simplessen.

Brit.

/sɪmˈplɛs/,

/sãˈplɛs/, U.S.

/sɪmˈplɛs/,

/sæmˈplɛs/

Forms: Middle English simplesce, Middle English siplesse (transmission error), Middle English symplesce, Middle English sympless, Middle English–1500s symplesse, Middle English–1600s 1800s– simplesse, 1600s simpl'esse, 1600s simplêsse; also Scottish pre-1700 sympless.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French simplesse.

Etymology: Originally < Anglo-Norman and Middle French simplesse, simplesce (French simplesse ) guilelessness, innocence, goodness (late 12th cent. in Old French), lack of learning (13th cent.), stupidity, foolishness, humility, absence of complexity (all 14th cent.) < simple simple adj. + -esse -ess suffix². In later use (in sense 6) reborrowed < French simplesse (see note). Compare earlier simplety n.Compare Old Occitan simpleza , Spanish simpleza (both 13th cent.), Portuguese simpleza (14th cent.). Specific senses. For the sense intended in sense 6 by Arnold (and apparently also by later writers) see:1862 M. Arnold On translating Homer: Last Words 57 French criticism..has invented a useful word to distinguish this semblance (often very beautiful and valuable) from the real quality. The real quality it calls simplicité, the semblance simplesse. Historical variation of stress position. In early use usually stressed on the second syllable, although first-syllable stress is sporadically found in Gower ( Confessio Amantis I. 62, III. 213).

†1. Humility, modesty; = simpleness n. 4. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > humility > modesty > [noun]

simplesse1340

methec1390

simplenessc1400

demurity1483

demureness?1518

modestness1546

modesty1553

unaspiringness1681

unpretendingness1701

unassumingness1768

unostentatiousness1807

unpresumingness1837

unpretentiousness1855

unassertiveness1934

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 140 (MED) Vor one of þe guode doȝtren þet mildenesse heþ is holy simplesse.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. l. 2099 Whan he..to so vil a povere wrecche Him deigneth schewe such simplesce.

c1440 (?a1375) Abbey Holy Ghost (Thornton) in G. G. Perry Relig. Pieces in Prose & Verse (1914) 57 Ouer-grete symplesse may make of þe symple a sott.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. clxxxxv^v/1 There ben twelue vertues vyrgynal.., that is to wete feythe,..symplesse, Innocence, concorde.

1529 S. Fish tr. H. Bomelius Summe Holye Script. xxi. sig. L.i^v All humylite and simplesse, that was yn Iesus Christ and his appostles yn theym ys holly perysshed.

†2. Innocence, guilelessness; honesty; = simpleness n. 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > unaffectedness or naturalness > [noun] > artlessness, guilessness, or innocence

simplesse1372

simplenessa1382

innocencec1385

simplicitya1500

innocencya1513

ingenuousness1611

plain-heartedness1647

artlessness1663

naivety1708

naïveté1725

acacy1727

simple-heartedness1822

simple-mindedness1827

naiveness1854

onefoldness1887

authenticity1910

1372 in E. Wilson Descriptive Index Lyrics John of Grimestone's Preaching Bk. (1973) 15 (MED) Betre is þe pore in his siplesse [read simplesse] þan þe riche þat liuet with vnrithfulnesse.

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. l. 4763 (MED) Symplesse, which that can nat varie, May neuer accorde with a baratour.

1591 A. Fraunce Countesse of Pembrokes Yuychurch i. ii. sig. C4 Phillis fayne and make but a shew of a symplesse.

1613 W. Browne Britannia's Pastorals I. iii. 51 Had Nature vnto man such simpl'esse giuen, He would like birds be farre more neere to heauen.

†3. Lack of knowledge or education; ignorance; foolishness; = simpleness n. 2a. Obsolete (archaic and poetic in later use).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > want of knowledge, ignorance > [noun]

unwisdomc825

nutelnessa1200

ignorance?c1225

uncunningc1290

uncunnessa1300

unwittingnessa1300

unknowledging1357

lewdness1362

unsciencec1374

mislearninga1382

simplenessa1382

unknowinga1382

ignorancec1384

unwittingc1384

simplessec1391

rudenessc1400

unweeting14..

lewdhead1401

misknowing?a1425

simplicityc1450

unknowledge1470

discognisancec1475

unknowingness1486

non-knowledge1503

ignorancy1526

simplehead1543

unlearnedness1555

ignoration1563

rusticity1571

ignorantness1574

ignoring1578

inscience1578

ignoramus1583

ingramness1589

lack-learning1590

idiotism1598

ignoramus1598

idiocy1605

nesciencea1625

nescio1637

inerudition1685

unawareness1847

agnosia1879

moronism1922

cluelessness1960

the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > weakness of intellect > simplicity, simple-mindedness > [noun]

simplenessa1382

innocencec1385

simplessec1391

simplicityc1450

innocencya1513

simplehead1543

greenness1548

insipidity1603

seeliness1642

niaiserie1657

silliness1736

simpletonism1825

simple-mindedness1827

simpletonianism1848

noodleness1931

c1391 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Bodl. 294) Prol. l. 76* Forthi the symplesce of my wit I thenke if that it myhte avayle In his service to travaile..To make a bok after his heste.

?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 111 It is no meruaylle þanne þat the paynemes..beleeven more largely for here sympless.

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 171 He throu ignoraunce & sympless gafe the sauf condyt.

1537 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. II. 93 Suplying your Lordship to admytte my symplesse for I have don in hit the moost of my power.

1889 J. R. Lowell in Atlantic Monthly Aug. 148 Property's dividing line No hint of dispossession drew On any map my simplesse knew.

†4. Absence of luxury; poverty; frugality; = simpleness n. 6. Obsolete (rare after 16th cent.).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > ignobleness or baseness > [noun]

villainyc1386

simplessea1393

littlenessa1400

unnoblenessc1400

unnobilitya1425

unnobletya1425

ignoblenessc1450

ignobility?a1475

vileness1549

vilityc1550

haskardy?1578

dunghillry1581

indignity1589

beggarya1616

ignoblesse?1616

poorness1625

lowness1652

meanness1660

the mind > attention and judgement > bad taste > lack of refinement > [noun]

simplessea1393

roughnessa1398

rudenessc1405

unrefinedness1607

simpleness1648

unpolishedness1652

unpoliteness1700

sordidness1704

ungenteelness1706

indelicacy1712

unrefinement1769

ungentility1822

unprinceliness1855

outbackery1961

the mind > possession > poverty > [noun] > condition of being poor

simplessea1393

simplenessc1440

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. l. 613 He clotheth richesse, as men sein, Under the simplesce of poverte.

1425 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Apr. 1425 §12. m. 2 Roger Hunt..consideryng..specialy his grete insufficience and simplesse, humbly besought þe highnesse..to graunte..þat what evir he shuld seye in þis matier, þat he myght seyen hit under protestation.

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. l. 6299 (MED) Ther is mor trust in vertuous symplesse Than in presumyng off vicious fals richesse.

a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (BL Add. 9066) (1879) 272 Therfore I had me in all thynges as a Religious man in symplesse.

1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. July 172 Their weedes bene not so nighly wore; Such simplesse mought them shend.

a1637 B. Jonson Under-woods lxxv. 44 in Wks. (1640) III Darting forth a dazling light On all that come her Simplêsse to rebuke.

1919 Catholic World Jan. 535 He..tests how nearly related to real poverty was the simplesse of his mode of living.

†5. Lack of complexity or intricacy; = simpleness n. 3. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > [noun] > absence of complexity

simplenessa1398

simplesse?c1400

plainness1669

incomplexity1778

simplism1840

elementariness1862

the world > relative properties > wholeness > state or quality of being simple, unmixed, or uncompounded > [noun]

purenessa1398

simplenessa1398

simplicitya1398

simplesse?c1400

sincerity1546

purity1553

incompoundness1600

unmixedness1612

immixtness1646

immixture1648

uncompoundedness1649

meracity1656

incommixturea1682

singleness1695

simplexity1817

sheerness1903

?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) iv. pr. vi. l. 3914 Þilke cercle þat is inrest or moost wiþynne ioineþ to þe symplesse of þe myddel.

6. Simplicity of expression in music or literature which is inauthentic or forced, typically in being overly or heavy-handedly simple.

ΚΠ

1862 M. Arnold On translating Homer: Last Words 57 What is called simplicity in the productions of a genius essentially not simple, is in truth simplesse.

1865 Spectator 28 Jan. 100/1 He..introduced into the magnificent poem ‘On the Intimations of Immortality’ the forced simplesse of—‘The young lambs bound To the tabor's sound.’

1923 Times Lit. Suppl. 26 July 498/2 He still retains a tendency towards a slightly drab sentimentalism, and his simplicity is still not free from suspicion of simplesse.

1966 Listener 24 Nov. 781/2 This chamber-music is a universe away from the stuttering simplesse of do-it-yourself Hemingway.

2000 Musical Times Summer 53/1 It shows Copland's later hommage [sic] to the common chord to be no affected simplesse, but powerfully affective simplicity.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	simplesse
释义	simplessen. Brit. /sɪmˈplɛs/, /sãˈplɛs/, U.S. /sɪmˈplɛs/, /sæmˈplɛs/ Forms: Middle English simplesce, Middle English siplesse (transmission error), Middle English symplesce, Middle English sympless, Middle English–1500s symplesse, Middle English–1600s 1800s– simplesse, 1600s simpl'esse, 1600s simplêsse; also Scottish pre-1700 sympless. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French simplesse. Etymology: Originally < Anglo-Norman and Middle French simplesse, simplesce (French simplesse ) guilelessness, innocence, goodness (late 12th cent. in Old French), lack of learning (13th cent.), stupidity, foolishness, humility, absence of complexity (all 14th cent.) < simple simple adj. + -esse -ess suffix². In later use (in sense 6) reborrowed < French simplesse (see note). Compare earlier simplety n.Compare Old Occitan simpleza , Spanish simpleza (both 13th cent.), Portuguese simpleza (14th cent.). Specific senses. For the sense intended in sense 6 by Arnold (and apparently also by later writers) see:1862 M. Arnold On translating Homer: Last Words 57 French criticism..has invented a useful word to distinguish this semblance (often very beautiful and valuable) from the real quality. The real quality it calls simplicité, the semblance simplesse. Historical variation of stress position. In early use usually stressed on the second syllable, although first-syllable stress is sporadically found in Gower ( Confessio Amantis I. 62, III. 213). †1. Humility, modesty; = simpleness n. 4. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > humility > modesty > [noun] simplesse1340 methec1390 simplenessc1400 demurity1483 demureness?1518 modestness1546 modesty1553 unaspiringness1681 unpretendingness1701 unassumingness1768 unostentatiousness1807 unpresumingness1837 unpretentiousness1855 unassertiveness1934 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 140 (MED) Vor one of þe guode doȝtren þet mildenesse heþ is holy simplesse. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. l. 2099 Whan he..to so vil a povere wrecche Him deigneth schewe such simplesce. c1440 (?a1375) Abbey Holy Ghost (Thornton) in G. G. Perry Relig. Pieces in Prose & Verse (1914) 57 Ouer-grete symplesse may make of þe symple a sott. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. clxxxxv^v/1 There ben twelue vertues vyrgynal.., that is to wete feythe,..symplesse, Innocence, concorde. 1529 S. Fish tr. H. Bomelius Summe Holye Script. xxi. sig. L.i^v All humylite and simplesse, that was yn Iesus Christ and his appostles yn theym ys holly perysshed. †2. Innocence, guilelessness; honesty; = simpleness n. 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > unaffectedness or naturalness > [noun] > artlessness, guilessness, or innocence simplesse1372 simplenessa1382 innocencec1385 simplicitya1500 innocencya1513 ingenuousness1611 plain-heartedness1647 artlessness1663 naivety1708 naïveté1725 acacy1727 simple-heartedness1822 simple-mindedness1827 naiveness1854 onefoldness1887 authenticity1910 1372 in E. Wilson Descriptive Index Lyrics John of Grimestone's Preaching Bk. (1973) 15 (MED) Betre is þe pore in his siplesse [read simplesse] þan þe riche þat liuet with vnrithfulnesse. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. l. 4763 (MED) Symplesse, which that can nat varie, May neuer accorde with a baratour. 1591 A. Fraunce Countesse of Pembrokes Yuychurch i. ii. sig. C4 Phillis fayne and make but a shew of a symplesse. 1613 W. Browne Britannia's Pastorals I. iii. 51 Had Nature vnto man such simpl'esse giuen, He would like birds be farre more neere to heauen. †3. Lack of knowledge or education; ignorance; foolishness; = simpleness n. 2a. Obsolete (archaic and poetic in later use). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > want of knowledge, ignorance > [noun] unwisdomc825 nutelnessa1200 ignorance?c1225 uncunningc1290 uncunnessa1300 unwittingnessa1300 unknowledging1357 lewdness1362 unsciencec1374 mislearninga1382 simplenessa1382 unknowinga1382 ignorancec1384 unwittingc1384 simplessec1391 rudenessc1400 unweeting14.. lewdhead1401 misknowing?a1425 simplicityc1450 unknowledge1470 discognisancec1475 unknowingness1486 non-knowledge1503 ignorancy1526 simplehead1543 unlearnedness1555 ignoration1563 rusticity1571 ignorantness1574 ignoring1578 inscience1578 ignoramus1583 ingramness1589 lack-learning1590 idiotism1598 ignoramus1598 idiocy1605 nesciencea1625 nescio1637 inerudition1685 unawareness1847 agnosia1879 moronism1922 cluelessness1960 the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > weakness of intellect > simplicity, simple-mindedness > [noun] simplenessa1382 innocencec1385 simplessec1391 simplicityc1450 innocencya1513 simplehead1543 greenness1548 insipidity1603 seeliness1642 niaiserie1657 silliness1736 simpletonism1825 simple-mindedness1827 simpletonianism1848 noodleness1931 c1391 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Bodl. 294) Prol. l. 76* Forthi the symplesce of my wit I thenke if that it myhte avayle In his service to travaile..To make a bok after his heste. ?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 111 It is no meruaylle þanne þat the paynemes..beleeven more largely for here sympless. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 171 He throu ignoraunce & sympless gafe the sauf condyt. 1537 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. II. 93 Suplying your Lordship to admytte my symplesse for I have don in hit the moost of my power. 1889 J. R. Lowell in Atlantic Monthly Aug. 148 Property's dividing line No hint of dispossession drew On any map my simplesse knew. †4. Absence of luxury; poverty; frugality; = simpleness n. 6. Obsolete (rare after 16th cent.). ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > ignobleness or baseness > [noun] villainyc1386 simplessea1393 littlenessa1400 unnoblenessc1400 unnobilitya1425 unnobletya1425 ignoblenessc1450 ignobility?a1475 vileness1549 vilityc1550 haskardy?1578 dunghillry1581 indignity1589 beggarya1616 ignoblesse?1616 poorness1625 lowness1652 meanness1660 the mind > attention and judgement > bad taste > lack of refinement > [noun] simplessea1393 roughnessa1398 rudenessc1405 unrefinedness1607 simpleness1648 unpolishedness1652 unpoliteness1700 sordidness1704 ungenteelness1706 indelicacy1712 unrefinement1769 ungentility1822 unprinceliness1855 outbackery1961 the mind > possession > poverty > [noun] > condition of being poor simplessea1393 simplenessc1440 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. l. 613 He clotheth richesse, as men sein, Under the simplesce of poverte. 1425 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Apr. 1425 §12. m. 2 Roger Hunt..consideryng..specialy his grete insufficience and simplesse, humbly besought þe highnesse..to graunte..þat what evir he shuld seye in þis matier, þat he myght seyen hit under protestation. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. l. 6299 (MED) Ther is mor trust in vertuous symplesse Than in presumyng off vicious fals richesse. a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (BL Add. 9066) (1879) 272 Therfore I had me in all thynges as a Religious man in symplesse. 1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. July 172 Their weedes bene not so nighly wore; Such simplesse mought them shend. a1637 B. Jonson Under-woods lxxv. 44 in Wks. (1640) III Darting forth a dazling light On all that come her Simplêsse to rebuke. 1919 Catholic World Jan. 535 He..tests how nearly related to real poverty was the simplesse of his mode of living. †5. Lack of complexity or intricacy; = simpleness n. 3. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > [noun] > absence of complexity simplenessa1398 simplesse?c1400 plainness1669 incomplexity1778 simplism1840 elementariness1862 the world > relative properties > wholeness > state or quality of being simple, unmixed, or uncompounded > [noun] purenessa1398 simplenessa1398 simplicitya1398 simplesse?c1400 sincerity1546 purity1553 incompoundness1600 unmixedness1612 immixtness1646 immixture1648 uncompoundedness1649 meracity1656 incommixturea1682 singleness1695 simplexity1817 sheerness1903 ?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) iv. pr. vi. l. 3914 Þilke cercle þat is inrest or moost wiþynne ioineþ to þe symplesse of þe myddel. 6. Simplicity of expression in music or literature which is inauthentic or forced, typically in being overly or heavy-handedly simple. ΚΠ 1862 M. Arnold On translating Homer: Last Words 57 What is called simplicity in the productions of a genius essentially not simple, is in truth simplesse. 1865 Spectator 28 Jan. 100/1 He..introduced into the magnificent poem ‘On the Intimations of Immortality’ the forced simplesse of—‘The young lambs bound To the tabor's sound.’ 1923 Times Lit. Suppl. 26 July 498/2 He still retains a tendency towards a slightly drab sentimentalism, and his simplicity is still not free from suspicion of simplesse. 1966 Listener 24 Nov. 781/2 This chamber-music is a universe away from the stuttering simplesse of do-it-yourself Hemingway. 2000 Musical Times Summer 53/1 It shows Copland's later hommage [sic] to the common chord to be no affected simplesse, but powerfully affective simplicity. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1340
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