side chainn.

Brit.

/ˈsʌɪd tʃeɪn/, U.S.

/ˈsaɪd ˌtʃeɪn/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: side n.¹, chain n.

Etymology: < side n.¹ + chain n. In sense 2a (in chemistry) perhaps after French châine latérale (1865 in this sense). In sense 2b (in physiology) after German Seitenkette ( P. Ehrlich Das Sauerstoff-Bedürfniss des Organismus (1885) 12).

1. A chain at the side of an object or structure; spec. each of a set of chains fitted at the sides of railway carriages, mining wagons, etc., as additional or emergency coupling devices (now historical).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > parts of cart or carriage > [noun] > chain at side

side chain1780

1780 R. J. Sulivan Observ. Tour Eng. xxii. 197 This machine [sc. a bridge] is ricketty and unpleasant for a passenger: it is, however, steadied as much as possible by side-chains, which are fastened to the rocks beneath.

1841 J. Mitchell in Rep. Officers Railway Dept. App. 13 in Parl. Papers (1842) XLI. 13 The duty of McEwan was to remove the side chains from the loaded to the empty train at the foot of the inclines.

1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining 221 Side chain, a chain hooked on to the sides of tubs when running upon an engine-plane or jig, to keep all the tubs together in case a coupling breaks.

1886 Encycl. Brit. XX. 247/2 Some [railway] companies have gone further and placed the guard or side chains upon springs.

1938 Pop. Sci. Feb. 76/3 He pushed the end of one of the side chains through the spoke hole at the bottom of one of the wheels and snapped it onto the side chain on the other side of the tire.

1979 J. Wrottesley Great Northern Railway I. xii. 194 The slip carriages were properly connected to the train by ordinary screw couplings and side chains.

2007 Herald Sun (Austral.) (Nexis) 7 Feb. c4 It [sc. a manual roller screen] has a looped hanging side chain, often seen on some of the more expensive brands of curtain.

a. Chemistry. A chain of atoms attached to the principal part of a molecule.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical structure or stereochemistry > [noun] > chain of atoms > types

side chain1873

branched chain1889

straight chain1890

open chain1928

short chain1940

1873 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 26 167 In dinitrobromobenzene the side-chains occupy the positions 1:3:6.

1922 J. J. Sudborough Bernthsen's Text-bk. Org. Chem. (new ed.) xvii. 349 As a rule, the group of 6 carbons with the hydrogens is spoken of as the benzene nucleus, and all substituents are spoken of as side chains.

1933 S. W. Cole Pract. Physiol. Chem. (ed. 9) x. 250 Hæm is the ferrous (divalent iron) compound of protoporphyrin, a substance which has four pyrrol rings and various side chains.

1989 B. Alberts et al. Molecular Biol. Cell (ed. 2) ii. 45 There are 20 common amino acids in proteins, each with a different side chain attached to the α-carbon atom.

2006 Encycl. Earth & Physical Sci. VI. 838 Glycerides with highly unsaturated fatty acid side chains have lower melting points..and are therefore oils at room temperature.

b. Physiology. According to Ehrlich's theory of immunological action: a structure postulated to project from the surface of a cell and to constitute a receptor (receptor n. 3a). Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > substance > cell > parts of cell > [noun] > processes or extensions

neuraxon1894

neurodendron1895

side chain1898

ruffle1931

stereo-cilium1933

lamellipodium1970

protopod1976

1898 Trans. Assoc. Amer. Physicians 13 52 Following the theory of the so-called ‘side-chain-immunity’ of Ehrlich, it is assumed..that these bactericidal bodies are generated by the organ-cells.

1900 tr. P. Ehrlich in Proc. Royal Soc. 66 433 We may assume that the protoplasm consists of a special executive centre..in connection with which are nutritive side-chains, which possess a certain degree of independence, and which may differ from one another according to the requirements of the different cells.

1935 N. P. Sherwood Immunol. vi. 121 In Ehrlich's theory these free chemical entities or cast-off side chains constitute the antibodies found in the circulation.

1974 Encycl. Brit. Macropædia VI. 510/1 Only if the haptophore group of a toxic molecule combines with the side chain of the cell can a bacterial toxin act upon a cell. The affected organism then produces great quantities of the side chains, all of them ‘gauged’ to the disease-producing agent.

2002 R. Porter Blood & Guts v. 102 Ehrlich..made a contribution of his own to the immunity debate: the ‘side-chain’ (or chemical affinity) model.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	side chain
释义	side chainn. Brit. /ˈsʌɪd tʃeɪn/, U.S. /ˈsaɪd ˌtʃeɪn/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: side n.¹, chain n. Etymology: < side n.¹ + chain n. In sense 2a (in chemistry) perhaps after French châine latérale (1865 in this sense). In sense 2b (in physiology) after German Seitenkette ( P. Ehrlich Das Sauerstoff-Bedürfniss des Organismus (1885) 12). 1. A chain at the side of an object or structure; spec. each of a set of chains fitted at the sides of railway carriages, mining wagons, etc., as additional or emergency coupling devices (now historical). ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > parts of cart or carriage > [noun] > chain at side side chain1780 1780 R. J. Sulivan Observ. Tour Eng. xxii. 197 This machine [sc. a bridge] is ricketty and unpleasant for a passenger: it is, however, steadied as much as possible by side-chains, which are fastened to the rocks beneath. 1841 J. Mitchell in Rep. Officers Railway Dept. App. 13 in Parl. Papers (1842) XLI. 13 The duty of McEwan was to remove the side chains from the loaded to the empty train at the foot of the inclines. 1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining 221 Side chain, a chain hooked on to the sides of tubs when running upon an engine-plane or jig, to keep all the tubs together in case a coupling breaks. 1886 Encycl. Brit. XX. 247/2 Some [railway] companies have gone further and placed the guard or side chains upon springs. 1938 Pop. Sci. Feb. 76/3 He pushed the end of one of the side chains through the spoke hole at the bottom of one of the wheels and snapped it onto the side chain on the other side of the tire. 1979 J. Wrottesley Great Northern Railway I. xii. 194 The slip carriages were properly connected to the train by ordinary screw couplings and side chains. 2007 Herald Sun (Austral.) (Nexis) 7 Feb. c4 It [sc. a manual roller screen] has a looped hanging side chain, often seen on some of the more expensive brands of curtain. 2. a. Chemistry. A chain of atoms attached to the principal part of a molecule. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical structure or stereochemistry > [noun] > chain of atoms > types side chain1873 branched chain1889 straight chain1890 open chain1928 short chain1940 1873 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 26 167 In dinitrobromobenzene the side-chains occupy the positions 1:3:6. 1922 J. J. Sudborough Bernthsen's Text-bk. Org. Chem. (new ed.) xvii. 349 As a rule, the group of 6 carbons with the hydrogens is spoken of as the benzene nucleus, and all substituents are spoken of as side chains. 1933 S. W. Cole Pract. Physiol. Chem. (ed. 9) x. 250 Hæm is the ferrous (divalent iron) compound of protoporphyrin, a substance which has four pyrrol rings and various side chains. 1989 B. Alberts et al. Molecular Biol. Cell (ed. 2) ii. 45 There are 20 common amino acids in proteins, each with a different side chain attached to the α-carbon atom. 2006 Encycl. Earth & Physical Sci. VI. 838 Glycerides with highly unsaturated fatty acid side chains have lower melting points..and are therefore oils at room temperature. b. Physiology. According to Ehrlich's theory of immunological action: a structure postulated to project from the surface of a cell and to constitute a receptor (receptor n. 3a). Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > substance > cell > parts of cell > [noun] > processes or extensions neuraxon1894 neurodendron1895 side chain1898 ruffle1931 stereo-cilium1933 lamellipodium1970 protopod1976 1898 Trans. Assoc. Amer. Physicians 13 52 Following the theory of the so-called ‘side-chain-immunity’ of Ehrlich, it is assumed..that these bactericidal bodies are generated by the organ-cells. 1900 tr. P. Ehrlich in Proc. Royal Soc. 66 433 We may assume that the protoplasm consists of a special executive centre..in connection with which are nutritive side-chains, which possess a certain degree of independence, and which may differ from one another according to the requirements of the different cells. 1935 N. P. Sherwood Immunol. vi. 121 In Ehrlich's theory these free chemical entities or cast-off side chains constitute the antibodies found in the circulation. 1974 Encycl. Brit. Macropædia VI. 510/1 Only if the haptophore group of a toxic molecule combines with the side chain of the cell can a bacterial toxin act upon a cell. The affected organism then produces great quantities of the side chains, all of them ‘gauged’ to the disease-producing agent. 2002 R. Porter Blood & Guts v. 102 Ehrlich..made a contribution of his own to the immunity debate: the ‘side-chain’ (or chemical affinity) model. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1780
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