simonyn.

Brit.

/ˈsɪməni/,

/ˈsʌɪməni/, U.S.

/ˈsɪməni/,

/ˈsaɪməni/

Forms: Middle English semonye, Middle English symoni, Middle English–1600s simonie, Middle English–1600s simonye, Middle English–1600s symonie, Middle English–1600s symonye, Middle English–1800s symony, 1500s simoni, 1500s–1600s simmonie, 1500s–1600s simmony, 1500s–1600s symmonie, 1500s–1600s symmony, 1500s– simony; also Scottish pre-1700 symone, pre-1700 symony.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French symonie; Latin simonia.

Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French symonie, simonie (late 12th cent.; French simonie ), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin simonia the buying or selling of ecclesiastical or spiritual benefits (11th cent.; frequently from 12th cent. in British sources) < the name of Simon Magus , who offered money to the Apostles in return for receiving spiritual gifts (Acts 8:18–19) + -ia -y suffix³.Compare Old Occitan simonia, Catalan simonia (14th cent.), Spanish simonia (13th cent.), Portuguese simonia (14th cent.), Italian simonia (13th cent.), and also Old Frisian simonīe (West Frisian simonie), Middle Dutch simonie (Dutch simonie), Middle Low German simonīe, simonigge, Middle High German simonīe (German Simonie). Pronunciation variation. N.E.D. (1910) gives only the pronunciation (si·mŏni) /ˈsɪmənɪ/.

Christian Church. Now chiefly historical.

a. The buying or selling of ecclesiastical or spiritual benefits; esp. the sale or purchase of preferment or office in the church. Also sometimes more generally: trading in sacred things.Formerly frequently with capital initial, probably at least partly as a result of continuing association with the name of Simon Magus (see etymology).

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > benefice > simony > [noun]

simony?c1225

barratry1427

giesetryec1430

simonism1844

barratorship1884

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 151 Simonie gauel. Hoker.

c1300 St. Edmund Rich (Laud) l. 150, 151 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 435 Wel vnneþe he it fond with-oute symonie. Simonie so is i-cleoped foreward for-to make to bugge liflode of holie churche.

J. Gaytryge Lay Folks' Catech. (York Min.) (1901) l. 511 Wrangwisely to gete any thing That oure likyng or oure loue lightes opon, Als be sacrilege or be symonie.

a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 5511 Symonye ys, as men telle, when ȝyftys of holy cherche men selle.

?c1430 (?1383) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 328 Siche curatis..comen not into here benefices bi þe dore,..but symonye, pride, and coveitise.

1483 tr. Adam of Eynsham Reuelation xlvi He tolde me that for the synne of symony that he dyd,..he had sofryd ful greuys peynys.

a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) ii. xvii. sig. L.iiii If he come therto by simoni, or by some such other euil meane.

1580 T. Lupton Siuqila 11 Then I thinke none is admitted into that function with you, that intrude themselves into it by giftes or Simonie.

c1616 R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) iv. 1355 But Simonie is now soe common growne, That 'tis account noe sinne, if kept vnknowne.

1664 H. More Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity 434 Those Revenues and Preferments which Simony..had made mere Merchandise.

1707 R. Nelson Compan. Festivals & Fasts (ed. 4) ii. x. 601 The Christian Church..proceeded with great severity against such as were found guilty of Simony.

1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. 278 By simony, the right of presentation to a living is forfeited, and vested pro hac vice in the crown.

1823 J. Lingard Hist. Eng. VI. 223 A pontiff unfit for his station through ignorance, incapable of holding it through simony.

1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest V. 315 In his ecclesiastical patronage Stephen stands vaguely charged with Simony.

1907 Catholic Encycl. I. 286/2 He did not spare even his protector, Anno of Cologne, whom he..summoned..in 1070 to purge himself of the charge of simony.

1985 A. Kenny Path from Rome (1986) vii. 94 No charge was made for the relic, of course—that would have been simony.

2004 R. H. Helmholz Oxf. Hist. Laws Eng. I. ix. 483 A common ground for claiming invalidity of a presentment was that it had involved simony.

b. Also with capital initial. This practice personified. Now rare.

ΚΠ

c1330 Simonie (Auch.) (1991) l. 18 Treuþe..dar..noht shewen him..for feerd. If Symonie may mete wid him, he wole shaken his berd.

c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. ii. l. 37 Sir Simonye is of-sent to asseale þe Chartres.

a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 5538 (MED) Cursed be syr symonye.

?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 12 For now is Simonye kyng crouned in holy chirche.

1588 ‘M. Marprelate’ Epistle (1843) 25 I thinke Simonie be the bishops lacky.

a1634 J. Day Peregrinatio Scholastica (Sloane 3150) f. 30 I haue but a poore vicoridge w^ch one M^r. Symon-Monye or more familiarlie sym-monie helpt me too.

1679 Weekly Pacquet Advice from Rome 10 Jan. 40 Dame Bribery and Dame Simony, the appointed Godmothers, went next in serious consultation.

a1824 Ld. Byron Wks. (1831) 748/1 For who ever would be A guest where old Simony enters?

1963 D. Wagoner Nesting Ground 42 Ambition rolled with Simony in the streets.

c. In extended use: the sale or purchase of office, position, privileges, etc. Also figurative: any practice likened to simony (sense 1a). Frequently with preceding adjective.

ΚΠ

1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 83 Which foule abuse is nothing else but a meere mentall Simonie, vsurie, sacriledge and most impious hypocrisie.

1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso i. lxxvii. 103 The prevarications of Advocates, the Symony used of Judges.

1741 E. Young Poet. Wks. II. 137 'Tis arrant Simony to sing for Gold: 'Tis Immortality shou'd fire your Mind.

1753 Independent Reflector 25 Jan. 35 None of them have been guilty of this political Simony, of purchasing their Posts.

1817 J. Bentham Def. Econ. against G. Rose 320 How often have not seats..been in this way obtained—and this even without any such imputation as that of the sin..of Parliamentary simony?

1882 E. J. Simcox Episodes Lives of Men, Women, & Lovers v. 132 He had been wont to call it simony if men sold work done by skilled hands while the heart and thoughts were far away!

1927 N.Y. Times 25 Sept. ii. 8/7 The record of General Primo de Rivera speaks for itself. No more anarchy, discipline restored,..an end of favoritism and political simony, [etc.].

1999 Times 28 June 21/5 So now we can add simony to nepotism among the vices at the dear old Beeb.

2013 Guardian (Nexis) 10 July [He] claimed the practice had become nothing more than ‘simony’—the selling of public office.

2. The money paid in simony (sense 1a or 1c); money used to purchase a position. rare.In quot. 1707 in extended use: a tip.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > benefice > simony > [noun] > money paid in

simony1598

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > [noun] > tip

bountethc1440

gratitude1535

vail1605

gratulance1608

gratilitya1616

spill1675

baksheesh1686

simony1707

perquisite1721

tip1755

grace1769

buckshee1773

mancia1798

bonus1834

pouch1880

gravy1910

étrenne1928

sling1948

small1962

toke1971

1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie ii. v. sig. E4 What though pale Maurus paid huge symonies For his halfe-dozen gelded vicaries.

1707 G. Farquhar Beaux Stratagem ii. 15 Then I, Sir, tips me the Verger with half a Crown; he pockets the Simony, and Inducts me into the best Pue in the Church.

1993 G. J. Buelow Late Baroque Era vi. 200 The reason was Bach's refusal to pay simony of 4000 marks into the church coffers.

Compounds

General attributive.

ΚΠ

1827 Jackson's Oxf. Jrnl. 14 Apr. The decision on the Simony case, Fletcher v. Lord Sondes.

1858 G. A. Sala in Welcome Guest 26 June 137/1 If you have a fancy to see Simony sales by auction, and advowsons..knocked down for so many pounds sterling.

1993 A. Cameron et al. Barbarians & Polit. at Court of Arcadius 405 Chrysostom paid his protracted visit to Ephesus to settle the simony suit between Eusebius of Valentinopolis and Antoninus of Ephesus.

2003 Dublin Hist. Rec. 56 138 The simony charge was made because Dr Bouhéreau had agreed to give his books to the library when he was made librarian.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	simony
释义	simonyn. Brit. /ˈsɪməni/, /ˈsʌɪməni/, U.S. /ˈsɪməni/, /ˈsaɪməni/ Forms: Middle English semonye, Middle English symoni, Middle English–1600s simonie, Middle English–1600s simonye, Middle English–1600s symonie, Middle English–1600s symonye, Middle English–1800s symony, 1500s simoni, 1500s–1600s simmonie, 1500s–1600s simmony, 1500s–1600s symmonie, 1500s–1600s symmony, 1500s– simony; also Scottish pre-1700 symone, pre-1700 symony. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French symonie; Latin simonia. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French symonie, simonie (late 12th cent.; French simonie ), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin simonia the buying or selling of ecclesiastical or spiritual benefits (11th cent.; frequently from 12th cent. in British sources) < the name of Simon Magus , who offered money to the Apostles in return for receiving spiritual gifts (Acts 8:18–19) + -ia -y suffix³.Compare Old Occitan simonia, Catalan simonia (14th cent.), Spanish simonia (13th cent.), Portuguese simonia (14th cent.), Italian simonia (13th cent.), and also Old Frisian simonīe (West Frisian simonie), Middle Dutch simonie (Dutch simonie), Middle Low German simonīe, simonigge, Middle High German simonīe (German Simonie). Pronunciation variation. N.E.D. (1910) gives only the pronunciation (si·mŏni) /ˈsɪmənɪ/. Christian Church. Now chiefly historical. 1. a. The buying or selling of ecclesiastical or spiritual benefits; esp. the sale or purchase of preferment or office in the church. Also sometimes more generally: trading in sacred things.Formerly frequently with capital initial, probably at least partly as a result of continuing association with the name of Simon Magus (see etymology). ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > benefice > simony > [noun] simony?c1225 barratry1427 giesetryec1430 simonism1844 barratorship1884 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 151 Simonie gauel. Hoker. c1300 St. Edmund Rich (Laud) l. 150, 151 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 435 Wel vnneþe he it fond with-oute symonie. Simonie so is i-cleoped foreward for-to make to bugge liflode of holie churche. J. Gaytryge Lay Folks' Catech. (York Min.) (1901) l. 511 Wrangwisely to gete any thing That oure likyng or oure loue lightes opon, Als be sacrilege or be symonie. a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 5511 Symonye ys, as men telle, when ȝyftys of holy cherche men selle. ?c1430 (?1383) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 328 Siche curatis..comen not into here benefices bi þe dore,..but symonye, pride, and coveitise. 1483 tr. Adam of Eynsham Reuelation xlvi He tolde me that for the synne of symony that he dyd,..he had sofryd ful greuys peynys. a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) ii. xvii. sig. L.iiii If he come therto by simoni, or by some such other euil meane. 1580 T. Lupton Siuqila 11 Then I thinke none is admitted into that function with you, that intrude themselves into it by giftes or Simonie. c1616 R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) iv. 1355 But Simonie is now soe common growne, That 'tis account noe sinne, if kept vnknowne. 1664 H. More Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity 434 Those Revenues and Preferments which Simony..had made mere Merchandise. 1707 R. Nelson Compan. Festivals & Fasts (ed. 4) ii. x. 601 The Christian Church..proceeded with great severity against such as were found guilty of Simony. 1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. 278 By simony, the right of presentation to a living is forfeited, and vested pro hac vice in the crown. 1823 J. Lingard Hist. Eng. VI. 223 A pontiff unfit for his station through ignorance, incapable of holding it through simony. 1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest V. 315 In his ecclesiastical patronage Stephen stands vaguely charged with Simony. 1907 Catholic Encycl. I. 286/2 He did not spare even his protector, Anno of Cologne, whom he..summoned..in 1070 to purge himself of the charge of simony. 1985 A. Kenny Path from Rome (1986) vii. 94 No charge was made for the relic, of course—that would have been simony. 2004 R. H. Helmholz Oxf. Hist. Laws Eng. I. ix. 483 A common ground for claiming invalidity of a presentment was that it had involved simony. b. Also with capital initial. This practice personified. Now rare. ΚΠ c1330 Simonie (Auch.) (1991) l. 18 Treuþe..dar..noht shewen him..for feerd. If Symonie may mete wid him, he wole shaken his berd. c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. ii. l. 37 Sir Simonye is of-sent to asseale þe Chartres. a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 5538 (MED) Cursed be syr symonye. ?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 12 For now is Simonye kyng crouned in holy chirche. 1588 ‘M. Marprelate’ Epistle (1843) 25 I thinke Simonie be the bishops lacky. a1634 J. Day Peregrinatio Scholastica (Sloane 3150) f. 30 I haue but a poore vicoridge w^ch one M^r. Symon-Monye or more familiarlie sym-monie helpt me too. 1679 Weekly Pacquet Advice from Rome 10 Jan. 40 Dame Bribery and Dame Simony, the appointed Godmothers, went next in serious consultation. a1824 Ld. Byron Wks. (1831) 748/1 For who ever would be A guest where old Simony enters? 1963 D. Wagoner Nesting Ground 42 Ambition rolled with Simony in the streets. c. In extended use: the sale or purchase of office, position, privileges, etc. Also figurative: any practice likened to simony (sense 1a). Frequently with preceding adjective. ΚΠ 1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 83 Which foule abuse is nothing else but a meere mentall Simonie, vsurie, sacriledge and most impious hypocrisie. 1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso i. lxxvii. 103 The prevarications of Advocates, the Symony used of Judges. 1741 E. Young Poet. Wks. II. 137 'Tis arrant Simony to sing for Gold: 'Tis Immortality shou'd fire your Mind. 1753 Independent Reflector 25 Jan. 35 None of them have been guilty of this political Simony, of purchasing their Posts. 1817 J. Bentham Def. Econ. against G. Rose 320 How often have not seats..been in this way obtained—and this even without any such imputation as that of the sin..of Parliamentary simony? 1882 E. J. Simcox Episodes Lives of Men, Women, & Lovers v. 132 He had been wont to call it simony if men sold work done by skilled hands while the heart and thoughts were far away! 1927 N.Y. Times 25 Sept. ii. 8/7 The record of General Primo de Rivera speaks for itself. No more anarchy, discipline restored,..an end of favoritism and political simony, [etc.]. 1999 Times 28 June 21/5 So now we can add simony to nepotism among the vices at the dear old Beeb. 2013 Guardian (Nexis) 10 July [He] claimed the practice had become nothing more than ‘simony’—the selling of public office. 2. The money paid in simony (sense 1a or 1c); money used to purchase a position. rare.In quot. 1707 in extended use: a tip. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > benefice > simony > [noun] > money paid in simony1598 society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > [noun] > tip bountethc1440 gratitude1535 vail1605 gratulance1608 gratilitya1616 spill1675 baksheesh1686 simony1707 perquisite1721 tip1755 grace1769 buckshee1773 mancia1798 bonus1834 pouch1880 gravy1910 étrenne1928 sling1948 small1962 toke1971 1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie ii. v. sig. E4 What though pale Maurus paid huge symonies For his halfe-dozen gelded vicaries. 1707 G. Farquhar Beaux Stratagem ii. 15 Then I, Sir, tips me the Verger with half a Crown; he pockets the Simony, and Inducts me into the best Pue in the Church. 1993 G. J. Buelow Late Baroque Era vi. 200 The reason was Bach's refusal to pay simony of 4000 marks into the church coffers. Compounds General attributive. ΚΠ 1827 Jackson's Oxf. Jrnl. 14 Apr. The decision on the Simony case, Fletcher v. Lord Sondes. 1858 G. A. Sala in Welcome Guest 26 June 137/1 If you have a fancy to see Simony sales by auction, and advowsons..knocked down for so many pounds sterling. 1993 A. Cameron et al. Barbarians & Polit. at Court of Arcadius 405 Chrysostom paid his protracted visit to Ephesus to settle the simony suit between Eusebius of Valentinopolis and Antoninus of Ephesus. 2003 Dublin Hist. Rec. 56 138 The simony charge was made because Dr Bouhéreau had agreed to give his books to the library when he was made librarian. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?c1225
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