sinceadv.adj.prep.conj.n.

Brit.

/sɪns/, U.S.

/sɪns/

Forms: α. Middle English synnes, Middle English–1500s syns, 1500s sins, synz, synce, cynce; Middle English– since. β. Middle English sennes, 1500s seens, sennys, sens, senz, 1500s, 1800s sence, 1600s cence.

Etymology: Reduced form of sithence adv., conj., and prep., or < sin adv. + -s suffix¹. Compare Dutch sinds.

A. adv. (and adj.)

a. Then, thereupon; immediately afterwards.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adverb] > after, afterwards, or later > immediately afterwards

thereright971

rightc1175

anonc1225

at (the) nextc1275

hereuponc1385

nexta1387

thereona1400

thereupona1400

synea1425

sincec1450

nextly1572

whereon1600

c1450 Langland's P. Pl. C. v. 15 Conscience..seide hym as þe kyng saide and sitthe [Ilchester MS. synnes] tok hus leue.

c1450 Langland's P. Pl. C. xii. 171 In a myrour..hue made me to loke, And sutthe [v.r. sennes] seide to me [etc.].

1483 in H. E. Malden Cely Papers (1900) 139 They were..browght upp theyr and syns sworne unto the jurdyccyon of the towne.

1569 E. Spenser tr. J. du Bellay Sonets in T. Roest tr. J. van der Noot Theatre Worldlings sig. C.iii^v I hearde the tronke to grone... And since I saw the roote..Sende forth againe a twinne of forked trees.

†b. since..since (or sith): Now..then. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 841/2 Synce on the one syde, synce on the other, puis dung cousté, puis de laultre.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 884/1 Syns on the one syde and sythe on the other.

†c. Now, already. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > [adverb] > in advance or beforehand

yeteOE

forea1225

beforehand?c1225

alreadyc1300

forrow1489

aforehanda1500

sincea1556

tofore1597

forwarda1604

preventively1646

anticipatelya1677

ahead1835

anticipatively1864

anticipatorily1878

a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) i. iii. sig. B.iij^v Haue we done singyng since? then will I in againe.

a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) iii. v. sig. E.iiij^v But lo and Merygreeke haue not brought him sens?

2. From that time till now. In positive clauses implying continuity of action, etc., and commonly strengthened by ever.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adverb] > since > continuously or ever since

sithOE

sithenOE

sithence?a1425

syne?a1425

since1470

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur ix. xli. 407 Euer syns he hath kepte me at his owne will.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) iv. i. 2 You know since Pentecost the sum is due, And since I haue not much importun'd you.

1623 W. Lisle in tr. Ælfric Saxon Treat. Old & New Test. Introd. Where they..have lived in sorrow and paines~taking ever since.

1658 J. Jones tr. Ovid Invective against Ibis 36 He [Midas] washed himself in this river and was restored; Since the streams are feigned to be golden.

1731 Gentleman's Mag. 1 391/1 Bluster..quitted the Surgery in a Pet, and has liv'd in the Country ever since.

1824 R. Southey in Corr. w. Caroline Bowles 62 The first of these inverterate catarrhs, which I never failed to have every year since.

1885 Law Times 80 118/1 In 1879 he went abroad, and had ever since remained abroad.

a. Within the period, at some or any time, between then and now; subsequently, later.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adverb] > since

sithenOE

sitha1350

sithence1529

since1549

1549 H. Latimer 2nd Serm. before Kynges Maiestie 4th Serm. sig. Mv I heard once a tale of a thinge y^t was done at Oxford xx. yeres ago, & the like hath bene sence in realme.

?1553 Respublica (1952) ii. ii. 18 And beholde where he is retourned againe seens.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 36 It was written and since is lost.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) iv. iv. 79 My bones beares witnesse, That since haue felt the vigor of his rage.

1629 J. Wadsworth Eng. Spanish Pilgrime i. 4 Her foure children, Hugh the eldest, since dead in Madrid [etc.].

1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. ix. 84 I am since informed that swearing is now perfectly unfashionable.

1794 J. O'Keeffe Wild Oats (new ed.) i. i. 3 That rogue's trick you play'd poor Miss Amelia, by..leaving her..and since marrying another lady.

1833 T. Hook Parson's Daughter III. xi. 285 More like Noah's Ark than any thing that has been since seen floating upon the face of the waters.

1885 Spectator 8 Aug. 1041/1 This was dimly felt at the time and has been more distinctly recognised since.

in combination.1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. ii. 401 A vaste multitude Of since-borne mongrels.1876 W. E. Gladstone in Westm. Gaz. 31 Dec. (1894) 1/3 The since-promoted agents of the Turkish Government.

b. As adj. That has been since. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adjective] > later > that has been since

since1605

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 281 That first trauell had no sympathie With our since-trauailes wretched crueltie.

c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1641 (1955) II. 36 Eldest sonne of the since Earle of Norwich.

1849 J. A. Froude Nemesis of Faith 116 My since experience of Sunday evenings.

4. Ago; before now. With time specified, or preceded by long.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the past > [adverb] > ago

agoc1350

sitha1375

hencea1382

sithena1400

agone1420

sin1490

sithence1537

since1555

syne1573

ygo1579

aback1768

back1797

pass1971

α.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xciiij The cause..of that sedition, was declared also foure yeares synce in the assembly.

1595 Blanchardine & Eglantine liv. 213 Long time since..shee fell sicke and died.

1624 R. Montagu in J. Cosin Corr. 12 Dec. (1872) I. xxi. 32 Though his minde had ben that way 20 yeares since.

1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo 226 in Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors It is certain..the Chineses have some Books printed above seven hundred years since.

1721 in J. J. Babson Hist. Glouc., Mass. in Webster's Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. (1890) Captain Robinson..built the first of that sort about eight years since.

a1774 O. Goldsmith tr. P. Scarron Comic Romance (1775) I. vi. 33 A merchant from Lower-Maine bespoke it not half an hour since.

1823 T. De Quincey Lett. Young Man in London Mag. Mar. 330/2 The mere rubbishy sweepings from the works of literatuli long since defunct.

1862 T. L. Peacock Deceived in Wks. (1875) III. 309 He went out a little while since.

β. 1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions i. vi. 94 That nacion had long sence bene vttrely destroied.., excepte [etc.].1597 in A. Feuillerat Documents Office of Revels Queen Elizabeth (1908) 417 Beinge longe sence signed by her Majeste.

B. prep.

1. Ever or continuously from (a specified time, etc.) till now.

ΚΠ

α.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 812/2 Syns that daye, puis ce jour la.

1562 in F. J. Furnivall Child-marriages, Divorces, & Ratifications Diocese Chester (1897) 49 The said John Starkie is xiiij yeres of age, and as muche as sins Whitsonday-Monday last past.

1611 Bible (King James) Gen. xxx. 30 The Lord hath blessed thee since my comming.

1734 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. I. 255 It was now five months and a half since his first setting out.

1780 Mirror No. 103 I inherited a law-suit, kept alive by various means, ever since the year thirty~three.

1807 W. Wordsworth Poems I. 23 I'm as great as they,..Since the day I found thee out.

1861 W. M. Thackeray Four Georges iv. 168 He sleeps since thirty years.

β. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 John iii. 8 The deuell synneth sence y^e begynnynge.1565 T. Stapleton tr. F. Staphylus Apologie 168 b For sence the time of S. Gregory only,..we englishmen haue had the faith of Christ.1882 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. Sence, a contracted form of O.E. sithens.

2. During the period between (a specified time) and now; at some time subsequent to or after.

ΚΠ

α.

1544 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Court of Requests (1898) 70 The seid sir John..synz his entre in to the seid lordshipe..haith gotten..dyuerse of the seid copiez of courte roll.

1582 in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1908) 5 27 Hee hathe said vj or vij Masses cynce his cuminge over.

1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ v. xxxi. 34 My last was of the first current, since which I receav'd one from your Lordship.

1676 J. Glanvill Ess. iii. 9 Diophantus, who lived long since the times of Aristotle.

1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho III. ix. 329 Sounds, which, since that period, have there sunk almost into silence.

1808 W. Scott Marmion i. xxii. 5 Even our good chaplain..Since our last siege, we have not seen.

1837 P. Keith Bot. Lexicon 115 Many advances have been made in carpological investigation since the time of Gærtner.

1880 R. W. Church Spenser i. 25 They seem to have changed since Spenser's time.

β. 1515 A. Williamson in Douglas's Wks. (1874) I. Introd. p. xxi The Kyng..has sent now sens Cristmes an vysse clerk off his Consell.1533 J. Frith Bk. answeringe Mores Let. sig. Cvi I receiued a letter from him, which was written sens Chrystmas.1552 W. Powell's Chron. Yeres (title page) The noble Actes done in and sens the reigne of Kyng Henry the fourthe.1637 Hobart in Verney P. (1853) 190 There has bine nothing don cence the taking in of the hornworke.

C. conj. (and n.)

I. From the time that.

1. Denoting a point of time to which the action or event mentioned is subsequent.

ΚΠ

α.

14.. Langland's P. Pl. B. x. 224 (MS. Rawl.) Was neuer gome vpoun þis grounde, synnes god made þe worlde, Fairer vnderfonge, ne frendloker at ese, Þanne me self.

1511 Pylgrymage Richarde Guylforde (Pynson) f. li We sayled further that nyghte thanne we dyde in any daye syns we departed from Iaffe.

1588 T. Kyd tr. T. Tasso Housholders Philos. f. 8^v A small patrimonie,..twise as much encreased since my father left it.

1611 Bible (King James) Exod. ix. 24 There was none like it in..Egypt, since it became a nation.

1757 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful v. §5. 176 Since I wrote these papers I found two very striking instances [etc.].

1776 Trial Maha Rajah Nundocomar for Forgery 23/1 Has he ever been out since he was last at the court house?

1825 W. Scott Betrothed xi, in Tales Crusaders II. 231 Since you went hence we have received certain notice, that [etc.].

1876 Ld. Tennyson Harold i. i. 5 Albeit no rolling stone,..Thou hast rounded since we met.

β. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xix. 2 Have ye receaved the holy gost sence ye beleved?1548 H. Latimer Notable Serm. sig. B.iiii Sence lordyng and loiteryng hath come vp, preaching hathe come downe.

a. Following upon a statement (or inquiry) as to the duration of the period in question.

ΚΠ

α.

1557 Bible (Whittingham) Acts xxiv. 11 There are yet but twelue dayes since I went vp to Ierusalem.

a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) i. ii. 70 How long ist Count Since the Physitian at your fathers died?

1661 I. Walton Compl. Angler (ed. 3) v. 124 It is so long since I learnt it, that I have forgot a part of it.

1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 32. ⁋2 Nor is it so very long since Richard the Third set up half the Backs of the Nation.

1753 S. Foote Englishman in Paris ii. 37 'Tis an Age since I saw you.

1780 Mirror No. 95 It is now above four years since I became the wife of a gentleman.

1825 W. Scott Betrothed v, in Tales Crusaders I. 92 It is long since the kites have had such a banquet.

1883 Daily News 22 Sept. 4/5 It is just a fortnight since Mr. Gladstone embarked.

β. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Josh. xiv. C It is now fyue and fortie yeare sence y^e Lorde spake this vnto Moses.1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Cum It is two yere, sens he came to me first.

b. Used in place of ‘that’.

ΚΠ

a1645 W. Browne tr. M. Le Roy Hist. Polexander (1647) ii. ii. 194 It is..five moneths now, since these honor'd personages have suffer'd..indignities in these Dungeons.

a1774 O. Goldsmith tr. P. Scarron Comic Romance (1775) I. xxviii. 313 Though it is now fourscore years since he has plagued all those who have any dependence on him, yet he is so well in health [etc.].

1804 C. Smith Conversations I. 162 It is near four months since Ella has been away.

c. As quasi-n. rare.

ΚΠ

1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 157 My Friend..knoweth no History but some ten or twelve Sinces in his Almanack: How long since the World was created.

1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 298 The most famous of thy Exploits will not be eminent enough to make an Almanacks Since.

a. In sentences implying continuity of action or fact during the period indicated. Also with ever, and (rarely) with that.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > future [conjunction] > since > since the time indicated

since1535

α.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. i. 82 The iealous..widdow and her selfe, Since that our brother dubd them gentlewomen, Are mighty gossips.

a1645 W. Browne tr. M. Le Roy Hist. Polexander (1647) ii. ii. 194 Ever since I have been able to carry Armes, I have try'd divers wayes to [etc.].

1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler ii We were here an hour before Sun-rise, and have given her no rest since we came.

1697 J. Vanbrugh Relapse i. 13 Here have you stood ever since you came in.

1779 Mirror No. 25 My gardener has tied his hair behind..ever since he saw Mr. Papillot.

1816 J. Wilson City of Plague i. i. 122 Thus have I been since first the Plague burst forth.

1863 J. W. Carlyle Lett. III. 155 She has lived in England since she was ten years old.

1877 ‘Mrs. Forrester’ Mignon I. 253 I have known him ever since he was in petticoats.

β. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Pet. iii. 4 For sence the fathers fell on slepe, euery thinge contynueth as it was from the begynnynge.1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at A Euer sens thou waste a yonge man.

†b. With verbs of recollection: When; the time when. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream ii. i. 149 Thou remembrest, Since once I sat vpon a promontory [etc.] .

a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) v. i. 218 Remember, since you ow'd no more to Time Then I doe now.

1690 J. Child Disc. Trade i. 41 He can remember Since we had not above three Merchants Ships of 300 Tuns.

c. In various, chiefly jocular, comparisons, as since Christ was a corporal, etc. colloquial (chiefly U.S. and Military).

ΚΠ

a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) iii. ii. 15 And they haue beene grand Iurie men, since before Noah was a Saylor.

1818 J. Keats Endymion ii. 74 Never, I aver, Since Ariadne was a vintager, So cool a purple.

1900 I. L. Reeves Bamboo Tales 20 Private McCoy..had been in the service since George Washington was a ‘lance jack’.

1921 J. Dos Passos Three Soldiers ii. ii. 75 Ain't had any pay since Christ was a corporal. I've forgotten what it looks like.

1961 E. Partridge Dict. Slang (ed. 5) II. 1274/2 Since Pontius was a pilot, as in ‘He's been in that mob since..’ R.A.F. c[atch] p[hrase], testifying to long service: since ca. 1944.

1970 N.Y. Post 7 Apr. 5 Dana Stone had been in Vietnam since Christ was a corporal, as the grunts in the field would say.

d. since when?: used elliptically as an inquiry into the duration of a state of affairs mentioned in a previous statement (frequently expressing doubt or incredulity); also, with full interrogative clause. colloquial.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > making inquiries [phrase]

how so?a1375

what, how seemeth you?1485

what reck?a1513

what is the matter?c1520

what about ——1662

what's the row?1810

how come?1848

whassa1906

since when?1907

what'sa matter1935

the world > time > duration > [adverb] > since when?

since when?1907

1907 G. B. Shaw John Bull's Other Island iv. 84 Broadbent (very solemnly): No: I am a teetotaller. Aunt Judy (incredulously): Arra since when?

1966 ‘G. Black’ You want to die, Johnny? v. 105 ‘Lil's disappeared.’.. ‘Since when?’

1977 C. Watson One Man's Meat vii. 64 ‘Since when has Digger's father been a V.C.?’ ‘Since when has Digger had a father?’

II. Because or since that; inasmuch as.

a. Because that; seeing that; inasmuch as.

ΚΠ

α.

1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus ii. i. sig. Iiij Go to, let it be,..syns it lyketh so.

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 7^v Sins it is not yet dinner tyme, let vs walke about.

1595 Blanchardine & Eglantine liv. 213 But since all humane flesh is mortall,..what auailes my sorowful grones and passions?

1611 A. Stafford Niobe 152 Whereunto I giue credit, since his succeeders do the same.

1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. ii. 102 But since no reason can confute yee, I'l try to force you to your Duty.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 215. ¶4 Since I am engaged on this Subject, I cannot forbear mentioning a Story [etc.].

1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield II. vi. 106 What signifies..courting his friendship, since you find how scurvily he uses you.

1833 H. Martineau Briery Creek iii. 59 You shall have them cheap, since there is but a poor demand for them to-day.

1895 Manch. Guardian 14 Oct. 5/6 All the tunnelling has to be done..by the pick, since boring machines cannot be used.

β. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xxiv. 71 Sennys he spekyth of god, me thynke we ought to speke to hym.?1553 Respublica (1952) v. vi. 53 But sens Respublica hathe putt me to exile where maye I goo?

b. So since that.

ΚΠ

1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance Pref. sig. aiv The sayd prouerb semeth by hym which lacked lerninge, to be deuised, sens that he preferrith ignorance before kunninge.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) ii. i. 113 Since that my beautie cannot please his eie, Ile weepe (what's left away).

1639 R. Gentilis tr. P. Sarpi Hist. Inquisition 74 Since that by the Princes Ministers, such a disorder is put in practise.

1683 T. Creech tr. Lucretius De Natura Rerum (ed. 2) ii. 55 For since that men born blind..Know things by touch [etc.].

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	since
释义	sinceadv.adj.prep.conj.n. Brit. /sɪns/, U.S. /sɪns/ Forms: α. Middle English synnes, Middle English–1500s syns, 1500s sins, synz, synce, cynce; Middle English– since. β. Middle English sennes, 1500s seens, sennys, sens, senz, 1500s, 1800s sence, 1600s cence. Etymology: Reduced form of sithence adv., conj., and prep., or < sin adv. + -s suffix¹. Compare Dutch sinds. A. adv. (and adj.) 1. a. Then, thereupon; immediately afterwards. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adverb] > after, afterwards, or later > immediately afterwards thereright971 rightc1175 anonc1225 at (the) nextc1275 hereuponc1385 nexta1387 thereona1400 thereupona1400 synea1425 sincec1450 nextly1572 whereon1600 c1450 Langland's P. Pl. C. v. 15 Conscience..seide hym as þe kyng saide and sitthe [Ilchester MS. synnes] tok hus leue. c1450 Langland's P. Pl. C. xii. 171 In a myrour..hue made me to loke, And sutthe [v.r. sennes] seide to me [etc.]. 1483 in H. E. Malden Cely Papers (1900) 139 They were..browght upp theyr and syns sworne unto the jurdyccyon of the towne. 1569 E. Spenser tr. J. du Bellay Sonets in T. Roest tr. J. van der Noot Theatre Worldlings sig. C.iii^v I hearde the tronke to grone... And since I saw the roote..Sende forth againe a twinne of forked trees. †b. since..since (or sith): Now..then. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 841/2 Synce on the one syde, synce on the other, puis dung cousté, puis de laultre. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 884/1 Syns on the one syde and sythe on the other. †c. Now, already. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > [adverb] > in advance or beforehand yeteOE forea1225 beforehand?c1225 alreadyc1300 forrow1489 aforehanda1500 sincea1556 tofore1597 forwarda1604 preventively1646 anticipatelya1677 ahead1835 anticipatively1864 anticipatorily1878 a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) i. iii. sig. B.iij^v Haue we done singyng since? then will I in againe. a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) iii. v. sig. E.iiij^v But lo and Merygreeke haue not brought him sens? 2. From that time till now. In positive clauses implying continuity of action, etc., and commonly strengthened by ever. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adverb] > since > continuously or ever since sithOE sithenOE sithence?a1425 syne?a1425 since1470 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur ix. xli. 407 Euer syns he hath kepte me at his owne will. a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) iv. i. 2 You know since Pentecost the sum is due, And since I haue not much importun'd you. View more context for this quotation 1623 W. Lisle in tr. Ælfric Saxon Treat. Old & New Test. Introd. Where they..have lived in sorrow and paines~taking ever since. 1658 J. Jones tr. Ovid Invective against Ibis 36 He [Midas] washed himself in this river and was restored; Since the streams are feigned to be golden. 1731 Gentleman's Mag. 1 391/1 Bluster..quitted the Surgery in a Pet, and has liv'd in the Country ever since. 1824 R. Southey in Corr. w. Caroline Bowles 62 The first of these inverterate catarrhs, which I never failed to have every year since. 1885 Law Times 80 118/1 In 1879 he went abroad, and had ever since remained abroad. 3. a. Within the period, at some or any time, between then and now; subsequently, later. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adverb] > since sithenOE sitha1350 sithence1529 since1549 1549 H. Latimer 2nd Serm. before Kynges Maiestie 4th Serm. sig. Mv I heard once a tale of a thinge y^t was done at Oxford xx. yeres ago, & the like hath bene sence in realme. ?1553 Respublica (1952) ii. ii. 18 And beholde where he is retourned againe seens. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 36 It was written and since is lost. a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) iv. iv. 79 My bones beares witnesse, That since haue felt the vigor of his rage. View more context for this quotation 1629 J. Wadsworth Eng. Spanish Pilgrime i. 4 Her foure children, Hugh the eldest, since dead in Madrid [etc.]. 1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. ix. 84 I am since informed that swearing is now perfectly unfashionable. 1794 J. O'Keeffe Wild Oats (new ed.) i. i. 3 That rogue's trick you play'd poor Miss Amelia, by..leaving her..and since marrying another lady. 1833 T. Hook Parson's Daughter III. xi. 285 More like Noah's Ark than any thing that has been since seen floating upon the face of the waters. 1885 Spectator 8 Aug. 1041/1 This was dimly felt at the time and has been more distinctly recognised since. in combination.1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. ii. 401 A vaste multitude Of since-borne mongrels.1876 W. E. Gladstone in Westm. Gaz. 31 Dec. (1894) 1/3 The since-promoted agents of the Turkish Government. b. As adj. That has been since. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adjective] > later > that has been since since1605 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 281 That first trauell had no sympathie With our since-trauailes wretched crueltie. c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1641 (1955) II. 36 Eldest sonne of the since Earle of Norwich. 1849 J. A. Froude Nemesis of Faith 116 My since experience of Sunday evenings. 4. Ago; before now. With time specified, or preceded by long. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > [adverb] > ago agoc1350 sitha1375 hencea1382 sithena1400 agone1420 sin1490 sithence1537 since1555 syne1573 ygo1579 aback1768 back1797 pass1971 α. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xciiij The cause..of that sedition, was declared also foure yeares synce in the assembly. 1595 Blanchardine & Eglantine liv. 213 Long time since..shee fell sicke and died. 1624 R. Montagu in J. Cosin Corr. 12 Dec. (1872) I. xxi. 32 Though his minde had ben that way 20 yeares since. 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo 226 in Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors It is certain..the Chineses have some Books printed above seven hundred years since. 1721 in J. J. Babson Hist. Glouc., Mass. in Webster's Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. (1890) Captain Robinson..built the first of that sort about eight years since. a1774 O. Goldsmith tr. P. Scarron Comic Romance (1775) I. vi. 33 A merchant from Lower-Maine bespoke it not half an hour since. 1823 T. De Quincey Lett. Young Man in London Mag. Mar. 330/2 The mere rubbishy sweepings from the works of literatuli long since defunct. 1862 T. L. Peacock Deceived in Wks. (1875) III. 309 He went out a little while since. β. 1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions i. vi. 94 That nacion had long sence bene vttrely destroied.., excepte [etc.].1597 in A. Feuillerat Documents Office of Revels Queen Elizabeth (1908) 417 Beinge longe sence signed by her Majeste. B. prep. 1. Ever or continuously from (a specified time, etc.) till now. ΚΠ α. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 812/2 Syns that daye, puis ce jour la. 1562 in F. J. Furnivall Child-marriages, Divorces, & Ratifications Diocese Chester (1897) 49 The said John Starkie is xiiij yeres of age, and as muche as sins Whitsonday-Monday last past. 1611 Bible (King James) Gen. xxx. 30 The Lord hath blessed thee since my comming. View more context for this quotation 1734 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. I. 255 It was now five months and a half since his first setting out. 1780 Mirror No. 103 I inherited a law-suit, kept alive by various means, ever since the year thirty~three. 1807 W. Wordsworth Poems I. 23 I'm as great as they,..Since the day I found thee out. 1861 W. M. Thackeray Four Georges iv. 168 He sleeps since thirty years. β. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 John iii. 8 The deuell synneth sence y^e begynnynge.1565 T. Stapleton tr. F. Staphylus Apologie 168 b For sence the time of S. Gregory only,..we englishmen haue had the faith of Christ.1882 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. Sence, a contracted form of O.E. sithens. 2. During the period between (a specified time) and now; at some time subsequent to or after. ΚΠ α. 1544 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Court of Requests (1898) 70 The seid sir John..synz his entre in to the seid lordshipe..haith gotten..dyuerse of the seid copiez of courte roll. 1582 in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1908) 5 27 Hee hathe said vj or vij Masses cynce his cuminge over. 1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ v. xxxi. 34 My last was of the first current, since which I receav'd one from your Lordship. 1676 J. Glanvill Ess. iii. 9 Diophantus, who lived long since the times of Aristotle. 1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho III. ix. 329 Sounds, which, since that period, have there sunk almost into silence. 1808 W. Scott Marmion i. xxii. 5 Even our good chaplain..Since our last siege, we have not seen. 1837 P. Keith Bot. Lexicon 115 Many advances have been made in carpological investigation since the time of Gærtner. 1880 R. W. Church Spenser i. 25 They seem to have changed since Spenser's time. β. 1515 A. Williamson in Douglas's Wks. (1874) I. Introd. p. xxi The Kyng..has sent now sens Cristmes an vysse clerk off his Consell.1533 J. Frith Bk. answeringe Mores Let. sig. Cvi I receiued a letter from him, which was written sens Chrystmas.1552 W. Powell's Chron. Yeres (title page) The noble Actes done in and sens the reigne of Kyng Henry the fourthe.1637 Hobart in Verney P. (1853) 190 There has bine nothing don cence the taking in of the hornworke. C. conj. (and n.) I. From the time that. 1. Denoting a point of time to which the action or event mentioned is subsequent. ΚΠ α. 14.. Langland's P. Pl. B. x. 224 (MS. Rawl.) Was neuer gome vpoun þis grounde, synnes god made þe worlde, Fairer vnderfonge, ne frendloker at ese, Þanne me self. 1511 Pylgrymage Richarde Guylforde (Pynson) f. li We sayled further that nyghte thanne we dyde in any daye syns we departed from Iaffe. 1588 T. Kyd tr. T. Tasso Housholders Philos. f. 8^v A small patrimonie,..twise as much encreased since my father left it. 1611 Bible (King James) Exod. ix. 24 There was none like it in..Egypt, since it became a nation. View more context for this quotation 1757 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful v. §5. 176 Since I wrote these papers I found two very striking instances [etc.]. 1776 Trial Maha Rajah Nundocomar for Forgery 23/1 Has he ever been out since he was last at the court house? 1825 W. Scott Betrothed xi, in Tales Crusaders II. 231 Since you went hence we have received certain notice, that [etc.]. 1876 Ld. Tennyson Harold i. i. 5 Albeit no rolling stone,..Thou hast rounded since we met. β. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xix. 2 Have ye receaved the holy gost sence ye beleved?1548 H. Latimer Notable Serm. sig. B.iiii Sence lordyng and loiteryng hath come vp, preaching hathe come downe. 2. a. Following upon a statement (or inquiry) as to the duration of the period in question. ΚΠ α. 1557 Bible (Whittingham) Acts xxiv. 11 There are yet but twelue dayes since I went vp to Ierusalem. a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) i. ii. 70 How long ist Count Since the Physitian at your fathers died? View more context for this quotation 1661 I. Walton Compl. Angler (ed. 3) v. 124 It is so long since I learnt it, that I have forgot a part of it. 1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 32. ⁋2 Nor is it so very long since Richard the Third set up half the Backs of the Nation. 1753 S. Foote Englishman in Paris ii. 37 'Tis an Age since I saw you. 1780 Mirror No. 95 It is now above four years since I became the wife of a gentleman. 1825 W. Scott Betrothed v, in Tales Crusaders I. 92 It is long since the kites have had such a banquet. 1883 Daily News 22 Sept. 4/5 It is just a fortnight since Mr. Gladstone embarked. β. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Josh. xiv. C It is now fyue and fortie yeare sence y^e Lorde spake this vnto Moses.1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Cum It is two yere, sens he came to me first. b. Used in place of ‘that’. ΚΠ a1645 W. Browne tr. M. Le Roy Hist. Polexander (1647) ii. ii. 194 It is..five moneths now, since these honor'd personages have suffer'd..indignities in these Dungeons. a1774 O. Goldsmith tr. P. Scarron Comic Romance (1775) I. xxviii. 313 Though it is now fourscore years since he has plagued all those who have any dependence on him, yet he is so well in health [etc.]. 1804 C. Smith Conversations I. 162 It is near four months since Ella has been away. c. As quasi-n. rare. ΚΠ 1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 157 My Friend..knoweth no History but some ten or twelve Sinces in his Almanack: How long since the World was created. 1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 298 The most famous of thy Exploits will not be eminent enough to make an Almanacks Since. 3. a. In sentences implying continuity of action or fact during the period indicated. Also with ever, and (rarely) with that. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > future [conjunction] > since > since the time indicated since1535 α. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. i. 82 The iealous..widdow and her selfe, Since that our brother dubd them gentlewomen, Are mighty gossips. View more context for this quotation a1645 W. Browne tr. M. Le Roy Hist. Polexander (1647) ii. ii. 194 Ever since I have been able to carry Armes, I have try'd divers wayes to [etc.]. 1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler ii We were here an hour before Sun-rise, and have given her no rest since we came. View more context for this quotation 1697 J. Vanbrugh Relapse i. 13 Here have you stood ever since you came in. 1779 Mirror No. 25 My gardener has tied his hair behind..ever since he saw Mr. Papillot. 1816 J. Wilson City of Plague i. i. 122 Thus have I been since first the Plague burst forth. 1863 J. W. Carlyle Lett. III. 155 She has lived in England since she was ten years old. 1877 ‘Mrs. Forrester’ Mignon I. 253 I have known him ever since he was in petticoats. β. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Pet. iii. 4 For sence the fathers fell on slepe, euery thinge contynueth as it was from the begynnynge.1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at A Euer sens thou waste a yonge man. †b. With verbs of recollection: When; the time when. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream ii. i. 149 Thou remembrest, Since once I sat vpon a promontory [etc.] . View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) v. i. 218 Remember, since you ow'd no more to Time Then I doe now. View more context for this quotation 1690 J. Child Disc. Trade i. 41 He can remember Since we had not above three Merchants Ships of 300 Tuns. c. In various, chiefly jocular, comparisons, as since Christ was a corporal, etc. colloquial (chiefly U.S. and Military). ΚΠ a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) iii. ii. 15 And they haue beene grand Iurie men, since before Noah was a Saylor. View more context for this quotation 1818 J. Keats Endymion ii. 74 Never, I aver, Since Ariadne was a vintager, So cool a purple. 1900 I. L. Reeves Bamboo Tales 20 Private McCoy..had been in the service since George Washington was a ‘lance jack’. 1921 J. Dos Passos Three Soldiers ii. ii. 75 Ain't had any pay since Christ was a corporal. I've forgotten what it looks like. 1961 E. Partridge Dict. Slang (ed. 5) II. 1274/2 Since Pontius was a pilot, as in ‘He's been in that mob since..’ R.A.F. c[atch] p[hrase], testifying to long service: since ca. 1944. 1970 N.Y. Post 7 Apr. 5 Dana Stone had been in Vietnam since Christ was a corporal, as the grunts in the field would say. d. since when?: used elliptically as an inquiry into the duration of a state of affairs mentioned in a previous statement (frequently expressing doubt or incredulity); also, with full interrogative clause. colloquial. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > making inquiries [phrase] how so?a1375 what, how seemeth you?1485 what reck?a1513 what is the matter?c1520 what about ——1662 what's the row?1810 how come?1848 whassa1906 since when?1907 what'sa matter1935 the world > time > duration > [adverb] > since when? since when?1907 1907 G. B. Shaw John Bull's Other Island iv. 84 Broadbent (very solemnly): No: I am a teetotaller. Aunt Judy (incredulously): Arra since when? 1966 ‘G. Black’ You want to die, Johnny? v. 105 ‘Lil's disappeared.’.. ‘Since when?’ 1977 C. Watson One Man's Meat vii. 64 ‘Since when has Digger's father been a V.C.?’ ‘Since when has Digger had a father?’ II. Because or since that; inasmuch as. 4. a. Because that; seeing that; inasmuch as. ΚΠ α. 1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus ii. i. sig. Iiij Go to, let it be,..syns it lyketh so. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 7^v Sins it is not yet dinner tyme, let vs walke about. 1595 Blanchardine & Eglantine liv. 213 But since all humane flesh is mortall,..what auailes my sorowful grones and passions? 1611 A. Stafford Niobe 152 Whereunto I giue credit, since his succeeders do the same. 1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. ii. 102 But since no reason can confute yee, I'l try to force you to your Duty. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 215. ¶4 Since I am engaged on this Subject, I cannot forbear mentioning a Story [etc.]. 1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield II. vi. 106 What signifies..courting his friendship, since you find how scurvily he uses you. 1833 H. Martineau Briery Creek iii. 59 You shall have them cheap, since there is but a poor demand for them to-day. 1895 Manch. Guardian 14 Oct. 5/6 All the tunnelling has to be done..by the pick, since boring machines cannot be used. β. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xxiv. 71 Sennys he spekyth of god, me thynke we ought to speke to hym.?1553 Respublica (1952) v. vi. 53 But sens Respublica hathe putt me to exile where maye I goo? b. So since that. ΚΠ 1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance Pref. sig. aiv The sayd prouerb semeth by hym which lacked lerninge, to be deuised, sens that he preferrith ignorance before kunninge. a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) ii. i. 113 Since that my beautie cannot please his eie, Ile weepe (what's left away). View more context for this quotation 1639 R. Gentilis tr. P. Sarpi Hist. Inquisition 74 Since that by the Princes Ministers, such a disorder is put in practise. 1683 T. Creech tr. Lucretius De Natura Rerum (ed. 2) ii. 55 For since that men born blind..Know things by touch [etc.]. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adv.adj.prep.conj.n.14..
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