† sinen.¹

Forms: α. Old English sionu, sinu, sino (oblique sine, plural sina), Middle English syne, Middle English, 1500s sine, Middle English zyne, Scottish seyne. β. Middle English syn; plural Middle English synnes.

Etymology: Old English sionu , etc. (originally a wō -stem: see sinew n.), = Old Frisian sini , sine , sin (Frisian sine ), Middle Dutch sene , zene (Dutch zeen ), Middle Low German and Low German sene , Middle High German sene , senne (German sehne , †senne ), Old Norse and Icelandic sin (Norwegian sin , sēn ), Middle Swedish sina , sena (Swedish sena ), Middle Danish sinæ , senæ (Danish sene ). The β-forms may be due to Scandinavian influence. Compare also huxen n. and hockshin n.

Obsolete.

A sinew.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > sinew, tendon, or ligament > [noun]

sinec725

sinewOE

stringc1000

bend1398

nerfa1400

nervea1400

cordc1400

ligamentc1400

ligaturec1400

couple1535

chord?1541

lien?1541

tendon?1541

tendant1614

artery1621

leader1708

ligamentum1713

chorda1807

vinculum1859

Tenon's capsule1868

tendo1874

α.

c725 Corpus Gloss. N 97 Neruus, sionu.

c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 6 Læcedomas gif sin [sic] scrince..& gif sino clæppette & cwacige.

c1000 Ælfric Genesis xxxii. 25 Þa æthran he his sine on his þeo, and heo þær-rihte forscranc.

c1300 Beket 2429 That ther nas no flesch ileved bote synes and bar bon.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 3944 For þis enchesoun..of sine of bestes etes nane of ȝou.

c1430 Two Cookery-bks. 37 Also choppe a-mong þe zynes of þe fete clene y-pikyd.

c1430 Two Cookery-bks. 37 Choppe þe syneys in-to þe same milk rythte smal.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) ii. l. 401 Wallace..Throw brayne and seyne in sondir straik the bayne.

1544 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 207 Selling of tauch, sine, flesche, fische.

β. ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 1073 So þat þe synnes in his ham Be þat bolnyng was drawen samen.c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn Prol. l. 588 For þe egge of þe panne met with his shyn, And karff a too a veyn, & þe next syn.a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxiii. 292 Let now se and lefe youre dyn, And draw we ilka syn from syn.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

sinen.²

Brit.

/sʌɪn/, U.S.

/saɪn/

Forms: Also 1500s–1600s sign(e.

Etymology: < Latin sinus a bend, bay, etc.; also, the hanging fold of the upper part of a toga, the bosom of a garment, and hence used to render the synonymous Arabic jaib , applied in geometry as in sense 2. Compare French sinus, Spanish seno, Italian seno.

†1. A gulf or bay. Obsolete. rare. (Cf. sinus n. 5.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > bend in coast > [noun] > bay or gulf

bay1385

bosomc1400

gulfc1400

gouffre1477

break?1520

reach1526

bight1555

opening1576

sine1605

breach1611

cod1611

traversea1645

sinus1684

embayment1815

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. iii. 78 Such is the Germane Sea, such Persian Sine, Such th' Indian Gulfe.

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. ii. 440 Between, the Erithrean Sea, and Persian Sine.

a. Trigonometry. One of the three fundamental trigonometrical functions (cf. tangent adj. and n., secant adj. and n.): Originally, the length of a straight line drawn from one end of a circular arc parallel to the tangent at the other end, and terminated by the radius; in modern use, the ratio of this line to the radius, or (equivalently, as a function of an angle) the ratio of the side of a right-angled triangle opposite the given angle to the hypotenuse (the sine of an obtuse angle being numerically equal to that of its supplement). Abbreviated sin.For coversed, logarithmic, natural, right, subversed, and versed sines, see the adjectives.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > [noun] > branches of > trigonometry > functions of

right sine1581

sine1593

secant1594

tangent1594

secans1599

cosine1635

cotangent1635

cosecant1706

sec.-

1593 T. Fale Horologiographia f. 60 This Table of Sines may seeme obscure and hard to them who are not acquainted with Sinicall computation.

1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. i. 10 [He could] Resolve by Sines and Tangents straight, If Bread or Butter wanted weight.

a1679 T. Hobbes Seven Philos. Probl. (1682) viii. 75 You take BR,..which is the sine of forty-five degrees.

1710 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum II. (at cited word) Sines on the Plain Scale, Gunter's Scale, and almost all Scales have a Line, called the Line of Sines.

1738 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 10/1 The Sine of the visible Semidiameter of the Earth.

1774 M. Mackenzie Treat. Maritim Surv. 63 The Sines of the Complement of the Altitude.

1833 J. F. W. Herschel Astronomy v. 185 The sines or tangents of such small arcs being proportional to the arcs themselves.

1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess vi. 133 Of sine and arc, spheroïd and azimuth.

1880 S. Haughton Six Lect. Physical Geogr. iii. 155 (note) This will convert all the periodic terms..into the sums of sines and cosines of arcs.

b. Const. of an angle.

ΚΠ

1728 H. Pemberton View Sir I. Newton's Philos. 361 The sine of the angle of incidence bears to the sine of the refracted angle a given proportion.

1823 H. J. Brooke Familiar Introd. Crystallogr. 296 The analogy between the sines of the angles of triangles, and the sides subtending those angles.

1849 E. Sabine in J. F. W. Herschel Man. Sci. Enq. (Lords Commissioners Admiralty) 20 The intensity of the Earth's magnetic force in different localities is inversely as the sines of the angles of deflection.

1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic xii. 407 The ratio of the sines of the angles of incidence and those of refraction is constant for the same medium.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

sine compass n.

ΚΠ

1879 Encycl. Brit. X. 52/1 The earliest forms of standard galvanometer were the tangent and sine compasses invented by Pouillet.

sine complement n.

ΚΠ

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) (at cited word) Sine Complement of an Arch or Angle, is what that Arch or Angle wants of 90 Degrees [etc.].

sine galvanometer n.

ΚΠ

1873 F. Jenkin Electr. & Magn. xiii. §8 Sine galvanometers can be easily made much more sensitive than tangent galvanometers.

sine-inductor n.

ΚΠ

1879 Encycl. Brit. VIII. 49/2 A is the fixed and B the suspended coil of the electrodynamo~meter, and S the sine-inductor.

sine-integral n.

ΚΠ

1880 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 39/2 These functions..were styled the sine-integral and the cosine-integral.

sine-law n.

ΚΠ

1930 B.B.C. Year-bk. 451 Sine wave, a wave form representing an alternating quantity which varies according to a sine law.

sine rhumb n.

ΚΠ

1797 Encycl. Brit. XII. 693/1 The extent from 8 points to 3¼ points, the complement of the course on sine rhumbs.

1828 Moore's Pract. Navigator (ed. 20) 15 Sine rhumbs, marked (SR), is a line which contains the logarithms of the natural sine of every point and quarter point of the Mariner's Compass, figured from the left hand towards the right [etc.].

sine-shape n.

ΚΠ

1913 Wireless World 1 27/2 Continuous waves of perfect sine-shape.

sine-wave n.

C2.

sine bar n. Mechanics a device used to set out or measure angles accurately, in which one end of a bar of known length is raised on gauge blocks.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > measurement > measuring instrument > [noun] > for measuring angles

protractor1602

recipiangle1728

goniometer1766

trigonometer1767

repeating circle1799

angulometer1817

sine bar1915

1915 Engineering 8 Jan. 42/3 A sine-bar is a flat strip of steel, planed true all over, upon which are fixed two hardened and ground plugs, 1 in. in diameter, 10 in. apart.

1975 G. Bram & C. Downs Manuf. Technol. i. 19 The sine bar is commonly used for marking off and checking the angle of a workpiece.

sine tone n. = pure tone at pure adj. 1c.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > science of sound > vibration > [noun] > simple tone

simple tone1864

partial1873

pure tone1902

tone1919

sine tone1962

1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio 270 Sine tones are useful for studying frequency response and for lining up equipment.

1976 Times Lit. Suppl. 3 Dec. 1522/5 Stockhausen's recent memoirs of his early years, which are sometimes strangely at odds with his correspondence of the period (particularly vis-à-vis the whole question of sine-tone synthesis).

sine wave n. a periodic oscillation of pure and simple form in which the displacement at any point is proportional to the sine of the phase angle at that point; a wave or curve resembling (a segment of) this in form.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > types of motion > [noun] > wave > types of wave

long wave1792

internal wave1804

stationary wave1833

solitary wave1838

standing wave1845

travelling wave1845

pressure wave1871

ripple1871

surface wave1887

sine wave1893

Rayleigh wave1903

shock wave1907

spherical wave1907

Love wave1924

bow shock1938

Rossby wave1951

soliton1965

1893 D. E. Jones tr. H. Hertz Electr. Waves 17 The vibration of the primary conductor is, at any rate to a first approximation, a uniformly damped sine-wave of determinate period.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXIII. 223/1 In Squier and Crehore's ‘Synchronograph’ system ‘sine waves’ of current, instead of sharp ‘makes and breaks’, or sharp reversals, are employed for transmitting signals.

1916 Electrician 76 800/1 The alternating current produced in the telephones is almost a pure sine wave.

1923 E. W. Marchant Radio Telegr. & Teleph. viii. 99 One of the chief difficulties in using it [sc. a method of sending signals] is the fact that it does not usually give a pure sine wave.

1965 Wireless World Sept. 455/1 To verify the rated output of an amplifier a 1 kc/s sinewave is fed through it at a level sufficient to produce the rated output power.

1972 Islander (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 21 May 15/2 Some of the flat fishes, such as flounders and rays, move by undulating their bodies in a flattened sine wave. Visualize this movement as a flag held horizontally in a stiff wind.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	sine
释义	† sinen.¹ Forms: α. Old English sionu, sinu, sino (oblique sine, plural sina), Middle English syne, Middle English, 1500s sine, Middle English zyne, Scottish seyne. β. Middle English syn; plural Middle English synnes. Etymology: Old English sionu , etc. (originally a wō -stem: see sinew n.), = Old Frisian sini , sine , sin (Frisian sine ), Middle Dutch sene , zene (Dutch zeen ), Middle Low German and Low German sene , Middle High German sene , senne (German sehne , †senne ), Old Norse and Icelandic sin (Norwegian sin , sēn ), Middle Swedish sina , sena (Swedish sena ), Middle Danish sinæ , senæ (Danish sene ). The β-forms may be due to Scandinavian influence. Compare also huxen n. and hockshin n. Obsolete. A sinew. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > sinew, tendon, or ligament > [noun] sinec725 sinewOE stringc1000 bend1398 nerfa1400 nervea1400 cordc1400 ligamentc1400 ligaturec1400 couple1535 chord?1541 lien?1541 tendon?1541 tendant1614 artery1621 leader1708 ligamentum1713 chorda1807 vinculum1859 Tenon's capsule1868 tendo1874 α. c725 Corpus Gloss. N 97 Neruus, sionu. c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 6 Læcedomas gif sin [sic] scrince..& gif sino clæppette & cwacige. c1000 Ælfric Genesis xxxii. 25 Þa æthran he his sine on his þeo, and heo þær-rihte forscranc. c1300 Beket 2429 That ther nas no flesch ileved bote synes and bar bon. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 3944 For þis enchesoun..of sine of bestes etes nane of ȝou. c1430 Two Cookery-bks. 37 Also choppe a-mong þe zynes of þe fete clene y-pikyd. c1430 Two Cookery-bks. 37 Choppe þe syneys in-to þe same milk rythte smal. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) ii. l. 401 Wallace..Throw brayne and seyne in sondir straik the bayne. 1544 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 207 Selling of tauch, sine, flesche, fische. β. ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 1073 So þat þe synnes in his ham Be þat bolnyng was drawen samen.c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn Prol. l. 588 For þe egge of þe panne met with his shyn, And karff a too a veyn, & þe next syn.a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxiii. 292 Let now se and lefe youre dyn, And draw we ilka syn from syn. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online December 2021). sinen.² Brit. /sʌɪn/, U.S. /saɪn/ Forms: Also 1500s–1600s sign(e. Etymology: < Latin sinus a bend, bay, etc.; also, the hanging fold of the upper part of a toga, the bosom of a garment, and hence used to render the synonymous Arabic jaib , applied in geometry as in sense 2. Compare French sinus, Spanish seno, Italian seno. †1. A gulf or bay. Obsolete. rare. (Cf. sinus n. 5.) ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > bend in coast > [noun] > bay or gulf bay1385 bosomc1400 gulfc1400 gouffre1477 break?1520 reach1526 bight1555 opening1576 sine1605 breach1611 cod1611 traversea1645 sinus1684 embayment1815 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. iii. 78 Such is the Germane Sea, such Persian Sine, Such th' Indian Gulfe. 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. ii. 440 Between, the Erithrean Sea, and Persian Sine. 2. a. Trigonometry. One of the three fundamental trigonometrical functions (cf. tangent adj. and n., secant adj. and n.): Originally, the length of a straight line drawn from one end of a circular arc parallel to the tangent at the other end, and terminated by the radius; in modern use, the ratio of this line to the radius, or (equivalently, as a function of an angle) the ratio of the side of a right-angled triangle opposite the given angle to the hypotenuse (the sine of an obtuse angle being numerically equal to that of its supplement). Abbreviated sin.For coversed, logarithmic, natural, right, subversed, and versed sines, see the adjectives. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > [noun] > branches of > trigonometry > functions of right sine1581 sine1593 secant1594 tangent1594 secans1599 cosine1635 cotangent1635 cosecant1706 sec.- 1593 T. Fale Horologiographia f. 60 This Table of Sines may seeme obscure and hard to them who are not acquainted with Sinicall computation. 1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. i. 10 [He could] Resolve by Sines and Tangents straight, If Bread or Butter wanted weight. a1679 T. Hobbes Seven Philos. Probl. (1682) viii. 75 You take BR,..which is the sine of forty-five degrees. 1710 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum II. (at cited word) Sines on the Plain Scale, Gunter's Scale, and almost all Scales have a Line, called the Line of Sines. 1738 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 10/1 The Sine of the visible Semidiameter of the Earth. 1774 M. Mackenzie Treat. Maritim Surv. 63 The Sines of the Complement of the Altitude. 1833 J. F. W. Herschel Astronomy v. 185 The sines or tangents of such small arcs being proportional to the arcs themselves. 1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess vi. 133 Of sine and arc, spheroïd and azimuth. 1880 S. Haughton Six Lect. Physical Geogr. iii. 155 (note) This will convert all the periodic terms..into the sums of sines and cosines of arcs. b. Const. of an angle. ΚΠ 1728 H. Pemberton View Sir I. Newton's Philos. 361 The sine of the angle of incidence bears to the sine of the refracted angle a given proportion. 1823 H. J. Brooke Familiar Introd. Crystallogr. 296 The analogy between the sines of the angles of triangles, and the sides subtending those angles. 1849 E. Sabine in J. F. W. Herschel Man. Sci. Enq. (Lords Commissioners Admiralty) 20 The intensity of the Earth's magnetic force in different localities is inversely as the sines of the angles of deflection. 1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic xii. 407 The ratio of the sines of the angles of incidence and those of refraction is constant for the same medium. Compounds C1. General attributive. sine compass n. ΚΠ 1879 Encycl. Brit. X. 52/1 The earliest forms of standard galvanometer were the tangent and sine compasses invented by Pouillet. sine complement n. ΚΠ 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) (at cited word) Sine Complement of an Arch or Angle, is what that Arch or Angle wants of 90 Degrees [etc.]. sine galvanometer n. ΚΠ 1873 F. Jenkin Electr. & Magn. xiii. §8 Sine galvanometers can be easily made much more sensitive than tangent galvanometers. sine-inductor n. ΚΠ 1879 Encycl. Brit. VIII. 49/2 A is the fixed and B the suspended coil of the electrodynamo~meter, and S the sine-inductor. sine-integral n. ΚΠ 1880 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 39/2 These functions..were styled the sine-integral and the cosine-integral. sine-law n. ΚΠ 1930 B.B.C. Year-bk. 451 Sine wave, a wave form representing an alternating quantity which varies according to a sine law. sine rhumb n. ΚΠ 1797 Encycl. Brit. XII. 693/1 The extent from 8 points to 3¼ points, the complement of the course on sine rhumbs. 1828 Moore's Pract. Navigator (ed. 20) 15 Sine rhumbs, marked (SR), is a line which contains the logarithms of the natural sine of every point and quarter point of the Mariner's Compass, figured from the left hand towards the right [etc.]. sine-shape n. ΚΠ 1913 Wireless World 1 27/2 Continuous waves of perfect sine-shape. sine-wave n. C2. sine bar n. Mechanics a device used to set out or measure angles accurately, in which one end of a bar of known length is raised on gauge blocks. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > measuring instrument > [noun] > for measuring angles protractor1602 recipiangle1728 goniometer1766 trigonometer1767 repeating circle1799 angulometer1817 sine bar1915 1915 Engineering 8 Jan. 42/3 A sine-bar is a flat strip of steel, planed true all over, upon which are fixed two hardened and ground plugs, 1 in. in diameter, 10 in. apart. 1975 G. Bram & C. Downs Manuf. Technol. i. 19 The sine bar is commonly used for marking off and checking the angle of a workpiece. sine tone n. = pure tone at pure adj. 1c. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > science of sound > vibration > [noun] > simple tone simple tone1864 partial1873 pure tone1902 tone1919 sine tone1962 1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio 270 Sine tones are useful for studying frequency response and for lining up equipment. 1976 Times Lit. Suppl. 3 Dec. 1522/5 Stockhausen's recent memoirs of his early years, which are sometimes strangely at odds with his correspondence of the period (particularly vis-à-vis the whole question of sine-tone synthesis). sine wave n. a periodic oscillation of pure and simple form in which the displacement at any point is proportional to the sine of the phase angle at that point; a wave or curve resembling (a segment of) this in form. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > types of motion > [noun] > wave > types of wave long wave1792 internal wave1804 stationary wave1833 solitary wave1838 standing wave1845 travelling wave1845 pressure wave1871 ripple1871 surface wave1887 sine wave1893 Rayleigh wave1903 shock wave1907 spherical wave1907 Love wave1924 bow shock1938 Rossby wave1951 soliton1965 1893 D. E. Jones tr. H. Hertz Electr. Waves 17 The vibration of the primary conductor is, at any rate to a first approximation, a uniformly damped sine-wave of determinate period. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXIII. 223/1 In Squier and Crehore's ‘Synchronograph’ system ‘sine waves’ of current, instead of sharp ‘makes and breaks’, or sharp reversals, are employed for transmitting signals. 1916 Electrician 76 800/1 The alternating current produced in the telephones is almost a pure sine wave. 1923 E. W. Marchant Radio Telegr. & Teleph. viii. 99 One of the chief difficulties in using it [sc. a method of sending signals] is the fact that it does not usually give a pure sine wave. 1965 Wireless World Sept. 455/1 To verify the rated output of an amplifier a 1 kc/s sinewave is fed through it at a level sufficient to produce the rated output power. 1972 Islander (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 21 May 15/2 Some of the flat fishes, such as flounders and rays, move by undulating their bodies in a flattened sine wave. Visualize this movement as a flag held horizontally in a stiff wind. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online June 2022). sinen.³ /ˈsʌɪniː/ Etymology: < fanciful modern Latin sine (coloribus), without (colours). Eton College slang. At Eton College: a House team, which excludes those awarded colours; the members of this considered collective. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > player or sportsperson > [noun] > team or group > specific England1795 Dark Blue1852 Light Blue1852 springboks1906 JV1922 sine1922 1922 S. Leslie Oppidan xxii. 276 The sine was made to forego the sweetness of a long lie in order to run..before breakfast. 1922 S. Leslie Oppidan xxii. 277 As match after match was lost by the sine, Mouler put up a notice to say that in future sine were expected to do a training walk as well as their morning run. 1940 M. Marples Public School Slang 112 Idioms such as these are probably not of great age…[e.g.] sine (Eton): used to describe a House team excluding colours, from the dog Latin sine coloribus, without colours: hence 2nd sine wrongly used = 2nd XI. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1986; most recently modified version published online December 2018). < n.¹c725n.²1593n.³1922
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† sinen.1

sinen.2

Compounds

sinen.3

† sinen.¹

sinen.²

sinen.³