine with the lacqueys.

3. To screen from view.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > invisibility > make invisible [verb (transitive)] > block view

bury1601

screen1611

obstruct1667

shut1697

to shut out1856

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. ix. 101 A large headland..shutting out all points farther north.

1899 S. J. Cotes Path of Star xv. 160 Orchids hung from above, shutting out the garden.

1906 E. V. Lucas Wanderer in London i. 11 Long white blinds that shut out the house opposite.

4. Baseball. (See quot. 1896. Cf. to shut out). Also transferred in other games and figurative. North American.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > overcome or defeat > easily

to eat (also have) (a person or thing) for breakfast1693

to walk over (the course)1823

to run (also make) rings round (also around)1875

to shut out1881

to walk away from1883

to walk round1901

to roll over1937

to walk (all) over (a person)1976

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > play baseball [verb (transitive)] > cause (team) not to score

to shut out1881

society > leisure > sport > winning, losing, or scoring > win, lose, or score [verb (transitive)] > win > defeat

overplayc1460

smother1676

lurch1678

outplay1702

thrash1789

defeat1830

spreadeagle1832

thresh1852

whitewash1867

blank1870

annihilate1886

nip1893

slam1907

plaster1919

skittle1919

rip1927

maul1928

demolish1938

massacre1940

trounce1942

hammer1948

murder1952

to shut out1952

zilch1957

zip1964

trip1974

1881 N.Y. Herald 17 July 10/3 The Domestics were shut out in every inning up to the eighth, when by bunching their hits they scored two earned runs on a single by Mahny.

1894 Spalding's Base Ball Guide 40 Nichols..shut out the St. Louis team without a game to their credit out of four games played.

1896 R. G. Knowles & M. Morton Baseball 88 [A pitcher] who performed the remarkable feat of shutting out (i.e., disposing of a team in their whole nine innings without a run being scored) Baltimore, Cleveland [etc.].

1952 in H. Wentworth & S. B. Flexner Dict. Amer. Slang (1960) 475/2 The last time [the Princeton football players] were shut out Penn did it on Nov. 3, 1946.

1957 Northland News (Uranium City, Sask.) 7 Jan. 7/2 [Ice hockey] The Flyers shut-out the blue and gold for the second time by a 2–0 count.

1976 National Observer (U.S.) 15 May 2/1 Reagan shut out Ford in Texas, winning all 96 delegates to the National Convention.

to shut to

1. transitive. To close (a door); †to shoot (a bolt).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close (a door, window, etc.) > bolt, bar, or lock > slide bar or bolt into fastening

shootc1000

shutc1000

to shut to?c1225

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close (a door, window, etc.)

shutc1000

steek?c1225

makec1300

speara1325

yark toc1400

to shut toc1450

to put toa1500

warpc1540

enclose1563

to pull to1673

dub1753

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 76 Ȝef..he warpe hond towart þe þurch þe clað. ananricht schutteð þe þurlto.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1078 Ðis angels two drogen loth in, And shetten to ðe dure-pin.

c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 243 Sche..schett to þe dore.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xxi. 30 Forthwith the dores were shut to.

1665 S. Pepys Diary 16 July (1972) VI. 160 A little pretty daughter of my Lady Wright's most innocently came out afterward, and shut the door to.

1886 R. L. Stevenson Kidnapped iii. 16 The door was cautiously opened, and shut to again behind me.

1891 C. Roberts Adrift in Amer. 128 A half-breed Indian that was loafing about there to shut-to the door.

2. intransitive for reflexive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > become closed or shut [verb (intransitive)] > become closed (of a door, window, etc.)

shut1470

steeka1500

to fall to1565

sneck1871

to shut to1912

1912 M. Hewlett in Eng. Rev. Apr. 9 The earth's door shuts-to again.

to shut up

1. transitive. To place or store away in a closed box or other receptacle; to keep from view or use; to confine within bounds. literal and figurative †Also to withhold (one's money, kindness, etc.) from a person.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > a receptacle

to shut upc1400

stopa1425

the mind > possession > supply > storage > store [verb (transitive)] > in a receptacle

to shut upc1400

stowc1485

stuff1567

to stow away1795

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclose [verb (transitive)] > enclose in a receptacle or surrounding mass > in a receptacle

spear1303

to shut upc1400

shrine1592

occlude1623

stop1714

encase1727

the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] > withhold or refuse to give

forbar1303

denyc1374

again-holda1382

withdrawc1386

restraina1393

to shut up1526

renounce1617

denegate1623

c1400 Pety Job 364 in 26 Pol. Poems 132 Tyll he..wylne to be shut vp in hys cheste.

1426 J. Lydgate tr. G. de Guileville Pilgrimage Life Man 17922 To shit vp gold in coffers.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) 1 John iii. 17 Whosoever..seyth his brother in necessitie, and shetteth vppe his compassion from him.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 704/1 He hath shytte up his treasour in a wall.

1540 J. Palsgrave in tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus i. i. sig. Dij He neuer perceyued my goodnesse to be shut vp towardes hym.

1544 P. Betham tr. J. di Porcia Preceptes Warre i. xciv. sig. E vij Whose names are worthye to be spred immortall, in euery age, whose fame should not be shutte vp, or hydde in any posteritie.

1613 G. Chapman Reuenge Bussy D'Ambois v. sig. K3^v Our sensiue spirits..can take..the same formes they had, When they were shut vp in this bodies shade.

1691 J. Scougall tr. D. Beddevole Ess. Anat. 120 Each Lobe [of the Liver] is shut up [Fr. renfermé] in a very delicate Membrane.

1742 E. Young Complaint: Night the Second 30 Thoughts shut up want Air, And spoil.

1825 T. Hook Sayings & Doings 2nd Ser. III. 268 Cutting long slips of muslin..and shutting them up in boxes.

1863 J. D. Dana Man. Geol. 27 The waters are shut up within the great basin, the Caspian and Aral being the seas which receive those waters that are not lost in the plains.

†2. To comprise, include; to condense in brief expressions. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > conciseness > put concisely or briefly [verb (transitive)] > condense

condensate1555

contract1604

to shut up1622

compress1746

condense1805

pemmican1837

pemmicanize1845

to boil down1880

bovrilize1900

society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > summary or epitome > summarize or abridge [verb (transitive)]

abrevya1325

comprehendc1369

abridgec1384

shorta1390

suma1398

abbreviate?a1475

shorten1530

to cut short?1542

curtail1553

to knit up1553

to wind up1583

clip1598

epitomize1599

brief1601

contract1604

to shut up1622

decurt1631

to sum up1642

breviate1663

curtilate1665

compendize1693

epitomate1702

to gather up1782

summarize1808

scissor1829

précis1856

to cut down1857

to boil down1880

synopsize1882

essence1888

résumé1888

short copy1891

bovrilize1900

pot1927

summate1951

capsulize1958

profile1970

1622 H. Peacham Compl. Gentleman vi. 49 Shutting vp whole and weightie Sentences in three words.

a1674 T. Traherne Christian Ethicks (1675) 472 There are three things which beget Love, Beauty, Benefits, and Praises: They are all three shut up in Goodness.

a. To confine (a person or animal) in prison or in some kind of restraint; to keep in seclusion; to hem (a person) round in order to prevent his escape. Also (chiefly reflexive) to shut the door on (a person within a place, room, etc.) to prevent access; passive to be closeted with.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > confinement > confine [verb (transitive)]

beloukOE

loukOE

sparc1175

pena1200

bepen?c1225

pind?c1225

prison?c1225

spearc1300

stopc1315

restraina1325

aclosec1350

forbara1375

reclosea1382

ward1390

enclose1393

locka1400

reclusea1400

pinc1400

sparc1430

hamperc1440

umbecastc1440

murea1450

penda1450

mew?c1450

to shut inc1460

encharter1484

to shut up1490

bara1500

hedge1549

hema1552

impound1562

strain1566

chamber1568

to lock up1568

coop1570

incarcerate1575

cage1577

mew1581

kennel1582

coop1583

encagea1586

pound1589

imprisonc1595

encloister1596

button1598

immure1598

seclude1598

uplock1600

stow1602

confine1603

jail1604

hearse1608

bail1609

hasp1620

cub1621

secure1621

incarcera1653

fasten1658

to keep up1673

nun1753

mope1765

quarantine1804

peg1824

penfold1851

encoop1867

oubliette1884

jigger1887

corral1890

maroon1904

to bang up1950

to lock down1971

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > be enclosed [verb (intransitive)] > with others in a private chamber

to be closeted with (also together)1641

to shut upa1684

1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xiii. 312 I shall bryng hym agen wyth me vnto you all, were he shitte vp in X prisons.

1530 Bible (Tyndale) Lev. xiii. f. xx^v Then let the preast shitt him vpp seuen dayes.

1534 Bible (Tyndale rev. Joye) Acts xxvi. 10 Many of the sainctes I shut vp in preson.

1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 51 A houell, will..serue thee in winter..to shut vp the porklings, thou mindest to fat.

1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies v. xv. 367 These Virgines thus shut vp into these monasteries.

1645 R. Symonds Diary (1859) 173 These garrisons shutt up by the rebells.

a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1670 (1955) III. 563 Din'd at the Tressurers & after dinner were shut-up together.

1741 C. Middleton Hist. Life Cicero (1742) III. 222 He shut him up closely by sea, as well as land.

1798 S. Lee Young Lady's Tale in H. Lee Canterbury Tales II. 476 Those for whom the feast should have been preparing,..remained shut up at home.

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. iii. viii. 147 Whom, however, Loménie,..shuts up in the Bastille.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xv. 613 The Jacobites..were forced to shut themselves up in their houses.

1859 J. M. Jephson & L. Reeve Narr. Walking Tour Brittany i. 1 [I] shut myself up with my own thoughts.

1896 ‘Iota’ Quaker Grandmother 276 The dogs were always shut up on moonlight nights.

figurative.1526 Bible (Tyndale) Gal. iii. 23 Before that fayth cam, we were kept and shut vppe vnder the lawe.1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iii. ii. 28 The whole compass of their Thoughts and Mind being shut up within the two forementioned Sciences.1875 A. Helps Social Pressure i. 3 How we are all shut up in our own small selves.

b. In some games of skill: To surround (the pieces of an opponent) in such a manner that a move becomes impossible without capture. Also said of the player. In Dominoes, see quot. 1870.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [verb (transitive)] > tactics

to shut up1474

to take upc1475

neck1597

catch1674

to discover check1688

attack1735

retreat1744

fork1745

pin1745

retake1750

guard1761

interpose1761

castle1764

retract1777

to take (a pawn) en passant1818

capture1820

decline1847

cook1851

undouble1868

unpin1878

counter1890

fidate1910

sacrifice1915

fianchetto1927

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > table game > dominoes > [verb (transitive)] > block a move

to shut up1870

1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iv. ii. 168 For yf he be taken or ded or ellis Inclusid and shette vp [etc.].

1870 Routledge's Every Boy's Ann. 340 Endeavouring to keep the command of the game [dominoes], so that you can block it at any moment, or, as it is technically termed, ‘shut it up’.

1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues II. 320 Unskilful players of draughts are at last shut up by their skilled adversaries.

c. To compel by the exclusion of alternatives to some particular conclusion, course of action, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] > to or into an action or state > by exclusion of alternatives

to shut up1836

1836 Rob Stene's Dream (Maitland Club) Introd. 12 We are thus shut up to the conclusion, that the Poem must have been composed between 27th January, 1590–1,..and 28th February, 1591–2.

1843 H. Rogers Ess. (1860) III. 44 He plies the Oxford Tractists with this argument very fairly, and shows..that they are shut up to one of two courses.

4. To close (an entrance, aperture, etc.); to pull (a door, window, etc.) to; †to stop up, make impassable (a road). Also occasionally to shut permanently (the eyes, mouth). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > [verb (transitive)] > shut eyes or mouth permanently

to shut up1526

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)]

beloukeOE

tinea900

bitunc1000

forshutc1000

sparc1175

louka1225

bisteke?c1225

spear?c1225

closec1275

knita1398

fastena1400

upclosec1440

to shut up1526

reclude1550

upspeara1563

lucken1568

to make up1582

hatcha1586

belocka1616

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close by obstruction or block up > block the way or a passage

forsetc900

withseta1300

stop13..

speara1325

withsperre1330

to stop one's way1338

shut1362

forbara1375

beseta1400

stopc1400

precludea1513

interclude1526

to shut up1526

forestall1528

fence1535

hedge1535

quar1542

foreclose1548

forestop1566

to flounder up1576

obstruct1578

bar1590

retrench1590

to shut the door in (also upon) (a person's) face1596

barricade1606

barricado1611

thwartc1630

blocka1644

overthwart1654

rebarricado1655

to choke up1673

blockade1696

embarrass1735

snow1816

roadblock1950

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xxv. f. xxxv^v The gate was shett vppe.

1560 T. H. tr. Ovid Fable Narcissus sig. iv^v And deth shut vp those eyes.

1570 T. Wilson tr. Demosthenes 3 Orations ii. 15 All the Ports and Hauens in the Countrie are shutte vp by reason of the warres.

1608 H. Wotton in L. P. Smith Life & Lett. Sir H. Wotton (1907) I. 411 The ways being all shut up with frosts, and snows.

1631 T. Powell Tom of All Trades 32 If the Merchant sit still, the most of them may shut up their Shop windowes.

1785 W. Paley Moral & Polit. Philos. (1841) iii. i. xv. 89 When a tradesman shuts up his windows, to induce his creditors to believe that he is abroad.

1802 R. Brookes Gen. Gazetteer (ed. 12) at Lepanto The harbour is small, and may be shut up by a chain.

1826 in W. Cobbett Rural Rides in Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 23 Sept. 789 Let them answer me this question, or shut up their mouths upon this subject.

1827 M. Faraday Chem. Manip. xix. 495 Closing the extremities of tubes so as to shut up one end.

1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin II. xl. 274 Well, his mouth's shut up, at last.

1891 S. Kinns Graven in Rock viii. 290 The ancient Egyptians had closely shut it [the entrance] up.

figurative.1576 G. Gascoigne Droomme of Doomes Day in Wks. (1910) II. 375 If the outward wandring be shut up, the inward accesse to God is opened.

5. To close, prevent access to or exit from (a place, a house, shop, room, etc.); †to screen by an enclosure from (obsolete); Agriculture to close (a meadow) to pasture, in preparation for a hay crop; to close (a box or other receptacle); Nautical to stop the leaks in (a ship). to shut up shop: see shop n., adj., and int. Phrases 9.Also in Biblical phrases, to shut up the heavens, to withhold rain; to shut up the womb, to render barren.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > dry weather or climate > [verb (transitive)]

to shut up the heavens1530

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > shut up (a place)

steeka1250

shut1340

to shut in1390

spear1445

seclude1451

to shut up1530

mure1550

block1630

lock1773

to lock up1824

seal1931

to sew up1962

to lock down1980

the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > infertility > infertile [verb (transitive)]

to shut up the womb1530

sterilize1828

yeld1831

desexualize1886

the world > space > relative position > condition or fact of being interjacent > be or make interjacent [verb (transitive)] > partition or form a partition > screen from

seclude1601

to shut up1733

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > cultivation of specific crops > [verb (transitive)] > crop with grass or hay > close meadow to grow hay

to lay in1600

to lay down1608

to shut up1765

to put up1892

society > travel > travel by water > other nautical operations > [verb (transitive)] > stop a leak in specific way

fother1789

to shut up1805

to well the ship1820

1530 Bible (Tyndale) Lev. xiv. f. xxvi Then let the preast..shett vp the housse for .vij. dayes.

1530 Bible (Tyndale) Deut. xi. f. xxii And then the wrath of the Lorde..shott vp the heauen that there be no rayne.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Job iii. 10 Because it shut not vp the wombe that bare me.

1576 G. Gascoigne Droomme of Doomes Day in Wks. (1910) II. 246 Gluttony dyd shut up Paradyse.

1592 Arden of Feversham ii. ii. 52 Tis very late, I were best shute vp my stall.

a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1665 (1955) III. 415 Now were two houses shut up in our parish.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 110. ¶5 His Mother..had shut up half the Rooms in the House.

1733 J. Arbuthnot Ess. Effects Air Human Bodies vi. 121 Cities in Greece, shut up from Northerly Winds, were unhealthy.

1765 Museum Rusticum 4 275 Their food, four small pastures... Two of them I fed in the spring, rather late before I shut them up for hay.

1805 C. Collingwood Let. 10 Oct. in Ld. Nelson Disp. & Lett. (1846) VII. 110 (note) The Achille wanted caulking much. I ordered a gang on board of her to shut her up before the wet weather comes.

1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist II. xxvii. 132 Noah, you shut up the shop.

1840 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 1 iv. 396 The field is now shut up till the time of harvesting the crop.

1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lxvii. 624 Let us shut up the box and the puppets.

1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede III. vi. Epil. 327 The workshops have been shut up half an hour or more.

figurative.1702 O. Heywood Autobiogr., Diaries, Anecd. & Event Bks. (1885) IV. 296 Alas then my heart was shut up.

6. To close (something) by folding together, to fold (something) up. Also intransitive for reflexive. Also, †to fit closely together.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > insertion or putting in > insert or put in [verb (transitive)] > by way of filling > fit together

queem1501

even1530

fit1611

to shut up1611

fadge1674

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > become closed or shut [verb (intransitive)] > close by folding together

shut1582

to shut up1829

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > by folding together

to fold upc888

shut?a1366

to do to1562

to make up1629

to shut up1833

1611 Bible (King James) Job xli. 15 His scales are his pride, shut vp together as with a close seale.

1829 P. Barlow Optics in Encycl. Metrop.: Mixed Sci. I. 473/1 A machine shutting up in the form of a chest, or box.

1833 T. Hook Parson's Daughter III. x. 259 Shutting up the easel itself, [she] deposited it in the corner.

1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. iii. 53 And he, shutting up the knife.., accompanied them towards the cottage.

1891 Punch 25 Apr. 201/2 Smart new boy in cloak-room has noted gentlemen shutting up their crush hats.

1911 Daily Graphic 2 Dec. 4/3 Shutting up the little book he had been reading.

†7. To conclude, wind up (a subject, discourse, etc.); to finish up (an act, a period of time, etc.), to bring to an end with. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > bring to an end or conclude [verb (transitive)]

yendc1000

abatec1300

finec1300

endc1305

finisha1375

definec1384

terminec1390

achievea1393

out-enda1400

terminate?a1425

conclude1430

close1439

to bring adowna1450

terma1475

adetermine1483

determine1483

to knit up1530

do1549

parclose1558

to shut up1575

expire1578

date1589

to close up1592

period1595

includea1616

apostrophate1622

to wind off1650

periodizea1657

dismiss1698

to wind up1740

to put the lid on1873

to put the tin hat on something1900

to wash up1925

1575 G. Gascoigne Certayne Notes Instr. in Posies sig. U.j^v The two last [lines] do combine and shut vp the Sentence.

1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 158 To shutte up the matter in fewe wordes.

1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) ii. vi. 171/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I Some making their entrie with egs, and shutting vp their tables with mulberies.

1592 T. Kyd Spanish Trag. ii. sig. D2 And heauens haue shut vp day to pleasure vs.

1602 W. Leigh Soules Solace in W. Harrison Deaths Advantage (ed. 2) 18 Hee shut vp his blessed life, with these blessed words [etc.].

1620 T. Venner Via Recta viii. 182 I must aduertise them that shut vp their meale with drinke, that they doe it with a moderate draught.

1633 Battle of Lutzen 28 I shut up all concerning this point in this Assertion.

1638 A. Read Treat. 1st Pt. Chirurg. i. 1 In the last Lecture..I shut up the doctrine of ulcers.

c1650 in G. Bromley Coll. Royal Lett. (1787) 309 Thus I will shut up my long and tedious letter.

1707 E. Ward Wooden World Dissected 101 He constantly shuts up the Week with a Debauch.

1741 J. Wesley Wks. (1872) I. 303 I will shut up this melancholy subject with part of a letter.

8. colloquial. To be the end of (a matter).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > bring to an end or conclude [verb (transitive)] > be the end of

to shut up1856

1856 C. Dickens Little Dorrit (1857) i. xii. 102 Now, I'll tell you what it is, and this shuts it up..I'll let him off for another five down and a bottle of wine; and if you mean done, say done, and if you don't like it, leave it.

9. intransitive. Of a period of time, state of things, a discourse, an action: To come to an end. archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ceasing > cease activity [verb (intransitive)] > specifically of things, actions, or processes

restOE

leathc1275

stintc1275

slakea1300

ceasec1374

slocka1400

batec1400

lissec1400

stanchc1420

surcease1439

remain1480

stopa1529

break1530

decease1538

falla1555

to shut up1609

subside1654

drop1697

low1790

to go out1850

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > be at an end [verb (intransitive)] > come to an end, terminate, or expire

to run outeOE

endOE

stintc1275

slakea1300

overpassc1350

determinec1374

overruna1393

dispend1393

failc1399

missa1400

to wear out, forth1412

stanchc1420

to come outa1450

terminea1450

expire?c1450

finish1490

conclude1593

upclose1603

terminate1608

to shut up1609

to wind off1650

stop1733

to fall in1771

close1821

to blaze out1884

outgive1893

to play out1964

1609 Old Meg of Hereford-shire sig. A4^v The sports growing to the end, and shutting vp.

1667 S. Pepys Diary 31 Mar. (1974) VIII. 139 The month shuts up, only with great desires of peace in all of us.

1865 A. C. Swinburne Chastelard v. ii. 180 So here my time shuts up.

10. Of a person: †To end one's course of action (obsolete); to bring one's remarks to a close. Now rare. (Cf. 13.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > completing > complete or conclude action [verb (intransitive)]

enda1340

finisha1400

conclude1526

to get through1589

get1594

dispatcha1616

to shut up1626

to wind up1631

finale1797

to top off1836

to top up1837

through1894

to roll up1963

the mind > language > speech > speak [verb (intransitive)] > finish speaking

to shut up1626

to trail off1845

1626 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. VIII. O.T. xx. 21 The Joash of Judah..hauing beene preserued..by Iehoiada the Priest..shuts vp in the vnkinde murther of his sonne.

1657 J. Watts Scribe, Pharisee i. 72 And now (to shut up) I will give you a brief recapitulation.

1700 R. Cromwell Let. in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1898) 13 121 I fear how farre my penn hath runn; it is but reasonable to shut up.

1868 C. Thirlwall Lett. (1881) II. 175 I must now shut up.

11. Of a commercial house: To close its doors, stop payment. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > insolvency > [verb (intransitive)] > stop payment

to stop payment1766

to shut up1841

1841 W. M. Thackeray Great Hoggarty Diamond x The very day when the Muff and Tippet Company shut up.

12. transitive. To cause (a person) to stop talking, to reduce to silence. Also to silence (hostile artillery).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > refrain from uttering [verb (transitive)] > silence or prevent from speaking

to stop a person's mouthc1175

stilla1225

to keep ina1420

stifle1496

to knit up1530

to muzzle (up) the mouth1531

choke1533

muzzle?1542

to tie a person's tongue1544

tongue-tiea1555

silence1592

untongue1598

to reduce (a person or thing) to silence1605

to bite in1608

gaga1616

to swear downa1616

to laugh down1616

stifle1621

to cry down1623

unworda1627

clamour1646

splint1648

to take down1656

snap1677

stick1708

shut1809

to shut up1814

to cough down1823

to scrape down1855

to howl down1872

extinguish1878

hold1901

shout1924

to pipe down1926

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > loss or lack of voice > deprive of voice [verb (transitive)] > put to silence

to put silence toc1384

to stop (one's own or another's) mouthc1384

to put (a person or thing) to silencea1464

mumc1475

stillc1540

to button up (a person's) lip (also mouth)1601

obacerate1656

bouche1721

to shut up1814

to pipe down1926

to button (a person's) lip (also mouth)1968

society > armed hostility > defence > holding out or making stand > hold [verb (transitive)] > repel > silence hostile artillery

to shut up1860

1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park III. xvi. 305 Her son, who was always guided by the last speaker, by the person who could get hold of and shut him up .

1856 C. Dickens Little Dorrit (1857) i. xiii. 115 I say to them, What else are you made for? It shuts them up. They haven't a word to answer.

1860 W. H. Russell My Diary in India 1858–9 I. 291 Our artillery seemed to shut the hostile guns up.

1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. I. v. 79 When I got there I was quite shut up.

1866 H. J. W. Buxton Mysteries of Isis 7 The Captain shuts up poor Henry..and he can't say a word in return.

1887 Poor Nellie (1888) 16 Looks at you and shuts you up just like Snorker, my old form master.

13. intransitive (colloquial or slang.) To shut one's mouth, to stop talking. (Cf. 10) Often in imperative.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > be silent/refrain from speaking [verb (intransitive)] > stop speaking

to make up one's mouthc1175

to shut (also close) one's mouthc1175

blina1300

dumba1300

leavea1375

to put a sock in ita1529

hush1548

silence1551

stay1551

stow1567

stop1579

to save one's breath (also wind)1605

tace1697

stubble it!1699

shut your trap!1796

to keep a calm (or quiet) sough1808

stubble your whids!1830

to shut up1840

to dry up1853

pawl1867

subside1872

to pipe down1876

to shut (one's) head, face1876

shurrup1893

to shut off1896

clam1916

dry1934

shtum1958

to oyster up1973

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > loss or lack of voice > lose the voice [verb (intransitive)] > not utter

to shut (also close) one's mouthc1175

to hold (also have, keep) one's peacea1275

peacec1395

muffa1500

to put a sock in ita1529

whista1547

to say not muff1652

to hold one's whisht1786

to shut (one's) pan1799

to shut up1840

to hold one's whistc1874

to shut (one's) head, face1876

to wrap up1943

1840 Daily Picayune (New Orleans) 10 Oct. 2/4 The Dutch~man got a hint to ‘shut up’ from one of the officers.

1853 ‘C. Bede’ Adventures Mr. Verdant Green viii. 69 Order! or-der! Shut up, Bouncer!

1858 A. Trollope Dr. Thorne I. v. 125 On this occasion he seemed to be at some loss for words: he shut up, as the slang phrase goes.

1905 E. Glyn Vicissitudes Evangeline 134 He nearly had a fit, and shut up at once.

14. Of a racehorse: To refuse to go on running in a race.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by speed or gait > [verb (intransitive)] > refuse to go on

jib1811

to shut up1859

1859 C. J. Lever Davenport Dunn xxix Some horses..drag their feet along, all weary and tired; if you push them a bit, they shut up, or they answer the whip with a kind of shrug.

Draft additions June 2015

to shut up

intransitive. In imperative. colloquial (originally U.S.). Expressing surprise, incredulity, or admiration, typically in response to something that has been said; ‘you're kidding’, ‘that's incredible’.

ΚΠ

1990 P. Munro Slang U 170 I saw Bill Cosby on campus—he even said hi to me.—Shut up!

2003 Wired Jan. 98/1 When I came here five years ago, I was like, Shut up! I can't believe these guys are calling us.

2010 B. Agbaje Off Endz i. 7 David Oh my days, I can't believe this cartoon is still on. Sharon Yes, it's on every day. David Shut up..no way.

2012 T. Aleo Empty Net xxv. 339 ‘I'm opening a cupcakery,’ Audrey said proudly... ‘Shut up! That's amazing! Congratulations.’

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	shut
释义	shutn.¹ Brit. /ʃʌt/, U.S. /ʃət/ Forms: α. 1600s–1700s shutt, 1700s shoot, 1600s– shut; β. Middle English schett. Etymology: < shut v. 1. Something which shuts off or closes up. †a. A locking-bar or bolt. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > [noun] > bolt or bar shuttle971 barc1175 esselc1275 slota1300 sperel13.. ginc1330 staple-bar1339 shotc1430 shuttingc1440 shutc1460 spar1596 counter-bar1611 shooter1632 drawbar1670 night bolt1775 drop-bolt1786 snibbing-bolt1844 stay-band1844 window bar1853 heck-stower1876 barrel bolt1909 latch bolt1909 panic bolt1911 c1460 Promptorium Parvulorum (Winch.) 315 On-doyng, or onpynnynge schettis or sperellys, apparicio. 1623 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. (ed. 2) ix. xxi. 1020/2 With what key K. Henry opened the golden shut of the Popes Consistory for his free accesse,..I cannot say. 1662 J. A. Comenius Janua Linguarum Trilinguis 100 As you come to the gate on both the sides are the posts; and in one of them the hinges..but in the other are the shuts (shutting bars) [L. claustra]. 1845 B. Disraeli Sybil II. iii. iv. 61 He knocked the corner of a lock into my head twice, once with a bolt and once with a shut; you know what that is; the thing what runs into the staple. b. A shutter for a window. Now dialect. (See Eng. Dial. Dict.) ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > parts of windows > [noun] > fittings or ornaments of windows > shutter fall window1422 lock1440 window?c1500 lid1535 winnock-bred1546 window lid1591 counter-window1600 shut1611 shuttle1614 window-broad1628 window-shut1649 window shutter1665 window board1683 shutter1720 fallboard1742 jalousie1766 storm shutter1834 rain door1867 amado1873 sunbreak1891 brise-soleil1944 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Volet,..also a shut, or woodden window to shut ouer a glasse one. 1655 tr. C. Sorel Comical Hist. Francion iii. 67 A small window, which never had a shut [Fr. volet]. 1690 W. Walker Idiomatologia Anglo-Lat. 414 Open the shut. c. gen. A hinged or sliding door or plate for closing an aperture; †a valve. Also in Mining: see quot. 1886. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > [noun] > that which closes an aperture > hinged or sliding plate shut1651 society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > control(s) > [noun] > valve cockc1483 window1576 stopcock1584 register1612 shut1651 valve1659 flap1824 shut-off1869 stop-tap1895 stop-gate1902 society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > mouth or top of mine or shaft > apparatus at mouth of shaft puppet head1778 headgear1835 headstocks1845 poppet-head1869 head house1870 shaft-house1872 shaft-tackle1874 shut1886 1651 J. Saint-Amard tr. F. Micanzio Life Father Paul sig. G7^v Those inward shuts or folds that are within the veines. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory (1905) iii. xvii. 105/2 A Morion..with a shut to secure the face. 1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 186 Therefore were there no Shuts or Stopples made for the Ears. 1715 J. T. Desaguliers tr. N. Gauger Fires Improv'd 121 You may have two Shuts if you will, made..to shut up, or open both Holes. 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 267 A small sliding shut should be made in the partition. 1886 J. Barrowman Gloss. Sc. Mining Terms 60 Shuts, movable or hinged supports for the cage at a pithead. †2. An enclosure; a stew for fish. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > fish-keeping, farming, or breeding > [noun] > fish-pond or -tank fish-poolc950 fish-housec1000 viverc1330 stew1387 piscinaa1398 piscinea1400 fishpondc1440 trunk1440 moat1463 stagnec1470 servatorya1475 viviera1500 fish-stew1552 vivarium1600 shut1605 fish-stove1615 keep1617 estang1628 vivarya1634 nursery1772 preserve1849 whalerya1880 fish tank1957 the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > [noun] > an enclosed space or place lockOE close1297 cloisterc1300 purseynta1325 clausurea1398 closinga1398 closera1400 blokc1400 procinct1422 parclosea1470 enterclose1480 enclose1483 closure1496 sept1548 enclosure1552 shut1605 cincture1627 precinct1774 encincture1849 zariba1885 1605 W. Camden Remaines i. 102 Shot, or Shvt, A Keepe (Munster). 1662 J. A. Comenius Janua Linguarum Trilinguis 85 Then part of the fish he sells, part he shuts up in his shuts. 3. The action, time, or place of shutting. Chiefly poetic, the close (of day), the closing in (of evening). ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [noun] > closing or shutting shutting?a1366 closing1398 clausurec1440 sparring1564 uphasping1582 closure1600 fastening1605 shut1667 close1721 the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > evening > [noun] > twilight, dusk, or nightfall nighteOE evengloamOE eveningOE gloamingc1000 darknessa1382 twilighting1387 crepusculum1398 crepusculec1400 darkc1400 twilight1412 sky1515 twinlightc1532 day-going?1552 cockshut1592 shutting1598 blind man's holiday1599 candle-lighting1605 gropsing1606 nightfall1612 dusk1622 torchlighta1656 candlelight1663 crepuscle1665 shut1667 mock-shade1669 close1696 duskish1696 glooma1699 setting1699 dimmit1746 to-fall of the day or night1748 darklins1767 even-close1781 mirkning1790 gloaming-shot1793 darkening1814 bat-flying time1818 gloama1821 between-light1821 settle1822 dayfall1823 evenfall1825 onfall1825 owl-hoot1832 glooming1842 darkfall1884 smokefall1936 dusk-light1937 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 278 As in a shadie nook I stood behind, Just then returnd at shut of Evening Flours. View more context for this quotation 1690 J. Dryden Amphitryon ii. i. 11 I have been in an Ague fit, ever since shut of Evening. 1743 R. Blair Grave 39 At the Shut of Ev'n, the weary Bird Leaves the wide Air. 1820 J. Keats Hyperion: a Fragm. ii, in Lamia & Other Poems 169 When the chill rain begins at shut of eve. 1869 J. G. Whittier Norembega 19 At shut of day a Christian knight Upon his henchman leaned. 1899 G. Meredith Cageing Ares in Poet. Wks. (1912) 522 Whereof they won, From hourly wrestlings up to shut of lids, Her ready secret. 4. a. A join, mend, splice; a weld, the line of junction of two pieces of welded metal. cold shut, an imperfect weld due to chill; an imperfection in a casting, caused by the flow of liquid metal on a chilled surface. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > [noun] > a join or junction juncturea1382 jointure1382 joiningc1384 commissure?c1425 shuttingc1440 concourse?a1560 abutment1644 internodium1653 shut1721 uniting1728 conjuncture1747 join1825 junction1841 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > qualities of metals > [noun] > imperfections > imperfect weld cold shut1877 1721 J. Perry Acct. Stopping Daggenham Breach 60 To joint close into the Grooves..and make an effectual Shut like one entire Sheet of Timber. 1831 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal I. 114 The entire length and shape were produced without a shut. 1877 W. Richards Manuf. Coal Gas 217 The castings must be free from any imperfections, such as honeycombs, ‘cold shuts’, cracks, or flaws. b. The line of junction of door and jamb. ΚΠ 1911 M. R. James More Ghost Stories, Martin's Close (1920) 197 There was..an edge of a brown stuff dress..sticking out of the shut of the door. Categories » 5. dialect. A riddance; esp. in a good shut. (Cf. shut v. 11 and shuttance n.) Compounds shut-knife n. dialect a clasp-knife, a pocket-knife. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > knife > [noun] > pocket-knife pocket knife1676 jackknife1683 barlow knife1779 stick knife1819 shut-knife1879 toad-stabber1885 switch-blade1909 blade1920 Batangas knife1937 switch-knife1955 1879 J. Spilling Johnny's Jaunt i. 8 I took out my shet-knife and cut her a..huncheon off the loaf. 1913 D. H. Lawrence Sons & Lovers vii. 170 But they managed to procure a loaf and a currant-loaf, which they hacked into pieces with shut-knives, and ate sitting on the wall near the bridge. 1979 in R. Blythe View in Winter i. 63 He'd whittle away at things... He was that cliver [sic] with his shutknife. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022). shutn.² Brit. /ʃʌt/, U.S. /ʃət/ Forms: Also †shut(t)e. Etymology: Middle English shute , < Old English scyte: see shute n.¹ For earlier references to the word in surnames and place-names outside Shropshire, see Middle Eng. Dict. s.v. shute n. (e). Shropshire dialect. A narrow alley-way or passage, often serving as a short cut between two streets. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > lane > [noun] > between buildings twitchenOE chare12.. shut1300 alley1360 entryc1405 wyndc1425 vennel1435 trance1545 row1599 ginnel1669 ruelle1679 gangway1785 pend close1819 ope1825 jitty1836 scutchell1847 gully1849 bolt1855 opeway1881 snicket1898 jigger1902 jowler1961 1300 in T. F. Dukes Antiq. Shropshire (1844) App. p. xvii Et sic per quandam viam usque le mersiche justa Andolph Shute. a1500 in Trans. Shropshire Archæol. Soc. (1882) 106 Per Watling strete usque le Wodewardes Shutte. 1700 in Shropshire Parish Reg.: Diocese of Lichfield XV. 590, Oct. 27. John, s. of John & Mary Roe, in baret's shut..borne. c1817 in G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. (1879–81) 379 A shut in Shrewsbury language denotes, not, as might be imagined, a cul-de-sac, or alley shut at one end, but, on the contrary, one open at both extremities. 1882 J. Randall Severn Valley ix. 185 They lean and nod and sometimes touch, forming dark arcades, locally known as ‘shuts’. 1922 S. Weyman Ovington's Bank iii. 35 The alleys—dubbed in Aldersbury ‘shuts’. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1993; most recently modified version published online March 2022). shutadj. Brit. /ʃʌt/, U.S. /ʃət/ Etymology: past participle of shut v. a. In senses of the verb: Closed, fastened up, folded together, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [adjective] > closed or shut lokenOE yclosed1377 luckena1400 speareda1400 closec1400 shut1474 yschutte?a1475 parrocked?1510 closed1526 folded1570 occluse1601 shut-up1614 steeked1709 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) ii. iv. 51 Wyth a closid and shette purse shalt thou neuer haue victorye. 1528 T. Paynell tr. Arnaldus de Villa Nova in Joannes de Mediolano Regimen Sanitatis Salerni 24 The open aier wolde be chosen and..the shutte aier be eschewed. 1615 R. Cocks Diary (1883) I. 89 He would cary both our open and also our shut letters. 1748 S. Richardson Clarissa VI. xxi. 72 Speaking words of tenderness through his shut teeth. 1830 W. Carleton Traits & Stories Irish Peasantry I. 51 The dog..laying his shut paw upon Jack's nose. 1894 R. Kipling Jungle Bk. 57 His first stroke..was sent home with shut mouth in silence. in extended use.1817 Ld. Byron Manfred i. i. 19 By thy shut soul's hypocrisy.1907 O. Lodge Subst. Faith x. 63 Their shut minds and self-satisfied hearts are things to marvel at. b. (See quot. 1809.) ΚΠ 1809 R. Langford Introd. Trade 52 When the word shut is placed after any particular stock, it denotes no transfer can be made, as the books of the Stock or company are adjusting. c. Paper-making. (See quot. 1825.) ΚΠ 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 376 In a well-made sheet of paper the fibres are ranged in a horizontal and parallel direction, and a manufacturer describing such a sheet of paper, would say that the stuff was well shut. †d. shut face n. ? an air of mystery. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > a profound secret, mystery > [noun] > mysterious state or quality > making mysterious > air of shut face1631 misterioso1953 1631 B. Jonson Staple of Newes iv. iv. 64 in Wks. II With all your..lookes out of the politicks, your shut-faces, And reseru'd Questions, and Answers that you game with. †e. shut sound, shut vowel = close adj. 1d. Also used to designate a short vowel of the quality used in closed syllables. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > vowel > [noun] > types of naso-vocal1669 sheva1818 union vowel1821 shut sound1841 cardinal vowel1851 u-sound1852 neutral vowel1868 O1869 wide1870 vincular1871 indeterminate vowel1873 u-vowel1886 orinasal1887 pharyngal1887 glide-vowel1888 schwa1895 murmur vowel1910 murmured vowel1933 1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands III. 222 Those who inhabit the valley of the Po..have derived..a strong tendency to nasal sounds and shut vowels. 1849 J. Craig Key to Pronunc. in New Universal Dict. A. Shut sound, as in man... E. Shut sound, as in men... O. Shut sound, as in hot. f. shut couplet n. (see quot. 1896). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > part of poem > [noun] > stanza > couplet > closed couplet shut couplet1896 1896 G. Saintsbury Hist. 19th Cent. Lit. i. 7 What has been called the ‘shut’ couplet—the couplet more or less rigidly confined to itself, and not overlapping. Compounds General attributive. See also shut-in adj. and n., shut-out adj. and n., shut-up adj. C1. shut-away adj. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [adjective] solec1407 separate1600 sequestereda1616 unconjunctive1643 recluse1656 separated1730 removed1766 insulated1781 stray1796 insulate1803 isolated1811 Robinson Crusoe1823 incommunicado1844 shut-out1853 isolate1854 marooned1883 cut-off1894 shut-away1911 shut-off1913 splitsville1964 1911 J. Galsworthy Patrician ii. xvi. 253 Her face had a strange, brooding, shut-away look, as though he had frightened her. 1914 ‘Saki’ When William Came xvi. 272 He looked round again at the rolling stretches of brown hills; before he had regarded them merely as the background to this little shut-away world. 1959 Listener 12 Mar. 473/1 The sensitive, shut-away man. C2. shut-eyed adj. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > eye > [adjective] > movements of eye > eyes closed winking1390 shut-eyed1934 1934 J. A. Lee Children of Poor (1949) iii. 68 Prayer was tiring in the extreme, in an atmosphere of tense, sweaty, shut-eyed sanctity. 1956 H. Gold Man who was not with It xxx. 283 I watched Belle's shut-eyed face..compose with fatigue. 1960 T. Hughes Lupercal 37 And look in at the byre's Blaze of darkness: a sudden shut-eyed look Backward into the head. shut-minded adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > bias, prejudice > bigotry, intolerance > [adjective] hidebound1603 bigot1623 bigotish1652 bigoted1660 bigoticala1670 bigotic1678 intolerating1711 intolerant1765 chauvinist1877 redneck1938 chauvinistic1975 shut-minded1977 1977 Sunday Mail (Brisbane) 20 Nov. 27/4 I don't want to get shut-minded as I get older. 1981 Times Lit. Suppl. 16 Jan. 60/4 At this stage in such a review it is a common topos to remark that thanks are due to the editor or author for raising weighty questions. It may seem churlish or shut-minded, but for £45 one might also expect a few answers. shut-mindedness n. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > bias, prejudice > bigotry, intolerance > [noun] intoleration1611 bigotry1616 intolerancy1623 bigotism1632 intolerance1790 shut-mindedness1933 chauvinism1955 fascism1958 1933 C. C. Martindale in M. Leahy Conversions to Catholic Church ix. 91 A priestly work of incredible shut-mindedness, but..homage-worthiness. shut-mouthed adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > [adjective] unspeakinga1382 speechless1390 mutec1400 dumb1406 silenta1425 peaceablec1425 secretc1440 of few wordsa1500 tongue-tied1529 mum1532 closec1540 strait-laced1546 tongue-dumb1556 incommunicable1568 sparing1568 inconversable1577 retentive1599 wordless1604 mumbudget1622 uncommunicable1628 monastica1631 word-bound1644 on (also upon) the reserve1655 strait-mouthed1664 oyster-like1665 incommunicative1670 mumchance1681 speechless1726 taciturnous1727 tongue-tacked1727 monosyllabic1735 silentish1737 untalkative1739 silentious1749 buttoned-up1767 taciturn1771 close as wax1772 untittletattling1779 reticent1825 voiceless1827 say-nothing1838 unremonstrant1841 still1855 unvocal1858 inexpansive186. short-tongued1864 non-communicating1865 tight-lipped1876 unworded1886 chup1896 tongue-bound1906 shut-mouthed1936 zip-lipped1943 shtum1958 1936 C. Sandburg People, Yes 113 In Vermont a shut-mouthed husband finally broke forth to his wife. 1959 W. R. Bird These are Maritimes viii. 217 That made him awful mad but he wouldn't say anything. He's what you'd call ‘shut~mouthed’. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022). shutv. Brit. /ʃʌt/, U.S. /ʃət/ Forms: Past tense and participle shut. Forms: present stem α. Old English scyttan, Middle English schutte, Middle English s(c)hitte, Middle English–1500s shutte, Middle English–1500s shytt(e, shyt, (also 1800s dialect) shit, (Middle English schytte, 1500s schut, shute, shot), 1600s shutt, 1500s– shut; β. Middle English ssette, (3 singular present indicative Middle English sset, imperative Middle English scete, Middle English ssete), Middle English schette, Middle English–1500s shette, (1500s Scottish schet), Middle English–1500s, 1800s dialect shet; γ. Middle English schete, Middle English–1500s shete, 1500s sheet. past tense Old English scytte, Middle English schutte, s(c)hitte, (Middle English shutte, Middle English, 1500s shytt, Middle English shyt, s(c)hytte, 1500s shutt), Middle English– shut; β. Middle English–1500s shette, Middle English schette, Middle English schet(t, Middle English–1500s shet; β. Middle English schittide, Middle English shytted, 1800s dialect shutted. past participle Middle English -scutted, Middle English shyt, Middle English–1500s shutte, (Middle English schit(t, schytte, Middle English yschutte, shytte, shit(t)e, 1500s shyt(t, shitt), Middle English–1500s shutte, (also 1800s dialect) shit, 1500s–1600s shutt, Middle English– shut; β. Middle English ischet, (Middle English ys(c)het, yscheot, ysset, ischette, schet(t), Middle English–1500s shette, schet, (also 1800s dialect) shet, Middle English–1500s shett; γ. 1500s sheet; δ. Middle English schowt(?), 1500s shott, 1500s, 1800s dialect shot; ε. 1600s– (now dialect and archaic) shutten. Etymology: Old English scyttan (more frequently in the compound forscyttan forshut v.) < prehistoric skuttjan, < skut- weak grade of the root of shoot v. Compare Old Frisian schetta (West Frisian skette, sketsje), (Middle) Low German, (Middle) Dutch schutten to shut, shut up, obstruct. (The formal coincidence of the Middle High German and modern German schützen to protect is probably accidental.) The normal representation of Old English scyttan would be shit; down to the 16th cent. this was the prevailing form, though the Kentish shette (used by Chaucer and Gower) was also very common. The modern form appears to have been originally West Midland. The simple verb. †1. transitive. To put (a lock, bar, bolt, etc.) in position so as to fasten a door, etc. Obsolete. (Cf. shoot v. 13.) ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close (a door, window, etc.) shutc1000 steek?c1225 makec1300 speara1325 yark toc1400 to shut toc1450 to put toa1500 warpc1540 enclose1563 to pull to1673 dub1753 the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close (a door, window, etc.) > bolt, bar, or lock > slide bar or bolt into fastening shootc1000 shutc1000 to shut to?c1225 c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) xxxvii. 220 Sero (seras) ic scytte sum loc oððe hæpsige. c1370 Gregorius (Horstm.) 669 Þe Fisschere on his feire feet þe lok schutte ful faste i wis. 1426 J. Lydgate tr. G. de Guileville Pilgrimage Life Man 3084 Tvnshetten & to shette ageyn Lokkys echon. 1633 S. Rutherford Lett. (1675) iii. 193 I have gotten now, honour to my Lord, the gate to open the store, and shut the bar of his door. †2. To fasten (a door or aperture) with a lock or bar. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close (a door, window, etc.) > bolt, bar, or lock sparc1175 pena1200 louka1225 bara1300 shutc1320 lockc1325 clicketc1390 keyc1390 pinc1390 sneckc1440 belocka1450 spare?c1450 latch1530 to lock up1549 slot1563 bolt1574 to lock to?1575 double-lock1594 stang1598 obserate1623 padlock1722 button1741 snib1808 chain1839 c1320 Sir Beues 3031 A..schette þe dore wiþ þe keie. c1400 Gamelyn 292 And thanne was it y-schet faste with a pin. 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. viii. 149 The cheste that was shette wyth iii lockis. 1509 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) I. 477 A stronge Chest..having iiij lockes and iiij keyes to shete and open the same. 1686 tr. J. Chardin Trav. Persia 74 The Door is shut with a piece of Felt. 1825 W. Scott Betrothed v, in Tales Crusaders II. 104 By keeping doors shut. absolute.1638 J. Milton Lycidas in Obsequies 23 in Justa Edouardo King Two massie keyes he bore of metalls twain, (The golden opes, the iron shuts amain). 3. a. To bring (a door, gate, window, lid, etc.) into the position in which it closes the aperture. to shut fast: to shut so that it cannot easily be opened. Also (originally U.S.) in past participle with verbs of movement, as draw, push, etc., denoting completion of an action; equivalent to to adv. 4.As words like door, gate, etc. usually admit of being used for the aperture together with that which closes it, this sense passes into sense 7. ΚΠ c1200 Vices & Virtues 143 Ga into þine bedde..and scete ðe dure. ?a1366 Romaunt Rose 529 I fond a wiket smal So shet that I ne mighte in goon. c1369 G. Chaucer Bk. Duchesse 335 My wyndowes were shette [v.rr. shet, shyt] echon. c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 67 Þer nys noon þat shittiþ frely þe doris of þe temple. a1400 K. Alis. 6185 In the water is heore gates;..Whan hit is flod, y-scheot [Laud yshet] they beoth. a1400 K. Alis. (W.) 5821 The men of that cite..ronnen to her gates fast, And hem shetten wel on hast. c1412 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 1094 Thogh his dore be noght shit. c1440 Generydes 5773 The gates ar all shett of that Citee. 1483 in H. E. Malden Cely Papers (1900) 141 They schytte the gattes. 1521 Cov. Leet-bk. 669 The gates of the Citee shal-be shot euery nyght at viij of the clok. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke xi. f. xciiij Nowe is the dore shett. a1539 in Archaeologia (1882) 47 52 That doore..contynually to stand shitt the tymes of dyvyne seruice. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 119^v The windowes..being kept shut in winter. 1629 tr. Herodian Hist. (1635) 53 The Citizens..shut their doores. 1647 J. Trapp Comm. Epist. & Rev. (Heb. iv. 1) When the gate is shut. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost viii. 240 Fast we found, fast shut The dismal Gates, and barricado'd strong. View more context for this quotation 1737 Gentleman's Mag. Oct. 608/2 The Gate used to be kept shut. 1829 W. Scott Anne of Geierstein III. xi. 298 He would not even condescend to shut his gates. 1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair liv. 484 The publican shutting his shutters. 1884 Cent. Mag. Nov. 13 He..pushed the ground~glass door shut. 1895 P. Hemingway Out of Egypt i. iii. 26 Every house had its green blinds closely shut. 1902 O. Wister Virginian xiv. 163 Our wheels clucked over the main-line switch. A train-hand threw it shut after. 1911 H. S. Harrison Queed ii. 23 The last boarder rising drew shut the folding-doors into the parlor. 1924 C. E. Mulford Rustlers' Valley xiv He kicked shut the draught door of the stove. 1933 E. O'Neill Ah, Wilderness! i. 18 She slams the door shut. 1957 T. Slessor First Overland 256 We slam shut the windows, as the car slides down through the rocks. absolute.a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Isa. xxii. 22 He schal opene, and noon schal be that schal schitte.1825 T. Hook Sayings & Doings 2nd Ser. I. 110 The servants by their pointed civilities, their zealous activity in opening and shutting,..declared the joyous moment at hand. b. const. against, †to (or dative), upon (a person, etc., to prevent his ingress or exit, or access to him). ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close (a door, window, etc.) > to prevent a person's ingress or exit shut1340 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 210 Huanne þou sselt bidde god..ine þine herte, ssete þe dore ope þe. c1450 Knt. de la Tour 145 They fonde the gatis shette and closed ayenst hem. 1518 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 132 Wyllyam..shytt the doore to hym. 1633 T. Adams Comm. 2 Peter (ii. 5) 580 The Lord..himselfe shut the doore of the Arke upon Noah. 1737 Gentleman's Mag. Aug. 467/1 He finds the Gates shut against him. 1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lxvi. 603 She walked out of the room with a most majestic air, and shut her own door briskly on herself. 1876 W. Besant & J. Rice Golden Butterfly I. Prol. ii. 36 Adam was not more destitute when the garden-gates were shut on him. c. transferred and figurative (and in figurative context). ΚΠ 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 189 To þe fole maydenes..god ham ssette þe gate of þe sposayles. a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) iii. xx. sig. S.v We shall not fayle..to haue a doore shutte vpon vs, where we haue none shutte on vs nowe. 1751 T. Gray Elegy xvii. 8 And shut the gates of mercy on mankind. 1770 E. Burke Thoughts Present Discontents 51 Resistance to power, has shut the door of the House of Commons to one man. 1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam xliii. 66 Before God shut the doorways of his head. View more context for this quotation 1855 F. A. Paley in tr. Aeschylus Agamemnon in Trag. 395/2 Men are never satiated with prosperity, and never shut their doors against it. d. intransitive for reflexive. Of a door, etc.: To close of its own accord, or by some unseen agency. Also, to admit of being shut, or of being shut in a specified manner. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > become closed or shut [verb (intransitive)] > become closed (of a door, window, etc.) shut1470 steeka1500 to fall to1565 sneck1871 to shut to1912 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xiii. iii. 615 Alle the dores & wyndowes of the palays shut by them self. 1648 H. Hexham Groot Woorden-boeck Een Schuyf-venster, a Drawing-windowe that opens and shutts. 1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 199 The Door..shuts with a strong Bar behind it. 1825 W. Scott Talisman iv, in Tales Crusaders III. 112 The last chorister had no sooner crossed the threshold of the door, than it shut with a loud sound. 1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxvii. 40 [Addressing the door] Hung to the beam, you shut mutely or open again. 4. transitive. To close (something) by bringing together the outward covering parts. a. To close (one's eyes). Also figurative, esp. in to shut one's eyes to (also against, on); to ignore, refuse to recognize or consider. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > eye > [verb (transitive)] > move eyes > close eyes shutc1366 to stop (a person's) eyes or sightc1380 sparec1400 close1667 the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > ignoring, disregard > ignore, disregard [verb (transitive)] > allow to pass unnoticed to look through ——OE to let (something) overpassa1375 overpassa1382 unseea1395 forgoa1400 balkc1440 dissimulea1450 pass?c1475 dissemblea1500 dissimulatea1533 to wink at1535 nod1607 connive1641 beholdc1650 to wink against1653 to shut one's eyes to (also against, on)a1711 blink1742 c1366 Romaunt Rose 296 She..shette hir eien for disdeyn. 1421–5 T. Hoccleve Learn to Die 872 They close & shitte the yen of hir mynde. 1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 292 The Hawke will sniffe often, and shet hir eyes towards night. 1661 R. Boyle Some Consider. Style of Script. (1675) 52 The plainest rustics, if they will not wilfully shut their eyes, may, by the benefit of its light, direct their steps. a1711 J. Norris Pract. Disc. (1716) II. ii. 35 I cannot shut my Eyes against Manifest Truth. 1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron II. vii. ix. 146 Shut your eyes to assist your Meditation. 1854 C. Kingsley Lett. (1878) I. 415 That man is to be pitied who can shut his eyes to facts. 1907 J. H. Patterson Man-eaters of Tsavo x. 115 He levelled his revolver at the dead leopard, and shutting his eyes tightly, fired four shots in rapid succession. b. (a) to shut (one's) mouth: chiefly in pregnant sense, to cease from speaking, to hold one's tongue. So in modern slang, to shut (one's) head, face ( see face n. Phrases 1k(a) for examples of the latter). (b) to shut (another's) mouth: to render unable to speak, reply, find fault, disclose secrets, etc.; occasionally to prevent (an animal) from devouring. (c) shut it (in imperative): close one's mouth, hold one's tongue. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > refrain from uttering [verb (transitive)] > silence or prevent from speaking to stop a person's mouthc1175 stilla1225 to keep ina1420 stifle1496 to knit up1530 to muzzle (up) the mouth1531 choke1533 muzzle?1542 to tie a person's tongue1544 tongue-tiea1555 silence1592 untongue1598 to reduce (a person or thing) to silence1605 to bite in1608 gaga1616 to swear downa1616 to laugh down1616 stifle1621 to cry down1623 unworda1627 clamour1646 splint1648 to take down1656 snap1677 stick1708 shut1809 to shut up1814 to cough down1823 to scrape down1855 to howl down1872 extinguish1878 hold1901 shout1924 to pipe down1926 the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > be silent/refrain from speaking [verb (intransitive)] > stop speaking to make up one's mouthc1175 to shut (also close) one's mouthc1175 blina1300 dumba1300 leavea1375 to put a sock in ita1529 hush1548 silence1551 stay1551 stow1567 stop1579 to save one's breath (also wind)1605 tace1697 stubble it!1699 shut your trap!1796 to keep a calm (or quiet) sough1808 stubble your whids!1830 to shut up1840 to dry up1853 pawl1867 subside1872 to pipe down1876 to shut (one's) head, face1876 shurrup1893 to shut off1896 clam1916 dry1934 shtum1958 to oyster up1973 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > loss or lack of voice > lose the voice [verb (intransitive)] > not utter to shut (also close) one's mouthc1175 to hold (also have, keep) one's peacea1275 peacec1395 muffa1500 to put a sock in ita1529 whista1547 to say not muff1652 to hold one's whisht1786 to shut (one's) pan1799 to shut up1840 to hold one's whistc1874 to shut (one's) head, face1876 to wrap up1943 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 179 Þe dyeuel þet him zet beuore þe ssame him uor to ssette þane mouþ. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. lii. C & y^e kinges shal shut their mouthes before him. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Dan. vi. D My God hath sent his angel, which hath shut the lyons mouthes. 1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas IV. x. xi. 183 If on his return, his father ventured to remonstrate..Gaspard shut his mouth at once, with..an impertinent answer. 1876 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Tom Sawyer xviii. 151 Shut your heads and let Tom go on! 1894 Sporting Times 6 Oct. 1/4 Oh, shut it! Close your mouth until I tell you when.1908 G. Sanger 70 Years a Showman x. 33 ‘Shut it!’ said one of the showmen roughly; ‘save your breath for the next scene.’1945 G. Millar Maquis viii. 163 ‘Enough,’ cried Boulaya. ‘Shut it, Frisé... You know nothing.’ 5. a. To close by folding up or bringing together of parts (e.g. a book, †a letter, a clasp-knife, one's hand); to bring (†one's arms) together. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > by folding together to fold upc888 shut?a1366 to do to1562 to make up1629 to shut up1833 the world > space > relative position > posture > position of specific body parts > position specific body part [verb (transitive)] > arms or hands > specific arms foldc1374 shut1614 wreathea1616 crucify1633 hyperabduct1945 ?a1366 Romaunt Rose 1082 Aboute hir nekke of gentil entaile Was shet the riche chevesaile. c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde ii. 1226 She shette it [viz. a letter]. 1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy iii. 58 A paunce of plate, whiche of þe silf behinde Was schet and clos. 1423 Kingis Quair viii My buke I schet. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xiv. 335 Whan Rypus sawe that Rychard was confessed, he..made hym mounte vpon the ladder, & dyd shit the cheyn wherat he shold hang. 1576 G. Gascoigne Steele Glas Epil. I shut my glasse, before you gasde your fill. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. vii. 37 b A yeallow Cypresse wrought vpon goldfolie, which they shut and knit fast behind their coyfe. 1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia ii. 44 And then her armes she spreads and shuts. 1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering III. x. 199 The disappointed Dominie shut his ponderous tome. 1863 G. MacDonald David Elginbrod ii. iii She..shut the piano. 1886 Ld. Walsingham & R. Payne-Gallwey Shooting (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) I. 175 Loaders..should be made to learn..in shutting the gun always to raise the stock to the barrels. 1894 S. Baring-Gould Kitty Alone II. 162 He shut his knife. 1905 E. Glyn Vicissitudes Evangeline 233 I can't shut the clasp of my journal. figurative.1722 London Jrnl. 23 June 3/2 On Friday last were shut the Transfer Books of the South-Sea Company.a1754 J. Strange Rep. Cases (1782) I. 615 The day of the shutting of the books. b. intransitive for reflexive. Also with sense †to become optically continuous, to leave no visible gap. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > become closed or shut [verb (intransitive)] > close by folding together shut1582 to shut up1829 the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > be visible [verb (intransitive)] > appear or become visible > become optically continuous shut1694 the world > space > distance > nearness > be near [verb (intransitive)] > be in contact > meet together with no space between > appear to shut1694 1582 T. Watson Ἑκατομπαθία: Passionate Cent. Loue ix. sig. B So shuts or sprouts my ioy, as doth this flow're. 1671 J. Dryden Evening's Love iv. 56 (stage direct.) The Scene Shuts. 1694 Narbrough's Acct. Several Late Voy. 75 At Cape Quad the Lands shut one with the other, as if there were no farther passage. 1694 Narbrough's Acct. Several Late Voy. 72 The South-Land..shuts against the North-Land to a Man's sight. 1723 P. Blair Pharmaco-botanologia i. 45 It's Flower opens in the Forenoon, from eight till towards Noon, and then it shuts. 1878 J. Miller Songs Italy 126 Earth and the sky and the sky and the sea, Seem shutting together as a book that is read. †c. figurative (transitive) To close (one's life). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > [verb (intransitive)] forsweltc888 sweltc888 adeadeOE deadc950 wendeOE i-wite971 starveOE witea1000 forfereOE forthfareOE forworthc1000 to go (also depart , pass, i-wite, chare) out of this worldOE queleOE fallOE to take (also nim, underfo) (the) deathOE to shed (one's own) blood?a1100 diec1135 endc1175 farec1175 to give up the ghostc1175 letc1200 aswelta1250 leavea1250 to-sweltc1275 to-worthc1275 to yield (up) the ghost (soul, breath, life, spirit)c1290 finea1300 spilla1300 part?1316 to leese one's life-daysa1325 to nim the way of deathc1325 to tine, leave, lose the sweatc1330 flit1340 trance1340 determinec1374 disperisha1382 to go the way of all the eartha1382 to be gathered to one's fathers1382 miscarryc1387 shut1390 goa1393 to die upa1400 expirea1400 fleea1400 to pass awaya1400 to seek out of lifea1400–50 to sye hethena1400 tinea1400 trespass14.. espirec1430 to end one's days?a1439 decease1439 to go away?a1450 ungoc1450 unlivec1450 to change one's lifea1470 vade1495 depart1501 to pay one's debt to (also the debt of) naturea1513 to decease this world1515 to go over?1520 jet1530 vade1530 to go westa1532 to pick over the perch1532 galpa1535 to die the death1535 to depart to God1548 to go home1561 mort1568 inlaikc1575 shuffle1576 finish1578 to hop (also tip, pitch over, drop off, etc.) the perch1587 relent1587 unbreathe1589 transpass1592 to lose one's breath1596 to make a die (of it)1611 to go offa1616 fail1623 to go out1635 to peak over the percha1641 exita1652 drop1654 to knock offa1657 to kick upa1658 to pay nature her due1657 ghost1666 to march off1693 to die off1697 pike1697 to drop off1699 tip (over) the perch1699 to pass (also go, be called, etc.) to one's reward1703 sink1718 vent1718 to launch into eternity1719 to join the majority1721 demise1727 to pack off1735 to slip one's cable1751 turf1763 to move off1764 to pop off the hooks1764 to hop off1797 to pass on1805 to go to glory1814 sough1816 to hand in one's accounts1817 to slip one's breatha1819 croak1819 to slip one's wind1819 stiffen1820 weed1824 buy1825 to drop short1826 to fall (a) prey (also victim, sacrifice) to1839 to get one's (also the) call1839 to drop (etc.) off the hooks1840 to unreeve one's lifeline1840 to step out1844 to cash, pass or send in one's checks1845 to hand in one's checks1845 to go off the handle1848 to go under1848 succumb1849 to turn one's toes up1851 to peg out1852 walk1858 snuff1864 to go or be up the flume1865 to pass outc1867 to cash in one's chips1870 to go (also pass over) to the majority1883 to cash in1884 to cop it1884 snuff1885 to belly up1886 perch1886 to kick the bucket1889 off1890 to knock over1892 to pass over1897 to stop one1901 to pass in1904 to hand in one's marble1911 the silver cord is loosed1911 pip1913 to cross over1915 conk1917 to check out1921 to kick off1921 to pack up1925 to step off1926 to take the ferry1928 peg1931 to meet one's Maker1933 to kiss off1935 to crease it1959 zonk1968 cark1977 to cark it1979 to take a dirt nap1981 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 253 The vicair general..His laste day..Hath schet as to the worldes ye. d. passive and intransitive. Of the day: To close in. Of winter: To set in, become settled. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cold weather > [verb (intransitive)] > set in shut1815 the world > time > period > year > season > [verb (intransitive)] > grow wintry wintera1425 hiemate1623 shut1854 1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles iii. xx. 107 The shades come down—the day is shut. 1854 J. R. Lowell Indian-Summer Rev. xxii Ere Winter wholly shuts. 6. transitive. To weld. (Cf. shoot v. 38, shut n.¹ 4a.) ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > weld well1424 shut1490 shoot1499 to run together1631 weld1678 smithy1866 1490 [implied in: 1490 in Archaeologia Cantiana (1886) 16 298 For schettyng of the..bell claper viij d. (at shutting n. 1b)]. 1495 [implied in: 1495 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 150 Shutyng & Amendyng of v boltes. (at shutting n. 1b)]. 1555 in T. Wright Churchwardens' Accts. Ludlow (1869) 62 For shutynge on of the old hynges..ij d. 1604 Churchwardens' Accts. St. Michael's, Oxford (MS) For shuttinge the Irons of the pumpe. 1844 Mechanics' Mag. 40 176 The best method of shutting cast-steel. 1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. Tyres of wheels when loose are always said ‘to be cut and shut’. That is a piece of the iron cut out, and the ring re-welded. 1949 K. S. Woods Rural Crafts Eng. ii. ii. 33 The tyres have to be tightened by cutting out a piece and rejoining or shutting them with a smaller circumference to grip the wheel. 1964 H. Hodges Artifacts v. 86 For nearly all purposes the most effective way of joining iron was by welding or shutting. 7. To close (an aperture) by placing something upon it or by drawing something across it; to stop up (a road) with obstacles or barriers. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close an aperture or orifice ditc1000 shut1362 steekc1380 stopc1400 quirt1532 to close up1542 to fill up1598 unspar1611 caulk1616 cork1650 busha1659 instop1667 close1697 the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close by obstruction or block up > block the way or a passage forsetc900 withseta1300 stop13.. speara1325 withsperre1330 to stop one's way1338 shut1362 forbara1375 beseta1400 stopc1400 precludea1513 interclude1526 to shut up1526 forestall1528 fence1535 hedge1535 quar1542 foreclose1548 forestop1566 to flounder up1576 obstruct1578 bar1590 retrench1590 to shut the door in (also upon) (a person's) face1596 barricade1606 barricado1611 thwartc1630 blocka1644 overthwart1654 rebarricado1655 to choke up1673 blockade1696 embarrass1735 snow1816 roadblock1950 1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. vi. 92 To wynne vp þe wiket-ȝat þat þe wey schutte. c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Add. MS.) xciii. 423 The way to helle is shitte to hire. c1450 Cov. Myst. (1841) 228 With this ston this grave we shytte. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iv. xv. 130 Strong men..kept the postes and passages so shutte, that they kept away the corne and victuals from all Italie. 1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iv. viii. 229 They then invented the Soccabous.., the which they shut with doores. 1735 S. Johnson tr. J. Lobo Voy. Abyssinia 143 They would..for ever shut the Passage into Abyssinia. 1852 W. J. Conybeare & J. S. Howson Life & Epist. St. Paul II. xxiv. 383 After that time..the sea was shut; and the winter had been a stormy one. 1869 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) IV. xvii. 31 Not a road was shut against him. 1911 Daily Graphic 2 Dec. 4/3 Every exit was barred, every passage shut with a human barricade. 8. a. To prevent access to or egress from (a place, building, etc.) by closing the doors or apertures. Now rare (superseded by to shut up 5 at Phrasal verbs) except in to shut a shop. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > shut up (a place) steeka1250 shut1340 to shut in1390 spear1445 seclude1451 to shut up1530 mure1550 block1630 lock1773 to lock up1824 seal1931 to sew up1962 to lock down1980 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 154 Þanne is þe castel ziker and ysset. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds v. 23 We founden the prisoun schit with al diligence. ?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) II. lf. 286^v The Troians shytted her Cyte. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke iv. f. lxxix^v In the dayes off Helyas, when hevyn was shet thre yeres and syxe monethes. 1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet v. i. 56 Being Holiday the Beggers shop is shut . View more context for this quotation 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. v. viii. 336 This latter [sc. the Feuillant Club],..she,..has the satisfaction to see shut. 1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xxiii. 241 Rob the Grinder made his own bed, preparatory to shutting the shop. 1886 C. E. Pascoe London of To-day (ed. 3) xxxviii. 324 Bank-Holiday with the shops of London shut. b. intransitive for reflexive. ΚΠ 1801 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 5 160 The Post-office is just going to shut. †c. fig. (transitive) to shut (a person's) heart: to render him incapable of showing feeling. Also intransitive for reflexive of the heart. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > lack emotion [verb] > show no emotion > be or make incapable of to shut (a person's) heartc1374 c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 1086 Ther-with þe sorwe so his herte shette That from his eighen fil þere not a tere. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 328 Sche mihte noght o word on hih Speke oute, for hire herte schette. d. to shut one's purse, etc. †from, against: to refuse help to. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] > refuse to help or cooperate with to shut one's purse, etc. from, againstc1380 c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 272 Ȝit ony man see his broþer haue nede & schitte his purs & mercy fro hym. 1576 G. Gascoigne Droomme of Doomes Day in Wks. (1910) II. 380 Whose table is not shut from any poore or needy. 1780 Mirror No. 102 Men whose purses are shut against their friends. 9. a. To enclose, secure, or confine (a person or thing) in or within a place, building, or receptacle; to put in a place and shut the door. Also reflexive. Also occasionally const. with other prepositions, under, between, etc.; rarely without const. (Cf. to shut in at Phrasal verbs.) ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclosing or confining > enclose or confine [verb (transitive)] > specific immaterial things shut13.. the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclosing or confining > enclose or confine [verb (transitive)] > in a place or receptacle shut13.. sealc1420 lockc1460 to lock up1568 enlock1596 to lock away1755 13.. Guy Warw. (1891) 418 Gij in to his chaumber gan to gon, & schett him þer in anon. c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 726 Whan Dane here seluen shette Vnder þe bark. a1400 Seuyn Sages (W.) 2455 Th'emperour him ladde..Into his chaumbre..And whanne thai were therinne i-schet. c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 452 Al schet in a schaȝe. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Luke iii. 20 Eroude tetrark..schitte Joon in prisoun. c1450 Knt. de la Tour xxiv. 34 Thei..shette hym in a chambre. ?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) II. lf. 246^v She had shytte hit in one of her coffres. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 1050 Hir fader took her by the heer and drewe hir doun fro the montayn and shytte her faste in pryson. 1556 tr. J. de Flores Histoire de Aurelio & Isabelle sig. A8 There then being the lady by the ordinaunce of her father shutte. 1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer iv. sig. Pp.iii He slept shutt into a chest. 1575 G. Gascoigne Fruites of Warre cl, in Posies sig. Ki^v Herewith we had..Nor meale, nor malt, nor meane..To get such geare if once we should be shut. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 129 The rest, in Cells apart, the liquid Nectar shut . View more context for this quotation 1729 G. Adams in tr. Sophocles Trag. II. 52 (note) He was shut into a den, and so starved to Death. 1865 J. Ruskin Sesame & Lilies ii. 186 You shut yourselves within your park walls and garden gates. 1894 R. Bridges Shorter Poems v. xi. 19 We laughed and sang at nightfall, shut By the fireside glow. 1898 ‘H. S. Merriman’ Roden's Corner viii. 87 It was Von Holzen's habit to shut himself within his cottage for days together. b. transferred and figurative. Of immaterial things. ΚΠ c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (1868) v. pr. v. 170 It is raþer þe simplicite of þe souereyn science þat nis nat enclosed nor yshet wiþinne no boundes. c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame 524 O thought that wrote al that I mette And in the tresorye hyt shette Of my brayn! a1542 T. Wyatt Coll. Poems (1969) clxxii. 39 The dedly grefe, the paynes so strong, Wych in my hart be fyrmly shytt. †10. a. To bar or exclude (a person) from some possession or enjoyment; to restrain from doing something. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > prohibition > prohibit [verb (transitive)] > debar (a person) forbarc1330 shutc1400 debarc1430 repel1480 abara1504 abridge1523 seclude?1531 bar1551 fence1589 bebar1650 limit1722 to shut out1819 stop-list1949 c1400 Pilgr. Sowle (1859) i. xxxi. 35 To exclude hym and schytte hym fro this deute. c1412 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 2567 Leste our Lord God hym from his grace schitte. 1579 S. Gosson Schoole of Abuse f. 12^v If men for good exerercise [sic], and women for their credite, be shut from Theaters, whom shall wee suffer to goe thither? 1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius Gothick Warre i. 25 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian The Romans made use of those mills, but for want of water were shut from their Baths. 1719 E. Young Busiris iv. 44 We can no more than shut him from Escape Till further Force arrive. b. To separate (one thing) from another; to cut off from view. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > invisibility > make invisible [verb (transitive)] > block view bury1601 screen1611 obstruct1667 shut1697 to shut out1856 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] > separate from to-partc1325 dividec1380 separate1526 decide1570 discoast1583 shut1697 mark1706 to shut off1833 to mark off1848 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals vi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 28 The tender Soil then stiffning by degrees, Shut from the bounded Earth, the bounding Seas. 1807 J. Barlow Columbiad i. 22 Whose hovering sheets, along the welkin driven,..shut the eye from heaven. 1831 Society 1 14 A turn in the road shut them from his sight. 11. a. †To set (a person) free from, relieve of (something troublesome). Obsolete except in passive (dialect and colloquial) to be, get shut of, (dialect) shut on, to shut one's hands of: to be rid of, free from; also elliptical. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > get or be rid of refusea1387 to be rid of (also on)c1450 beskyfte1470 to be, get shut of, (dialect) shut on?a1500 to claw off1514 get1558 to put away1577 to get rid of1591 quit1606 to get off with1719 ding1753 shoot1805 to stay shet of1837 shuck1848 shunt1858 shake1872 to dust off1938 the world > action or operation > safety > rescue or deliverance > rescue or deliver (from) [verb (transitive)] > deliver or free from aleseOE redd1488 shut?a1500 sever?1507 rid?1526 enda1592 ?a1500 Chester Pl. (1847) II. 31 Though he have healed thee, Shute from us shall he not be. ?a1500 Chester Pl. (1847) II. 33 To shutte hym of his dangere. 1575–6 in J. Raine Depositions Courts Durham (1845) 312 This examinate promised..that he wold marye the said Grace..so that he might be shutt of the promises he hadd maid to one Marian Raic. 1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden To Rdr. sig. D3 Doo what I can I shall not be shut of him. 1621 A. Cade Serm. Nature of Conscience 45 He cannot be quiet till hee bee shut of it [his divell]. 1692 Scarronides ii. Pref. 2 After his Taylor and Valet have shut their hands of him. 1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Antiq. Jews xiv. i, in tr. Josephus Genuine Wks. 430 His own life would be in danger, unless he..got shut of Aristobulus. 1827 J. F. Cooper Prairie xii Happy will it prove for the boy if he is well shut of them. 1848 E. C. Gaskell Mary Barton I. v. 68 As for a bad man, one's glad enough to get shut on him. 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 223 Types which all cattleholders agree in desiring to ‘get shut of’. 1892 R. L. Stevenson & L. Osbourne Wrecker xxii. 356 Your family pays money to be shut of you. 1914 D. H. Lawrence Widowing of Mrs. Holroyd iii. 84 Who dost think wor goin' ter stop when we knowed 'e on'y kep on so's to get shut on us. 1976 S. Barstow Right True End i. iv. 65 ‘I haven't got her.’ ‘You're well shut, from all I hear.’ b. dialect. To get rid of, make away with (money). ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > spend [verb (transitive)] aspendc885 doOE spendc1175 spenec1175 dispendc1330 bewarec1374 bestow1377 suckc1380 unpursea1393 warea1417 stowc1440 to lay outc1449 spone1456 expend1477 expend1484 impendc1486 ware?a1513 deburse?1529 disburse1530 defray1543 unburse1570 outlay1573 to lay forth1584 sweat1592 vent1612 dispursea1616 exhaust1616 to set forth1622 waste1639 depursea1648 fence1699 douse1759 shut1797 shift1923 1797 T. Wright Autobiogr. (1864) 254 For fear I should shut it [the money]. 1824 W. Carr Horæ Momenta Cravenæ Shut, to spend. ‘It'll shut a seet o' brass.’ 1872 Hartley's Yorkshire Ditties 2nd Ser. 11 An' aw shan't ha' to come home and tell My old lass, ha' aw've shut all mi brass. Phrasal verbs Combined with adverbs. to shut about † transitive. To close on all sides. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclose [verb (transitive)] beloukOE pind?c1225 closec1275 beshuta1300 to shut about13.. umbclosec1330 to close about1340 aclosec1350 in close1393 enclose?a1400 tinec1400 concludea1425 includec1425 wallc1430 underclosec1440 inclusea1450 hedgec1500 lista1513 inrail1523 interclude1524 fence1535 parclose1535 riba1547 pale1570 impale1579 embay1582 immure1583 upclosec1590 enchase1591 interclose1592 recinct1598 underfong1599 intermure1606 bound1609 engirt1627 bosom1637 infence1652 cancellate1664 circumclude1677 embosomc1750 comprehend1807 13.. Bonaventura's Medit. 989 Þey shette hyt [the sepulchre] a boute with a grete stone. to shut down 1. intransitive. To be closed with a lid; to come close down like a lid. Of fog, night: To come down and blot out the view. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > become closed or shut [verb (intransitive)] > be closed with a lid or like a lid to shut down1807 the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > evening > become evening [verb (intransitive)] > fall (of night) or grow dark fallOE nightc1440 to fall ona1450 nighten1561 gloom1595 gloam1819 dusken1870 dusk1876 to shut down1880 the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > invisibility > be or become invisible [verb (intransitive)] > block out view to shut down1891 the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > mist > [verb (intransitive)] > come down (of mist or fog) to come down1891 to shut down1891 1807 R. Southey Lett. from Eng. I. 161 The whole shuts down a-top, and closes in front, like a cabinet. 1880 ‘M. Twain’ Tramp Abroad xix. 182 We got to..Heidelberg before the night shut down. 1891 E. Roper By Track & Trail i. 12 The fog shut down on us once more. 1897 ‘O. Rhoscomyl’ For White Rose Arno (U.K. ed.) 140 The night shut down. 1900 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Mar. 385/2 The forest shuts down upon the edge of the running water. 2. transitive. To close by lowering, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > by lowering to shut down1794 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > lower or let down > lower in order to close to shut down1794 1794 J. MacPhail Treat. Culture Cucumber 91 The lights of the cucumber bed were kept close shut down day and night. 1836 O. W. Holmes Music-grinders 72 Then..shut the window down. 1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 499 The lights may be shut down. 3. To close (a manufactory). absol. To stop working. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > work > times or periods of work > work at specific times or periods [verb (intransitive)] > stop work to shut (one's) shop-windowc1478 to shut up one's shop1560 unyoke1594 to put up the shutters1877 to shut down1877 strike1890 stand1892 to knock off1916 society > occupation and work > business affairs > a business or company > run a business [verb (transitive)] > close business to close out1852 to shut down1877 1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 226 The hands..forced the superintendent to shut down. 1880 Paper & Printing Trades Jrnl. xxx. 6 Most of the paper~mills that were shut-down..are being started anew. 1912 A. Keith Human Body xv. 241 When men and women lead sedentary and quiet lives their lungs are partly shut down. 4. Mechanics. To stop or switch off (a device or machine, esp. an engine); to cause to stop working or running. Also absol. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > render mechanical [verb (transitive)] > operate machine > switch off or close down to shut down1895 decommission1980 1895 G. W. Lummis-Paterson Management of Dynamos x. 148 When shutting down a machine, the load should first be gradually reduced..by easing down the engine. 1911 Marshall & Sankey Gas Engines vi. 175 [Filling the reservoir] is done when shutting down the engine so soon as the gas is turned off. 1948 H. Constant Gas Turbines xi. 137 The best that can be done is to shut down as many engines as possible and operate the remainder at a power output giving reasonable efficiency. 1969 I. Kemp Brit. G.I. in Vietnam viii. 163 We all ‘shut down’—switched off our engines and made fast the rotor blades to the tails of the helicopters. 1976 Physics Bull. Aug. 339/2 Two samples were taken from the low-sulphur plant: one at ambient temperatures 30 days after the boiler had been shut down. 1980 Daily Tel. 10 Mar. 3/2 A nagging ‘oil migration’ problem..could eventually have forced a pilot to shut down the engine. 5. Physics. To stop (the chain reaction) in a nuclear reactor; to stop (a nuclear reactor) from producing useful power by making the fuel assembly subcritical. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > nuclear fission > nuclear reactor > close down [verb (transitive)] > for safety reasons to shut down1945 scram1950 1945 Hawley & Leifson Atomic Energy 157 Knowing just when to shut down the chain-reaction..would be quite a problem. 1951 Nucleonics Jan. 5/2 If the temperature of the uranium exceeds 60°C, the pile is automatically shut down. 1963 B. Fozard Instrumentation Nucl. Reactors xiii. 164 Unless a heavy-water reactor is shut down for such a long period that there is a significant fall in the activity of the high-energy gamma emitters, it has a built-in neutron source. 1976 Sci. Amer. Jan. 27/2 The level of radioactivity in a standard 1,000-megawatt reactor is very high: about 10 billion curies half an hour after the reactor is shut down. 6. intransitive. Of a device, machine, or installation, esp. a nuclear reactor: to cease to operate. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ceasing > cease activity [verb (intransitive)] > specifically of things, actions, or processes > cease to be active (of things) cease1382 to shut down1945 society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > render mechanical [verb (intransitive)] > of machine: operate > cease to operate jam1885 to have had it1942 to shut down1945 the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > nuclear fission > nuclear reactor > of reactor: become self-sustaining [verb (intransitive)] > close down to shut down1945 scram1957 1945 H. D. Smyth Gen. Acct. Devel. Atomic Energy Mil. Purposes viii. 81 The half-life of the U-239 is so short that its concentration becomes negligible soon after the pile shuts down. 1960 Engineering Index 1959 246/2 During power failures of up to 1·5 sec duration..synchronous motors usually shut down. 1976 Sci. Amer. July 36/1 After the reactor had shut down, the evidence of its activity was preserved virtually undisturbed through the succeeding ages of geological activity. 1978 Nature 19 Oct. 576/2 As the voltage dropped rapidly various sensors began to shut down, and within a few minutes the satellite ceased to respond to commands sent up from ground control stations. 1979 Daily Tel. 15 Aug. 32/3 The Sea Kings will operate throughout the night but the others do not have night capability and will have to shut down for the night. to shut forth † transitive. To push (a person) out, to extrude, expel. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > expel > specific people from a place, position, or possession outshoveOE to do out of ——OE shovec1200 to put out of ——c1225 to cast out1297 void13.. usurpa1325 to put outa1350 outputa1382 outrayc1390 excludea1400 expulse?a1475 expel1490 to shut forth1513 to put forth1526 to turn out1546 depel?1548 disseisin1548 evict1548 exturb1603 debout1619 wincha1626 disseise1627 out-pusha1631 howster1642 oust1656 out1823 purge1825 the bum's rush1910 outplace1928 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xi. xvii. 43 The sonnys furthschet [L. exclusi], that pety was to seyn, Befor thair wepand wofull faderis eyn. 1564 A. Bacon tr. J. Jewel Apol. Churche Eng. (1859) ii. ii. 21 There is now no nation which may truly complain that they be shut forth [L. se exclusam esse]. to shut in 1. transitive. To prevent access to or confine (a person or thing) by shutting a door, etc. or closing a receptacle. Also reflexive. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > shut or lock (a person or thing) in or out inseil?a1000 bespara1100 loukc1275 sparc1430 spare?c1450 to shut inc1460 to lock out1599 occlude1623 inbolt1632 to bolt out, in, upa1653 sneck1816 sport1825 society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > confinement > confine [verb (transitive)] beloukOE loukOE sparc1175 pena1200 bepen?c1225 pind?c1225 prison?c1225 spearc1300 stopc1315 restraina1325 aclosec1350 forbara1375 reclosea1382 ward1390 enclose1393 locka1400 reclusea1400 pinc1400 sparc1430 hamperc1440 umbecastc1440 murea1450 penda1450 mew?c1450 to shut inc1460 encharter1484 to shut up1490 bara1500 hedge1549 hema1552 impound1562 strain1566 chamber1568 to lock up1568 coop1570 incarcerate1575 cage1577 mew1581 kennel1582 coop1583 encagea1586 pound1589 imprisonc1595 encloister1596 button1598 immure1598 seclude1598 uplock1600 stow1602 confine1603 jail1604 hearse1608 bail1609 hasp1620 cub1621 secure1621 incarcera1653 fasten1658 to keep up1673 nun1753 mope1765 quarantine1804 peg1824 penfold1851 encoop1867 oubliette1884 jigger1887 corral1890 maroon1904 to bang up1950 to lock down1971 society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > seclude [verb (reflexive)] > confine spara1240 mew1581 immure1586 mure1608 to shut ina1684 c1460 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Laud) l. 17670 Ye shytte me in oon a friday At Euyn-tide in-to þat stede. ?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 81 The fayr danes, whom the kynge acrysius holdeth fast shytte in wyth oute any rayson. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 704/1 You have shytte in the dogge. 1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia iii. 100 I needs must scorne this double flout, To shut me in, or shut me out. a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1654 (1955) III. 132 They went in with axes & hammers, & shut themselves in. a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1671 (1955) III. 567 I found him shut in. 1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands III. 170 The present walls, with their eleven gates, shutting in the whole population, were built about 1557. 1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 518 A row of trusses of straw is laid side by side over the whole, to shut in the steam. 1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre II. xi. 300 I shut myself in. 2. To enclose with a barrier, hem in. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclosing or confining > enclose or confine [verb (transitive)] pena1200 bebar?c1225 loukc1275 beshuta1300 parc1300 to shut in1398 to close inc1400 parrockc1400 pinc1400 steekc1400 lock?a1425 includec1425 key?a1439 spare?c1450 enferme1481 terminea1500 bebay1511 imprisona1533 besetc1534 hema1552 ram1567 warda1586 closet1589 pound1589 seclude1598 confine1600 i-pend1600 uptie1600 pinfold1605 boundify1606 incoop1608 to round in1609 ring1613 to buckle ina1616 embounda1616 swathe1624 hain1636 coopa1660 to sheathe up1661 stivea1722 cloister1723 span1844 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. xiv. 120 Mala (in Grewe) is the lewre and in the face lewres shyttyth in eyther side of the nose. 1816 J. K. Tuckey Narr. Exped. River Zaire (1818) vi. 212 Both ends of the reach being shut in by land. 1830 F. Marryat King's Own II. vi. 95 We had shut in the battery [i.e. taken up a position from which it was shut in by a promontory]. 1863 ‘C. Bede’ Tour in Tartan-land 152 The Loch is shut in by a long-withdrawing range of mountains. 1869 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) III. xiii. 292 Wooded hills..shut in the view on every side. †3. To close (a shop, building, gate, etc.). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > shut up (a place) steeka1250 shut1340 to shut in1390 spear1445 seclude1451 to shut up1530 mure1550 block1630 lock1773 to lock up1824 seal1931 to sew up1962 to lock down1980 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 291 The bathes and the Stwes bothe Thei schetten in be every weie. 1556 in J. G. Nichols Chron. Grey Friars (1852) 34 The churche was shott in from monday unto thursday. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 143 The people shut in their shops, and came out in harnesse in great multitudes. 1611 T. Middleton & T. Dekker Roaring Girle sig. D^v The shop will be shut in presently. 1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. 71 The gates were shut in. 4. Oil Industry. To cease drawing oil or gas from (a well). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > drilling for oil or gas > drill for oil or gas [verb (transitive)] > shut or cease drawing from well to shut in1931 1931 W. H. Emmons Geol. Petroleum (ed. 2) xvi. 527 In 1923, during a period of overproduction, certain groups of wells were shut in while others near by were pumped. 1962 T. C. Frick Petroleum Production Handbk. II. xxx. 8 Pressure readings obtained while the well is being cleaned before the well is shut in. 1971 West Indian World 5 Nov. 16/2 All 17 wells had encountered satisfactory oil sand sections and were at present ‘shut in’ and awaiting the installation of an eight-inch pipeline. 5. intransitive. Of the day, evening, etc.: To close in, grow dusk. Also of the days: To shorten. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > [verb (intransitive)] > come to an end set1604 to shut in1623 pink1879 the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > [verb (intransitive)] > become gradually shorter to shut in1766 to draw in1830 1623 R. Jobson Golden Trade 15 From 3. vntil the euening shut in. 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 399 The Ambassadors..got to the City ere day-light was shut in. 1680 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester (ed. 2) 4 The day being shut in. 1748 S. Richardson Clarissa IV. xxi. 100 Observing the sun-shine begin to shut in, I yielded. 1766 H. Brooke Fool of Quality II. x. 147 As day after day began gradually to shut in. 1924 [implied in: C. Mackenzie Heavenly Ladder xix. 247 They finished decorating the church just before the shutting in of a still and humid dusk. (at shutting n. 3)]. †6. To meet together with no space between. ΘΚΠ the world > space > distance > nearness > be near [verb (intransitive)] > be in contact > meet together with no space between to shut inc1710 c1710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 122 Flints..cut so exactly square and even to shutt in one to another that ye whole wall is made without cement. 7. To be closed in (to the view). ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > invisibility > be or become invisible [verb (intransitive)] > be closed in to the view to shut in1816 1816 J. K. Tuckey Narr. Exped. River Zaire (1818) iv. 152 Just where the river shuts in. 1849 G. Cupples Green Hand (1856) xiii. 124 The opposite shore..shut in so far upon the other,..that, steering from the south'ard, one would never know there was a river there at all. to shut off 1. transitive. To prevent the passage of; to cut off (steam, etc.) by the closing of a valve or tap. Also, to close (a dark lantern). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > control(s) > control by another device [verb (transitive)] > furnish with valve(s) > cut off by closing valve to turn off1822 to shut off1824 the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > [verb (transitive)] > turn down, close, or switch off to turn down1855 to shut off1904 1824 ‘R. Stuart’ Descr. Hist. Steam Engine 132 The motion of the piston was equalized by shutting off the steam sooner or later from the cylinder. 1904 H. B. M. Watson Hurricane Island xx. 285 I shut off the lantern. figurative.1844 W. Barnes Poems Rural Life in Dorset Dial. Gloss. ‘To shut off work’, to leave off work.1903 F. W. H. Myers Human Personality 180 To shut off pain when we know it will be useless. 2. To cut off, separate from. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] > separate from to-partc1325 dividec1380 separate1526 decide1570 discoast1583 shut1697 mark1706 to shut off1833 to mark off1848 1833 N. Arnott Elements Physics (ed. 5) II. 102 There are inlets of the sea, occasionally shut off from the parent ocean. 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 154 Great crags.., shutting off this bay from the other portions of the coast. 1893 J. T. Bent in Geogr. Jrnl. 2 142 A large lake..which was shut off along one side by a very fine dyke or wall. 3. intransitive. To come to a halt; to cease talking or writing. U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ceasing > cease activity [verb (intransitive)] i-swikec893 swikec897 atwindc1000 linOE studegieOE stintc1175 letc1200 stuttea1225 leavec1225 astint1250 doc1300 finec1300 blina1325 cease1330 stable1377 resta1382 ho1390 to say or cry ho1390 resta1398 astartc1400 discontinuec1425 surcease1428 to let offc1450 resista1475 finish1490 to lay a straw?a1505 to give over1526 succease1551 to put (also pack) up one's pipes1556 end1557 to stay (one's own or another's) hand1560 stick1574 stay1576 to draw bridle1577 to draw rein1577 to set down one's rest1589 overgive1592 absist1614 subsista1639 beholdc1650 unbridle1653 to knock offa1657 acquiesce1659 to set (up) one's rest1663 sista1676 stop1689 to draw rein1725 subside1734 remit1765 to let up1787 to wind (up) one's pirna1835 to cry crack1888 to shut off1896 to pack in1906 to close down1921 to pack up1925 to sign off1929 the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > be silent/refrain from speaking [verb (intransitive)] > stop speaking to make up one's mouthc1175 to shut (also close) one's mouthc1175 blina1300 dumba1300 leavea1375 to put a sock in ita1529 hush1548 silence1551 stay1551 stow1567 stop1579 to save one's breath (also wind)1605 tace1697 stubble it!1699 shut your trap!1796 to keep a calm (or quiet) sough1808 stubble your whids!1830 to shut up1840 to dry up1853 pawl1867 subside1872 to pipe down1876 to shut (one's) head, face1876 shurrup1893 to shut off1896 clam1916 dry1934 shtum1958 to oyster up1973 1896 ‘M. Twain’ in Harper's Mag. Sept. 526/1 ‘Now who—’ He shut off sudden. 1902 J. London Let. 12 July (1966) 136 Someone is going down town, so I'll shut off and give them a chance to mail this. 1938 V. Woolf Let. 18 June (1980) VI. 241 He rang me up late on Wednesday... He said he had travelled post haste from Prague to see Leonard. I said, A misunderstanding. Then we shut off. to shut out 1. transitive. To exclude (persons, also commodities, light, air, etc.) from a place, situation, circumstances, etc.; to deny (a person) right of entry to a place, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > be on the outside of [verb (transitive)] > keep or shut out loukc1275 speara1300 beshutc1330 forbarc1330 warn?a1366 to close outa1382 to shut outc1384 steeka1393 again-louka1400 to keep outc1425 outshutc1450 seclude1498 to stop outc1530 to hedge out1549 confine1577 to hold out1583 out-bar1590 debar1593 excommunicate1602 expel1604 immurec1616 society > authority > subjection > prohibition > prohibit [verb (transitive)] > debar (a person) > from a place to shut outc1384 to shut (some one) out of doors, out of the gates1508 eighty-six1959 society > authority > subjection > prohibition > prohibit [verb (transitive)] > debar (a person) forbarc1330 shutc1400 debarc1430 repel1480 abara1504 abridge1523 seclude?1531 bar1551 fence1589 bebar1650 limit1722 to shut out1819 stop-list1949 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Macc. x. 75 He shitte [a1425 L.V. schittide] hym out fro the citee. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 98 Ther is no lock mai schette him oute. 1487 in H. E. Malden Cely Papers (1900) 172 Of a v^c felles the wych the Holonders hayd schowt wt. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Hiiii All pleasure of the body he shet out of his hert by the vowe of chastite. 1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 397 Our former errour, and the basenesse of the Portuguese, shut us quite out of this country. 1672 J. Dryden Conquest Granada ii. iv. i. 117 Make haste; and draw the Curtain while you may: You but shut out the twilight of my day. 1743 R. Blair Grave 35 Heaven's Portals wide expand to let him in; Nor are his Friends shut out. 1819 W. P. Taunton Rep. Cases Comm. Pleas VII. 480 The Defendant is completely shut out from taking the ground of mutual credit by his own statement. 1842 J. R. Lowell in Boston Misc. Lit. & Fashion 1 133 For, whom the heart of Man shuts out Straightway the heart of God takes in. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. v. 654 An exile, shut out from public employment. 1856 N. Brit. Rev. 26 157 When we close one eye, we shut out the quantity of light which entered that eye as reflected from a different part of the room. 1895 P. Hemingway Out of Egypt i. i. 10 The stuffy ill-lighted rooms at the back of the houses, shut out from view of the authorities. 2. to shut (some one) out of doors, †out of the gates. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > be on the outside of [verb (transitive)] > keep or shut out > specific persons beloukOE belockc1330 excludec1440 to shut (some one) out of doors, out of the gates1508 excluse1513 society > authority > subjection > prohibition > prohibit [verb (transitive)] > debar (a person) > from a place to shut outc1384 to shut (some one) out of doors, out of the gates1508 eighty-six1959 1508 J. Fisher Treat. Penyt. Psalmes sig. &&.iii One, that by chaunce was that nyght shette oute of the gates. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 704/1 She hath shytte me out of dores. 1819 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor viii, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. II. 166 And Ravenswood's dirty usage of me—shutting me out of doors to dine with the lacqueys. 3. To screen from view. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > invisibility > make invisible [verb (transitive)] > block view bury1601 screen1611 obstruct1667 shut1697 to shut out1856 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. ix. 101 A large headland..shutting out all points farther north. 1899 S. J. Cotes Path of Star xv. 160 Orchids hung from above, shutting out the garden. 1906 E. V. Lucas Wanderer in London i. 11 Long white blinds that shut out the house opposite. 4. Baseball. (See quot. 1896. Cf. to shut out). Also transferred in other games and figurative. North American. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > overcome or defeat > easily to eat (also have) (a person or thing) for breakfast1693 to walk over (the course)1823 to run (also make) rings round (also around)1875 to shut out1881 to walk away from1883 to walk round1901 to roll over1937 to walk (all) over (a person)1976 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > play baseball [verb (transitive)] > cause (team) not to score to shut out1881 society > leisure > sport > winning, losing, or scoring > win, lose, or score [verb (transitive)] > win > defeat overplayc1460 smother1676 lurch1678 outplay1702 thrash1789 defeat1830 spreadeagle1832 thresh1852 whitewash1867 blank1870 annihilate1886 nip1893 slam1907 plaster1919 skittle1919 rip1927 maul1928 demolish1938 massacre1940 trounce1942 hammer1948 murder1952 to shut out1952 zilch1957 zip1964 trip1974 1881 N.Y. Herald 17 July 10/3 The Domestics were shut out in every inning up to the eighth, when by bunching their hits they scored two earned runs on a single by Mahny. 1894 Spalding's Base Ball Guide 40 Nichols..shut out the St. Louis team without a game to their credit out of four games played. 1896 R. G. Knowles & M. Morton Baseball 88 [A pitcher] who performed the remarkable feat of shutting out (i.e., disposing of a team in their whole nine innings without a run being scored) Baltimore, Cleveland [etc.]. 1952 in H. Wentworth & S. B. Flexner Dict. Amer. Slang (1960) 475/2 The last time [the Princeton football players] were shut out Penn did it on Nov. 3, 1946. 1957 Northland News (Uranium City, Sask.) 7 Jan. 7/2 [Ice hockey] The Flyers shut-out the blue and gold for the second time by a 2–0 count. 1976 National Observer (U.S.) 15 May 2/1 Reagan shut out Ford in Texas, winning all 96 delegates to the National Convention. to shut to 1. transitive. To close (a door); †to shoot (a bolt). ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close (a door, window, etc.) > bolt, bar, or lock > slide bar or bolt into fastening shootc1000 shutc1000 to shut to?c1225 the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close (a door, window, etc.) shutc1000 steek?c1225 makec1300 speara1325 yark toc1400 to shut toc1450 to put toa1500 warpc1540 enclose1563 to pull to1673 dub1753 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 76 Ȝef..he warpe hond towart þe þurch þe clað. ananricht schutteð þe þurlto. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1078 Ðis angels two drogen loth in, And shetten to ðe dure-pin. c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 243 Sche..schett to þe dore. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xxi. 30 Forthwith the dores were shut to. 1665 S. Pepys Diary 16 July (1972) VI. 160 A little pretty daughter of my Lady Wright's most innocently came out afterward, and shut the door to. 1886 R. L. Stevenson Kidnapped iii. 16 The door was cautiously opened, and shut to again behind me. 1891 C. Roberts Adrift in Amer. 128 A half-breed Indian that was loafing about there to shut-to the door. 2. intransitive for reflexive. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > become closed or shut [verb (intransitive)] > become closed (of a door, window, etc.) shut1470 steeka1500 to fall to1565 sneck1871 to shut to1912 1912 M. Hewlett in Eng. Rev. Apr. 9 The earth's door shuts-to again. to shut up 1. transitive. To place or store away in a closed box or other receptacle; to keep from view or use; to confine within bounds. literal and figurative †Also to withhold (one's money, kindness, etc.) from a person. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > a receptacle to shut upc1400 stopa1425 the mind > possession > supply > storage > store [verb (transitive)] > in a receptacle to shut upc1400 stowc1485 stuff1567 to stow away1795 the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclose [verb (transitive)] > enclose in a receptacle or surrounding mass > in a receptacle spear1303 to shut upc1400 shrine1592 occlude1623 stop1714 encase1727 the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] > withhold or refuse to give forbar1303 denyc1374 again-holda1382 withdrawc1386 restraina1393 to shut up1526 renounce1617 denegate1623 c1400 Pety Job 364 in 26 Pol. Poems 132 Tyll he..wylne to be shut vp in hys cheste. 1426 J. Lydgate tr. G. de Guileville Pilgrimage Life Man 17922 To shit vp gold in coffers. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) 1 John iii. 17 Whosoever..seyth his brother in necessitie, and shetteth vppe his compassion from him. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 704/1 He hath shytte up his treasour in a wall. 1540 J. Palsgrave in tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus i. i. sig. Dij He neuer perceyued my goodnesse to be shut vp towardes hym. 1544 P. Betham tr. J. di Porcia Preceptes Warre i. xciv. sig. E vij Whose names are worthye to be spred immortall, in euery age, whose fame should not be shutte vp, or hydde in any posteritie. 1613 G. Chapman Reuenge Bussy D'Ambois v. sig. K3^v Our sensiue spirits..can take..the same formes they had, When they were shut vp in this bodies shade. 1691 J. Scougall tr. D. Beddevole Ess. Anat. 120 Each Lobe [of the Liver] is shut up [Fr. renfermé] in a very delicate Membrane. 1742 E. Young Complaint: Night the Second 30 Thoughts shut up want Air, And spoil. 1825 T. Hook Sayings & Doings 2nd Ser. III. 268 Cutting long slips of muslin..and shutting them up in boxes. 1863 J. D. Dana Man. Geol. 27 The waters are shut up within the great basin, the Caspian and Aral being the seas which receive those waters that are not lost in the plains. †2. To comprise, include; to condense in brief expressions. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > conciseness > put concisely or briefly [verb (transitive)] > condense condensate1555 contract1604 to shut up1622 compress1746 condense1805 pemmican1837 pemmicanize1845 to boil down1880 bovrilize1900 society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > summary or epitome > summarize or abridge [verb (transitive)] abrevya1325 comprehendc1369 abridgec1384 shorta1390 suma1398 abbreviate?a1475 shorten1530 to cut short?1542 curtail1553 to knit up1553 to wind up1583 clip1598 epitomize1599 brief1601 contract1604 to shut up1622 decurt1631 to sum up1642 breviate1663 curtilate1665 compendize1693 epitomate1702 to gather up1782 summarize1808 scissor1829 précis1856 to cut down1857 to boil down1880 synopsize1882 essence1888 résumé1888 short copy1891 bovrilize1900 pot1927 summate1951 capsulize1958 profile1970 1622 H. Peacham Compl. Gentleman vi. 49 Shutting vp whole and weightie Sentences in three words. a1674 T. Traherne Christian Ethicks (1675) 472 There are three things which beget Love, Beauty, Benefits, and Praises: They are all three shut up in Goodness. 3. a. To confine (a person or animal) in prison or in some kind of restraint; to keep in seclusion; to hem (a person) round in order to prevent his escape. Also (chiefly reflexive) to shut the door on (a person within a place, room, etc.) to prevent access; passive to be closeted with. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > confinement > confine [verb (transitive)] beloukOE loukOE sparc1175 pena1200 bepen?c1225 pind?c1225 prison?c1225 spearc1300 stopc1315 restraina1325 aclosec1350 forbara1375 reclosea1382 ward1390 enclose1393 locka1400 reclusea1400 pinc1400 sparc1430 hamperc1440 umbecastc1440 murea1450 penda1450 mew?c1450 to shut inc1460 encharter1484 to shut up1490 bara1500 hedge1549 hema1552 impound1562 strain1566 chamber1568 to lock up1568 coop1570 incarcerate1575 cage1577 mew1581 kennel1582 coop1583 encagea1586 pound1589 imprisonc1595 encloister1596 button1598 immure1598 seclude1598 uplock1600 stow1602 confine1603 jail1604 hearse1608 bail1609 hasp1620 cub1621 secure1621 incarcera1653 fasten1658 to keep up1673 nun1753 mope1765 quarantine1804 peg1824 penfold1851 encoop1867 oubliette1884 jigger1887 corral1890 maroon1904 to bang up1950 to lock down1971 the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > be enclosed [verb (intransitive)] > with others in a private chamber to be closeted with (also together)1641 to shut upa1684 1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xiii. 312 I shall bryng hym agen wyth me vnto you all, were he shitte vp in X prisons. 1530 Bible (Tyndale) Lev. xiii. f. xx^v Then let the preast shitt him vpp seuen dayes. 1534 Bible (Tyndale rev. Joye) Acts xxvi. 10 Many of the sainctes I shut vp in preson. 1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 51 A houell, will..serue thee in winter..to shut vp the porklings, thou mindest to fat. 1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies v. xv. 367 These Virgines thus shut vp into these monasteries. 1645 R. Symonds Diary (1859) 173 These garrisons shutt up by the rebells. a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1670 (1955) III. 563 Din'd at the Tressurers & after dinner were shut-up together. 1741 C. Middleton Hist. Life Cicero (1742) III. 222 He shut him up closely by sea, as well as land. 1798 S. Lee Young Lady's Tale in H. Lee Canterbury Tales II. 476 Those for whom the feast should have been preparing,..remained shut up at home. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. iii. viii. 147 Whom, however, Loménie,..shuts up in the Bastille. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xv. 613 The Jacobites..were forced to shut themselves up in their houses. 1859 J. M. Jephson & L. Reeve Narr. Walking Tour Brittany i. 1 [I] shut myself up with my own thoughts. 1896 ‘Iota’ Quaker Grandmother 276 The dogs were always shut up on moonlight nights. figurative.1526 Bible (Tyndale) Gal. iii. 23 Before that fayth cam, we were kept and shut vppe vnder the lawe.1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iii. ii. 28 The whole compass of their Thoughts and Mind being shut up within the two forementioned Sciences.1875 A. Helps Social Pressure i. 3 How we are all shut up in our own small selves. b. In some games of skill: To surround (the pieces of an opponent) in such a manner that a move becomes impossible without capture. Also said of the player. In Dominoes, see quot. 1870. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [verb (transitive)] > tactics to shut up1474 to take upc1475 neck1597 catch1674 to discover check1688 attack1735 retreat1744 fork1745 pin1745 retake1750 guard1761 interpose1761 castle1764 retract1777 to take (a pawn) en passant1818 capture1820 decline1847 cook1851 undouble1868 unpin1878 counter1890 fidate1910 sacrifice1915 fianchetto1927 society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > table game > dominoes > [verb (transitive)] > block a move to shut up1870 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iv. ii. 168 For yf he be taken or ded or ellis Inclusid and shette vp [etc.]. 1870 Routledge's Every Boy's Ann. 340 Endeavouring to keep the command of the game [dominoes], so that you can block it at any moment, or, as it is technically termed, ‘shut it up’. 1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues II. 320 Unskilful players of draughts are at last shut up by their skilled adversaries. c. To compel by the exclusion of alternatives to some particular conclusion, course of action, etc. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] > to or into an action or state > by exclusion of alternatives to shut up1836 1836 Rob Stene's Dream (Maitland Club) Introd. 12 We are thus shut up to the conclusion, that the Poem must have been composed between 27th January, 1590–1,..and 28th February, 1591–2. 1843 H. Rogers Ess. (1860) III. 44 He plies the Oxford Tractists with this argument very fairly, and shows..that they are shut up to one of two courses. 4. To close (an entrance, aperture, etc.); to pull (a door, window, etc.) to; †to stop up, make impassable (a road). Also occasionally to shut permanently (the eyes, mouth). Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > [verb (transitive)] > shut eyes or mouth permanently to shut up1526 the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] beloukeOE tinea900 bitunc1000 forshutc1000 sparc1175 louka1225 bisteke?c1225 spear?c1225 closec1275 knita1398 fastena1400 upclosec1440 to shut up1526 reclude1550 upspeara1563 lucken1568 to make up1582 hatcha1586 belocka1616 the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close by obstruction or block up > block the way or a passage forsetc900 withseta1300 stop13.. speara1325 withsperre1330 to stop one's way1338 shut1362 forbara1375 beseta1400 stopc1400 precludea1513 interclude1526 to shut up1526 forestall1528 fence1535 hedge1535 quar1542 foreclose1548 forestop1566 to flounder up1576 obstruct1578 bar1590 retrench1590 to shut the door in (also upon) (a person's) face1596 barricade1606 barricado1611 thwartc1630 blocka1644 overthwart1654 rebarricado1655 to choke up1673 blockade1696 embarrass1735 snow1816 roadblock1950 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xxv. f. xxxv^v The gate was shett vppe. 1560 T. H. tr. Ovid Fable Narcissus sig. iv^v And deth shut vp those eyes. 1570 T. Wilson tr. Demosthenes 3 Orations ii. 15 All the Ports and Hauens in the Countrie are shutte vp by reason of the warres. 1608 H. Wotton in L. P. Smith Life & Lett. Sir H. Wotton (1907) I. 411 The ways being all shut up with frosts, and snows. 1631 T. Powell Tom of All Trades 32 If the Merchant sit still, the most of them may shut up their Shop windowes. 1785 W. Paley Moral & Polit. Philos. (1841) iii. i. xv. 89 When a tradesman shuts up his windows, to induce his creditors to believe that he is abroad. 1802 R. Brookes Gen. Gazetteer (ed. 12) at Lepanto The harbour is small, and may be shut up by a chain. 1826 in W. Cobbett Rural Rides in Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 23 Sept. 789 Let them answer me this question, or shut up their mouths upon this subject. 1827 M. Faraday Chem. Manip. xix. 495 Closing the extremities of tubes so as to shut up one end. 1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin II. xl. 274 Well, his mouth's shut up, at last. 1891 S. Kinns Graven in Rock viii. 290 The ancient Egyptians had closely shut it [the entrance] up. figurative.1576 G. Gascoigne Droomme of Doomes Day in Wks. (1910) II. 375 If the outward wandring be shut up, the inward accesse to God is opened. 5. To close, prevent access to or exit from (a place, a house, shop, room, etc.); †to screen by an enclosure from (obsolete); Agriculture to close (a meadow) to pasture, in preparation for a hay crop; to close (a box or other receptacle); Nautical to stop the leaks in (a ship). to shut up shop: see shop n., adj., and int. Phrases 9.Also in Biblical phrases, to shut up the heavens, to withhold rain; to shut up the womb, to render barren. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > dry weather or climate > [verb (transitive)] to shut up the heavens1530 the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > shut up (a place) steeka1250 shut1340 to shut in1390 spear1445 seclude1451 to shut up1530 mure1550 block1630 lock1773 to lock up1824 seal1931 to sew up1962 to lock down1980 the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > infertility > infertile [verb (transitive)] to shut up the womb1530 sterilize1828 yeld1831 desexualize1886 the world > space > relative position > condition or fact of being interjacent > be or make interjacent [verb (transitive)] > partition or form a partition > screen from seclude1601 to shut up1733 the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > cultivation of specific crops > [verb (transitive)] > crop with grass or hay > close meadow to grow hay to lay in1600 to lay down1608 to shut up1765 to put up1892 society > travel > travel by water > other nautical operations > [verb (transitive)] > stop a leak in specific way fother1789 to shut up1805 to well the ship1820 1530 Bible (Tyndale) Lev. xiv. f. xxvi Then let the preast..shett vp the housse for .vij. dayes. 1530 Bible (Tyndale) Deut. xi. f. xxii And then the wrath of the Lorde..shott vp the heauen that there be no rayne. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Job iii. 10 Because it shut not vp the wombe that bare me. 1576 G. Gascoigne Droomme of Doomes Day in Wks. (1910) II. 246 Gluttony dyd shut up Paradyse. 1592 Arden of Feversham ii. ii. 52 Tis very late, I were best shute vp my stall. a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1665 (1955) III. 415 Now were two houses shut up in our parish. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 110. ¶5 His Mother..had shut up half the Rooms in the House. 1733 J. Arbuthnot Ess. Effects Air Human Bodies vi. 121 Cities in Greece, shut up from Northerly Winds, were unhealthy. 1765 Museum Rusticum 4 275 Their food, four small pastures... Two of them I fed in the spring, rather late before I shut them up for hay. 1805 C. Collingwood Let. 10 Oct. in Ld. Nelson Disp. & Lett. (1846) VII. 110 (note) The Achille wanted caulking much. I ordered a gang on board of her to shut her up before the wet weather comes. 1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist II. xxvii. 132 Noah, you shut up the shop. 1840 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 1 iv. 396 The field is now shut up till the time of harvesting the crop. 1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lxvii. 624 Let us shut up the box and the puppets. 1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede III. vi. Epil. 327 The workshops have been shut up half an hour or more. figurative.1702 O. Heywood Autobiogr., Diaries, Anecd. & Event Bks. (1885) IV. 296 Alas then my heart was shut up. 6. To close (something) by folding together, to fold (something) up. Also intransitive for reflexive. Also, †to fit closely together. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > insertion or putting in > insert or put in [verb (transitive)] > by way of filling > fit together queem1501 even1530 fit1611 to shut up1611 fadge1674 the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > become closed or shut [verb (intransitive)] > close by folding together shut1582 to shut up1829 the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > by folding together to fold upc888 shut?a1366 to do to1562 to make up1629 to shut up1833 1611 Bible (King James) Job xli. 15 His scales are his pride, shut vp together as with a close seale. View more context for this quotation 1829 P. Barlow Optics in Encycl. Metrop.: Mixed Sci. I. 473/1 A machine shutting up in the form of a chest, or box. 1833 T. Hook Parson's Daughter III. x. 259 Shutting up the easel itself, [she] deposited it in the corner. 1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. iii. 53 And he, shutting up the knife.., accompanied them towards the cottage. 1891 Punch 25 Apr. 201/2 Smart new boy in cloak-room has noted gentlemen shutting up their crush hats. 1911 Daily Graphic 2 Dec. 4/3 Shutting up the little book he had been reading. †7. To conclude, wind up (a subject, discourse, etc.); to finish up (an act, a period of time, etc.), to bring to an end with. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > bring to an end or conclude [verb (transitive)] yendc1000 abatec1300 finec1300 endc1305 finisha1375 definec1384 terminec1390 achievea1393 out-enda1400 terminate?a1425 conclude1430 close1439 to bring adowna1450 terma1475 adetermine1483 determine1483 to knit up1530 do1549 parclose1558 to shut up1575 expire1578 date1589 to close up1592 period1595 includea1616 apostrophate1622 to wind off1650 periodizea1657 dismiss1698 to wind up1740 to put the lid on1873 to put the tin hat on something1900 to wash up1925 1575 G. Gascoigne Certayne Notes Instr. in Posies sig. U.j^v The two last [lines] do combine and shut vp the Sentence. 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 158 To shutte up the matter in fewe wordes. 1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) ii. vi. 171/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I Some making their entrie with egs, and shutting vp their tables with mulberies. 1592 T. Kyd Spanish Trag. ii. sig. D2 And heauens haue shut vp day to pleasure vs. 1602 W. Leigh Soules Solace in W. Harrison Deaths Advantage (ed. 2) 18 Hee shut vp his blessed life, with these blessed words [etc.]. 1620 T. Venner Via Recta viii. 182 I must aduertise them that shut vp their meale with drinke, that they doe it with a moderate draught. 1633 Battle of Lutzen 28 I shut up all concerning this point in this Assertion. 1638 A. Read Treat. 1st Pt. Chirurg. i. 1 In the last Lecture..I shut up the doctrine of ulcers. c1650 in G. Bromley Coll. Royal Lett. (1787) 309 Thus I will shut up my long and tedious letter. 1707 E. Ward Wooden World Dissected 101 He constantly shuts up the Week with a Debauch. 1741 J. Wesley Wks. (1872) I. 303 I will shut up this melancholy subject with part of a letter. 8. colloquial. To be the end of (a matter). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > bring to an end or conclude [verb (transitive)] > be the end of to shut up1856 1856 C. Dickens Little Dorrit (1857) i. xii. 102 Now, I'll tell you what it is, and this shuts it up..I'll let him off for another five down and a bottle of wine; and if you mean done, say done, and if you don't like it, leave it. 9. intransitive. Of a period of time, state of things, a discourse, an action: To come to an end. archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ceasing > cease activity [verb (intransitive)] > specifically of things, actions, or processes restOE leathc1275 stintc1275 slakea1300 ceasec1374 slocka1400 batec1400 lissec1400 stanchc1420 surcease1439 remain1480 stopa1529 break1530 decease1538 falla1555 to shut up1609 subside1654 drop1697 low1790 to go out1850 the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > be at an end [verb (intransitive)] > come to an end, terminate, or expire to run outeOE endOE stintc1275 slakea1300 overpassc1350 determinec1374 overruna1393 dispend1393 failc1399 missa1400 to wear out, forth1412 stanchc1420 to come outa1450 terminea1450 expire?c1450 finish1490 conclude1593 upclose1603 terminate1608 to shut up1609 to wind off1650 stop1733 to fall in1771 close1821 to blaze out1884 outgive1893 to play out1964 1609 Old Meg of Hereford-shire sig. A4^v The sports growing to the end, and shutting vp. 1667 S. Pepys Diary 31 Mar. (1974) VIII. 139 The month shuts up, only with great desires of peace in all of us. 1865 A. C. Swinburne Chastelard v. ii. 180 So here my time shuts up. 10. Of a person: †To end one's course of action (obsolete); to bring one's remarks to a close. Now rare. (Cf. 13.) ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > completing > complete or conclude action [verb (intransitive)] enda1340 finisha1400 conclude1526 to get through1589 get1594 dispatcha1616 to shut up1626 to wind up1631 finale1797 to top off1836 to top up1837 through1894 to roll up1963 the mind > language > speech > speak [verb (intransitive)] > finish speaking to shut up1626 to trail off1845 1626 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. VIII. O.T. xx. 21 The Joash of Judah..hauing beene preserued..by Iehoiada the Priest..shuts vp in the vnkinde murther of his sonne. 1657 J. Watts Scribe, Pharisee i. 72 And now (to shut up) I will give you a brief recapitulation. 1700 R. Cromwell Let. in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1898) 13 121 I fear how farre my penn hath runn; it is but reasonable to shut up. 1868 C. Thirlwall Lett. (1881) II. 175 I must now shut up. 11. Of a commercial house: To close its doors, stop payment. rare. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > insolvency > [verb (intransitive)] > stop payment to stop payment1766 to shut up1841 1841 W. M. Thackeray Great Hoggarty Diamond x The very day when the Muff and Tippet Company shut up. 12. transitive. To cause (a person) to stop talking, to reduce to silence. Also to silence (hostile artillery). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > refrain from uttering [verb (transitive)] > silence or prevent from speaking to stop a person's mouthc1175 stilla1225 to keep ina1420 stifle1496 to knit up1530 to muzzle (up) the mouth1531 choke1533 muzzle?1542 to tie a person's tongue1544 tongue-tiea1555 silence1592 untongue1598 to reduce (a person or thing) to silence1605 to bite in1608 gaga1616 to swear downa1616 to laugh down1616 stifle1621 to cry down1623 unworda1627 clamour1646 splint1648 to take down1656 snap1677 stick1708 shut1809 to shut up1814 to cough down1823 to scrape down1855 to howl down1872 extinguish1878 hold1901 shout1924 to pipe down1926 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > loss or lack of voice > deprive of voice [verb (transitive)] > put to silence to put silence toc1384 to stop (one's own or another's) mouthc1384 to put (a person or thing) to silencea1464 mumc1475 stillc1540 to button up (a person's) lip (also mouth)1601 obacerate1656 bouche1721 to shut up1814 to pipe down1926 to button (a person's) lip (also mouth)1968 society > armed hostility > defence > holding out or making stand > hold [verb (transitive)] > repel > silence hostile artillery to shut up1860 1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park III. xvi. 305 Her son, who was always guided by the last speaker, by the person who could get hold of and shut him up . View more context for this quotation 1856 C. Dickens Little Dorrit (1857) i. xiii. 115 I say to them, What else are you made for? It shuts them up. They haven't a word to answer. 1860 W. H. Russell My Diary in India 1858–9 I. 291 Our artillery seemed to shut the hostile guns up. 1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. I. v. 79 When I got there I was quite shut up. 1866 H. J. W. Buxton Mysteries of Isis 7 The Captain shuts up poor Henry..and he can't say a word in return. 1887 Poor Nellie (1888) 16 Looks at you and shuts you up just like Snorker, my old form master. 13. intransitive (colloquial or slang.) To shut one's mouth, to stop talking. (Cf. 10) Often in imperative. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > be silent/refrain from speaking [verb (intransitive)] > stop speaking to make up one's mouthc1175 to shut (also close) one's mouthc1175 blina1300 dumba1300 leavea1375 to put a sock in ita1529 hush1548 silence1551 stay1551 stow1567 stop1579 to save one's breath (also wind)1605 tace1697 stubble it!1699 shut your trap!1796 to keep a calm (or quiet) sough1808 stubble your whids!1830 to shut up1840 to dry up1853 pawl1867 subside1872 to pipe down1876 to shut (one's) head, face1876 shurrup1893 to shut off1896 clam1916 dry1934 shtum1958 to oyster up1973 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > loss or lack of voice > lose the voice [verb (intransitive)] > not utter to shut (also close) one's mouthc1175 to hold (also have, keep) one's peacea1275 peacec1395 muffa1500 to put a sock in ita1529 whista1547 to say not muff1652 to hold one's whisht1786 to shut (one's) pan1799 to shut up1840 to hold one's whistc1874 to shut (one's) head, face1876 to wrap up1943 1840 Daily Picayune (New Orleans) 10 Oct. 2/4 The Dutch~man got a hint to ‘shut up’ from one of the officers. 1853 ‘C. Bede’ Adventures Mr. Verdant Green viii. 69 Order! or-der! Shut up, Bouncer! 1858 A. Trollope Dr. Thorne I. v. 125 On this occasion he seemed to be at some loss for words: he shut up, as the slang phrase goes. 1905 E. Glyn Vicissitudes Evangeline 134 He nearly had a fit, and shut up at once. 14. Of a racehorse: To refuse to go on running in a race. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by speed or gait > [verb (intransitive)] > refuse to go on jib1811 to shut up1859 1859 C. J. Lever Davenport Dunn xxix Some horses..drag their feet along, all weary and tired; if you push them a bit, they shut up, or they answer the whip with a kind of shrug. Draft additions June 2015 to shut up intransitive. In imperative. colloquial (originally U.S.). Expressing surprise, incredulity, or admiration, typically in response to something that has been said; ‘you're kidding’, ‘that's incredible’. ΚΠ 1990 P. Munro Slang U 170 I saw Bill Cosby on campus—he even said hi to me.—Shut up! 2003 Wired Jan. 98/1 When I came here five years ago, I was like, Shut up! I can't believe these guys are calling us. 2010 B. Agbaje Off Endz i. 7 David Oh my days, I can't believe this cartoon is still on. Sharon Yes, it's on every day. David Shut up..no way. 2012 T. Aleo Empty Net xxv. 339 ‘I'm opening a cupcakery,’ Audrey said proudly... ‘Shut up! That's amazing! Congratulations.’ This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.¹c1460n.²1300adj.1474v.c1000
随便看	bratchel bratchet bratchets bratful brath brathel brathful brathly bratling bratlings bratnet brats brattach brattery brattice brattice up brattice-cloth brattice-nail brattice-work bratticecloth bratticed bratticenail brattices bratticework bratticing

shutn.1

Compounds

shutn.2

shutadj.

Compounds

shutv.

Phrasal verbs

Draft additions June 2015

shutn.¹

shutn.²