sigman.

Brit.

/ˈsɪɡmə/, U.S.

/ˈsɪɡmə/

Etymology: < Latin sigma, Greek σίγμα, the 18th letter of the Greek alphabet.

1. The name of the Greek letter Σ, σ, ς, the equivalent of the English S, s, in its uncial form having the shape of C.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > written character > name of written character > [noun] > Greek

alphac1175

muc1175

betaa1400

taua1400

chic1400

deltac1400

etac1400

kappac1400

gamma?a1425

lambda?a1425

nu?a1425

phi?a1425

pi?a1425

psi?a1425

rho?a1425

xi?a1425

zeta?a1425

upsilon1559

san1584

omega1599

theta1603

iota1607

sigma1607

omicron1631

digamma1699

epsilon1842

zeta1850

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 290 Written with Iota and simple Sigma.

1736 R. Ainsworth Thes. Linguæ Latinæ II. s.v. S Which opinion is made more probable by the small form of the Greek sigma.

1833 Penny Cycl. I. 385/2 The difference between the shin.., and the Greek sigma..depends solely upon the altered position.

1859 Millard tr. Kühner Greek Gram. 4 The Sigma (σ), at the end of a word, takes the form ς.

1876 S. Birch Rede Lect. Egypt 32 The final sigma of the Greeks is represented by the Egyptian sibilant.

2. Something having the form of S or C.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > types of curvature > [noun] > curve of shape of part of circle > semicircular arc

semi-hoop1687

sigma1788

the world > space > shape > curvature > series of curves > [noun] > double curve

S1426

ess1540

swan-neck1686

Cupid's bow1875

sigma1877

1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall V. liii. 481 The square before the sigma [= semicircular portico] was decorated with a fountain.

1877 E. Coues & J. A. Allen Monogr. N. Amer. Rodentia (U.S. Geol. Surv. Territories, vol. XI) 32 The loops of enamel..do form a sort of sigma [etc.; see sigmodont adj. and n.].

3. Physics and Chemistry.

a. [After S n.¹ 5] Used to designate electrons, orbitals, molecular states, etc., possessing zero angular momentum about an internuclear axis; sigma- (or σ-) bond, a bond formed by a σ-orbital. Usually written σ when it refers to one electron and Σ when it refers to a molecule as a whole.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > atomic chemistry > [adjective] > relating to electrons > specific

s1890

free1895

isosteric1919

isoelectronic1928

sigma1929

the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > electron spin > [adjective] > possessing zero angular momentum

sigma1929

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical bonding > [noun] > covalent bonding > sigma bond > electrons involved in

sigma1929

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical bonding > [noun] > covalent bonding > sigma bond

sigma- (or σ-) bond1952

1929 R. S. Mulliken in Chem. Rev. 6 532 The molecule contains two 1sσ electrons (1sσ²)..and two 3sσ electrons, and (in NO and O₂) one or two 3ρπ electrons... The second (Greek) letter gives the value of a quantum number λ which does not exist for the atom, (σ, π, δ,…mean λ = 0, 1, 2,…).

1939 J. W. T. Spinks tr. G. Herzberg Molecular Spectra v. 260 For multiplet Σ states the character positive-negative depends on whether K..is even or odd.

1952 L. N. Ferguson Electron Struct. Org. Molecules ii. 21 In butadiene, each carbon atom forms three σ bonds.

1963 W. J. Moore Physical Chem. (ed. 4) xiv. 600 In the electronic excitation an electron is removed from a π orbital and placed in a σ orbital.

1964 R. G. Parr Quantum Theory Molec. Electronic Struct. iii. 41 It is supposed that somehow the effect of the others, the sigma electrons, can be lumped into the Hamiltonian for the pi electrons.

1966 C. S. G. Phillips & R. J. P. Williams Inorg. Chem. II. xxviii. 341 The vinyl anion, C₂H₃⁻, binds directly to cobalt (III) of vitamin B₁₂ as a simple σ-bonded ligand.

1972 C. H. DePuy & O. L. Chapman Molecular Reactions & Photochem. vi. 103 The numbers refer to the atoms at either end of the sigma bond which is thought of as moving.

1978 P. W. Atkins Physical Chem. xv. 471 Thus an oxygen molecule, which..has two π*-electrons, could be in either a Σ state (the electrons orbiting in opposite directions) or in a Δ state (the electrons orbiting in the same sense around the bond).

b. Particle Physics. Used, usually attributive, to denote any of a triplet of hyperons (and their antiparticles) having an average mass of approximately 1190 MeV (2340 times that of the electron), a spin of ½, zero hypercharge, and unit isospin, and which on decaying usually produce a nucleon and a pion (if charged) or a lambda particle and a photon (if neutral). Frequently written as Σ.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > particle participating in strong interaction > baryon > [noun] > hyperon > one of three

sigma1954

1954 Gell-Mann & Pais in Proc. Glasgow Conf. Nuclear & Pleson Physics (1955) 347 The..apparent existence of both a positive and a negative hyperon which we shall call Σ⁺ with the decay schemes Σ± → N + π± + (∼115 MeV), Σ± → R + π° + (∼115 MeV).

1955 Nuovo Cimento II. 824 An event, interpreted as the disappearance of a charged Σ-hyperon in flight, has been observed..in the Brookhaven cosmotron.

1961 W. S. C. Williams Introd. Elementary Particles xii. 298 Any subsequent Σ decays in flight.

1963 K. W. Ford World of Elem. Particles vi. 179 (caption) A negative pion..collides with a proton and produces two strange particles, a neutral sigma and a neutral kaon... The sigma particle lives too short a time to move a measurable distance.., decaying almost at once into a lambda and a photon.

1976 Sci. Amer. Jan. 46/2 The baryons with the lowest mass are those with a spin of 1/2. There are eight of them: two nucleons (N).., a lambda particle (Λ).., three sigma particles (Σ)..and two cascade particles (Ξ).

4. Biochemistry. elliptical for sigma factor n. at Compounds below.

ΚΠ

1970 New Scientist 23 July 176/1 Soon after infection..the phage makes its own sigma, which redirects the host core enzyme to start making a different set of phage proteins.

5. Statistics. A standard deviation: used in the singular as if the name of a unit.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > distribution > variability or spread > measures of

quartile deviation1894

standard deviation1895

s.d.1902

subrange1903

range1911

variance1918

span1962

sigma1978

1978 N. R. Ullman Elem. Statistics iii. 68 The difference is 0·5 inches, or, since σ = 0·29..1·72 standard deviations apart or 1·72 σ (1·72 sigma) apart.

1978 N. R. Ullman Elem. Statistics iii. 69 You can express values in terms of sigma or in terms of ‘so many sigma units from the mean’.

1979 Nature 29 Mar. 411/1 On each radiocarbon analysis, one sigma counting errors are given.

Compounds

sigma factor n. Biochemistry a component of RNA polymerase which determines where transcription begins.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > nucleic acid > RNA > sigma factor

sigma factor1969

1969 R. R. Burgess et al. in Nature 4 Jan. 44/2 GG enzyme contains, in addition, two extra bands which we shall designate σ and τ.

1969 R. R. Burgess et al. in Nature 4 Jan. 46/1 The presence of the stimulating factor, σ, greatly enhances the amount of RNA synthesis.

1969 R. R. Burgess et al. in Nature 4 Jan. 46/2 σ and similar factors could..act as positive control elements regulating the amount of synthesis of different classes of RNA.]

1969 Times 9 May 12/6 The sigma factor helps to specify which genes are expressed.

1970 Nature 29 Aug. 886/1 Today sigma factor proteins..are central to all attempts to explain the positive control of gene expression.

1976 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73 3961 (heading) Purification and characterization of a putative sigma factor from Chlamydomonas reinhardi.

1976 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73 4405 (heading) Induction of sigma factor synthesis in Escherichia coli by the N gene product of bacteriophage lambda.

Derivatives

ˈsigmaspire n. (see quot. 1887).

ΚΠ

1887 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 417/2 (Sponges) One of the simplest forms [of microscleres] is the sigmaspire..; it looks like the letter C or S, according to the direction in which it is viewed, its actual form being that of a single turn of a cylindrical spiral.

ˈsigmate v. (transitive) to add a sigma or s to (a word, stem, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > manner of writing > [verb (transitive)] > add sigma or s to word

sigmate1849

1849 T. K. Arnold First Greek Bk. 5 The root of the future is got from the root of the present (or infinitive) by sigmating it.

ˈsigmate adj. having the form of a sigma.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > series of curves > [adjective] > having double curve

sigmoidal1666

swan-necked1746

sigmoid1786

swan-neck1844

sigmate1887

goose-necked1907

1887 Amer. Naturalist 21 937 [Sponges] with sigmate flesh-spicules.

sigmated adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > manner of writing > [adjective] > sigma or s added to word

sigmated1849

sigmatic1888

1849 T. K. Arnold First Greek Bk. 22 The first Aorist of the Active is formed by adding ᾰ to the sigmated root..and prefixing the augment.

1889 Notes & Queries 7th Ser. 8 216/2 The question of the plural treatment, or otherwise, of some sigmated words is fair matter for discussion.

sigmatic adj.

/sɪɡˈmætɪk/ characterized by the addition of sigma or s to the stem.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > manner of writing > [adjective] > sigma or s added to word

sigmated1849

sigmatic1888

1888 J. E. King & C. Cookson Princ. Sound & Inflexion Greek & Lat. xv. 444 The inflexions of the sigmatic aorist.

1897 Trans. Philol. Soc. 233 We have also a subjunctive of the sigmatic aorist.

sigˈmation n. the addition of s to a word, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > manner of writing > [noun] > marked use or repetition of letter s > addition of s to word

sigmation1889

1889 Notes & Queries 7th Ser. 7 142/1 This fondness for pluralizing..is constantly showing itself both in a purely senseless sigmation and in a duplication of the plural ending.

ˈsigmatism n. (a) the marked use or repetition of s; an instance of this; (b) defective articulation of sibilants.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > defective or inarticulate speech > [noun] > specific disorders or faults

tongue-tiedness1598

plateasm1656

tongue-tying1762

paraphonia1772

lullaby-speech1822

cleft palate1847

paralalia1848

logoneurosis1857

zetacism1860

alogia1864

lallation1864

lambdacism1864

semi-mute1864

heterophemy1875

agrammatism1877

bradyphrasia1877

heterophasia1877

logopathy1877

paragraphia1877

paralexia1877

paraphasia1877

paraphrasia1877

verbigeration1877

recurring utterance1878

word blindness1878

word deafness1878

scanning1887

sigmatism1888

idioglossia1891

staccato utterance1898

word salad1904

palilalia1908

paragrammatism1924

idiolalia1930

dysprosody1947

Broca's aphasia1959

society > communication > writing > manner of writing > [noun] > marked use or repetition of letter s

sigmatismus1887

sigmatism1888

1888 A. H. Buck Ref. Handbk. Med. Sci. VI. 617/1 Lisping, or Sigmatism, is the most common form of stammering. It consists of giving s a wrong sound, usually that of th, by carrying the tip of the tongue too far forward, so as to touch the upper teeth.

1889 Classical Rev. 3 270 The sigmatism is quite Ovidian.

1891 Athenæum 21 Feb. 246/2 Sophocles, ‘O.T.’ 425, should have been quoted as the most remarkable, and at the same time effective, example of sigmatism in Greek tragedy.

1933 S. M. Stinchfield Speech Disorders iv. 76 The boys led in the number of cases of sigmatism, stuttering.., deafness and speech defects as a whole.

1957 Dental Practitioner VII. 220/2 Speech may be ‘thick’, which I tend to associate with the large tongue and the lateral sigmatism which suggests tongue behaviour.

1965 W. R. Brain Speech Disorders 154 Various disorders of the production of s (sigmatism) have been recognized.

sigmaˈtismus n. = sigmatism n.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > manner of writing > [noun] > marked use or repetition of letter s

sigmatismus1887

sigmatism1888

1887 Q. Rev. Oct. 369 There are three inseparable necessities which may be remembered by a sigmatismus—site, soil, and sympathy.

ˈsigmatize v. [compare late Greek σιγματίζειν] transitive to mark with the letter s.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > marking > marking to identify > be distinctive mark on [verb (transitive)] > put identifying mark on > with letters or initials

sigmatize1655

initial1864

1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 145 Mr. Prynne..was..to be stigmatized, or if you will sigmatized, on both Cheeks with the letter S for a Schismatick.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	sigma
释义	sigman. Brit. /ˈsɪɡmə/, U.S. /ˈsɪɡmə/ Etymology: < Latin sigma, Greek σίγμα, the 18th letter of the Greek alphabet. 1. The name of the Greek letter Σ, σ, ς, the equivalent of the English S, s, in its uncial form having the shape of C. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written character > name of written character > [noun] > Greek alphac1175 muc1175 betaa1400 taua1400 chic1400 deltac1400 etac1400 kappac1400 gamma?a1425 lambda?a1425 nu?a1425 phi?a1425 pi?a1425 psi?a1425 rho?a1425 xi?a1425 zeta?a1425 upsilon1559 san1584 omega1599 theta1603 iota1607 sigma1607 omicron1631 digamma1699 epsilon1842 zeta1850 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 290 Written with Iota and simple Sigma. 1736 R. Ainsworth Thes. Linguæ Latinæ II. s.v. S Which opinion is made more probable by the small form of the Greek sigma. 1833 Penny Cycl. I. 385/2 The difference between the shin.., and the Greek sigma..depends solely upon the altered position. 1859 Millard tr. Kühner Greek Gram. 4 The Sigma (σ), at the end of a word, takes the form ς. 1876 S. Birch Rede Lect. Egypt 32 The final sigma of the Greeks is represented by the Egyptian sibilant. 2. Something having the form of S or C. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > types of curvature > [noun] > curve of shape of part of circle > semicircular arc semi-hoop1687 sigma1788 the world > space > shape > curvature > series of curves > [noun] > double curve S1426 ess1540 swan-neck1686 Cupid's bow1875 sigma1877 1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall V. liii. 481 The square before the sigma [= semicircular portico] was decorated with a fountain. 1877 E. Coues & J. A. Allen Monogr. N. Amer. Rodentia (U.S. Geol. Surv. Territories, vol. XI) 32 The loops of enamel..do form a sort of sigma [etc.; see sigmodont adj. and n.]. 3. Physics and Chemistry. a. [After S n.¹ 5] Used to designate electrons, orbitals, molecular states, etc., possessing zero angular momentum about an internuclear axis; sigma- (or σ-) bond, a bond formed by a σ-orbital. Usually written σ when it refers to one electron and Σ when it refers to a molecule as a whole. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > atomic chemistry > [adjective] > relating to electrons > specific s1890 free1895 isosteric1919 isoelectronic1928 sigma1929 the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > electron spin > [adjective] > possessing zero angular momentum sigma1929 the world > matter > chemistry > chemical bonding > [noun] > covalent bonding > sigma bond > electrons involved in sigma1929 the world > matter > chemistry > chemical bonding > [noun] > covalent bonding > sigma bond sigma- (or σ-) bond1952 1929 R. S. Mulliken in Chem. Rev. 6 532 The molecule contains two 1sσ electrons (1sσ²)..and two 3sσ electrons, and (in NO and O₂) one or two 3ρπ electrons... The second (Greek) letter gives the value of a quantum number λ which does not exist for the atom, (σ, π, δ,…mean λ = 0, 1, 2,…). 1939 J. W. T. Spinks tr. G. Herzberg Molecular Spectra v. 260 For multiplet Σ states the character positive-negative depends on whether K..is even or odd. 1952 L. N. Ferguson Electron Struct. Org. Molecules ii. 21 In butadiene, each carbon atom forms three σ bonds. 1963 W. J. Moore Physical Chem. (ed. 4) xiv. 600 In the electronic excitation an electron is removed from a π orbital and placed in a σ orbital. 1964 R. G. Parr Quantum Theory Molec. Electronic Struct. iii. 41 It is supposed that somehow the effect of the others, the sigma electrons, can be lumped into the Hamiltonian for the pi electrons. 1966 C. S. G. Phillips & R. J. P. Williams Inorg. Chem. II. xxviii. 341 The vinyl anion, C₂H₃⁻, binds directly to cobalt (III) of vitamin B₁₂ as a simple σ-bonded ligand. 1972 C. H. DePuy & O. L. Chapman Molecular Reactions & Photochem. vi. 103 The numbers refer to the atoms at either end of the sigma bond which is thought of as moving. 1978 P. W. Atkins Physical Chem. xv. 471 Thus an oxygen molecule, which..has two π-electrons, could be in either a Σ state (the electrons orbiting in opposite directions) or in a Δ state (the electrons orbiting in the same sense around the bond). b. Particle Physics. Used, usually attributive, to denote any of a triplet of hyperons (and their antiparticles) having an average mass of approximately 1190 MeV (2340 times that of the electron), a spin of ½, zero hypercharge, and unit isospin, and which on decaying usually produce a nucleon and a pion (if charged) or a lambda particle and a photon (if neutral). Frequently written as Σ. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > particle participating in strong interaction > baryon > [noun] > hyperon > one of three sigma1954 1954 Gell-Mann & Pais in Proc. Glasgow Conf. Nuclear & Pleson Physics* (1955) 347 The..apparent existence of both a positive and a negative hyperon which we shall call Σ⁺ with the decay schemes Σ± → N + π± + (∼115 MeV), Σ± → R + π° + (∼115 MeV). 1955 Nuovo Cimento II. 824 An event, interpreted as the disappearance of a charged Σ-hyperon in flight, has been observed..in the Brookhaven cosmotron. 1961 W. S. C. Williams Introd. Elementary Particles xii. 298 Any subsequent Σ decays in flight. 1963 K. W. Ford World of Elem. Particles vi. 179 (caption) A negative pion..collides with a proton and produces two strange particles, a neutral sigma and a neutral kaon... The sigma particle lives too short a time to move a measurable distance.., decaying almost at once into a lambda and a photon. 1976 Sci. Amer. Jan. 46/2 The baryons with the lowest mass are those with a spin of 1/2. There are eight of them: two nucleons (N).., a lambda particle (Λ).., three sigma particles (Σ)..and two cascade particles (Ξ). 4. Biochemistry. elliptical for sigma factor n. at Compounds below. ΚΠ 1970 New Scientist 23 July 176/1 Soon after infection..the phage makes its own sigma, which redirects the host core enzyme to start making a different set of phage proteins. 5. Statistics. A standard deviation: used in the singular as if the name of a unit. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > distribution > variability or spread > measures of quartile deviation1894 standard deviation1895 s.d.1902 subrange1903 range1911 variance1918 span1962 sigma1978 1978 N. R. Ullman Elem. Statistics iii. 68 The difference is 0·5 inches, or, since σ = 0·29..1·72 standard deviations apart or 1·72 σ (1·72 sigma) apart. 1978 N. R. Ullman Elem. Statistics iii. 69 You can express values in terms of sigma or in terms of ‘so many sigma units from the mean’. 1979 Nature 29 Mar. 411/1 On each radiocarbon analysis, one sigma counting errors are given. Compounds sigma factor n. Biochemistry a component of RNA polymerase which determines where transcription begins. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > nucleic acid > RNA > sigma factor sigma factor1969 1969 R. R. Burgess et al. in Nature 4 Jan. 44/2 GG enzyme contains, in addition, two extra bands which we shall designate σ and τ. 1969 R. R. Burgess et al. in Nature 4 Jan. 46/1 The presence of the stimulating factor, σ, greatly enhances the amount of RNA synthesis. 1969 R. R. Burgess et al. in Nature 4 Jan. 46/2 σ and similar factors could..act as positive control elements regulating the amount of synthesis of different classes of RNA.] 1969 Times 9 May 12/6 The sigma factor helps to specify which genes are expressed. 1970 Nature 29 Aug. 886/1 Today sigma factor proteins..are central to all attempts to explain the positive control of gene expression. 1976 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73 3961 (heading) Purification and characterization of a putative sigma factor from Chlamydomonas reinhardi. 1976 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73 4405 (heading) Induction of sigma factor synthesis in Escherichia coli by the N gene product of bacteriophage lambda. Derivatives ˈsigmaspire n. (see quot. 1887). ΚΠ 1887 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 417/2 (Sponges) One of the simplest forms [of microscleres] is the sigmaspire..; it looks like the letter C or S, according to the direction in which it is viewed, its actual form being that of a single turn of a cylindrical spiral. ˈsigmate v. (transitive) to add a sigma or s to (a word, stem, etc.). ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > manner of writing > [verb (transitive)] > add sigma or s to word sigmate1849 1849 T. K. Arnold First Greek Bk. 5 The root of the future is got from the root of the present (or infinitive) by sigmating it. ˈsigmate adj. having the form of a sigma. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > series of curves > [adjective] > having double curve sigmoidal1666 swan-necked1746 sigmoid1786 swan-neck1844 sigmate1887 goose-necked1907 1887 Amer. Naturalist 21 937 [Sponges] with sigmate flesh-spicules. sigmated adj. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > manner of writing > [adjective] > sigma or s added to word sigmated1849 sigmatic1888 1849 T. K. Arnold First Greek Bk. 22 The first Aorist of the Active is formed by adding ᾰ to the sigmated root..and prefixing the augment. 1889 Notes & Queries 7th Ser. 8 216/2 The question of the plural treatment, or otherwise, of some sigmated words is fair matter for discussion. sigmatic adj. /sɪɡˈmætɪk/ characterized by the addition of sigma or s to the stem. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > manner of writing > [adjective] > sigma or s added to word sigmated1849 sigmatic1888 1888 J. E. King & C. Cookson Princ. Sound & Inflexion Greek & Lat. xv. 444 The inflexions of the sigmatic aorist. 1897 Trans. Philol. Soc. 233 We have also a subjunctive of the sigmatic aorist. sigˈmation n. the addition of s to a word, etc. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > manner of writing > [noun] > marked use or repetition of letter s > addition of s to word sigmation1889 1889 Notes & Queries 7th Ser. 7 142/1 This fondness for pluralizing..is constantly showing itself both in a purely senseless sigmation and in a duplication of the plural ending. ˈsigmatism n. (a) the marked use or repetition of s; an instance of this; (b) defective articulation of sibilants. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > defective or inarticulate speech > [noun] > specific disorders or faults tongue-tiedness1598 plateasm1656 tongue-tying1762 paraphonia1772 lullaby-speech1822 cleft palate1847 paralalia1848 logoneurosis1857 zetacism1860 alogia1864 lallation1864 lambdacism1864 semi-mute1864 heterophemy1875 agrammatism1877 bradyphrasia1877 heterophasia1877 logopathy1877 paragraphia1877 paralexia1877 paraphasia1877 paraphrasia1877 verbigeration1877 recurring utterance1878 word blindness1878 word deafness1878 scanning1887 sigmatism1888 idioglossia1891 staccato utterance1898 word salad1904 palilalia1908 paragrammatism1924 idiolalia1930 dysprosody1947 Broca's aphasia1959 society > communication > writing > manner of writing > [noun] > marked use or repetition of letter s sigmatismus1887 sigmatism1888 1888 A. H. Buck Ref. Handbk. Med. Sci. VI. 617/1 Lisping, or Sigmatism, is the most common form of stammering. It consists of giving s a wrong sound, usually that of th, by carrying the tip of the tongue too far forward, so as to touch the upper teeth. 1889 Classical Rev. 3 270 The sigmatism is quite Ovidian. 1891 Athenæum 21 Feb. 246/2 Sophocles, ‘O.T.’ 425, should have been quoted as the most remarkable, and at the same time effective, example of sigmatism in Greek tragedy. 1933 S. M. Stinchfield Speech Disorders iv. 76 The boys led in the number of cases of sigmatism, stuttering.., deafness and speech defects as a whole. 1957 Dental Practitioner VII. 220/2 Speech may be ‘thick’, which I tend to associate with the large tongue and the lateral sigmatism which suggests tongue behaviour. 1965 W. R. Brain Speech Disorders 154 Various disorders of the production of s (sigmatism) have been recognized. sigmaˈtismus n. = sigmatism n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > manner of writing > [noun] > marked use or repetition of letter s sigmatismus1887 sigmatism1888 1887 Q. Rev. Oct. 369 There are three inseparable necessities which may be remembered by a sigmatismus—site, soil, and sympathy. ˈsigmatize v. [compare late Greek σιγματίζειν] transitive to mark with the letter s. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > marking > marking to identify > be distinctive mark on [verb (transitive)] > put identifying mark on > with letters or initials sigmatize1655 initial1864 1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 145 Mr. Prynne..was..to be stigmatized, or if you will sigmatized, on both Cheeks with the letter S for a Schismatick. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1607
随便看	lose one's week lose one's wool lose one'the voice lose or spill one's while lose out lose patience, one's temper lose plant lose run of lose serve lose sight of lose sleep about lose sleep for lose sleep over lose stock and block lose the day lose the duke lose the exchange lose the fang lose the number of one's mess lose the plot lose the run of lose the run of oneself lose the scent lose the sheep dialect ship for a ha'p'orth of tar lose the sheep for a ha'p'orth of tar