sirkarn.

Brit.

/ˈsəːkɑː/,

/ˈsəːkə/, U.S.

/ˈsərˌkɑr/,

/sərˈkɑr/, Indian English /ˈsərkaːr/

Forms: α. 1600s sercar(e, -carr, -cor; 1600s sarkar, 1800s surcar; 1700s sircâr, 1700s–1800s sircar, 1800s sirkar. β. 1600s cercarr, circare, 1700s–1800s circar.

Etymology: Urdu (Persian) sarkār, < Persian sar head + kār agent, doer.

Anglo-Indian.

†1. The court or palace of a native king or prince. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > dwelling of king or ruler > [noun]

hall971

fleta1000

saleOE

courta1175

palacec1300

praetoryc1384

praetorium1536

serail1585

seraglio1589

serai1617

sirkar1619

alcazar1623

alkedavy1631

palaisc1660

Residenz1824

istana1839

arch-house1876

1619 in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1618–21 (1906) 160 We weare sent for to the Governors to cut price of our clothes for the Princes sercarr.

1623 in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1618–21 (1908) II. 303 [Three pictures] delivered into the Prince his sercare.

1626 in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1618–21 (1909) III. 141 [A commodity] which beloungeth to our masters cercare.

2. A province; a revenue division. Cf. circar n.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > an administrative division of territory > [noun] > in India

pargana1614

sirkar1627

zilla1772

district1776

mahal1793

taluk1793

mohalla1825

1627 in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1624–9 (1909) 176 The Decies of Surrat Cercare..will not obey the Kings firmaen, though the Divan..seemeth to urge them.

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 532 Large provinces called Soubahs, which were subdivided into sircars and Purgunnahs.

1801 Asiatic Ann. Reg. 1800 Proc. Parl. 15/2 The great failure has occurred in the northern sircars; where..the collections are still attended with difficulty.

1806 T. Maurice Indian Antiq. I. 285 Multan contains 3 sircars, divided into 8 pergunnahs.

3. The State or Government.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > [noun] > the government of India

sirkar1798

1798 N. B. Edmonstone tr. Tipu Sultan in Marquess Wellesley Select. Despatches (1877) 61 The allied Sircars look to no other object than the security and tranquillity of their own dominions.

1800 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1844) I. 54 To make the people pay the circar according to the exchange fixed at Seringapatam.

1883 S. Mateer Travancore (1891) 179 The principal temples..are under the immediate control of the Sirkar or native Government.

1896 B. M. Croker Village Tales 118 I fled to the plains, where I have taken road contracts for the Sirkar, and prospered.

4. A house-steward (usually native).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > domestic servant > [noun] > head servant or house steward

stewardc1000

spencea1300

spender1340

spencerc1380

maître d'hôtel1540

major-domo1589

dapifer1636

khansama1645

sirkar1772

maître d'1942

1772 H. Verelst View Eng. Govt. Bengal Gloss. p. v In common usage in Bengal, the under Banyans of European gentlemen are called Sircars.

1776 Trial Maha Rajah Nundocomar for Forgery 47/2 The cloth which common sircars tie round their loins.

1796 E. Hamilton Lett. Hindoo Rajah (1811) II. 187 My English Sircar, who has the uncontrolled disbursement of my money.

c1803 M. M. Sherwood in Life (1847) xv. 269 These persons were..stewards, or head servants,—persons in Calcutta called Circars.

5. A native writer or accountant; a clerk employed in a merchant's office for making purchases, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > writer > [noun] > professional writer

writereOE

bookerOE

markerOE

scrivein?1208

scrivener1218

scrieverc1425

pen-clerk?c1430

scribe1435

scrivan1511

penman1552

scrivano1581

feather-driver1593

scriptora1600

Khoja1625

quill man1648

conicopoly1680

quill-driver1700

escrivain1744

sirkar1828

penworker1876

1828 Asiatic Costumes 41 The surcars are brokers, agents, and clerks, in all the public offices in Calcutta.

1905 Statesman 23 Aug. 3/4 The accused..was a bill collecting sircar in the employ of the complainant.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online September 2022).

单词	sirkar
释义	sirkarn. Brit. /ˈsəːkɑː/, /ˈsəːkə/, U.S. /ˈsərˌkɑr/, /sərˈkɑr/, Indian English /ˈsərkaːr/ Forms: α. 1600s sercar(e, -carr, -cor; 1600s sarkar, 1800s surcar; 1700s sircâr, 1700s–1800s sircar, 1800s sirkar. β. 1600s cercarr, circare, 1700s–1800s circar. Etymology: Urdu (Persian) sarkār, < Persian sar head + kār agent, doer. Anglo-Indian. †1. The court or palace of a native king or prince. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > dwelling of king or ruler > [noun] hall971 fleta1000 saleOE courta1175 palacec1300 praetoryc1384 praetorium1536 serail1585 seraglio1589 serai1617 sirkar1619 alcazar1623 alkedavy1631 palaisc1660 Residenz1824 istana1839 arch-house1876 1619 in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1618–21 (1906) 160 We weare sent for to the Governors to cut price of our clothes for the Princes sercarr. 1623 in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1618–21 (1908) II. 303 [Three pictures] delivered into the Prince his sercare. 1626 in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1618–21 (1909) III. 141 [A commodity] which beloungeth to our masters cercare. 2. A province; a revenue division. Cf. circar n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > an administrative division of territory > [noun] > in India pargana1614 sirkar1627 zilla1772 district1776 mahal1793 taluk1793 mohalla1825 1627 in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1624–9 (1909) 176 The Decies of Surrat Cercare..will not obey the Kings firmaen, though the Divan..seemeth to urge them. 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 532 Large provinces called Soubahs, which were subdivided into sircars and Purgunnahs. 1801 Asiatic Ann. Reg. 1800 Proc. Parl. 15/2 The great failure has occurred in the northern sircars; where..the collections are still attended with difficulty. 1806 T. Maurice Indian Antiq. I. 285 Multan contains 3 sircars, divided into 8 pergunnahs. 3. The State or Government. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > [noun] > the government of India sirkar1798 1798 N. B. Edmonstone tr. Tipu Sultan in Marquess Wellesley Select. Despatches (1877) 61 The allied Sircars look to no other object than the security and tranquillity of their own dominions. 1800 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1844) I. 54 To make the people pay the circar according to the exchange fixed at Seringapatam. 1883 S. Mateer Travancore (1891) 179 The principal temples..are under the immediate control of the Sirkar or native Government. 1896 B. M. Croker Village Tales 118 I fled to the plains, where I have taken road contracts for the Sirkar, and prospered. 4. A house-steward (usually native). ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > domestic servant > [noun] > head servant or house steward stewardc1000 spencea1300 spender1340 spencerc1380 maître d'hôtel1540 major-domo1589 dapifer1636 khansama1645 sirkar1772 maître d'1942 1772 H. Verelst View Eng. Govt. Bengal Gloss. p. v In common usage in Bengal, the under Banyans of European gentlemen are called Sircars. 1776 Trial Maha Rajah Nundocomar for Forgery 47/2 The cloth which common sircars tie round their loins. 1796 E. Hamilton Lett. Hindoo Rajah (1811) II. 187 My English Sircar, who has the uncontrolled disbursement of my money. c1803 M. M. Sherwood in Life (1847) xv. 269 These persons were..stewards, or head servants,—persons in Calcutta called Circars. 5. A native writer or accountant; a clerk employed in a merchant's office for making purchases, etc. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > writer > [noun] > professional writer writereOE bookerOE markerOE scrivein?1208 scrivener1218 scrieverc1425 pen-clerk?c1430 scribe1435 scrivan1511 penman1552 scrivano1581 feather-driver1593 scriptora1600 Khoja1625 quill man1648 conicopoly1680 quill-driver1700 escrivain1744 sirkar1828 penworker1876 1828 Asiatic Costumes 41 The surcars are brokers, agents, and clerks, in all the public offices in Calcutta. 1905 Statesman 23 Aug. 3/4 The accused..was a bill collecting sircar in the employ of the complainant. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online September 2022). < n.1619
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