单词 | skail |
释义 | skailn. northern dialect and Scottish. 1. A dispersal or separation; a scattering. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > [noun] > driving away > driving away in all directions > instance of skaila1400 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 15541 Þis ilke night sal be a skaile bi-tuix ȝu and me. 1625 in Lang Hist. Scot. (1904) III. i. 8 There would be a scaill among our Counsellors and the Sessioners. 1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (at cited word) The skail of the kirk. 1837 Voluntary Church Mag. Jan. 12 The skail of the kirk and the dismissal of the court happening at the same time. 1871 J. Richardson Cummerland Talk 1st Ser. 47 They wad mak a bonnie scail o' thur scrafflen things 'at git silver cups. 2. A dispersed company; a scattered party. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > absence of arrangement > [noun] > irregular arrangement > a straggling or scattered array skail1487 sprawl1827 straggle1865 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > [noun] > driving away > driving away in all directions > those so driven skail1827 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xv. 337 He Saw bot the fleand scaill, perfay, And thame that sesyt in the pray. 1827 W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd 160 Within the yetts, that stood unlockit To catch the skails, that..Cam' rushin' in. 3. Mining. (See quots.) ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > passage > ventilation passages or openings > parts of skail1860 split1883 the world > matter > gas > air > fresh air > [noun] > supplying fresh air or ventilation > ventilator > passage, shaft, duct, or pipe > division of ventilating current in mine skail1860 split1883 1860 Eng. & Foreign Mining Gloss. (new ed.) 62 Scale of air—a small portion of air abstracted from the main current. 1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining Scale, a small portion of the ventilative current in a mine passing through a certain-sized aperture. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2022). skailv. northern dialect and Scottish. I. To scatter, spread, and related uses. 1. a. transitive. To scatter or disperse (a thing or collection of things). ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > drive away > drive away in all directions to-driveOE to-dreveOE to-skairc1175 scattera1300 skaila1300 disparplea1325 sheda1325 discatterc1330 to-scattera1382 sparple1382 to-rusha1387 to-sparplea1387 deperpeyla1400 rat1402 sever1412 to-ratc1440 disparklec1449 scarkle1450 sparklea1470 disperse1503 shudderc1540 sparse1549 dissipate?c1550 to wap sindry1563 squander1622 rout1641 to feeze about1689 a1300 Cursor Mundi 26021 Þis reuth es like a castand gin, Scailand a hepe es samen o sin. a1300 Cursor Mundi 27899 For all þat euer festis wiit, Drunkennes þan skailes it. c1425 Wyntoun Cron. viii. 2443 Qwha skalis his thoucht in syndrynes, In althynge it is þe les. c1480 (a1400) St. Paul 378 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 40 Here slane has bene mony men, Of quham þe hedis in placis sere ar scalyt. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 115 Gif the vassallis be nocht with thair lord, thai ar agaynis him, and scailis his gudis. c1500 W. Kennedy Passion of Christ 14 Haill, beyme to skaill of ded þe dirk vmbrakill! 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 453 Lyk a certane sone, new risen to skail and skattir the Cloudis of al tumulte. 1826 J. Galt Last of Lairds i. 8 It has skail't the daunert wits o' the master. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 990 This is termed skailing the air; for otherwise the gas would kindle at the furnace. 1853 G. Johnston Terra Lindisfarnensis I. 125 The pains that Nature takes to ‘scale’ her species. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publish or spread abroad [verb (transitive)] sowc888 blowc1275 dispeple1297 to do abroadc1300 fame1303 publyc1350 defamea1382 publisha1382 open?1387 proclaima1393 slandera1400 spreada1400 abroachc1400 throwc1400 to give outa1425 promote?a1425 noisec1425 publicc1430 noisec1440 divulgea1464 to put outc1475 skail1487 to come out witha1500 bruit1525 bruita1529 to bear out1530 divulgate1530 promulgate1530 propale?1530 ventilate1530 provulgate1535 sparple1536 sparse1536 promulge1539 disperse1548 publicate1548 forthtell1549 hurly-burly?1550 propagate1554 to set abroada1555 utter1561 to set forth1567 blaze1570 evulgate1570 scatter1576 rear?1577 to carry about1585 pervulgate1586 celebrate?1596 propalate1598 vent1602 evulge1611 to give forth1611 impublic1628 ventilate1637 disseminate1643 expose1644 emit1650 to put about1664 to send abroad1681 to get abroad1688 to take out1697 advertise1710 forward1713 to set abouta1715 circulate1780 broadcast1829 vent1832 vulgate1851 debit1879 float1883 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) v. 447 Bot the tithandis var scalit sone, Of the deid douglass had done. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xii. l. 1300 Throuch braid Bretane the woice tharoff was scalyt. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iv. v. 32 This ilk wenche..Glaidlie this rumour gan throw the peple skaill. c. To scatter or spread (hay, manure, mole-hills, etc.) over the ground. Also, to clear (land) of mole-hills by scattering them. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > fertilizing or manuring > fertilize or manure [verb (transitive)] > treat with other natural fertilizer > spread fertilizer skaila1642 marl1791 the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > reclamation > reclaim [verb (transitive)] > clear land > clear of mole-hills skail1822 (a) (b)1822 T. Bewick Mem. 14 To ‘scale’ the pastures and meadows, that is to spread the mole hills over the surface of the ground.1827 E. Mackenzie Descr. & Hist. Acct. Newcastle II. 713 They are also required to scale, mole, and dress the Cow Hill.a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 82 Then att night..hee..scaled the hey aboute in little heapes. 1764 Museum Rusticum 2 247 They lead out their fold-garth manure, and scale, or spread it immediately from the waggon. 1781 J. Hutton Tour to Caves (ed. 2) Gloss. 95 Skale, or Skail, to scatter or throw abroad, as molehills are when levelled. 1789 D. Davidson Thoughts Seasons 143 Some..skail, Wi' eager nebs, the dusky frozen turf. 1894 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words at Scale Manure is dropped on land from a cart in isolated little heaps which are subsequently scaled, that is, scattered evenly over the surface. d. dialect. To rake out; to clear with a poker. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > cleaning house > clean house or room [verb (transitive)] > clean out fire skeer1673 skail1790 shed1873 1790 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. (ed. 2) Suppl. at Scale Scale the Oven. 1867 B. Brierley Marlocks of Merriton i. i The youth with the poker commenced ‘scaling’ the fire. 2. a. To pour out; to shed; to spill. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > liquid which has been emitted > action or process of emitting copiously > emit copiously [verb (transitive)] outyeta1400 effundc1420 shed1430 diffude?a1475 skail1513 effuse1526 diffuse1541 flow1550 outwell1590 spend1602 pour1604 exfuse1612 effude1634 profund1657 efflux1669 profuse1771 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > emit > copiously > in or as in a stream runeOE ayetOE yetOE hieldc1200 pourc1330 bleed1377 spouta1398 wella1398 outyeta1400 wellc1400 effundc1420 streama1425 shed1430 diffude?a1475 skail1513 peera1522 effuse1526 diffuse1541 flow1550 gusha1555 outpoura1560 brew1581 outwell1590 spend1602 spin1610 exfuse1612 guttera1618 effude1634 disembogue1641 profund1657 efflux1669 decant1742 profuse1771 sluice1859 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > let out > spill shed?c1225 spilla1340 slop1557 skail1828 skedaddle1862 slob1894 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iv. iii. 59 I sall vpon thaim a mirk schour doun schaill Of weit and wynd. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) iii. 21 Them that settis ther felicite to skattir & to skail blude. 1578 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1878) 1st Ser. II. 695 [They] skaillit and sparpallit the meill..in the said burne. 1728 A. Ramsay Robert Richy & Sandy 80 Red-yards, ye ken.., Had skail'd of ours, but mair of his ain blood. 1828 D. M. Moir Life Mansie Wauch xix. 281 Scores of folks driving about with pitcherfulls of water, and scaling half of it on one another and the causeway. 1894 A. Laing Misc. Poems 17 (E.D.D.) Then glaiket things may scale their tea Upon oor Sunday braws. b. To rend, spoil. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > tearing or tearing apart > tear [verb (transitive)] > tear apart to-loukc890 to-braidc893 to-tearc893 to-teec893 to-rendc950 to-breakc1200 to-tugc1220 to-lima1225 rivea1250 to-drawa1250 to-tosea1250 drawa1300 rendc1300 to-rit13.. to-rivec1300 to-tusec1300 rakea1325 renta1325 to-pullc1330 to-tightc1330 tirec1374 halea1398 lacerate?a1425 to-renta1425 yryve1426 raga1450 to pull to (or in) piecesc1450 ravec1450 discerp1483 pluck1526 rip1530 decerp1531 rift1534 dilaniate1535 rochec1540 rack1549 teasea1550 berend1577 distract1585 ream1587 distrain1590 unrive1592 unseam1592 outrive1598 divulse1602 dilacerate1604 harrow1604 tatter1608 mammocka1616 uprentc1620 divell1628 divellicate1638 seam-rend1647 proscind1659 skail1768 screeda1785 spret1832 to tear to shreds1837 ribbon1897 1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess 28 Her gartens tint, her shoon a' skelt and torn. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > extend [verb (transitive)] > spread (something) out or open abredeeOE bredeOE stretcha1000 to-spreada1000 openOE spreadc1175 displayc1320 to let outc1380 to open outc1384 outspreada1400 spald?a1400 splayc1402 expand?a1475 to lay along1483 speld?a1500 skail1513 to set abroad1526 to lay abroad1530 flarec1550 bespread1557 to set out1573 dispread1590 explaina1600 expanse1600 dispack1605 splat1615 dispand1656 extend1676 flat1709 spelder1710 spreadeagle1829 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid viii. xii. 83 Scaland schetis, and haldand rowme at large. 4. To separate, remove. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] to-twemec893 sunderOE asunderOE shedOE dealOE shill1049 skillc1175 to-twinc1175 twinc1230 disseverc1250 depart1297 slita1300 to-throwc1315 parta1325 drevec1325 devisec1330 dividec1374 sever1382 unknit?a1425 divorce1430 separea1450 separate?a1475 untine1496 to put apart1530 discussa1542 deceper1547 disseparate1550 apart1563 unjoint1565 shoal1571 divisionatea1586 single1587 dispart1590 descide1598 disassociate1598 distract1600 dissolve1605 discriminate1615 dissociate1623 discerpa1628 discind1640 dissunder1642 distinguish1648 severize1649 unstring1674 skaila1833 cleave1873 dirempt1885 a1833 Queen's Marie vi, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1889) III. vi. 393/1 The king is to the Abbey gane, To pu the Abbey-tree, To scale the babe frae Marie's heart. II. To break up and related uses. 5. a. To break up (an assembly, school, etc.) by dismissal; †to disband (an army). ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (transitive)] > a company or assembly dissever1393 parta1400 skaila1400 to break up1483 disassemble1550 dismiss1582 disband1591 unflock1611 revoke1675 break1685 bust1855 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13850 Wit þis þai scaild þair semble, Bot iesus went fra þat cite. c1425 Wyntoun Cron. ix. 1440 Ay þai qwhit ȝow lil for lal, Or þat þai skail þar marcat all. 1487 Sc. Acts, Jas. III (1814) II. 177/2 The Shereff sal..charge þaim to cess, & skale þair gadering. 1528 in State Papers Henry VIII (1836) IV. 510 (note) Unto suche tyme as the Kyng retorne homewardes, and scail his host. 1541 in State Papers Henry VIII (1836) V. 199 We ar contentit þat baith ye armyis in all partis be skalit. 1598 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1848) II. 174 Gif the said schooll be dissolvit and skaillit, it will tend to the preiudice of the youth of this town. 1791 J. Learmont Poems Pastoral 43 Stick baith the sermon an' the tune, An' skale the kirk. 1886 ‘H. Haliburton’ Horace 11 Then Patie's waukened wi' a kick, An' skells the meetin'. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting a type of place > inhabit type of place [verb (transitive)] > move (house) skail1567 1567 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 516 Diverse..landis are laid waist, and mony honest houshaldis constrenit to skaill thair houssis. 1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus i. f. 11 Men & wemen hes skalit thair hate [sic] houshald? 1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1664) i. clxxxii. 352 Were it not that want paineth me, I should have skailed house & gone a begging long since. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > illegality > render illegal [verb (transitive)] > deprive of legal validity abatea1325 squatcha1325 voida1325 allayc1325 annul1395 reverse1395 revokec1400 rupt?a1425 repealc1425 abroge1427 defeat1429 purloin1461 cassa1464 toll1467 resume1472 reprove1479 suspend1488 discharge1495 reduce1498 cassate1512 defease1512 denulla1513 disannula1513 fordoa1513 avoid1514–5 abrogate?1520 frustrate1528 revert1528 disaffirm?1530 extinct1530 resolve1537 null1538 nihilate1545 extinguish1548 elidec1554 revocate1564 annullate1570 squat1577 skaila1583 irritate1605 retex1606 nullify1607 unable1611 refix1621 vitiate1627 invalid1643 vacate1643 unlaw1644 outlaw1647 invalidate1649 disenact1651 vacuate1654 supersedec1674 destroy1805 break1891 a1583 J. Balfour Practicks (1754) 345 To proceid aganis ony persoun that aucht to keip proclamatioun, the samin standand vndischargit or skaillit. a. To compel (an army, etc.) to scatter or disperse; to put to flight, to rout. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > victory > make victorious [verb (transitive)] > put to flight to bring or do on (usually a, o) flighta1225 fleya1225 forchasea1400 ruse?a1425 skailc1425 dislodgea1450 to put to (the) flight (or upon the flight)1489 to turn to or into flight1526 discamp1566 flightc1571 dissipate1596 to put to (a, the) rout1596 dissipe1597 rout1600 disrout1626 derout1637 to beat off1650 to send to the right about (also rightabouts)1743 c1425 Wyntoun Cron. ix. 1492 Befor þe laif þai knychtis þen..Pressit þaim fast to skayl þat rowt. 1482 W. Caxton Trevisa's Higden iii. xiv And there his men were beten..and skayled euery from other. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) vii. 299 Fortoun has traualit vs this day, That scalit vs so suddandly. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) vi. 428 And douglas..full egirly Assalit, and scalit thame hastely. 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. i. x. 57 To skail þame in sindry partis he began to fle. 1581 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xliv. 328 Iudas sall Iuge ȝou, and God sall scale ȝour nest. a1600 Floddan Field (1664) viii. 73 The gray gooswing did work such greif, And did the Scots so skoure and skaile. 1732 E. Erskine Serm. in Wks. (1871) I. 485 By the fall of Adam the family was skailt. 1843 Coquetdale Fishing Songs (1852) 109 Deil scale the byke frae Redlees Syke. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > action or state of siege or blockade > besiege or blockade [verb (transitive)] > abandon (siege) removea1387 skailc1425 raise1477 c1425 Wyntoun Cron. ix. 2970 Sa sall we pruff Þat sege to skail, or gar remuff. 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. ii. vi. 147 How Caius mucius..causit porsena to scale his sege. 1573 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxxix. 60 To Glasgow [they] past with mony trapit steid, Thair skalit the sege. III. To become scattered or dispersed. 7. In passive: To be in a scattered or dispersed condition. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (transitive)] to-shedc888 skairc1175 skaila1400 disparklec1449 scatter?c1450 spartlec1475 sprattlea1500 distribute?c1510 disperge1530 shudderc1540 crumble1547 pour1574 sperse1580 disject1581 spatter1582 distract1589 sparflec1600 esparse1625 fan1639 disperse1654 sparge1786 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] > go away in all directions > be driven in all directions to-flyc1000 to-drevea1225 sparplec1330 to-shedc1330 skaila1400 disparplec1400 scatterc1430 sparklec1440 shedc1485 disrout1525 disparkle1553 shattera1620 disperse1665 squander1823 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 22304 Cummen I am to gedir yow þat has been scaild ai to nu. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xii. 466 Quhen we se thame scalit swa, Prik we than on thame hardely. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) v. l. 282 The chas was gret, scalyt our breid and lenth. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vi. xi. 58 The byssy beis..On diuers colorit flouris scalit wyde. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 45 Money of the earleis freindis being skailed of the toune. 8. intransitive. Of persons, assemblies, etc.: To separate, disperse, break up, scatter. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] > go away in all directions to-fareOE to-ferec1000 to-wendc1175 skaila1300 dissipate1660 dispersea1672 sperse1827 the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter or be dispersed [verb (intransitive)] > scatter skaila1300 to fall (also go) by the wayside1526 straw1526 a1300 Cursor Mundi 2524 Þair folk scaild ai-quare a-boute. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) v. 93 Thai scalit throu the toune in hy. 1498 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1869) 75 That all scuillis scail and nane to be haldin. 1542 in State Papers Henry VIII (1836) V. 215 (note) He mette..thayme of Lowdean scayllande and goinge homewarde. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) II. 120 This airmie skailled and passit na forder at that tyme. 1637 S. Rutherford Let. in Joshua Redivivus (1664) cxlviii. 296 How soon will this house skail! 1724 Ramsay's Tea-t. Misc. (1733) II. 211 Ay Jeany, Jeany, ye gade to the kirk; But when it skail'd where could thou be? 1822 J. Galt Provost xxxii. 241 The grammar school was at the time skayling. 1858–61 E. B. Ramsay Reminisc. Sc. Life (1870) p. x I was just stan'ing till the kirk had scaled. 1897 S. R. Crockett Lads' Love xvii. 179 A miscellaneous pour of lads and lasses almost like a kirk skailing. 9. Of things: To spread or disperse; to pour down or be spilled. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > spreading or diffusion > [verb (intransitive)] bredeOE bespreadc1275 skaila1300 springc1390 shaila1400 spread1560 disperse1605 diffuse1655 the world > matter > liquid > liquid which has been emitted > action or process of spilling or that which is spilled > spill [verb (intransitive)] > be spilled skail1513 the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > flow [verb (intransitive)] > down skail1513 deflow1646 deflux1647 downwell1967 a1300 Cursor Mundi 26995 Quat es man lijf bot fam, And a rek þat..skailles wit a windes blast. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 18836 His hare..Apon his sculdres ligand wele, Bi his eres skailand sumdele. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vii. l. 467 The stynk scalyt off ded bodyis sa wyde. 1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid xiii. Prol. 22 The recent dew begynnis doun to scaill. 1599 A. Hume Day Estivall 62 The clouds of raine From tops of mountaines skails. 1895 N. Roy Horseman's Word xxxiv. 381 It wantit little till it would be skailin' ower the tap on's [= top of us]. Derivatives skailed adj. scattered, spilled. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > [adjective] disperse1393 distract1398 scattereda1425 skailed1488 dispersed1526 dissipate1606 dissipated1610 straggled1641 disjected1647 respersed1649 disparpled1652 disseminated1662 shattered1687 sundered1796 decentralized1851 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > [adjective] > driven away in all directions scattereda1425 forscattered1430 sparpled1432 skailed1488 dispersed1526 disparkled1529 severed1581 flittered1582 sparsed1585 discattered1595 disjected1647 squandered1647 dissipateda1711 dissipate1715 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xi. l. 691 Feill scalyt folk to thaim will son Ranew. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 40 Sum standis besyd and skayld law keppis. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2022). > see alsoalso refers to : skail-comb. form < n.a1400v.a1300 see also |
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