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单词 sinus
释义

sinusn.

Brit. /ˈsʌɪnəs/, U.S. /ˈsaɪnəs/
Forms: Plural sinuses (1600s sinus, 1600s–1800s sinus's, 1700s sinusses).
Etymology: < Latin sinus a curve, bend, bay, etc.
1. Pathology. An impostume, abscess, or sore, forming a narrow suppurating tract and having a small orifice; the cavity or hollow caused by this.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > suppuration > [noun] > a suppuration > abscess > fistula
fester?c1225
fistulaa1400
sinus1598
thistolow1674
1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. 45/1 If the Sinus be in the legge, & the bottome of the same vnder the Knee.
1693 tr. S. Blankaart Physical Dict. (ed. 2) 186 Sinus, is when the beginning of an Abscess or Ulcer is narrow, but the bottom large.
1748 tr. Vegetius Of Distempers Horses 238 When the Pus..has been squeezed out, the Sinus itself, which contained it, is washed.
1804 J. Abernethy Surg. Observ. 124 Sinuses remained where the abscesses had been.
1881 Med. Temp. Jrnl. 46 83 There was a sinus discharging pus on the inside of the right thigh above the knee.
2.
a. A curvature, flexure, or bend; spec. in Zoology, a curved recess in a shell.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > [noun] > a curve
bightOE
crookingc1380
curvature?a1425
bought1519
compass1545
ply1575
reflexure1578
curve1596
circumflex1601
curb1601
flexion1607
flexure1608
round1608
sinus1615
return1626
inflection1658
curvity1705
sweep1715
tarve1848
the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > shape > [noun] > bend or fold
folda1250
plight1543
duplication1578
reduplication1578
sinus1615
plica1660
recess1666
duplicature1683
reduplicature1698
geniculum1701
genu1854
infraction1882
uncinate1891
1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 995 The third bone hath two Sinus distinguished by a long knot, whereinto the heads of the second bone are receyued: againe the knub of the third bone entreth into the Sinus of the second [etc.].
1656 tr. T. Hobbes Elements Philos. ii. xiv. 130 Howsoever a Line be bowed, it makes alwayes a Sinus or Cavity.
1720 Bibliotheca Biblica I. 235 There was no Sinus or Inequality, or perhaps so much as one Pore left open, according to this Hypothesis of the Figure of the Ark.
a1728 J. Woodward Attempt Nat. Hist. Fossils Eng. (1729) ii. 73 Another [echinus], depress'd by some external Force, so as to make a large Sinus on one side.
1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. iii. 45 The root of this outward ear, the folds and sinuses thereof..conducting the air towards it.
1822 J. Parkinson Outl. Oryctol. 156 A wing or lobe, having a sinus distinct from the notched canal at the base.
1840 E. Blyth et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom 360 There is a broad notch or sinus in the columella.
b. Botany. One of a series of small rounded depressions on the margin of a leaf.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > [noun] > part or side of
backsidec1392
cut1563
purl1626
ambitient1657
unguicle1657
verge1704
sinus1753
pagina1832
blade1835
crenel1835
biforine1842
underleaf1873
tentacle1875
bullation1882
leaf skin1974
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Leaf A leaf with sinus's at the sides.
1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xxviii. 438 The sinuses being opposite.
1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 59 Their sinuses sometimes lengthened into other lobes.
1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora Brit. Islands 325 Auricles rounded incurved almost enclosing the deep sinus.
3. Anatomy.
a. One or other of various irregular venous cavities, reservoirs, or dilated blood vessels in different organs or parts of the body; a venous channel or receptacle of blood.These are frequently distinguished according to their extent, particular form, or position.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > vascular system > blood vessel > [noun]
eddreOE
arm-eddrec1230
veina1325
pipec1385
weasand1398
venaa1400
conceptacle1576
vene1606
line1611
blood vessel1655
sinus1673
sanguiduct1681
blood sinus1857
1673 Philos. Trans. 1672 (Royal Soc.) 7 5134 Whether there is any sinus or common Trunk, into which all the veins are gathered.
1731 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 37 92 We found the Veins much distended with Blood, as were also the Veins and Sinuses of the Brain.
1762 Philos. Trans. 1761 (Royal Soc.) 52 267 The brain was..no-ways loaded with blood, either in its proper vessels, or in the contiguous sinuses of the dura mater.
1831 R. Knox tr. H. Cloquet Syst. Human Anat. (ed. 2) 437 Inferior Longitudinal Sinus.., occupying the lower edge of the cerebral falx.
1851 S. P. Woodward Man. Mollusca i. 31 Both the arteries and veins form occasionally wide spaces, or sinuses.
1877 T. H. Huxley Man. Anat. Invertebrated Animals i. 58 The venous system presents many large sinuses in the lower vertebrates.
b. A natural hole, cell, or cavity in the substance of a bone or other tissue, and either closed or having a relatively small opening.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > indentation or cavity > [noun] > depression or cavity
pita1275
holec1300
cella1398
den1398
follicle?a1425
purse?a1425
pocketa1450
fossac1475
cystis1543
trench1565
conceptory1576
vesike1577
vesicle1578
vault1594
socket1601
bladderet1615
cistern1615
cavern1626
ventricle1641
bladder1661
antrum1684
conceptaculum1691
capsule1693
cellule1694
loculus1694
sinus1704
vesicula1705
vesica1706
fosse1710
pouch1712
cyst1721
air chamber1725
fossula1733
alveole1739
sac1741
sacculus1749
locule1751
compartment1772
air cell1774
fossule1803
umbilicus1811
conceptacle1819
cœlia1820
utricle1822
air sac1835
saccule1836
ampulla1845
vacuole1853
scrobicule1880
faveolus1882
1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. (at cited word) Any Cavity in or between the Vessels of an Animal Body, the Anatomists call a Sinus.
1741 A. Monro Anat. Human Bones (ed. 3) 28 Sinuses, large Cavities within the Substance of the Bones, with small Apertures.
1767 B. Gooch Pract. Treat. Wounds I. 297 The application of the trepan to the frontal sinuses.
1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 434/2 In the bones of the head we find certain cells, called sinuses, which contain air, not marrow.
1871 C. Darwin Descent of Man I. iv. 121 The frontal sinus, or the projection over the eye-brows is largely developed.
4. A cavity or hole in the earth. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun]
dalea800
piteOE
dike847
hollowc897
hole946
seathc950
delfOE
hollc1050
ditchc1275
lakec1320
holetc1380
slacka1500
dell1531
vault1535
pit-hole1583
delve1590
lough1672
sinusa1676
gap1696
self-lough1700
scoop1780
cup1819
a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) 299 By the excavation of certain Sinus and Tracts of the Earth,..the Water subsided into those Caverns..prepared for its reception.
1684 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 14 513 They meet with [natural cavities in the earth] very frequently, some..running away with small Sinus's.
1784 J. Twamley Dairying Exemplified 145 The Earth..abounding every where with canals and sinuses, wherein the Dew and Rain-water..glide.
5. A bay, gulf, or arm of the sea; = sine n.2 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > bend in coast > [noun] > bay or gulf
bay1385
bosomc1400
gulfc1400
gouffre1477
break?1520
reach1526
bight1555
opening1576
sine1605
breach1611
cod1611
traversea1645
sinus1684
embayment1815
1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth i. 110 The promontories and capes shoot into the sea, and the sinus's and creeks..run as much into the land.
1692 J. Ray Misc. Disc. v. 71 The Sea would rather run into them, and make Sinuses.
1717 G. Berkeley Jrnls. Trav. Italy 26 May in Wks. (1955) VII. 282 Left Brindisi..a bridge over a narrow sinus of ye sea.
1749 W. Douglass Summary I. 399 A salt water sinus, commonly called a continuation of Taunton river.
1789 J. Williams Nat. Hist. Mineral Kingdom II. 163 The great number of friths, sinuses, or arms of the sea.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
a.
sinus affection n.
sinus aneurysm n.
ΚΠ
1898 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. V. 940 The presence or absence of sinus aneurysm.
sinus infection n.
ΚΠ
1936 Discovery Dec. 380/1 I was suffering from widespread sinus infection.
sinus phlebitis n.
sinus pyaemia n.
sinus thrombosis n.
b.
sinus-like adj.
ΚΠ
1883 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 678/1 Sinus-like spaces surrounding the viscera.
C2.
sinus gland n. [translating German sinusdrüse (B. Hanström 1937, in K. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. XVI. iii. 3)] Zoology a structure in the eye stalk or head of crustaceans originally thought to be a gland but now recognized as a neurohæmal organ in which are stored various hormones concerned with growth, reproduction, and metabolism.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > member of > parts of > eye-stalk > organ in eye-stalk or head
sinus gland1938
1938 Arkiv för Zoologi XXX B. viii. 1 When investigating the nervous system and the organs of sense of the crustaceans, Hanström found (1931–1935) two organs which he called the blood gland (the sinus gland) and the X-organ.
1972 M. S. Gardiner Biol. Invertebr. xvii. 714/1 Molting in decapod crustaceans is also influenced by hormones discharged from the sinus glands.
sinus probe n. (see quot. a1884).
ΚΠ
a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 816/2 Sinus Probe, a vermicular pointed uterine curved probe, used in its peculiar branch of surgical operations.
sinus rhythm n. the normal rhythm of the heart, proceeding from the sino-atrial node.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > vascular system > circulation > pulsation > heartbeat > [noun] > types of
palpitation?a1425
panting1440
dunt1768
wallop1824
apex beat1847
afterbeat1853
impulse1873
extrasystole1900
sinus rhythm1911
afterpotential1930
afterload1941
preload1960
1911 T. Lewis Mechanism of Heart Beat xii. 132 The compensatory pause fails; that is to say, disturbance of sinus rhythm may be demonstrated.
1980 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 29 Mar. 922/2 Ventricular fibrillation was converted to sinus rhythm with a ‘thump’ on the chest.
sinus venosus n. [modern Latin, < venōsus venous] a part of some vertebrate hearts into which the veins lead and which empties into the atrium.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > vascular system > heart > [noun] > other parts of
heart-rootc1390
cone1615
sinus venosus1836
cor pulmonale1857
pacemaker1910
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > internal organs and systems > [noun] > heart, liver, or lungs > part of heart into which veins lead
sinus venosus1836
1836–9 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. II. 579/2 This division of the auricle into proper auricle and sinus venosus is more distinct in the left than in the right auricle.
1926 J. S. Huxley Ess. Pop. Sci. 199 The ventricle of the frog's heart has its own independent rate of beat when isolated. But in the intact animal this independent rate is all the time being speeded up by the faster-beating sinus venosus.
1970 Encycl. Biol. Sci. (ed. 2) 400/2 In the fish, amphibians, and reptiles the contraction starts in the thin muscle wall of the sinus venosus... In birds and mammals the sinus venosus is absent.
sinus-wall n.
ΚΠ
1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 575 The tissue intermediate between the original inflammation and the sinus wall.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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