skulln.¹

Brit.

/skʌl/, U.S.

/skəl/

Forms: α. Middle English scolle, scol, scoll, scole; Middle English skolle, Middle English–1500s skoll, 1500s skol. β. Middle English schulle, Middle English–1600s sculle (1500s scoulle, 1600s scoule), 1500s–1600s scul, 1500s–1800s scull. γ. Middle English–1500s skulle, 1500s–1600s skul, Middle English– skull.

Etymology: Of obscure origin: first prominent in south-western texts of the 13–14th centuries, usually in the form scolle. A foreign origin is indicated by the initial sc-, sk-, but the locality of the early examples is against connection with Old Norse skoltr (Norwegian skolt, skult, Swedish skult, dialect skulle) skull, poll, or with Norwegian dialect skul, skol shell (of nuts or eggs). There is correspondence of form with Dutch schol, Middle Low German schulle, Middle High German (and German) scholle (Old High German scolla, scollo) earthy crust, turf, piece of ice (compare also Swedish skolla metal plate), but there is no evidence that these were ever used in the sense of ‘skull’. The same difficulty applies to Old French escuelle, escule dish, nor would this readily have assumed the early form scolle.

a. The bony case or frame containing or enclosing the brain of man or other vertebrate animals; the cranium; also, the whole bony framework or skeleton of the head.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > [noun]

head boneeOE

head paneOE

panOE

brainpanOE

skull?c1225

harn-pan1340

brain skulla1400

calvairc1420

pot of the head?a1425

pan-bone1545

cranew1555

pannicle1590

pericranium1590

cranion1611

poll1721

braincase1726

brain-box1789

pericrane1804

cobbra1832

cranium1842

neurocranium1907

α.

c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 168 Robert de brok..þoruȝ þe scolle smot is swerd.

c1330 King of Tars 521 Summe pleyed of the heved, And summe heore scolles icleved.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 115 Golgotha is to menynge a baar scolle. For whan..mysdoeres were þere byheded, þe hedes were i-left þere.

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 216 Watir þat is gaderid in children hedis, ouþer it is wiþinne þe scolle or wiþoute þe scolle.

c1450 Two Cookery-bks. 79 Take a plouer, and breke his skoll, and pull him dry.

1506 tr. Kalender of Shepherdes sig. Kviii In the skol ben two bones which ben called parietalles that holdeth the brayne close and stedfast.

β. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 218 Ne ȝef þu him neauer inȝeong. ach tap him oðe sculle. for he is arch ase beore þron.c1340 Nominale (Skeat) 8 Greue, fountayne, et haterel, Sched, molde, and sculle.1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 2 Kings ix. 35 Thei founden not, no bot the scul, and the feet, and gobitis of the hond.c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 450/2 Sculle, of the heede, craneum.c1450 Two Cookery-bks. 80 Lete the sculle be hole.1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 209^v They haue the bones of the sculles of theyr heades foure tymes thycker..then owres.1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. xxvii. 180 Small rounde heades..with little hooles in them, like to a dead scull.1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 548 All these muscles are seated on the backe~side of the Eye within the cauity of the Scull.1725 N. Robinson New Theory of Physick 34 The Carotid Arteries..after they have enter'd the Scull.1782 W. Cowper Conversation in Poems 251 That truth itself is in her head as dull, And useless as a candle in a scull.1824 W. Irving Tales of Traveller II. 236 Ghosts being seen about..at night, with bare sculls and blue lights in their sockets.γ. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 371 Þis Albuinus had..overcome þe kyng of Gispides, and i-made hym a cuppe of his skulle forto drinke of.1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 128 The kyng in audience aboute Hath told it was hire fader Skulle.1579 G. Baker tr. Guydon Quest. Chirurg. 11 b Other [bones] be..saw~wise, as y^e skul of the head.1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 440 The skull or cranium is all that bone which compasseth the braine and after-brain like a helmet.1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures xxxi. 124 There were also other vessels laden with dead mens skuls.1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. IV. 240 A piece of a skull, which had belonged to..Oliver Cromwell.1830 R. Knox tr. P. A. Béclard Elements Gen. Anat. 209 The great veins of the skull or the sinuses.1877 J. A. Allen Amer. Bisons 454 Variations in the form of the skull are often strikingly apparent.

(a) The head as the proper seat of thought or intelligence. Commonly with allusion to dullness of intellect.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupidity, dullness of intellect > [noun] > empty or stupid head

skull1523

jolthead1533

fool's head1577

jolting pate1579

noddle1579

jobbernowl1598

loggerhead1598

cod's head1607

squirrel's brains1647

jolterhead1699

numbskull1718

fiddle-head1887

1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 82 Better a dum mouthe than a brainles scull.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) i. v. 109 Thou hast spoke..as if thy eldest sonne should be a foole: whose scull, Ioue cramme with braines.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 488 Your Sexe, Whose empty Sculles..your selues peruersely vexe.

a1795 W. Cowper Pairing Time 8 Ev'n the child who knows no better..Must have a most uncommon skull.

1823 W. Cobbett Rural Rides in Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 13 Sept. 689 It has, at last, been hammered into their skulls, that the interest cannot be paid in full, if wheat sells low.

1857 C. Reade Course True Love 99 We..have not an idea of our own in our sculls.

(b) slang. out of one's skull, out of one's mind, crazy. Also succeeding past participle, as bored out of one's skull, beside oneself with boredom, bored stiff.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > feeling of weariness or tedium > feeling wearied or bored [phrase]

bored out of one's skull1967

the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > [adjective] > insanity or madness > affected with

woodc725

woodsekc890

giddyc1000

out of (by, from, of) wit or one's witc1000

witlessc1000

brainsickOE

amadc1225

lunaticc1290

madc1330

sickc1340

brain-wooda1375

out of one's minda1387

frenetica1398

fonda1400

formada1400

unwisea1400

brainc1400

unwholec1400

alienate?a1425

brainless1434

distract of one's wits1470

madfula1475

furious1475

distract1481

fro oneself1483

beside oneself1490

beside one's patience1490

dementa1500

red-wood?1507

extraught1509

misminded1509

peevish1523

bedlam-ripe1525

straughta1529

fanatic1533

bedlama1535

daft1540

unsounda1547

stark raving (also staring) mad1548

distraughted1572

insane1575

acrazeda1577

past oneself1576

frenzy1577

poll-mad1577

out of one's senses1580

maddeda1586

frenetical1588

distempered1593

distraught1597

crazed1599

diswitted1599

idle-headed1599

lymphatical1603

extract1608

madling1608

distracteda1616

informala1616

far gone1616

crazy1617

March mada1625

non compos mentis1628

brain-crazed1632

demented1632

crack-brained1634

arreptitiousa1641

dementate1640

dementated1650

brain-crackeda1652

insaniated1652

exsensed1654

bedlam-witteda1657

lymphatic1656

mad-like1679

dementative1685

non compos1699

beside one's gravity1716

hyte1720

lymphated1727

out of one's head1733

maddened1735

swivel-eyed1758

wrong1765

brainsickly1770

fatuous1773

derangedc1790

alienated1793

shake-brained1793

crack-headed1796

flighty1802

wowf1802

doitrified1808

phrenesiac1814

bedlamite1815

mad-braineda1822

fey1823

bedlamitish1824

skire1825

beside one's wits1827

as mad as a hatter1829

crazied1842

off one's head1842

bemadded1850

loco1852

off one's nut1858

off his chump1864

unsane1867

meshuga1868

non-sane1868

loony1872

bee-headed1879

off one's onion1881

off one's base1882

(to go) off one's dot1883

locoed1885

screwy1887

off one's rocker1890

balmy or barmy on (or in) the crumpet1891

meshuggener1892

nutty1892

buggy1893

bughouse1894

off one's pannikin1894

ratty1895

off one's trolley1896

batchy1898

twisted1900

batsc1901

batty1903

dippy1903

bugs1904

dingy1904

up the (also a) pole1904

nut1906

nuts1908

nutty as a fruitcake1911

bugged1920

potty1920

cuckoo1923

nutsy1923

puggled1923

blah1924

détraqué1925

doolally1925

off one's rocket1925

puggle1925

mental1927

phooey1927

crackers1928

squirrelly1928

over the edge1929

round the bend1929

lakes1934

ding-a-ling1935

wacky1935

screwball1936

dingbats1937

Asiatic1938

parlatic1941

troppo1941

up the creek1941

screwed-up1943

bonkers1945

psychological1952

out to lunch1955

starkers1956

off (one's) squiff1960

round the twist1960

yampy1963

out of (also off) one's bird1966

out of one's skull1967

whacked out1969

batshit1971

woo-woo1971

nutso1973

out of (one's) gourd1977

wacko1977

off one's meds1986

1967 Listener 7 Dec. 740/2 12 good men and true, glumly spruce, resigned to a long haul and bored, bored out of their skulls.

1968 T. Wolfe Electric Kool-aid Acid Test xv. 205 They [sc. the Beatles] have brought this whole mass of human beings to the point where they are..out of their skulls.

1973 W. Sheed People will always be Kind ii. v. 301 You'd have had to be out of your skull not to in those days.

1978 G. Vidal Kalki iii. 83 I thought that Kalki was out of his skull.

†c. slang. The head of an Oxford College or Hall. Obsolete. Cf. golgotha n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > educational administration > university administration > [noun] > head of college

master1389

rector1434

provost1442

president1448

head1550

head of house1570

sub-rector1629

skull1721

prex1828

prexy1871

1721 N. Amhurst Terræ-filius (1726) xi. 55 The Sculls..clapp'd a Degree upon his back.

1721 N. Amhurst Terræ-filius No. 30. 167 Another gentleman..who has lately given a certain learned Scull great offence.

1864 J. C. Hotten Slang Dict. (new ed.) 223 Scull or Skull, the head or Master of a College,..but nearly obsolete.

d. A representation of a human skull, as an emblem or reminder of death or mortality. Also skull and crossbones, a representation of a bare skull with two thigh-bones crossed beneath it as an emblem of death, esp. as depicted on a pirate's flag. Cf. Jolly Roger n. Also attributive and figurative. Hence skull-and-cross-boned adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > [noun] > symbolized

dead man's head1546

death's head1563

death-head1569

billow1592

death's face1598

scythe1609

caput mortuum1694

thigh-bone1825

skull1826

Kensal Green1842

calavera1904

the mind > mental capacity > memory > reminder, putting in mind > [noun] > as injunction or warning > object > reminding of death

memento mori1598

skull1826

society > communication > representation > physical representation of abstraction > symbolizing > [noun] > a symbol > specific symbols

cross-bones1798

marrowbones1824

skull and crossbones1826

uroboros1940

corn dolly1952

society > communication > indication > insignia > standard > [noun] > flag > naval or merchant > pirate

Jolly Roger1724

Jolly Hodge1821

black jack1846

skull and crossbones1924

society > communication > representation > physical representation of abstraction > symbolizing > [adjective] > specific symbol > of or relating to bare skull and crossed thigh bones

skull-and-cross-boned1955

1826 M. R. Mitford Our Village (1863) II. 898 She was a perpetual memento mori; a skull and cross-bones would hardly have been more efficacious.

1875 W. McIlwraith Guide Wigtownshire 40 Here are the typical marrow-bones, skull, and sand glass.

1911 D. H. Lawrence Let. c11 May (1979) I. 268 I've got a grinning skull-and-crossbones headache.

1924 P. G. Wodehouse Bill the Conqueror xvii. 254 This was open rebellion. This was hoisting the skull and cross-bones.

1928 J. M. Barrie Peter Pan v. i, in Plays 73 We see what is happening on the deck of the Jolly Roger, which is flying the skull and crossbones.

1930 Times Lit. Suppl. 5 June 481/4 The pirates on the Spanish Main in the old skull-and-crossbones days were pleasant and picturesque fellows.

1931 A. Ransome Swallowdale iii. 50 A small varnished dinghy..was sailing in between the headlands. At the masthead was a black flag with the skull and crossbones on it in white.

1955 J. Kenward Suburban Child xxxii. 94 Further down the street where I lived there lived a pirate five years old, the very thing in appearance as in temperament, with a cutlass (silver painted) and a black triangular hat (skull-and-cross-boned) both home-made by his understanding parents.

1982 Times 5 July 4/3 The nuclear submarine..[was] flying the Jolly Roger to denote their success in sinking the Argentine cruiser... The Skull-and-Crossbones denotes a ‘kill’.

e. slang. (So much) a skull, per person. Cf. head n.¹ 10a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > individual [phrase] > individually or separately > per person

headOE

per capita1621

per mana1687

per capita1834

per caput1856

per caput1911

a skull1922

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xii. [Cyclops] 291 They chop up the rope after and sell the bits for a few bob a skull.

1950 Chambers's Jrnl. Apr. 213/2 ‘What difference would the five of clubs make? Sure he had a cast-iron hand.’ The Sergeant drew slow caressing fingers along his jaw. ‘That'll be two bob a skull, boys,’ he reminded them pleasantly.

†2.

a. The crown or top of the head; the sconce, the (bare) scalp. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > top of head > [noun]

nolleOE

mouldOE

shodec1000

topa1225

patea1325

polla1325

hattrelc1330

skullc1380

foretop1382

pommelc1385

summita1425

sconce1567

vertex1634

cantle1822

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 353 Loke þat þou be armed sad & hele þy bare scolle.

c1386 G. Chaucer Reeve's Tale 15 As piled as an Ape was his skulle.

14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 586 Glabella, the schulle.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Calvaire, the (bare) skull, or skalpe of the head.

1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 16 A third..shaves here and there, the bald scull appearing in many places.

†b. Used to render Latin cervix, the back of the neck. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > neck > [noun] > back of neck

napea1325

hattrelc1330

nolla1382

skull1382

polla1398

nape of the neck (also head)1440

noddle1547

niddick1558

nuke1562

nuque1578

nub1673

nod1695

cuff of the neck1740

nucha1768

scuff1787

scruff1790

scroop1850

kitchen1964

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Deut. xxviii. 48 He shal put on an yren ȝok vpon thi scol.

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 1 Sam. iv. 18 He felle fro the litil seet.., and the scullis brokun, he is deed.

†3. A skull-cap of metal or other hard material; a close-fitting head-piece. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > helmet > [noun] > metal skullcap

basinetc1300

coifc1380

capeline1488

skull1522

hat piece1598

pan1638

pot1639

skull-cap1820

bassinet-

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > cap > types of > close-fitting > of hard material

skull1522

α.

1522 Galway Arch. in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 400 No kynde of armor, as shorte of maylle, ne skoll.

1536 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 136 [He] had a paire of brexen journeys on his backe,..and a skoll on his head.

β. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 268/1 Scull harnesse for the heed, segrette.1557 Act 4 & 5 Philip & Mary c. 2 §2 One Murrien or Sallet,..and one Steele Cappe or Sculle.1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Secrete, a thinne steele cap, or a close scull worne vnder a hat, &c.a1674 J. Milton Brief Hist. Moscovia (1682) i. 16 Their Armour is a Coat of Plate, and a Skull on their Heads.γ. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. ccxxxv Soch as should beare Morysh Pykes..had no harnesse but skulles.c1600 J. Dymmok Treat. Ireland (1842) 7 Armed with a shert of maile, a skull, and a skeine.a1674 J. Milton Brief Hist. Moscovia (1682) v. 105 They saw the Emperour and his Son..each with a Skull of Pearl on their bare Heads.

4. A crust of solidified steel or other metal formed on a ladle, etc., by the partial cooling of the molten material. Also without article.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [noun] > molten metal > crust formed by partial cooling

skull1773

1773 Wright's Pat. in 6th Rep. Deputy Keeper Rec. App. ii. 161 Making Malleable Iron..from Scull and Cinder Iron or other Cast Metal.

1880 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 326/2 To keep the blown metal in fusion and prevent ‘skulls’ forming when it is run out into a casting ladle.

1894 Daily News 12 Feb. 6/6 The process does not produce ‘skull’, and small quantities can therefore be dealt with without in any way chilling the metal.

Compounds

C1.

a. attributive. In sense ‘of or pertaining to, belonging to or connected with, the skull’, as skull-bone, skull-eye, skull-form, skull-neck, skull-pan, skull-piece, skull-skin, skull-wall, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > neck > [noun] > types of neck

skull-neck1615

swan-neck1837

pencil-neck1886

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 575 The muscle of the eare springing from the pericranium or skull [s]kin.

1757 W. Thompson Royal Navy-men's Advocate 39 The Scull Pieces of Oxen and Hogs.

1866 Chambers's Encycl. VIII. 759/2 The skull-bones are freely supplied with blood.

1891 Archaeol. LIII. 212 A heavy stroke through the crown into the side of the skull-pan.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 239 The pressure of the cranial contents against the skull-wall.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 644 A tympanitic note on skull-percussion.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xv. [Circe] 489 His eye agonising in his flat skullneck.

1928 E. Blunden Retreat 32 The stone skull-eyes look down most drearily.

b. In sense ‘in which skulls are reposited’, as skull-box, skull-house.

ΚΠ

1628–9 in H. J. F. Swayne Churchwardens' Accts. Sarum (1896) 312 Henge for the skulle howse dore.

1654–5 in H. J. F. Swayne Churchwardens' Accts. Sarum (1896) 330 Locke for y^e skull house dore.

1859 J. M. Jephson & L. Reeve Narr. Walking Tour Brittany vi. 67 In the apertures between the uprights which supported the roof [of the charnel-house] were heaped up skull-boxes.

c. In sense ‘formed or made of a skull’, as skull-cup, skull-goblet, skull wine-cup.

ΚΠ

1825 J. Hogg Queen Hynde 280 Their skull-cups fill'd unto the brim.

1854 ‘G. Greenwood’ Haps & Mishaps 27 The housekeeper took from a costly cabinet the famous and fearful skull wine-cup.

1857 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 29 May in Eng. Notebks. (1997) II. vi. 251 Where..the skull-goblet has often gone its rounds.

C2.

a. With past or present participles, as skull-built, skull-covered, skull-crowned, skull-dividing, skull-hunting; also skull-like adj.

ΚΠ

1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. L4 A scull cround hat of the fashion of an olde deepe porringer.

1641 W. Hooke New Englands Teares 10 Their instruments are..skul-dividing Halberds.

1805 R. Southey Madoc ii. xxii. 388 The skull-built towers, the files of human heads.

1809–10 P. B. Shelley Bigotry's Victim 2 Dares the lama..The lion to rouse from his skull-covered lair?

1852 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 5) 523 The charnel-house of Time—where skull-like orbs..Defiled the purview.

1898 C. S. Horne Story of L.M.S. 407 The teachers had themselves been skull-hunting cannibals.

b. With agent-nouns, as skull-cracker, skull-hunter, skull-slinger, skull-thacker, skull-thatcher.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > killing > killer for specific reason or type of person > [noun] > to obtain (part of) body

skull-hunter1706

headhunter1800

Burkite1830

burker1831

headshrinker1921

1706 E. Baynard Cold Baths (1709) ii. 394 Rats-bane [a physician].., who was but a young Skull-slinger then.

1719 A. Ramsay 2nd Answer to Hamilton ii But me ye ne'er sae crouse had craw'd Ye poor scull-thacker!

1852 G. C. Mundy Our Antipodes II. xiii. 385 A splendid green-stone Meri, heirloom of her deceased lord, and the skull-cracker no doubt of a hundred foes.

1859 J. C. Hotten Dict. Slang 94 Skull thatchers, straw bonnet makers,—sometimes called ‘bonnet-builders’.

1863 M. E. Braddon Aurora Floyd II. xi. 270 ‘I'll find my skull-thatcher if I can,’ said Captain Prodder, groping for his hat amongst the brambles.

1866 ‘M. Twain’ Lett. from Hawaii (1967) 62 In spite of the depredations of ‘skull hunters’, we rode a considerable distance over ground..thickly strewn with human bones.

1902 J. Chalmers in Life (1905) xx. 98/2 That they are skull-hunters I do not doubt.

C3. Special combinations.

skull-buster n. U.S. slang something that taxes the mind; a complicated problem.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > a profound secret, mystery > puzzle, enigma, riddle > [noun]

riddleOE

purposec1350

problema1382

propositiona1382

conclusion1393

divinailc1430

opposal?a1439

riddling?c1475

wordc1480

why1532

dark, hard sentence1535

enigma1539

remblere1599

puzzlement1646

gripha1652

puzzler1651

riddlemy riddlemy1652

puzzle1655

crux1718

teaser1759

puzzleation1767

conundrum1790

poser1793

riddle-me-ree1805

stumper1807

tickler1825

sticker1849

brain-teaser1850

grueller1856

question mark1870

brain-twister1878

skull-buster1926

mind-bender1968

1926 University Mag. (Univ. Va.) Oct. 17 Skull-buster, a particularly hard course.

1946 M. Mezzrow & B. Wolfe Really Blues i. 18 Most of my skullbusters got solved at The School.

† skull butterfly n. Obsolete (see quot. 1797).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Rhopalocera (butterflies) > [noun] > member of (butterfly) > having head like death's head

skull butterfly1797

1797 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 721/2 The skull butterfly is another singular species, so called from its head resembling in some degree a death's head or human skull.

skull-eel n. the sharp-nosed eel, Anguilla vulgaris.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > subdivision Teleostei > [noun] > order Anguilliformes > member of family Anguillidae

tuna1843

skull-eel1880

1880–4 F. Day Fishes Great Brit. & Ireland II. 243 Eel, skull-eel, or brown~eel.

skull-fish n. †(a) some fish supposed to resemble a skull; (b) a whalebone whale above two years of age.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > unspecified types > [noun]

whalec950

tumbrelc1300

sprout1340

squame1393

codmop1466

whitefish1482

lineshark?a1500

salen1508

glaucus1509

bretcock1522

warcodling1525

razor1530

bassinatc1540

goldeney1542

smy1552

maiden1555

grail1587

whiting1587

needle1589

pintle-fish1591

goldfish1598

puffin fish1598

quap1598

stork1600

black-tail1601

ellops1601

fork-fish1601

sea-grape1601

sea-lizard1601

sea-raven1601

barne1602

plosher1602

whale-mouse1607

bowman1610

catfish1620

hog1620

kettle-fish1630

sharpa1636

carda1641

housewifea1641

roucotea1641

ox-fisha1642

sea-serpent1646

croaker1651

alderling1655

butkin1655

shamefish1655

yard1655

sea-dart1664

sea-pelican1664

Negro1666

sea-parrot1666

sea-blewling1668

sea-stickling1668

skull-fish1668

whale's guide1668

sennet1671

barracuda1678

skate-bread1681

tuck-fish1681

swallowtail1683

piaba1686

pit-fish1686

sand-creeper1686

horned hog1702

soldier1704

sea-crowa1717

bran1720

grunter1726

calcops1727

bennet1731

bonefish1734

Negro fish1735

isinglass-fish1740

orb1740

gollin1747

smelt1776

night-walker1777

water monarch1785

hardhead1792

macaw-fish1792

yellowback1796

sea-raven1797

blueback1812

stumpnose1831

flat1847

butterfish1849

croppie1856

gubbahawn1857

silt1863

silt-snapper1863

mullet-head1866

sailor1883

hogback1893

skipper1898

stocker1904

the world > animals > mammals > order Cetacea (whales) > suborder Mystacoceti > [noun] > member of

whale-mouse1607

skull-fish1668

whale's guide1668

bonefish1734

mysticete1797

baleen whale1874

mystacocete1883

1668 W. Charleton Onomasticon Zoicon 154 Orbis,..the Globe, or Scull-fish.

1726 Philos. Trans. 1725 (Royal Soc.) 33 257 After this, they [sc. whales yielding whalebone] are term'd Scull-fish, their Age not being known, but only guess'd at by the Length of the Bone in their Mouths.

1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Skull-fish, the technical name among whalers for..a whale which is more than two years old.

† skull-man n. Obsolete (see quot. 1659).

ΚΠ

1659 G. Torriano Florio's Vocabolario Italiano & Inglese Capellétti, certain soldiers serving on horse-back with steele-caps, called with us skull-men, or black-skulls.

† skull-moss n. Obsolete a greenish kind of moss growing on skulls long exposed to the air.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > moss > [noun] > that grows on trees or skulls

tree-moss1611

skull-moss1631

1631 W. Foster Hoplocrisma-spongus 40 Scull-mosse or bones,..Mummy and the Fat of Man..comprehend the corporeall perfection of Man.

1681 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis ii. iii. iv. 237 Of the same Species with the Skull-Mosse.

† skull-seam n. Obsolete a suture on the skull.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > joint > joints > [noun] > joints of skull

commissure?a1425

lambdac1475

sagittal suture (addition, commissure)?1541

coronal suture1543

sagit?1550

garland-seam1576

commissary1577

agglutination1578

skull-seam1605

lambdoidal suture (commissure)1653

transverse suture1741

orbitar1782

pterion1878

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. vi. 210 The Nose..serueth as a gutter To void the Excrements of grossest matter, As by the Skull-seames, and the Porie Skinne Euaporate those that are light and thinne.

skull session n. U.S. slang a discussion, conference.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] > topic of or subject for conversation or gossip > discussion

debate1393

revolutionc1425

treatingc1450

disputation1489

debatement1536

debating1548

discuss1571

discussion1598

reasoning1611

entertainment1625

ventilationa1631

ventilating1660

discussal1809

skull session1959

séance1962

1959 J. Blish Clash of Cymbals iv. 97 Web and Estelle..had become accepted silent partners at such skull-sessions.

1973 ‘D. Jordan’ Nile Green xi. 49 Joe was ready for the skull session.

skull-vein n. (see quot. 1838).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > sedimentary rock > [noun] > limestone > vein in

skull-vein1838

1838 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 98/2 The peculiar character of the veins commonly called scull veins, from their strong resemblance to the sutures of the scull, which traverse the blocks of white limestone.

Draft additions 1993

slang. Originally: the head of an Oxford College or Hall (obsolete). Subsequently gen.: one who is in charge, a chief or head; also, an expert. Cf. golgotha n. 2.Apparently obsolescent in the U.K. by mid-19th cent., but soon afterwards recorded in the U.S. and subsequently Australia.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > control > person in control > [noun]

mastereOE

shepper1377

commandera1400

convoyer1488

comptroller?1536

controllera1540

controller-general1562

bridler1570

comptroller-general1587

disposerc1595

overruler1695

skull1880

the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [noun] > skilful person > expert

grand master1590

adept1674

dab1691

dabster1708

dab hand1828

dead-hand1848

ringer1848

expert1853

skull1880

1880 Slang Dict. 32/1 Skull, the head of the house; the President of the United States; the Governor; the head man.

1944 D. Burley Orig. Handbk. Harlem Jive 104 Now, this skull was in there, Jack, he was frantic.

1948 G. H. Johnston Death takes Small Bites v. 107 ‘Who does he fix the deal with?’ ‘God knows! D'ye think the skulls tell us that?’

1964 G. H. Johnston My Brother Jack 325 You knowing all the brass-hats and the skulls down at the Barracks... I don't suppose you could pull some strings for me?

1978 R. Beilby Gunner 135 The little man nodded towards Whiteside and the captain... ‘Them skulls with you?’

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	skull
释义	skulln.¹ Brit. /skʌl/, U.S. /skəl/ Forms: α. Middle English scolle, scol, scoll, scole; Middle English skolle, Middle English–1500s skoll, 1500s skol. β. Middle English schulle, Middle English–1600s sculle (1500s scoulle, 1600s scoule), 1500s–1600s scul, 1500s–1800s scull. γ. Middle English–1500s skulle, 1500s–1600s skul, Middle English– skull. Etymology: Of obscure origin: first prominent in south-western texts of the 13–14th centuries, usually in the form scolle. A foreign origin is indicated by the initial sc-, sk-, but the locality of the early examples is against connection with Old Norse skoltr (Norwegian skolt, skult, Swedish skult, dialect skulle) skull, poll, or with Norwegian dialect skul, skol shell (of nuts or eggs). There is correspondence of form with Dutch schol, Middle Low German schulle, Middle High German (and German) scholle (Old High German scolla, scollo) earthy crust, turf, piece of ice (compare also Swedish skolla metal plate), but there is no evidence that these were ever used in the sense of ‘skull’. The same difficulty applies to Old French escuelle, escule dish, nor would this readily have assumed the early form scolle. 1. a. The bony case or frame containing or enclosing the brain of man or other vertebrate animals; the cranium; also, the whole bony framework or skeleton of the head. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > [noun] head boneeOE head paneOE panOE brainpanOE skull?c1225 harn-pan1340 brain skulla1400 calvairc1420 pot of the head?a1425 pan-bone1545 cranew1555 pannicle1590 pericranium1590 cranion1611 poll1721 braincase1726 brain-box1789 pericrane1804 cobbra1832 cranium1842 neurocranium1907 α. c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 168 Robert de brok..þoruȝ þe scolle smot is swerd. c1330 King of Tars 521 Summe pleyed of the heved, And summe heore scolles icleved. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 115 Golgotha is to menynge a baar scolle. For whan..mysdoeres were þere byheded, þe hedes were i-left þere. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 216 Watir þat is gaderid in children hedis, ouþer it is wiþinne þe scolle or wiþoute þe scolle. c1450 Two Cookery-bks. 79 Take a plouer, and breke his skoll, and pull him dry. 1506 tr. Kalender of Shepherdes sig. Kviii In the skol ben two bones which ben called parietalles that holdeth the brayne close and stedfast. β. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 218 Ne ȝef þu him neauer inȝeong. ach tap him oðe sculle. for he is arch ase beore þron.c1340 Nominale (Skeat) 8 Greue, fountayne, et haterel, Sched, molde, and sculle.1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 2 Kings ix. 35 Thei founden not, no bot the scul, and the feet, and gobitis of the hond.c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 450/2 Sculle, of the heede, craneum.c1450 Two Cookery-bks. 80 Lete the sculle be hole.1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 209^v They haue the bones of the sculles of theyr heades foure tymes thycker..then owres.1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. xxvii. 180 Small rounde heades..with little hooles in them, like to a dead scull.1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 548 All these muscles are seated on the backe~side of the Eye within the cauity of the Scull.1725 N. Robinson New Theory of Physick 34 The Carotid Arteries..after they have enter'd the Scull.1782 W. Cowper Conversation in Poems 251 That truth itself is in her head as dull, And useless as a candle in a scull.1824 W. Irving Tales of Traveller II. 236 Ghosts being seen about..at night, with bare sculls and blue lights in their sockets.γ. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 371 Þis Albuinus had..overcome þe kyng of Gispides, and i-made hym a cuppe of his skulle forto drinke of.1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 128 The kyng in audience aboute Hath told it was hire fader Skulle.1579 G. Baker tr. Guydon Quest. Chirurg. 11 b Other [bones] be..saw~wise, as y^e skul of the head.1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 440 The skull or cranium is all that bone which compasseth the braine and after-brain like a helmet.1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures xxxi. 124 There were also other vessels laden with dead mens skuls.1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. IV. 240 A piece of a skull, which had belonged to..Oliver Cromwell.1830 R. Knox tr. P. A. Béclard Elements Gen. Anat. 209 The great veins of the skull or the sinuses.1877 J. A. Allen Amer. Bisons 454 Variations in the form of the skull are often strikingly apparent. b. (a) The head as the proper seat of thought or intelligence. Commonly with allusion to dullness of intellect. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupidity, dullness of intellect > [noun] > empty or stupid head skull1523 jolthead1533 fool's head1577 jolting pate1579 noddle1579 jobbernowl1598 loggerhead1598 cod's head1607 squirrel's brains1647 jolterhead1699 numbskull1718 fiddle-head1887 1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 82 Better a dum mouthe than a brainles scull. a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) i. v. 109 Thou hast spoke..as if thy eldest sonne should be a foole: whose scull, Ioue cramme with braines. View more context for this quotation 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 488 Your Sexe, Whose empty Sculles..your selues peruersely vexe. a1795 W. Cowper Pairing Time 8 Ev'n the child who knows no better..Must have a most uncommon skull. 1823 W. Cobbett Rural Rides in Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 13 Sept. 689 It has, at last, been hammered into their skulls, that the interest cannot be paid in full, if wheat sells low. 1857 C. Reade Course True Love 99 We..have not an idea of our own in our sculls. (b) slang. out of one's skull, out of one's mind, crazy. Also succeeding past participle, as bored out of one's skull, beside oneself with boredom, bored stiff. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > feeling of weariness or tedium > feeling wearied or bored [phrase] bored out of one's skull1967 the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > [adjective] > insanity or madness > affected with woodc725 woodsekc890 giddyc1000 out of (by, from, of) wit or one's witc1000 witlessc1000 brainsickOE amadc1225 lunaticc1290 madc1330 sickc1340 brain-wooda1375 out of one's minda1387 frenetica1398 fonda1400 formada1400 unwisea1400 brainc1400 unwholec1400 alienate?a1425 brainless1434 distract of one's wits1470 madfula1475 furious1475 distract1481 fro oneself1483 beside oneself1490 beside one's patience1490 dementa1500 red-wood?1507 extraught1509 misminded1509 peevish1523 bedlam-ripe1525 straughta1529 fanatic1533 bedlama1535 daft1540 unsounda1547 stark raving (also staring) mad1548 distraughted1572 insane1575 acrazeda1577 past oneself1576 frenzy1577 poll-mad1577 out of one's senses1580 maddeda1586 frenetical1588 distempered1593 distraught1597 crazed1599 diswitted1599 idle-headed1599 lymphatical1603 extract1608 madling1608 distracteda1616 informala1616 far gone1616 crazy1617 March mada1625 non compos mentis1628 brain-crazed1632 demented1632 crack-brained1634 arreptitiousa1641 dementate1640 dementated1650 brain-crackeda1652 insaniated1652 exsensed1654 bedlam-witteda1657 lymphatic1656 mad-like1679 dementative1685 non compos1699 beside one's gravity1716 hyte1720 lymphated1727 out of one's head1733 maddened1735 swivel-eyed1758 wrong1765 brainsickly1770 fatuous1773 derangedc1790 alienated1793 shake-brained1793 crack-headed1796 flighty1802 wowf1802 doitrified1808 phrenesiac1814 bedlamite1815 mad-braineda1822 fey1823 bedlamitish1824 skire1825 beside one's wits1827 as mad as a hatter1829 crazied1842 off one's head1842 bemadded1850 loco1852 off one's nut1858 off his chump1864 unsane1867 meshuga1868 non-sane1868 loony1872 bee-headed1879 off one's onion1881 off one's base1882 (to go) off one's dot1883 locoed1885 screwy1887 off one's rocker1890 balmy or barmy on (or in) the crumpet1891 meshuggener1892 nutty1892 buggy1893 bughouse1894 off one's pannikin1894 ratty1895 off one's trolley1896 batchy1898 twisted1900 batsc1901 batty1903 dippy1903 bugs1904 dingy1904 up the (also a) pole1904 nut1906 nuts1908 nutty as a fruitcake1911 bugged1920 potty1920 cuckoo1923 nutsy1923 puggled1923 blah1924 détraqué1925 doolally1925 off one's rocket1925 puggle1925 mental1927 phooey1927 crackers1928 squirrelly1928 over the edge1929 round the bend1929 lakes1934 ding-a-ling1935 wacky1935 screwball1936 dingbats1937 Asiatic1938 parlatic1941 troppo1941 up the creek1941 screwed-up1943 bonkers1945 psychological1952 out to lunch1955 starkers1956 off (one's) squiff1960 round the twist1960 yampy1963 out of (also off) one's bird1966 out of one's skull1967 whacked out1969 batshit1971 woo-woo1971 nutso1973 out of (one's) gourd1977 wacko1977 off one's meds1986 1967 Listener 7 Dec. 740/2 12 good men and true, glumly spruce, resigned to a long haul and bored, bored out of their skulls. 1968 T. Wolfe Electric Kool-aid Acid Test xv. 205 They [sc. the Beatles] have brought this whole mass of human beings to the point where they are..out of their skulls. 1973 W. Sheed People will always be Kind ii. v. 301 You'd have had to be out of your skull not to in those days. 1978 G. Vidal Kalki iii. 83 I thought that Kalki was out of his skull. †c. slang. The head of an Oxford College or Hall. Obsolete. Cf. golgotha n. 2. ΘΚΠ society > education > educational administration > university administration > [noun] > head of college master1389 rector1434 provost1442 president1448 head1550 head of house1570 sub-rector1629 skull1721 prex1828 prexy1871 1721 N. Amhurst Terræ-filius (1726) xi. 55 The Sculls..clapp'd a Degree upon his back. 1721 N. Amhurst Terræ-filius No. 30. 167 Another gentleman..who has lately given a certain learned Scull great offence. 1864 J. C. Hotten Slang Dict. (new ed.) 223 Scull or Skull, the head or Master of a College,..but nearly obsolete. d. A representation of a human skull, as an emblem or reminder of death or mortality. Also skull and crossbones, a representation of a bare skull with two thigh-bones crossed beneath it as an emblem of death, esp. as depicted on a pirate's flag. Cf. Jolly Roger n. Also attributive and figurative. Hence skull-and-cross-boned adj. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > [noun] > symbolized dead man's head1546 death's head1563 death-head1569 billow1592 death's face1598 scythe1609 caput mortuum1694 thigh-bone1825 skull1826 Kensal Green1842 calavera1904 the mind > mental capacity > memory > reminder, putting in mind > [noun] > as injunction or warning > object > reminding of death memento mori1598 skull1826 society > communication > representation > physical representation of abstraction > symbolizing > [noun] > a symbol > specific symbols cross-bones1798 marrowbones1824 skull and crossbones1826 uroboros1940 corn dolly1952 society > communication > indication > insignia > standard > [noun] > flag > naval or merchant > pirate Jolly Roger1724 Jolly Hodge1821 black jack1846 skull and crossbones1924 society > communication > representation > physical representation of abstraction > symbolizing > [adjective] > specific symbol > of or relating to bare skull and crossed thigh bones skull-and-cross-boned1955 1826 M. R. Mitford Our Village (1863) II. 898 She was a perpetual memento mori; a skull and cross-bones would hardly have been more efficacious. 1875 W. McIlwraith Guide Wigtownshire 40 Here are the typical marrow-bones, skull, and sand glass. 1911 D. H. Lawrence Let. c11 May (1979) I. 268 I've got a grinning skull-and-crossbones headache. 1924 P. G. Wodehouse Bill the Conqueror xvii. 254 This was open rebellion. This was hoisting the skull and cross-bones. 1928 J. M. Barrie Peter Pan v. i, in Plays 73 We see what is happening on the deck of the Jolly Roger, which is flying the skull and crossbones. 1930 Times Lit. Suppl. 5 June 481/4 The pirates on the Spanish Main in the old skull-and-crossbones days were pleasant and picturesque fellows. 1931 A. Ransome Swallowdale iii. 50 A small varnished dinghy..was sailing in between the headlands. At the masthead was a black flag with the skull and crossbones on it in white. 1955 J. Kenward Suburban Child xxxii. 94 Further down the street where I lived there lived a pirate five years old, the very thing in appearance as in temperament, with a cutlass (silver painted) and a black triangular hat (skull-and-cross-boned) both home-made by his understanding parents. 1982 Times 5 July 4/3 The nuclear submarine..[was] flying the Jolly Roger to denote their success in sinking the Argentine cruiser... The Skull-and-Crossbones denotes a ‘kill’. e. slang. (So much) a skull, per person. Cf. head n.¹ 10a. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > individual [phrase] > individually or separately > per person headOE per capita1621 per mana1687 per capita1834 per caput1856 per caput1911 a skull1922 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xii. [Cyclops] 291 They chop up the rope after and sell the bits for a few bob a skull. 1950 Chambers's Jrnl. Apr. 213/2 ‘What difference would the five of clubs make? Sure he had a cast-iron hand.’ The Sergeant drew slow caressing fingers along his jaw. ‘That'll be two bob a skull, boys,’ he reminded them pleasantly. †2. a. The crown or top of the head; the sconce, the (bare) scalp. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > top of head > [noun] nolleOE mouldOE shodec1000 topa1225 patea1325 polla1325 hattrelc1330 skullc1380 foretop1382 pommelc1385 summita1425 sconce1567 vertex1634 cantle1822 c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 353 Loke þat þou be armed sad & hele þy bare scolle. c1386 G. Chaucer Reeve's Tale 15 As piled as an Ape was his skulle. 14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 586 Glabella, the schulle. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Calvaire, the (bare) skull, or skalpe of the head. 1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 16 A third..shaves here and there, the bald scull appearing in many places. †b. Used to render Latin cervix, the back of the neck. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > neck > [noun] > back of neck napea1325 hattrelc1330 nolla1382 skull1382 polla1398 nape of the neck (also head)1440 noddle1547 niddick1558 nuke1562 nuque1578 nub1673 nod1695 cuff of the neck1740 nucha1768 scuff1787 scruff1790 scroop1850 kitchen1964 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Deut. xxviii. 48 He shal put on an yren ȝok vpon thi scol. 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 1 Sam. iv. 18 He felle fro the litil seet.., and the scullis brokun, he is deed. †3. A skull-cap of metal or other hard material; a close-fitting head-piece. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > helmet > [noun] > metal skullcap basinetc1300 coifc1380 capeline1488 skull1522 hat piece1598 pan1638 pot1639 skull-cap1820 bassinet- the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > cap > types of > close-fitting > of hard material skull1522 α. 1522 Galway Arch. in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 400 No kynde of armor, as shorte of maylle, ne skoll. 1536 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 136 [He] had a paire of brexen journeys on his backe,..and a skoll on his head. β. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 268/1 Scull harnesse for the heed, segrette.1557 Act 4 & 5 Philip & Mary c. 2 §2 One Murrien or Sallet,..and one Steele Cappe or Sculle.1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Secrete, a thinne steele cap, or a close scull worne vnder a hat, &c.a1674 J. Milton Brief Hist. Moscovia (1682) i. 16 Their Armour is a Coat of Plate, and a Skull on their Heads.γ. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. ccxxxv Soch as should beare Morysh Pykes..had no harnesse but skulles.c1600 J. Dymmok Treat. Ireland (1842) 7 Armed with a shert of maile, a skull, and a skeine.a1674 J. Milton Brief Hist. Moscovia (1682) v. 105 They saw the Emperour and his Son..each with a Skull of Pearl on their bare Heads. 4. A crust of solidified steel or other metal formed on a ladle, etc., by the partial cooling of the molten material. Also without article. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [noun] > molten metal > crust formed by partial cooling skull1773 1773 Wright's Pat. in 6th Rep. Deputy Keeper Rec. App. ii. 161 Making Malleable Iron..from Scull and Cinder Iron or other Cast Metal. 1880 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 326/2 To keep the blown metal in fusion and prevent ‘skulls’ forming when it is run out into a casting ladle. 1894 Daily News 12 Feb. 6/6 The process does not produce ‘skull’, and small quantities can therefore be dealt with without in any way chilling the metal. Compounds C1. a. attributive. In sense ‘of or pertaining to, belonging to or connected with, the skull’, as skull-bone, skull-eye, skull-form, skull-neck, skull-pan, skull-piece, skull-skin, skull-wall, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > neck > [noun] > types of neck skull-neck1615 swan-neck1837 pencil-neck1886 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 575 The muscle of the eare springing from the pericranium or skull [s]kin. 1757 W. Thompson Royal Navy-men's Advocate 39 The Scull Pieces of Oxen and Hogs. 1866 Chambers's Encycl. VIII. 759/2 The skull-bones are freely supplied with blood. 1891 Archaeol. LIII. 212 A heavy stroke through the crown into the side of the skull-pan. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 239 The pressure of the cranial contents against the skull-wall. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 644 A tympanitic note on skull-percussion. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xv. [Circe] 489 His eye agonising in his flat skullneck. 1928 E. Blunden Retreat 32 The stone skull-eyes look down most drearily. b. In sense ‘in which skulls are reposited’, as skull-box, skull-house. ΚΠ 1628–9 in H. J. F. Swayne Churchwardens' Accts. Sarum (1896) 312 Henge for the skulle howse dore. 1654–5 in H. J. F. Swayne Churchwardens' Accts. Sarum (1896) 330 Locke for y^e skull house dore. 1859 J. M. Jephson & L. Reeve Narr. Walking Tour Brittany vi. 67 In the apertures between the uprights which supported the roof [of the charnel-house] were heaped up skull-boxes. c. In sense ‘formed or made of a skull’, as skull-cup, skull-goblet, skull wine-cup. ΚΠ 1825 J. Hogg Queen Hynde 280 Their skull-cups fill'd unto the brim. 1854 ‘G. Greenwood’ Haps & Mishaps 27 The housekeeper took from a costly cabinet the famous and fearful skull wine-cup. 1857 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 29 May in Eng. Notebks. (1997) II. vi. 251 Where..the skull-goblet has often gone its rounds. C2. a. With past or present participles, as skull-built, skull-covered, skull-crowned, skull-dividing, skull-hunting; also skull-like adj. ΚΠ 1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. L4 A scull cround hat of the fashion of an olde deepe porringer. 1641 W. Hooke New Englands Teares 10 Their instruments are..skul-dividing Halberds. 1805 R. Southey Madoc ii. xxii. 388 The skull-built towers, the files of human heads. 1809–10 P. B. Shelley Bigotry's Victim 2 Dares the lama..The lion to rouse from his skull-covered lair? 1852 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 5) 523 The charnel-house of Time—where skull-like orbs..Defiled the purview. 1898 C. S. Horne Story of L.M.S. 407 The teachers had themselves been skull-hunting cannibals. b. With agent-nouns, as skull-cracker, skull-hunter, skull-slinger, skull-thacker, skull-thatcher. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > killing > killer for specific reason or type of person > [noun] > to obtain (part of) body skull-hunter1706 headhunter1800 Burkite1830 burker1831 headshrinker1921 1706 E. Baynard Cold Baths (1709) ii. 394 Rats-bane [a physician].., who was but a young Skull-slinger then. 1719 A. Ramsay 2nd Answer to Hamilton ii But me ye ne'er sae crouse had craw'd Ye poor scull-thacker! 1852 G. C. Mundy Our Antipodes II. xiii. 385 A splendid green-stone Meri, heirloom of her deceased lord, and the skull-cracker no doubt of a hundred foes. 1859 J. C. Hotten Dict. Slang 94 Skull thatchers, straw bonnet makers,—sometimes called ‘bonnet-builders’. 1863 M. E. Braddon Aurora Floyd II. xi. 270 ‘I'll find my skull-thatcher if I can,’ said Captain Prodder, groping for his hat amongst the brambles. 1866 ‘M. Twain’ Lett. from Hawaii (1967) 62 In spite of the depredations of ‘skull hunters’, we rode a considerable distance over ground..thickly strewn with human bones. 1902 J. Chalmers in Life (1905) xx. 98/2 That they are skull-hunters I do not doubt. C3. Special combinations. skull-buster n. U.S. slang something that taxes the mind; a complicated problem. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > a profound secret, mystery > puzzle, enigma, riddle > [noun] riddleOE purposec1350 problema1382 propositiona1382 conclusion1393 divinailc1430 opposal?a1439 riddling?c1475 wordc1480 why1532 dark, hard sentence1535 enigma1539 remblere1599 puzzlement1646 gripha1652 puzzler1651 riddlemy riddlemy1652 puzzle1655 crux1718 teaser1759 puzzleation1767 conundrum1790 poser1793 riddle-me-ree1805 stumper1807 tickler1825 sticker1849 brain-teaser1850 grueller1856 question mark1870 brain-twister1878 skull-buster1926 mind-bender1968 1926 University Mag. (Univ. Va.) Oct. 17 Skull-buster, a particularly hard course. 1946 M. Mezzrow & B. Wolfe Really Blues i. 18 Most of my skullbusters got solved at The School. † skull butterfly n. Obsolete (see quot. 1797). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Rhopalocera (butterflies) > [noun] > member of (butterfly) > having head like death's head skull butterfly1797 1797 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 721/2 The skull butterfly is another singular species, so called from its head resembling in some degree a death's head or human skull. skull-eel n. the sharp-nosed eel, Anguilla vulgaris. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > subdivision Teleostei > [noun] > order Anguilliformes > member of family Anguillidae tuna1843 skull-eel1880 1880–4 F. Day Fishes Great Brit. & Ireland II. 243 Eel, skull-eel, or brown~eel. skull-fish n. †(a) some fish supposed to resemble a skull; (b) a whalebone whale above two years of age. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > unspecified types > [noun] whalec950 tumbrelc1300 sprout1340 squame1393 codmop1466 whitefish1482 lineshark?a1500 salen1508 glaucus1509 bretcock1522 warcodling1525 razor1530 bassinatc1540 goldeney1542 smy1552 maiden1555 grail1587 whiting1587 needle1589 pintle-fish1591 goldfish1598 puffin fish1598 quap1598 stork1600 black-tail1601 ellops1601 fork-fish1601 sea-grape1601 sea-lizard1601 sea-raven1601 barne1602 plosher1602 whale-mouse1607 bowman1610 catfish1620 hog1620 kettle-fish1630 sharpa1636 carda1641 housewifea1641 roucotea1641 ox-fisha1642 sea-serpent1646 croaker1651 alderling1655 butkin1655 shamefish1655 yard1655 sea-dart1664 sea-pelican1664 Negro1666 sea-parrot1666 sea-blewling1668 sea-stickling1668 skull-fish1668 whale's guide1668 sennet1671 barracuda1678 skate-bread1681 tuck-fish1681 swallowtail1683 piaba1686 pit-fish1686 sand-creeper1686 horned hog1702 soldier1704 sea-crowa1717 bran1720 grunter1726 calcops1727 bennet1731 bonefish1734 Negro fish1735 isinglass-fish1740 orb1740 gollin1747 smelt1776 night-walker1777 water monarch1785 hardhead1792 macaw-fish1792 yellowback1796 sea-raven1797 blueback1812 stumpnose1831 flat1847 butterfish1849 croppie1856 gubbahawn1857 silt1863 silt-snapper1863 mullet-head1866 sailor1883 hogback1893 skipper1898 stocker1904 the world > animals > mammals > order Cetacea (whales) > suborder Mystacoceti > [noun] > member of whale-mouse1607 skull-fish1668 whale's guide1668 bonefish1734 mysticete1797 baleen whale1874 mystacocete1883 1668 W. Charleton Onomasticon Zoicon 154 Orbis,..the Globe, or Scull-fish. 1726 Philos. Trans. 1725 (Royal Soc.) 33 257 After this, they [sc. whales yielding whalebone] are term'd Scull-fish, their Age not being known, but only guess'd at by the Length of the Bone in their Mouths. 1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Skull-fish, the technical name among whalers for..a whale which is more than two years old. † skull-man n. Obsolete (see quot. 1659). ΚΠ 1659 G. Torriano Florio's Vocabolario Italiano & Inglese Capellétti, certain soldiers serving on horse-back with steele-caps, called with us skull-men, or black-skulls. † skull-moss n. Obsolete a greenish kind of moss growing on skulls long exposed to the air. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > moss > [noun] > that grows on trees or skulls tree-moss1611 skull-moss1631 1631 W. Foster Hoplocrisma-spongus 40 Scull-mosse or bones,..Mummy and the Fat of Man..comprehend the corporeall perfection of Man. 1681 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis ii. iii. iv. 237 Of the same Species with the Skull-Mosse. † skull-seam n. Obsolete a suture on the skull. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > joint > joints > [noun] > joints of skull commissure?a1425 lambdac1475 sagittal suture (addition, commissure)?1541 coronal suture1543 sagit?1550 garland-seam1576 commissary1577 agglutination1578 skull-seam1605 lambdoidal suture (commissure)1653 transverse suture1741 orbitar1782 pterion1878 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. vi. 210 The Nose..serueth as a gutter To void the Excrements of grossest matter, As by the Skull-seames, and the Porie Skinne Euaporate those that are light and thinne. skull session n. U.S. slang a discussion, conference. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] > topic of or subject for conversation or gossip > discussion debate1393 revolutionc1425 treatingc1450 disputation1489 debatement1536 debating1548 discuss1571 discussion1598 reasoning1611 entertainment1625 ventilationa1631 ventilating1660 discussal1809 skull session1959 séance1962 1959 J. Blish Clash of Cymbals iv. 97 Web and Estelle..had become accepted silent partners at such skull-sessions. 1973 ‘D. Jordan’ Nile Green xi. 49 Joe was ready for the skull session. skull-vein n. (see quot. 1838). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > sedimentary rock > [noun] > limestone > vein in skull-vein1838 1838 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 98/2 The peculiar character of the veins commonly called scull veins, from their strong resemblance to the sutures of the scull, which traverse the blocks of white limestone. Draft additions 1993 slang. Originally: the head of an Oxford College or Hall (obsolete). Subsequently gen.: one who is in charge, a chief or head; also, an expert. Cf. golgotha n. 2.Apparently obsolescent in the U.K. by mid-19th cent., but soon afterwards recorded in the U.S. and subsequently Australia. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > person in control > [noun] mastereOE shepper1377 commandera1400 convoyer1488 comptroller?1536 controllera1540 controller-general1562 bridler1570 comptroller-general1587 disposerc1595 overruler1695 skull1880 the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [noun] > skilful person > expert grand master1590 adept1674 dab1691 dabster1708 dab hand1828 dead-hand1848 ringer1848 expert1853 skull1880 1880 Slang Dict. 32/1 Skull, the head of the house; the President of the United States; the Governor; the head man. 1944 D. Burley Orig. Handbk. Harlem Jive 104 Now, this skull was in there, Jack, he was frantic. 1948 G. H. Johnston Death takes Small Bites v. 107 ‘Who does he fix the deal with?’ ‘God knows! D'ye think the skulls tell us that?’ 1964 G. H. Johnston My Brother Jack 325 You knowing all the brass-hats and the skulls down at the Barracks... I don't suppose you could pull some strings for me? 1978 R. Beilby Gunner 135 The little man nodded towards Whiteside and the captain... ‘Them skulls with you?’ This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online June 2022). skullsculln.² Brit. /skʌl/, U.S. /skəl/, Scottish English /skʌl/ Forms: α. 1500s skill, skyll. β. 1500s– skull. γ. 1700s– scull. Etymology: Of obscure origin. Scottish and †northern. A strong, shallow basket (now sometimes made of iron wire) of a circular or oval form and considerable size, used esp. for farm produce, fish, and fishing-lines. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > container for food > [noun] > basket basketa1300 scuttle1404 skull?a1513 cassiea1688 society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > basket > [noun] > large > and shallow flasket1460 skull?a1513 trencher-basket1630 shallow1851 α. a1513 W. Dunbar Flyting in Poems (1998) I. 208 Fische wyvis cryis, ‘Fy!’, and castis doun skillis [a1586 squell] and skeilis. 1516–17 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 106 Pro le Skyll' pro bobus pascent. 2d. β. 1513 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 496 Item, for skullis, vj d.1634–46 J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1842) 288 To the Judas, whose skill..was knowen to be far greater in making of skulls nor either in praying or preaching.1724 Dunbar's Flyting xxiii, in Ramsay Evergreen Fish Wyves..cast down Skulls and skeils.1821 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 10 395 She seized her empty skull, and beat it unmercifully about..poor John.1840 Q. Jrnl. Agric. 11 No. 49. 112 The large ozier or willow basket..in some parts of the country known by the name of ‘skulls’.1882 Jamieson's Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (new ed.) (at cited word) The fisherman's skull is..deep at one end for the line, and shallow at the other for the baited hooks.γ. 1752 in W. Cramond Rec. Elgin (1903) I. 465 All riddles, sculls, creels, mauns, beescaps.1794 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. XIII. 401 She recollected that she was..rocked in a fisher's scull instead of a cradle.1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. x. 280 She maun get the scull on her back, and awa wi' the fish to the next burrows town.1851 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm* (ed. 2) I. 261 The most common practice of carrying the turnips is by the stalls in baskets, called sculls. Derivatives ˈskullful n. the fill of a skull. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > amount defined by capacity > [noun] > amount that fills part of body > head headful1586 skullful1844 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 122 Each skulful [(ed. 2) scullful] will contain rather more than 32 lb. [of turnips]. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † skulln.³ Forms: Also scull. Etymology: Of obscure origin. Obsolete. rare. A drinking-bowl or -vessel. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > containers for drink > drinking vessel > [noun] chalicec825 napeOE copc950 fullOE cupc1000 canOE shalec1075 scalec1230 maselin?a1300 mazer1311 richardine1352 dish1381 fiole1382 pece1383 phialc1384 gobletc1400 bowl-cup1420 chalice-cup1420 crusec1420 mazer-cup1434 goddard1439 stoup1452 bicker1459 cowl1476 tankard1485 stop1489 hanapa1513 skull1513 Maudlin cup1544 Magdalene cup?a1549 mazer bowl1562 skew1567 shell1577 godet1580 mazard1584 bousing-can1590 cushion1594 glove1609 rumkin1636 Maudlin pot1638 Pimlico1654 mazer dish1656 mug1664 tumbler1664 souce1688 streaker1694 ox-eye1703 false-cup1708 tankard-cup1745 poculum1846 phiale1867 tumbler-cup1900 stem-cup1915 sippy cup1986 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iii. i. 125 We keist of warme mylk mony a scull [L. cymbium]. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vii. iii. 89 In flacon and in skull [L. cratera] Thai skynk the wyne. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2021). skullv. Brit. /skʌl/, U.S. /skəl/ Etymology: < skull n.¹ 1. transitive (with up) and intransitive. Metallurgy. Of molten metal: to freeze and form a skull (in). Cf. skull n.¹ 4. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > freeze and form crust in skull1941 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [verb (intransitive)] > freeze and form crust skull1941 1941 Engineers' Digest 2 409/2 Very low sulphur iron, or slow-running iron, would skull up the ladles if much scrap were used. 1953 D. J. O. Brandt Manuf. Iron & Steel xxiii. 174 Neither may the ladle be emptied too slowly, for if it is the steel will get too cold and will ‘scull’ [(ed. 2) skull], i.e., freeze. 2. transitive. To strike (someone) on the head. slang (chiefly U.S.). ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > striking > striking on specific part of the body > strike on specific part of body [verb (transitive)] > on the head mazer1596 mazard1616 nope1684 snabble1725 crown1746 jow1802 nob1811 bean1910 skull1945 1945 S. J. Baker Austral. Lang. viii. 157 Skull, to strike (someone). 1952 B. Malamud Natural 32 My father? Well, maybe I did want to skull him sometimes. 1956 F. Castle Violent Hours vii. 58 ‘You didn't get skulled backing away from him,’ Webb said dryly. 1975 A. Bergman Hollywood & Le Vine (1976) viii. 97 My waking came in drugged stages... I had been skulled. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1986; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹?c1225n.²?a1513n.³1513v.1941
随便看	metalworker metalworkers metalworking metalworkings metalworks metalyield metamaterial metamathematical metamathematically metamathematician metamathematicians metamathematics metamathematicses metameconate metameconic metamer metamera metameral metamere metameres metameric metamerically metameride metamerism metamerisms

skulln.1

Compounds

Draft additions 1993

skullsculln.2

Derivatives

† skulln.3

skullv.

skulln.¹

skullsculln.²

† skulln.³