silen.¹

Brit.

/sʌɪl/, U.S.

/saɪl/, Scottish English

/sʌil/

Forms: Also Middle English, 1800s syle, 1500s syelle, 1700s–1800s dialect soil.

Etymology: Of doubtful origin; perhaps representing Old English sýl pillar, column.

northern and Scottish.

A large roofing-timber or rafter, usually one of a pair. Also sile-tree.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > framework of building > [noun] > roof-beam

pan1284

roof-tree1321

wiverc1325

sile1338

wind-beam1374

bindbalkc1425

trave1432

purlin1439

side-waver1451

wind-balk1532

roof beam1551

post1567

crock1570

spercil1570

collar-beam1659

camber1679

top-beam1679

camber-beam1721

jack rafter1736

hammer-beam1823

tie-beam1823

spar-piece1842

viga1844

collar1858

spanner1862

cruck1898

1338 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 377 vij copule de syles longitudinis xvj pedum, et iiij^or copule de syles longitudinis xxviij^to pedum.

1371 in W. H. D. Longstaffe & J. Booth Halmota Prioratus Dunelmensis (1889) 111 Reparabit unam grangiam de uno pare de siles et duobus gauil forks.

1582 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 46 In the hay barne. Certaine sawen baulkes, viz., ix dormonds, and j sile.

1763 Philos. Trans. 1762 (Royal Soc.) 52 513 A round hole..was pierced through the carved oak,..and a piece of the main soil..struck off.

1772 Philos. Trans. 1771 (Royal Soc.) 61 75 Upon this pillar rested a large oak soil.

1811 W. Aiton Gen. View Agric. Ayr 114 The roof was formed of strong cupples termed Syles, set up 8 or 10 feet distant from each other.

1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Syles, the principal rafters of a house.

1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 1033 Soils, a provincial term, chiefly..used in the north, signifying the principal rafters of a roof.

1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) Sile trees, the timber roof~blades of a thatched clay house.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

silen.²

Brit.

/sʌɪl/, U.S.

/saɪl/, Scottish English

/sʌil/

Forms: Also Middle English–1600s, 1800s syle, 1500s syell.

Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norse *síl.

Etymology: < Old Norse *síl (Norwegian and Swedish sil ): compare sile v.²

northern (and Scottish).

A strainer or sieve, esp. one for milk.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of dairy produce > [noun] > milk straining > milk strainer

milksile1459

sile1459

sye1468

sythe1568

siling-dish1574

milk strainer1668

sile-dish1668

milsey1697

siler1856

1459 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 89 j pelvis cum foraminibus vocata j Syle.

1483 Cath. Angl. 339/2 A mylke Syle, colatorium.

1563 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 207 ij great bowells, iij wodd skailles, one syle.

1563 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 208 One syell, j vergeus barrell, vj mylk bowlls.

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Lii/1 A Sile, colum.

1615 G. Markham Eng. House-wife (1668) ii. vi. 144 The bottom of this Syle through which the milk must pass, must be covered with a very clean-washt fine linnen-cloth.

1684 G. Meriton York-shire Dial. 35 Now let us hame and late for Bowls and Sile.

1788 W. Marshall Provincialisms E. Yorks. in Rural Econ. Yorks. II. 352 Sile, a milk-strainer.

1825– in dial. gloss. (Yks., Northumbld., Lancs., Nott., Linc., etc.).

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

silen.³

Brit.

/sʌɪl/, U.S.

/saɪl/, Scottish English

/sʌil/

Forms: Also 1800s syle (dialect soil); sill.

Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian.

Etymology: Of Scandinavian origin: compare Old Norse and Icelandic síld, Middle Swedish sildh, silþ (Swedish sill), Norwegian and Danish sild herring; also Icelandic síli (older síl) a herring.

northern and Scottish.

Young herring.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > order Clupeiformes > [noun] > family Clupeidae and herrings > member of > young

brit1602

bret1726

yawling1758

sile1769

silk-shag1880–4

sprat1880–4

sparling1884

sild1921

α.

1769 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) III. iv. 288 The young herrings..are then from half an inch to two inches long: those in Yorkshire are called Herring Sile.

1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words II Soil, the fry of the coal-fish. Cumb.

1863 J. Ingelow Poems 186 Our folk call them syle and nought but syle, And when they're grown, why then we call them herring.

1880–4 F. Day Fishes Great Brit. & Ireland I. 295 The fry are called..soil, poodler, billets or billiards up to one year of age.

1880–4 F. Day Fishes Great Brit. & Ireland II. 210 Small ones [herring] not larger than a sprat are termed sills, or sile.

β. 1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words II Sill, the young of a herring. North.1863 Rep. Royal Comm. Operation Acts Trawling for Herring Scotl. 26 in Parl. Papers (C. 3106) XVIII. 139 The herring is found under four different conditions: 1st, Fry or Sill. 1880-4² [see α. ].

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

silev.¹

Forms: Also Middle English, 1800s syle.

Origin: Probably a borrowing from early Scandinavian.

Etymology: Probably of Scandinavian origin: compare Norwegian and Swedish dialect sila to flow gently, to pour with rain; but these senses have something in common with sile v.², and are usually associated with that word.

Obsolete exc. northern dialect.

1. intransitive. To go, pass, move; to glide. Usually with prepositions or adverbs.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > progressive motion > specific manner of progressive motion > move progressively in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > smoothly

slidea950

scritheOE

glidea1275

silec1400

swima1556

steal1626

slip1680

snoove1719

skate1775

sleek1818

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 131 He..Solased hem with semblaunt & syled fyrre; Tron fro table to table & talkede ay myrþe.

c1400 Rowland & O. 401 Til a chambire gan þay syle, And gayly gan hym dighte.

c1420 J. Lydgate Life Our Lady (Caxton) d ij And fysshe eke with fynnes silid fayre.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1973 Sile furth of my sight in a sad haste.

1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 14 As sober evening sweetly siles along.1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby Sile past, to glide by.

a. To fall or sink (down). Also dialect, to subside.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (intransitive)] > sink

syec888

besinkc893

asye1024

asinkc1275

sink?a1300

settlec1315

silea1400

droopc1540

recide1628

subsidate1653

squat1687

pitch1751

gravitate1823

a1400–50 Alexander (Ashm.) 3043 Siles doun on aithire side selcuth kniȝtis, Sum darid, sum dede, sum depe wondid.

c1475 (?c1425) Avowing of King Arthur (1984) l. 253 Wyth sit siles he adowne. To brittun him þe king was bowne.

1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. biiii He hard ane bugill blast..As the seymly sone silit to the rest.

1674 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 41 To Sile down: Lincoln, to fall to the bottom, or subside.1827 J. Clare Shepherd's Cal. 180 The white sand..Now swimming up in silver threads, and then Slow siling down to bubble up again.

b. dialect. To fall down in a swoon; to faint away.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > physical insensibility > unconsciousness > lose consciousness [verb (intransitive)] > faint or swoon

swotherc1000

swowa1250

swoonc1290

sweltc1330

trance1340

to fall on, in swowa1375

swapc1386

sound1393

dwelea1400

swaya1400

faintc1440

owmawt1440

swalmc1440

sweamc1440

syncopize1490

dwalm?a1513

swarf1513

swound1530

cothe1567

sweb1599

to go away1655

to die away1707

go1768

sink1769

sile1790

to pass out1915

to black out1935

1790 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. (ed. 2) To sile away, to faint away.

1820 J. Clare Poems Rural Life (ed. 3) 152 ‘Your Nelly's beguiled!’ She said, and she siled on the floor.

1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 233 Sile, to faint, to sink, or subside gradually.

†a. Of tears, etc.: To flow. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > lachrymal organs > flow [verb (intransitive)]

tricklec1386

stress?a1400

silec1540

deraina1561

stream1812

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 9210 Terys on his chekes Ronen full rifely..Þen he driet vp the dropes, & [? read þat] dreghly can syle.

1790 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. (ed. 2) To sile o'er, to boil over.

a1800 Lord Derwentwater iii, in Bell Rhymes N. Bards (1812) 225 When he read the three next lines The tears began to sile.

1807 [see siling n. at Derivatives].

1829 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words (new ed.) Sile, to percolate, to flow.

1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) at Syle ‘It syl't and bled,’ after the manner of a syle.

b. dialect. Of rain: To pour (down).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > rain falls [verb (intransitive)] > rain heavily

ropec1450

to ding down1554

to come down1597

to ding onc1650

to rain cats and dogs1661

sile1703

pour1737

teem1753

pepper1767

flood1813

to rain pitchforks1815

rash1824

spate1853

bucket1926

tipplea1930

piss1948

1703 R. Thoresby Let. 27 Apr. in J. Ray Corr. (1848) 427 It Siles, i. e. rains fast.

1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Sile,..to pour down with rain.

1865 Cornhill Mag. July 33 Rain in the Northern counties, when it falls perpendicularly, is said to ‘sile down’, as if in allusion to its passing through a sieve.

1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skirlaugh III. 171 ‘It'll sile down till night,’..replied the groom.

Derivatives

† ˈsiling n. Obsolete

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > lachrymal organs > [noun] > excretion from eyes

wateringa1475

silingc1540

eye-watering1840

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1307 Þe kyng..siket full sore with sylyng of teris.

1807 J. Stagg Misc. Poems (new ed.) 65 Rashly they scale the scattran swathe,..An' seylin sweats their haffets bathe.

† ˈsiling adj. Obsolete

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > liquid which has been emitted > action or process of emitting copiously > [adjective] > in or as in showers

siling?a1400

showering1576

?a1400 Morte Arth. 3794 Thane syghande he saide, with sylande terys.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

silev.²

Forms: Also Middle English–1600s, 1800s syle, 1700s–1800s Scottish seil, 1700s soil.

Etymology: Of Scandinavian origin: cf Middle Swedish siila, sila, Swedish and Norwegian sila in the same sense, perhaps related to Frisian silje to sift.

Now dialect.

1. transitive. To strain; esp. to pass (milk) through a sieve or strainer.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of dairy produce > [verb (transitive)] > strain milk

sile14..

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > straining > strain [verb (transitive)]

syec725

strainc1386

sile14..

sythe1440

farcea1475

colate1631

elutriate1731

colander1887

tammy1903

14.. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17 f. 281, in Halliw. (at cited word) Temper it with hate ale, and sythene syle it thorowe a hate clathe.

a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 695 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 322 Þo euwere thurgh towelle syles clene, His water into þo bassynges shene.

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Lii/1 To Syle, milke, colare lac.

1615 G. Markham Eng. House-wife (1660) 150 You shall take your milk..as it comes from the Cow, and syle it into a clean Tub.

1674 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 44 To Soil milk, to cleanse it.

1721 J. Kelly Compl. Coll. Scotish Prov. 274 Our Sowins are ill sowr'd, ill seil'd, ill-salted,..and few o' them.

1788 W. Marshall Provincialisms E. Yorks. in Rural Econ. Yorks. II. 352 To Sile, to strain, as fresh milk from the cow.

1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian ii, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. II. 41 The brown four-year-auld's milk is not seiled yet.

1825– in dial. glossaries (E. Anglia, Northamp., Linc., etc.)

1892 J. Lucas tr. P. Kalm Acct. Visit Eng. 173 That which was over was siled in the above-named manner and made into butter.

in extended use.1820 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. May 159 The..gentle Nith canna call a single fin its ain,—they syle its current through the herling nets 'tween yule and yule.1847 J. Halliday Rustic Bard 264 The purest o' water is siel'd through the rock.

†2. dialect. To pour. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or fact of pouring or being poured > pour [verb (transitive)]

ayetOE

yetOE

hieldc1200

shed?c1225

pourc1330

peera1522

brew1581

swill1605

sile1787

1787 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. at Syle He siled a gallon of ale down his throat.

Derivatives

siled adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > straining > [adjective] > strained

strained1591

colate1661

well-strained1665

sileda1800

a1800 S. Pegge Suppl. Grose's Provinc. Gloss. (1814) Sil'd Milk, skimmed milk.

ˈsiler n. a milk-strainer (cf. siling-dish n.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of dairy produce > [noun] > milk straining > milk strainer

milksile1459

sile1459

sye1468

sythe1568

siling-dish1574

milk strainer1668

sile-dish1668

milsey1697

siler1856

1856 G. Henderson Pop. Rhymes Berwick 82 He handed her the milk-strainer, the milsey, or seiler.

ˈsiling n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of dairy produce > [noun] > milk straining

siling1615

1615 G. Markham Eng. Hus-wife in Countrey Contentments ii. iv. 109 (margin) Silling of milke.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

† silev.³

Forms: Also 1500s–1600s syle.

Etymology: < Old French ciller (siller ), < cil eyelash, or medieval Latin ciliare (Du Cange). The usual English form is seel v.²

Obsolete. Chiefly Scottish.

1. transitive. To sew up (the eyes of a hawk). rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > hawking > [verb (transitive)] > sew up eyes

sile1398

enseel1486

seela1500

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum xii. ii. (Tollemache MS.) Ofte þe yȝen of suche briddes [hawks] beþ þere siled, closid oþer hid.

a. To cover (the eyes or sight). Also with up.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > not seeing or preventing from seeing > prevent from seeing [verb (transitive)] > blindfold or cover eyes

blindfold?c1225

to stop (a person's) eyes or sightc1380

enclose1477

silec1500

hoodwink1562

muffle1573

scarf1598

bluff1673

to seal (a person's) eyes or ears1700

bonnet1828

blink1846

occlude1921

c1500 W. Kennedy Passion of Christ 448 Sum..filit his cristall eyne, And silit his sicht, as he a fule had bene.

1575 Reg. Privy Counc. Scotl. II. 479 Tuke thame nakit furth of thair beddis, and sylit thair eyis unto the tyme thay had distroyit the saidis houssis.

1629 W. Mure True Crucifixe 649 Now, siling vp his eyes, Hee streight must show Who him did most with causelesse strips infest.

b. figurative. To deceive (the sight).

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > optical illusion > [verb (transitive)] > deceive the sight

sile1608

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > deception by illusion, delusion > deceive, delude [verb (transitive)]

bedidderc1000

bipechec1000

swikeOE

fodea1375

flatter1377

to make believea1393

illude1447

miscarrya1450

to fode forth (also occasionally forward, off, on, out)1479

delude1493

sophisticate1597

sile1608

prestigiate1647

will-o'-the-wisp1660

bilk1672

foxa1716

fickle1736

moonshine1824

1608 T. Hudson tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Ivdith ii. 30 in J. Sylvester Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) Thus siling humain sight, it chaunged forme, One while a Rod, one while a creeping worme.

c1614 W. Mure tr. Virgil Dido & Æneas iii. in Wks. (1898) I. 422 Wast for this thow sought by slight To syle my sight, thy curst designes to cloake?

c. To deceive, beguile, or mislead (a person).A common Scottish use in the 16th century.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > deceive [verb (transitive)]

aschrenchc885

blendc888

swikec950

belirtOE

beswike971

blencha1000

blenka1000

belieOE

becatchc1175

trokec1175

beguile?c1225

biwrench?c1225

guile?c1225

trechec1230

unordainc1300

blink1303

deceivec1320

feintc1330

trechetc1330

misusea1382

blind1382

forgo1382

beglose1393

troil1393

turnc1405

lirt?a1425

abuse?a1439

ludify1447

amuse1480

wilec1480

trump1487

delude?a1505

sile1508

betrumpa1522

blear1530

aveugle1543

mislippen1552

pot1560

disglose1565

oversile1568

blaze1570

blirre1570

bleck1573

overtake1581

fail1590

bafflea1592

blanch1592

geck?a1600

hallucinate1604

hoodwink1610

intrigue1612

guggle1617

nigglea1625

nose-wipe1628

cog1629

cheat1637

flam1637

nurse1639

jilt1660

top1663

chaldese1664

bilk1672

bejuggle1680

nuzzlec1680

snub1694

bite1709

nebus1712

fugle1719

to take in1740

have?1780

quirk1791

rum1812

rattlesnake1818

chicane1835

to suck in1842

mogue1854

blinker1865

to have on1867

mag1869

sleight1876

bumfuzzle1878

swop1890

wool1890

spruce1917

jive1928

shit1934

smokescreen1950

dick1964

1508 W. Dunbar Goldyn Targe (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems (1998) I. 190 Dissymulance was besy me to sile.

c1550 Lyndesay Trag. Abp. St. Andrews 205 With sweit and subtell wordis I did hym syle.

1584 King James VI & I Ess. Prentise Poesie sig. Eiiij With doubtsum talk she craftely begylde, Not only Grece, but Spaine and Indes she sylde.

3. To cover, hide, conceal.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > hide, conceal [verb (transitive)]

heeleOE

forhelec888

i-hedec888

dernc893

hidec897

wryOE

behelec1000

behidec1000

bewryc1000

forhidec1000

overheleOE

hilla1250

fealc1325

cover1340

forcover1382

blinda1400

hulsterc1400

overclosec1400

concealc1425

shroud1426

blend1430

close1430

shadow1436

obumber?1440

mufflea1450

alaynec1450

mew?c1450

purloin1461

to keep close?1471

oversilec1478

bewrap1481

supprime1490

occulta1500

silec1500

smoor1513

shadec1530

skleir1532

oppressa1538

hudder-mudder1544

pretex1548

lap?c1550

absconce1570

to steek away1575

couch1577

recondite1578

huddle1581

mew1581

enshrine1582

enshroud1582

mask1582

veil1582

abscondc1586

smotherc1592

blot1593

sheathe1594

immask1595

secret1595

bemist1598

palliate1598

hoodwinka1600

overmaska1600

hugger1600

obscure1600

upwrap1600

undisclose1601

disguise1605

screen1611

underfold1612

huke1613

eclipsea1616

encavea1616

ensconcea1616

obscurify1622

cloud1623

inmewa1625

beclouda1631

pretext1634

covert1647

sconce1652

tapisa1660

shun1661

sneak1701

overlay1719

secrete1741

blank1764

submerge1796

slur1813

wrap1817

buttress1820

stifle1820

disidentify1845

to stick away1900

c1500 W. Kennedy Passion of Christ 92 Silit he wes vnder schaddew of syn.

a1505 R. Henryson Test. Cresseid 10 in Poems (1981) 111 Quhen Titan had his bemis bricht Withdrawin doun and sylit vnder cure.

1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid xiii. Prol. 42 Baith man and beste..Involuit in tha schaddois warrin sild.

1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. i. xxiii. f. 68 Thai offend the Iuge, fra quhom thai syle & hyde the veritie.

Derivatives

† siled adj. Obsolete

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > not seeing or preventing from seeing > [adjective] > blindfolded

blindwharvedc1320

yblynded1387

winking1390

blindfold1483

siled1567

amaskeda1571

blindfolded1579

hoodwink1580

veiled1602

andabatarian1624

muffled?1630

hoodwinked1640

hooded1652

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > [adjective] > deceived

blindc1000

aguiledc1300

overseena1393

guiledc1400

bleared1549

fonded1566

siled1567

illuded1610

outwitted1766

sold1876

1567 R. Sempill Test. & Trag. King Henrie (single sheet) Quhair [Venus] anis gettis in hir gouernance Sic sylit subiectis felterit in hir snair.

1612 J. Davies Muses Sacrifice in Wks. (Grosart) II. 48/2 While like a siled Doue, we (Lord) aspire.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

† silev.⁴

Forms: Also Middle English–1500s syle.

Etymology: Scottish and northern variant of ceil v.

Obsolete.

= ceil v. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > surfacing or cladding > clad or cover [verb (transitive)]

silea1525

case1674

reface1809

surface1897

clad1939

a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 671 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 116 A palace..Pantit and apparalit proudly in pane Sylit semely with silk.

?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Hiv ^v To sile a wale, lambroisser.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Kings vi. 20 He syled the altare with Ceder.

Derivatives

† siled adj. Obsolete ceiled.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > roof > ceiling > [adjective] > ceilinged

silouredc1440

siled1535

lofted1639

ceilinged18..

ceiled1872

ceilinged-off1884

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Judges iii. 20 He sat in a syled Sommer perler.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Hag. i. A Ye youre selues can fynde tyme to dwell in syled houses.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

n.¹1338

n.²1459

n.³1769

v.¹a1400

v.²14..

v.³1398

v.⁴a1525

单词	sile
释义	silen.¹ Brit. /sʌɪl/, U.S. /saɪl/, Scottish English /sʌil/ Forms: Also Middle English, 1800s syle, 1500s syelle, 1700s–1800s dialect soil. Etymology: Of doubtful origin; perhaps representing Old English sýl pillar, column. northern and Scottish. A large roofing-timber or rafter, usually one of a pair. Also sile-tree. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > framework of building > [noun] > roof-beam pan1284 roof-tree1321 wiverc1325 sile1338 wind-beam1374 bindbalkc1425 trave1432 purlin1439 side-waver1451 wind-balk1532 roof beam1551 post1567 crock1570 spercil1570 collar-beam1659 camber1679 top-beam1679 camber-beam1721 jack rafter1736 hammer-beam1823 tie-beam1823 spar-piece1842 viga1844 collar1858 spanner1862 cruck1898 1338 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 377 vij copule de syles longitudinis xvj pedum, et iiij^or copule de syles longitudinis xxviij^to pedum. 1371 in W. H. D. Longstaffe & J. Booth Halmota Prioratus Dunelmensis (1889) 111 Reparabit unam grangiam de uno pare de siles et duobus gauil forks. 1582 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 46 In the hay barne. Certaine sawen baulkes, viz., ix dormonds, and j sile. 1763 Philos. Trans. 1762 (Royal Soc.) 52 513 A round hole..was pierced through the carved oak,..and a piece of the main soil..struck off. 1772 Philos. Trans. 1771 (Royal Soc.) 61 75 Upon this pillar rested a large oak soil. 1811 W. Aiton Gen. View Agric. Ayr 114 The roof was formed of strong cupples termed Syles, set up 8 or 10 feet distant from each other. 1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Syles, the principal rafters of a house. 1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 1033 Soils, a provincial term, chiefly..used in the north, signifying the principal rafters of a roof. 1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) Sile trees, the timber roof~blades of a thatched clay house. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022). silen.² Brit. /sʌɪl/, U.S. /saɪl/, Scottish English /sʌil/ Forms: Also Middle English–1600s, 1800s syle, 1500s syell. Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norse síl. Etymology: < Old Norse síl (Norwegian and Swedish sil ): compare sile v.² northern (and Scottish). A strainer or sieve, esp. one for milk. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of dairy produce > [noun] > milk straining > milk strainer milksile1459 sile1459 sye1468 sythe1568 siling-dish1574 milk strainer1668 sile-dish1668 milsey1697 siler1856 1459 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 89 j pelvis cum foraminibus vocata j Syle. 1483 Cath. Angl. 339/2 A mylke Syle, colatorium. 1563 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 207 ij great bowells, iij wodd skailles, one syle. 1563 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 208 One syell, j vergeus barrell, vj mylk bowlls. 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Lii/1 A Sile, colum. 1615 G. Markham Eng. House-wife (1668) ii. vi. 144 The bottom of this Syle through which the milk must pass, must be covered with a very clean-washt fine linnen-cloth. 1684 G. Meriton York-shire Dial. 35 Now let us hame and late for Bowls and Sile. 1788 W. Marshall Provincialisms E. Yorks. in Rural Econ. Yorks. II. 352 Sile, a milk-strainer. 1825– in dial. gloss. (Yks., Northumbld., Lancs., Nott., Linc., etc.). This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022). silen.³ Brit. /sʌɪl/, U.S. /saɪl/, Scottish English /sʌil/ Forms: Also 1800s syle (dialect soil); sill. Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymology: Of Scandinavian origin: compare Old Norse and Icelandic síld, Middle Swedish sildh, silþ (Swedish sill), Norwegian and Danish sild herring; also Icelandic síli (older síl) a herring. northern and Scottish. Young herring. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > order Clupeiformes > [noun] > family Clupeidae and herrings > member of > young brit1602 bret1726 yawling1758 sile1769 silk-shag1880–4 sprat1880–4 sparling1884 sild1921 α. 1769 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) III. iv. 288 The young herrings..are then from half an inch to two inches long: those in Yorkshire are called Herring Sile. 1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words II Soil, the fry of the coal-fish. Cumb. 1863 J. Ingelow Poems 186 Our folk call them syle and nought but syle, And when they're grown, why then we call them herring. 1880–4 F. Day Fishes Great Brit. & Ireland I. 295 The fry are called..soil, poodler, billets or billiards up to one year of age. 1880–4 F. Day Fishes Great Brit. & Ireland II. 210 Small ones [herring] not larger than a sprat are termed sills, or sile. β. 1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words II Sill, the young of a herring. North.1863 Rep. Royal Comm. Operation Acts Trawling for Herring Scotl. 26 in Parl. Papers (C. 3106) XVIII. 139 The herring is found under four different conditions: 1st, Fry or Sill. 1880-4² [see α. ]. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022). silev.¹ Forms: Also Middle English, 1800s syle. Origin: Probably a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymology: Probably of Scandinavian origin: compare Norwegian and Swedish dialect sila to flow gently, to pour with rain; but these senses have something in common with sile v.², and are usually associated with that word. Obsolete exc. northern dialect. 1. intransitive. To go, pass, move; to glide. Usually with prepositions or adverbs. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > progressive motion > specific manner of progressive motion > move progressively in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > smoothly slidea950 scritheOE glidea1275 silec1400 swima1556 steal1626 slip1680 snoove1719 skate1775 sleek1818 c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 131 He..Solased hem with semblaunt & syled fyrre; Tron fro table to table & talkede ay myrþe. c1400 Rowland & O. 401 Til a chambire gan þay syle, And gayly gan hym dighte. c1420 J. Lydgate Life Our Lady (Caxton) d ij And fysshe eke with fynnes silid fayre. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1973 Sile furth of my sight in a sad haste. 1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 14 As sober evening sweetly siles along.1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby Sile past, to glide by. 2. a. To fall or sink (down). Also dialect, to subside. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (intransitive)] > sink syec888 besinkc893 asye1024 asinkc1275 sink?a1300 settlec1315 silea1400 droopc1540 recide1628 subsidate1653 squat1687 pitch1751 gravitate1823 a1400–50 Alexander (Ashm.) 3043 Siles doun on aithire side selcuth kniȝtis, Sum darid, sum dede, sum depe wondid. c1475 (?c1425) Avowing of King Arthur (1984) l. 253 Wyth sit siles he adowne. To brittun him þe king was bowne. 1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. biiii He hard ane bugill blast..As the seymly sone silit to the rest. 1674 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 41 To Sile down: Lincoln, to fall to the bottom, or subside.1827 J. Clare Shepherd's Cal. 180 The white sand..Now swimming up in silver threads, and then Slow siling down to bubble up again. b. dialect. To fall down in a swoon; to faint away. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > physical insensibility > unconsciousness > lose consciousness [verb (intransitive)] > faint or swoon swotherc1000 swowa1250 swoonc1290 sweltc1330 trance1340 to fall on, in swowa1375 swapc1386 sound1393 dwelea1400 swaya1400 faintc1440 owmawt1440 swalmc1440 sweamc1440 syncopize1490 dwalm?a1513 swarf1513 swound1530 cothe1567 sweb1599 to go away1655 to die away1707 go1768 sink1769 sile1790 to pass out1915 to black out1935 1790 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. (ed. 2) To sile away, to faint away. 1820 J. Clare Poems Rural Life (ed. 3) 152 ‘Your Nelly's beguiled!’ She said, and she siled on the floor. 1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 233 Sile, to faint, to sink, or subside gradually. 3. †a. Of tears, etc.: To flow. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > lachrymal organs > flow [verb (intransitive)] tricklec1386 stress?a1400 silec1540 deraina1561 stream1812 c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 9210 Terys on his chekes Ronen full rifely..Þen he driet vp the dropes, & [? read þat] dreghly can syle. 1790 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. (ed. 2) To sile o'er, to boil over. a1800 Lord Derwentwater iii, in Bell Rhymes N. Bards (1812) 225 When he read the three next lines The tears began to sile. 1807 [see siling n. at Derivatives]. 1829 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words (new ed.) Sile, to percolate, to flow. 1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) at Syle ‘It syl't and bled,’ after the manner of a syle. b. dialect. Of rain: To pour (down). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > rain falls [verb (intransitive)] > rain heavily ropec1450 to ding down1554 to come down1597 to ding onc1650 to rain cats and dogs1661 sile1703 pour1737 teem1753 pepper1767 flood1813 to rain pitchforks1815 rash1824 spate1853 bucket1926 tipplea1930 piss1948 1703 R. Thoresby Let. 27 Apr. in J. Ray Corr. (1848) 427 It Siles, i. e. rains fast. 1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Sile,..to pour down with rain. 1865 Cornhill Mag. July 33 Rain in the Northern counties, when it falls perpendicularly, is said to ‘sile down’, as if in allusion to its passing through a sieve. 1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skirlaugh III. 171 ‘It'll sile down till night,’..replied the groom. Derivatives † ˈsiling n. Obsolete ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > lachrymal organs > [noun] > excretion from eyes wateringa1475 silingc1540 eye-watering1840 c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1307 Þe kyng..siket full sore with sylyng of teris. 1807 J. Stagg Misc. Poems (new ed.) 65 Rashly they scale the scattran swathe,..An' seylin sweats their haffets bathe. † ˈsiling adj. Obsolete ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > liquid which has been emitted > action or process of emitting copiously > [adjective] > in or as in showers siling?a1400 showering1576 ?a1400 Morte Arth. 3794 Thane syghande he saide, with sylande terys. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022). silev.² Forms: Also Middle English–1600s, 1800s syle, 1700s–1800s Scottish seil, 1700s soil. Etymology: Of Scandinavian origin: cf Middle Swedish siila, sila, Swedish and Norwegian sila in the same sense, perhaps related to Frisian silje to sift. Now dialect. 1. transitive. To strain; esp. to pass (milk) through a sieve or strainer. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of dairy produce > [verb (transitive)] > strain milk sile14.. the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > straining > strain [verb (transitive)] syec725 strainc1386 sile14.. sythe1440 farcea1475 colate1631 elutriate1731 colander1887 tammy1903 14.. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17 f. 281, in Halliw. (at cited word) Temper it with hate ale, and sythene syle it thorowe a hate clathe. a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 695 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 322 Þo euwere thurgh towelle syles clene, His water into þo bassynges shene. 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Lii/1 To Syle, milke, colare lac. 1615 G. Markham Eng. House-wife (1660) 150 You shall take your milk..as it comes from the Cow, and syle it into a clean Tub. 1674 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 44 To Soil milk, to cleanse it. 1721 J. Kelly Compl. Coll. Scotish Prov. 274 Our Sowins are ill sowr'd, ill seil'd, ill-salted,..and few o' them. 1788 W. Marshall Provincialisms E. Yorks. in Rural Econ. Yorks. II. 352 To Sile, to strain, as fresh milk from the cow. 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian ii, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. II. 41 The brown four-year-auld's milk is not seiled yet. 1825– in dial. glossaries (E. Anglia, Northamp., Linc., etc.) 1892 J. Lucas tr. P. Kalm Acct. Visit Eng. 173 That which was over was siled in the above-named manner and made into butter. in extended use.1820 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. May 159 The..gentle Nith canna call a single fin its ain,—they syle its current through the herling nets 'tween yule and yule.1847 J. Halliday Rustic Bard 264 The purest o' water is siel'd through the rock. †2. dialect. To pour. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or fact of pouring or being poured > pour [verb (transitive)] ayetOE yetOE hieldc1200 shed?c1225 pourc1330 peera1522 brew1581 swill1605 sile1787 1787 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. at Syle He siled a gallon of ale down his throat. Derivatives siled adj. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > straining > [adjective] > strained strained1591 colate1661 well-strained1665 sileda1800 a1800 S. Pegge Suppl. Grose's Provinc. Gloss. (1814) Sil'd Milk, skimmed milk. ˈsiler n. a milk-strainer (cf. siling-dish n.). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of dairy produce > [noun] > milk straining > milk strainer milksile1459 sile1459 sye1468 sythe1568 siling-dish1574 milk strainer1668 sile-dish1668 milsey1697 siler1856 1856 G. Henderson Pop. Rhymes Berwick 82 He handed her the milk-strainer, the milsey, or seiler. ˈsiling n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of dairy produce > [noun] > milk straining siling1615 1615 G. Markham Eng. Hus-wife in Countrey Contentments ii. iv. 109 (margin) Silling of milke. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online December 2020). † silev.³ Forms: Also 1500s–1600s syle. Etymology: < Old French ciller (siller ), < cil eyelash, or medieval Latin ciliare (Du Cange). The usual English form is seel v.² Obsolete. Chiefly Scottish. 1. transitive. To sew up (the eyes of a hawk). rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > hawking > [verb (transitive)] > sew up eyes sile1398 enseel1486 seela1500 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum xii. ii. (Tollemache MS.) Ofte þe yȝen of suche briddes [hawks] beþ þere siled, closid oþer hid. 2. a. To cover (the eyes or sight). Also with up. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > not seeing or preventing from seeing > prevent from seeing [verb (transitive)] > blindfold or cover eyes blindfold?c1225 to stop (a person's) eyes or sightc1380 enclose1477 silec1500 hoodwink1562 muffle1573 scarf1598 bluff1673 to seal (a person's) eyes or ears1700 bonnet1828 blink1846 occlude1921 c1500 W. Kennedy Passion of Christ 448 Sum..filit his cristall eyne, And silit his sicht, as he a fule had bene. 1575 Reg. Privy Counc. Scotl. II. 479 Tuke thame nakit furth of thair beddis, and sylit thair eyis unto the tyme thay had distroyit the saidis houssis. 1629 W. Mure True Crucifixe 649 Now, siling vp his eyes, Hee streight must show Who him did most with causelesse strips infest. b. figurative. To deceive (the sight). ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > optical illusion > [verb (transitive)] > deceive the sight sile1608 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > deception by illusion, delusion > deceive, delude [verb (transitive)] bedidderc1000 bipechec1000 swikeOE fodea1375 flatter1377 to make believea1393 illude1447 miscarrya1450 to fode forth (also occasionally forward, off, on, out)1479 delude1493 sophisticate1597 sile1608 prestigiate1647 will-o'-the-wisp1660 bilk1672 foxa1716 fickle1736 moonshine1824 1608 T. Hudson tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Ivdith ii. 30 in J. Sylvester Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) Thus siling humain sight, it chaunged forme, One while a Rod, one while a creeping worme. c1614 W. Mure tr. Virgil Dido & Æneas iii. in Wks. (1898) I. 422 Wast for this thow sought by slight To syle my sight, thy curst designes to cloake? c. To deceive, beguile, or mislead (a person).A common Scottish use in the 16th century. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > deceive [verb (transitive)] aschrenchc885 blendc888 swikec950 belirtOE beswike971 blencha1000 blenka1000 belieOE becatchc1175 trokec1175 beguile?c1225 biwrench?c1225 guile?c1225 trechec1230 unordainc1300 blink1303 deceivec1320 feintc1330 trechetc1330 misusea1382 blind1382 forgo1382 beglose1393 troil1393 turnc1405 lirt?a1425 abuse?a1439 ludify1447 amuse1480 wilec1480 trump1487 delude?a1505 sile1508 betrumpa1522 blear1530 aveugle1543 mislippen1552 pot1560 disglose1565 oversile1568 blaze1570 blirre1570 bleck1573 overtake1581 fail1590 bafflea1592 blanch1592 geck?a1600 hallucinate1604 hoodwink1610 intrigue1612 guggle1617 nigglea1625 nose-wipe1628 cog1629 cheat1637 flam1637 nurse1639 jilt1660 top1663 chaldese1664 bilk1672 bejuggle1680 nuzzlec1680 snub1694 bite1709 nebus1712 fugle1719 to take in1740 have?1780 quirk1791 rum1812 rattlesnake1818 chicane1835 to suck in1842 mogue1854 blinker1865 to have on1867 mag1869 sleight1876 bumfuzzle1878 swop1890 wool1890 spruce1917 jive1928 shit1934 smokescreen1950 dick1964 1508 W. Dunbar Goldyn Targe (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems (1998) I. 190 Dissymulance was besy me to sile. c1550 Lyndesay Trag. Abp. St. Andrews 205 With sweit and subtell wordis I did hym syle. 1584 King James VI & I Ess. Prentise Poesie sig. Eiiij With doubtsum talk she craftely begylde, Not only Grece, but Spaine and Indes she sylde. 3. To cover, hide, conceal. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > hide, conceal [verb (transitive)] heeleOE forhelec888 i-hedec888 dernc893 hidec897 wryOE behelec1000 behidec1000 bewryc1000 forhidec1000 overheleOE hilla1250 fealc1325 cover1340 forcover1382 blinda1400 hulsterc1400 overclosec1400 concealc1425 shroud1426 blend1430 close1430 shadow1436 obumber?1440 mufflea1450 alaynec1450 mew?c1450 purloin1461 to keep close?1471 oversilec1478 bewrap1481 supprime1490 occulta1500 silec1500 smoor1513 shadec1530 skleir1532 oppressa1538 hudder-mudder1544 pretex1548 lap?c1550 absconce1570 to steek away1575 couch1577 recondite1578 huddle1581 mew1581 enshrine1582 enshroud1582 mask1582 veil1582 abscondc1586 smotherc1592 blot1593 sheathe1594 immask1595 secret1595 bemist1598 palliate1598 hoodwinka1600 overmaska1600 hugger1600 obscure1600 upwrap1600 undisclose1601 disguise1605 screen1611 underfold1612 huke1613 eclipsea1616 encavea1616 ensconcea1616 obscurify1622 cloud1623 inmewa1625 beclouda1631 pretext1634 covert1647 sconce1652 tapisa1660 shun1661 sneak1701 overlay1719 secrete1741 blank1764 submerge1796 slur1813 wrap1817 buttress1820 stifle1820 disidentify1845 to stick away1900 c1500 W. Kennedy Passion of Christ 92 Silit he wes vnder schaddew of syn. a1505 R. Henryson Test. Cresseid 10 in Poems (1981) 111 Quhen Titan had his bemis bricht Withdrawin doun and sylit vnder cure. 1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid xiii. Prol. 42 Baith man and beste..Involuit in tha schaddois warrin sild. 1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. i. xxiii. f. 68 Thai offend the Iuge, fra quhom thai syle & hyde the veritie. Derivatives † siled adj. Obsolete ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > not seeing or preventing from seeing > [adjective] > blindfolded blindwharvedc1320 yblynded1387 winking1390 blindfold1483 siled1567 amaskeda1571 blindfolded1579 hoodwink1580 veiled1602 andabatarian1624 muffled?1630 hoodwinked1640 hooded1652 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > [adjective] > deceived blindc1000 aguiledc1300 overseena1393 guiledc1400 bleared1549 fonded1566 siled1567 illuded1610 outwitted1766 sold1876 1567 R. Sempill Test. & Trag. King Henrie (single sheet) Quhair [Venus] anis gettis in hir gouernance Sic sylit subiectis felterit in hir snair. 1612 J. Davies Muses Sacrifice in Wks. (Grosart) II. 48/2 While like a siled Doue, we (Lord) aspire. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online September 2021). † silev.⁴ Forms: Also Middle English–1500s syle. Etymology: Scottish and northern variant of ceil v. Obsolete. = ceil v. 2. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > surfacing or cladding > clad or cover [verb (transitive)] silea1525 case1674 reface1809 surface1897 clad1939 a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 671 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 116 A palace..Pantit and apparalit proudly in pane Sylit semely with silk. ?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Hiv ^v To sile a wale, lambroisser. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Kings vi. 20 He syled the altare with Ceder. Derivatives † siled adj. Obsolete ceiled. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > roof > ceiling > [adjective] > ceilinged silouredc1440 siled1535 lofted1639 ceilinged18.. ceiled1872 ceilinged-off1884 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Judges iii. 20 He sat in a syled Sommer perler. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Hag. i. A Ye youre selues can fynde tyme to dwell in syled houses. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.¹1338n.²1459n.³1769v.¹a1400v.²14..v.³1398v.⁴a1525
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