skiagraphyn.

Brit.

/skʌɪˈaɡrəfi/, U.S.

/skaɪˈæɡrəfi/

Forms:

α. 1500s skiographie, 1500s–1600s sciographie, 1500s–1800s sciography.

β. 1600s– sciagraphy Brit. /sʌɪˈaɡrəfi/, U.S. /saɪˈæɡrəfi/, 1800s– skiagraphy.

Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Probably partly a borrowing from French. Probably partly a borrowing from Latin. Probably partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: French sciographie; Latin sciographia; Greek σκιαγραϕία.

Etymology: Probably partly (i) < Middle French, French sciographie, sciagraphie representation of a building in cross-section (1545; 1800 in sense ‘art of finding the time of day by observing the shadow of the sun or moon’, 1842 in sense ‘art of painting shadows’), partly (ii) < its etymon post-classical Latin sciographia (1495 or earlier), sciagraphia (1542 or earlier), and partly (iii) < that word's etymon ancient Greek σκιαγραϕία painting using shadows, so as to produce an illusion of solidity at a distance < Hellenistic Greek σκιαγράϕος , σκιογράϕος (although this is apparently first attested later: see skiagrapher n.) + -ία -y suffix³.

I. Senses relating to outline.

1. An outline, a draft; a rough sketch. Chiefly figurative. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > drawing > [noun] > a drawing > rough or preliminary

skiagraphy1594

model1613

shadow1656

sketch1668

cartoona1684

schizzo1686

ébauche1722

scratch1752

croquis1805

galloping sketch1834

pochade1846

abbozzo1849

scribbling1863

thumbnail sketch1900

under-drawing1934

bozzetto1935

pensiero1959

1594 G. Gifford Treat. True Fortitude Ep. sig. A2^v This Image which in rude maner I haue drawne, deserueth not to be accounted so much as the lineaments, and skiographie of Fortitude, so farre it is aboue my reach to handle the matter as it is worthy.

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 587 Plato..forbad expresly to call or once to esteeme the deliverance of paine and sorrow, either pleasure or joy, but to take them as it were for the rude Sciographie or first draught of a painter [Fr. le premier esbauchement des gros traicts d'vne painture, Gk. σκιαγραϕίαν].

1682 Weekly Memorials for Ingenious (Faithorne & Kersey) 23 Jan. 22 Hereto is added Dr. Slades Sciagraphy of the Nutrition of Animals.

1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica i. ix. 32 Nature being nothing else but a Sciagraphy of Divinity.

1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Sciagraphy, the first Rude Draught of a Thing.

1776 W. Graham Gospel of Christ 12 Even the Prophets in the latter ages of that Church, enjoyed no more than the promise,—a sciagraphy, a draught or profile of Wisdom's astonishing design.

2007 B. Matthews tr. F. W. J. Schelling Grounding Positive Philos. 104 The most fruitful method of taking notes would be if one..were to record only the essential points..and then according to this summary—this skiagraphy—would then attempt to work out and produce the entire lecture itself again.

†2. In the terminology of W. E. Gladstone: the fictional aspects of Homer's geography, as opposed to those corresponding to reality. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1858 W. E. Gladstone Stud. Homer I. 235 The fundamental distinction between his [sc. Homer's] Inner and Outer, his practical and poetical geography. In order to mark that distinction more forcibly, I would..even call..the latter his territorial skiagraphy.

1858 W. E. Gladstone Stud. Homer III. 343 There is a great mass of fabulous and imaginative skiagraphy.

3. The art of drawing outlines or silhouettes.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > painting according to medium or technique > [noun] > silhouetting or shadow-painting

skiagraphy1859

silhouetting1888

1859 T. J. Gullick & J. Timbs Painting 37 Painting is said to have passed through several stages in Greece, commencing with simple skiagraphy or shadow-painting: by which is meant giving the exterior outline, or shape of the shadow of an object, without any intermediate lines.

1913 Amer. Homes & Gardens June 221/1 The earliest artists in monochrome practiced shadowgraphy—or ‘skiagraphy’, as they called it.

2007 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 31 Jan. (Metro section) 16 Skiagraphy involves tracing the shadow of a person's profile, thus accurately and almost mechanically transcribing the lumps and bumps of the face.

II. Senses relating to shadow and perspective.

a. The branch of perspective drawing which deals with the projection of shadows; the perspective depiction of an object in elevation with gradations of light and shade. Cf. scenography n. 1.In quot. 1639 used with punning reference to the word's etymology.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > light and shade > [noun]

skiagraphy1598

chiaroscuro1686

repose1695

claro obscuro1706

clair-obscure1717

clear-obscure1777

lighting effect1867

tone-work1894

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > [noun] > science of > dealing with shadows

skiagraphy1598

1598 R. Haydocke tr. G. P. Lomazzo Tracte Artes Paintinge iv. xxii. 173 Sciographie [It. La scienza sciografica] is..the second part of Perspective; considering the self same reasons of the shaddowes of bodies, which Delineation or drawing doth.

1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre iii. ii. 111 Let those who are delighted with Sciographie, paint out (if they please) these shadow-Patriarchs.

1664 J. Evelyn Acct. Archit. in tr. R. Fréart Parallel Antient Archit. 122 Scenography, or (as some) Sciagraphy, which is the same object elevated upon the same draught and center in all its optical flexures, diminutions and shadows, together with a fore-shortning of a third side, so as the whole Solid of the Edifice becomes visible in Perspective.

1789 P. Smyth tr. H. Aldrich Elements Civil Archit. i. i. i. 2 Let the Architect first make a draught on paper of the intended work: 1. the Ichnography..; 2. Orthography..; 3. Sciagraphy, or Scenography, which exhibits the front and the sides retiring in a perspective view.

1822 J. Gwilt (title) Sciography; or examples of shadows, and rules for their projection.

1853 Chambers's Edinb. Jrnl. 22 Oct. 260/1 Another relates to architectural details and practical construction, including drawing in practical geometry, ichnography, skiography, and isometrical perspective.

1975 Jrnl. Warburg & Courtauld Inst. 38 261 Lomazzo divides perspective into three ‘species’: optics, which corresponds to the perspectiva naturalis of the Middle Ages, sciagraphy (sciografica), which corresponds to the perspectiva artificialis of the Renaissance, and the study of reflections (specularia).

2002 N. Baker & K. Steemers Daylight Design of Buildings i. 10 This heritage of light and shade, chiaroscuro.., is embodied in the graphical technique of sciagraphy.

†b. The art of painting scenery, murals, etc., in perspective; = scenography n. 2. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > perspective > [noun]

prospective1533

perspective1563

slantinga1618

scene painting1706

scenography1738

skiagraphy1850

1850 J. Leitch tr. K. O. Müller Ancient Art (new ed.) §324. 380 This..gave rise to a separate branch of perspective painting, scenography or sciagraphy [Ger. Skiagraphie], in which..more careful and delicate design was sacrificed to the attainment of illusive effects for distant beholders unskilled in art.

†5. A drawing or painting which uses shading and the projection of shadows to show perspective. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > light and shade > [noun] > picture

skiagraphy1611

1611 T. Coryate Crudities facing sig. Nn8^v (caption) A Sciographie or Modell of that stupendious vessell which is at this day shewed in the Palace..in..Heidelberg.

1648 R. Herrick Hesperides sig. L8^v How am I ravisht! When I do but see, The Painters art in thy Sciography?

6. Architecture. A representation of a building in cross-section. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > [noun] > plans of buildings or structures

ground-plot1563

model1570

ichnography1598

skiagraphy1636

plane1639

skiagraph1648

plain1659

plan1664

planography?1668

scheme1703

ground plan1731

working plan1767

working drawing1785

detail1819

floor-plan1867

Z-plan1887

block plan1909

master plan1914

1636 Ramus's Via Regia ad Geometriam Pref. sig. A5^v The Sciagraphy of the Temple set out by Ezechiel, Who may understand, but he that is skilfull in these Arts?

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Sciography,..in Architecture,..is sometimes taken for the Draught of a Building cut in its Length or Breadth, to show the Inside of it; as also the Thickness of the Walls, Vaults, &c.

1826 J. Elmes Gen. Dict. Fine Arts at Profile The profile is likewise called the section, sometimes the orthographical section, and by Vitruvius the sciagraphy.

1898 A. A. Caruana Anc. Pagan Tombs Malta 89 A sciagraphy of the side dexter of the entrance, and of the galleries in front.

1904 A. C. Passmore Handbk. Techn. Terms Archit. & Building 307/2 Sciagraphy, the profile or vertical section of a building exhibiting its interior.

†7. The art or practice of finding the time of day by observing the shadow of the sun or moon; the practice of making or using a sundial; = dialling n. 1a. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > instruments for measuring time > [noun] > sundial > art of making or using

dialling1570

sciathericsa1646

skiagraphy1651

1635 J. W[ells] (title) Sciographia, or the art of shadowes.]

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan 40 Table, Consequences from the Light of the Starres. Out of this, and the Motion of the Sunne is made the Science of Sciography.

1679 J. Moxon Math. made Easie 136 Sciography..is the Art of Shadows, comprehending Dialling, and part of Astronomy, as far as serves for finding out the hour of the Day or Night, or other Question, by the Shadow of the Sun, Moon, or Stars.

1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Sciagraphy,..the Art of Dialling.

III. Senses relating to X-rays.

8. Medicine. The use of X-rays as a diagnostic tool; = radiography n.² 1. Now chiefly U.S.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > [noun] > diagnosis > specific methods of diagnosis

uromancy1569

uroscopy1646

waterology1654

analogism1663

succussion1747

mensuration1827

urinoscopy1836

urinalysis1867

uranalysis1889

skiagraphy1896

scatology1897

cytodiagnosis1900

cytology1902

radiodiagnosis1904

radiodiagnostics1904

urinomancy1904

iridology1916

iridiagnosis1918

iris diagnosis1921

xenodiagnosis1947

ultrasonography1960

telediagnosis1961

immunodiagnostics1970

society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > [noun] > by means of a computer > study or process of X-ray, etc.

thermography1840

phosphorography1886

radiography1896

scotography1896

shadow-photography1896

radiophotography1897

roentgenography1899

typoradiography1899

radiology1900

microradiography1913

Laue1915

powder photography1924

stereofluoroscopy1928

cineradiography1934

cinefluorography1936

autoradiography1941

radioautography1941

xeroradiography1950

skiagraphy1957

stereoradiography1965

1896 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 7 Mar. 620/2 (heading) Sciagraphy as an aid to the diagnosis of epiphysial lesions of childhood.

1896 Appleton's Pop. Sci. Sept. 597 Rontgen's triumphs in ‘skiography’.

1898 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. V. 768 Skiagraphy has been employed for the diagnosis of pericardial effusion.

1917 Lancet 29 Sept. 496/1 Stereoscopic skiagraphy showed a foreign body, hardly as large as the little finger-nail, just to the left of the mid-line.

1957 New Scientist 18 Apr. 39/1 Would any harm..result from the regular skiagraphy of a cigarette smoker's chest?

2011 H. Roy Short Textbk. Surg. 359/2 Avascular necrosis... Diagnosis is usually obvious by skiagraphy after about three months of injury.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	skiagraphy
释义	skiagraphyn. Brit. /skʌɪˈaɡrəfi/, U.S. /skaɪˈæɡrəfi/ Forms: α. 1500s skiographie, 1500s–1600s sciographie, 1500s–1800s sciography. β. 1600s– sciagraphy Brit. /sʌɪˈaɡrəfi/, U.S. /saɪˈæɡrəfi/, 1800s– skiagraphy. Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Probably partly a borrowing from French. Probably partly a borrowing from Latin. Probably partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: French sciographie; Latin sciographia; Greek σκιαγραϕία. Etymology: Probably partly (i) < Middle French, French sciographie, sciagraphie representation of a building in cross-section (1545; 1800 in sense ‘art of finding the time of day by observing the shadow of the sun or moon’, 1842 in sense ‘art of painting shadows’), partly (ii) < its etymon post-classical Latin sciographia (1495 or earlier), sciagraphia (1542 or earlier), and partly (iii) < that word's etymon ancient Greek σκιαγραϕία painting using shadows, so as to produce an illusion of solidity at a distance < Hellenistic Greek σκιαγράϕος , σκιογράϕος (although this is apparently first attested later: see skiagrapher n.) + -ία -y suffix³. I. Senses relating to outline. 1. An outline, a draft; a rough sketch. Chiefly figurative. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > drawing > [noun] > a drawing > rough or preliminary skiagraphy1594 model1613 shadow1656 sketch1668 cartoona1684 schizzo1686 ébauche1722 scratch1752 croquis1805 galloping sketch1834 pochade1846 abbozzo1849 scribbling1863 thumbnail sketch1900 under-drawing1934 bozzetto1935 pensiero1959 1594 G. Gifford Treat. True Fortitude Ep. sig. A2^v This Image which in rude maner I haue drawne, deserueth not to be accounted so much as the lineaments, and skiographie of Fortitude, so farre it is aboue my reach to handle the matter as it is worthy. 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 587 Plato..forbad expresly to call or once to esteeme the deliverance of paine and sorrow, either pleasure or joy, but to take them as it were for the rude Sciographie or first draught of a painter [Fr. le premier esbauchement des gros traicts d'vne painture, Gk. σκιαγραϕίαν]. 1682 Weekly Memorials for Ingenious (Faithorne & Kersey) 23 Jan. 22 Hereto is added Dr. Slades Sciagraphy of the Nutrition of Animals. 1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica i. ix. 32 Nature being nothing else but a Sciagraphy of Divinity. 1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Sciagraphy, the first Rude Draught of a Thing. 1776 W. Graham Gospel of Christ 12 Even the Prophets in the latter ages of that Church, enjoyed no more than the promise,—a sciagraphy, a draught or profile of Wisdom's astonishing design. 2007 B. Matthews tr. F. W. J. Schelling Grounding Positive Philos. 104 The most fruitful method of taking notes would be if one..were to record only the essential points..and then according to this summary—this skiagraphy—would then attempt to work out and produce the entire lecture itself again. †2. In the terminology of W. E. Gladstone: the fictional aspects of Homer's geography, as opposed to those corresponding to reality. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1858 W. E. Gladstone Stud. Homer I. 235 The fundamental distinction between his [sc. Homer's] Inner and Outer, his practical and poetical geography. In order to mark that distinction more forcibly, I would..even call..the latter his territorial skiagraphy. 1858 W. E. Gladstone Stud. Homer III. 343 There is a great mass of fabulous and imaginative skiagraphy. 3. The art of drawing outlines or silhouettes. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > painting according to medium or technique > [noun] > silhouetting or shadow-painting skiagraphy1859 silhouetting1888 1859 T. J. Gullick & J. Timbs Painting 37 Painting is said to have passed through several stages in Greece, commencing with simple skiagraphy or shadow-painting: by which is meant giving the exterior outline, or shape of the shadow of an object, without any intermediate lines. 1913 Amer. Homes & Gardens June 221/1 The earliest artists in monochrome practiced shadowgraphy—or ‘skiagraphy’, as they called it. 2007 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 31 Jan. (Metro section) 16 Skiagraphy involves tracing the shadow of a person's profile, thus accurately and almost mechanically transcribing the lumps and bumps of the face. II. Senses relating to shadow and perspective. 4. a. The branch of perspective drawing which deals with the projection of shadows; the perspective depiction of an object in elevation with gradations of light and shade. Cf. scenography n. 1.In quot. 1639 used with punning reference to the word's etymology. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > light and shade > [noun] skiagraphy1598 chiaroscuro1686 repose1695 claro obscuro1706 clair-obscure1717 clear-obscure1777 lighting effect1867 tone-work1894 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > [noun] > science of > dealing with shadows skiagraphy1598 1598 R. Haydocke tr. G. P. Lomazzo Tracte Artes Paintinge iv. xxii. 173 Sciographie [It. La scienza sciografica] is..the second part of Perspective; considering the self same reasons of the shaddowes of bodies, which Delineation or drawing doth. 1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre iii. ii. 111 Let those who are delighted with Sciographie, paint out (if they please) these shadow-Patriarchs. 1664 J. Evelyn Acct. Archit. in tr. R. Fréart Parallel Antient Archit. 122 Scenography, or (as some) Sciagraphy, which is the same object elevated upon the same draught and center in all its optical flexures, diminutions and shadows, together with a fore-shortning of a third side, so as the whole Solid of the Edifice becomes visible in Perspective. 1789 P. Smyth tr. H. Aldrich Elements Civil Archit. i. i. i. 2 Let the Architect first make a draught on paper of the intended work: 1. the Ichnography..; 2. Orthography..; 3. Sciagraphy, or Scenography, which exhibits the front and the sides retiring in a perspective view. 1822 J. Gwilt (title) Sciography; or examples of shadows, and rules for their projection. 1853 Chambers's Edinb. Jrnl. 22 Oct. 260/1 Another relates to architectural details and practical construction, including drawing in practical geometry, ichnography, skiography, and isometrical perspective. 1975 Jrnl. Warburg & Courtauld Inst. 38 261 Lomazzo divides perspective into three ‘species’: optics, which corresponds to the perspectiva naturalis of the Middle Ages, sciagraphy (sciografica), which corresponds to the perspectiva artificialis of the Renaissance, and the study of reflections (specularia). 2002 N. Baker & K. Steemers Daylight Design of Buildings i. 10 This heritage of light and shade, chiaroscuro.., is embodied in the graphical technique of sciagraphy. †b. The art of painting scenery, murals, etc., in perspective; = scenography n. 2. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > perspective > [noun] prospective1533 perspective1563 slantinga1618 scene painting1706 scenography1738 skiagraphy1850 1850 J. Leitch tr. K. O. Müller Ancient Art (new ed.) §324. 380 This..gave rise to a separate branch of perspective painting, scenography or sciagraphy [Ger. Skiagraphie], in which..more careful and delicate design was sacrificed to the attainment of illusive effects for distant beholders unskilled in art. †5. A drawing or painting which uses shading and the projection of shadows to show perspective. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > light and shade > [noun] > picture skiagraphy1611 1611 T. Coryate Crudities facing sig. Nn8^v (caption) A Sciographie or Modell of that stupendious vessell which is at this day shewed in the Palace..in..Heidelberg. 1648 R. Herrick Hesperides sig. L8^v How am I ravisht! When I do but see, The Painters art in thy Sciography? 6. Architecture. A representation of a building in cross-section. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > [noun] > plans of buildings or structures ground-plot1563 model1570 ichnography1598 skiagraphy1636 plane1639 skiagraph1648 plain1659 plan1664 planography?1668 scheme1703 ground plan1731 working plan1767 working drawing1785 detail1819 floor-plan1867 Z-plan1887 block plan1909 master plan1914 1636 Ramus's Via Regia ad Geometriam Pref. sig. A5^v The Sciagraphy of the Temple set out by Ezechiel, Who may understand, but he that is skilfull in these Arts? 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Sciography,..in Architecture,..is sometimes taken for the Draught of a Building cut in its Length or Breadth, to show the Inside of it; as also the Thickness of the Walls, Vaults, &c. 1826 J. Elmes Gen. Dict. Fine Arts at Profile The profile is likewise called the section, sometimes the orthographical section, and by Vitruvius the sciagraphy. 1898 A. A. Caruana Anc. Pagan Tombs Malta 89 A sciagraphy of the side dexter of the entrance, and of the galleries in front. 1904 A. C. Passmore Handbk. Techn. Terms Archit. & Building 307/2 Sciagraphy, the profile or vertical section of a building exhibiting its interior. †7. The art or practice of finding the time of day by observing the shadow of the sun or moon; the practice of making or using a sundial; = dialling n. 1a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > instruments for measuring time > [noun] > sundial > art of making or using dialling1570 sciathericsa1646 skiagraphy1651 1635 J. W[ells] (title) Sciographia, or the art of shadowes.] 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan 40 Table, Consequences from the Light of the Starres. Out of this, and the Motion of the Sunne is made the Science of Sciography. 1679 J. Moxon Math. made Easie 136 Sciography..is the Art of Shadows, comprehending Dialling, and part of Astronomy, as far as serves for finding out the hour of the Day or Night, or other Question, by the Shadow of the Sun, Moon, or Stars. 1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Sciagraphy,..the Art of Dialling. III. Senses relating to X-rays. 8. Medicine. The use of X-rays as a diagnostic tool; = radiography n.² 1. Now chiefly U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > [noun] > diagnosis > specific methods of diagnosis uromancy1569 uroscopy1646 waterology1654 analogism1663 succussion1747 mensuration1827 urinoscopy1836 urinalysis1867 uranalysis1889 skiagraphy1896 scatology1897 cytodiagnosis1900 cytology1902 radiodiagnosis1904 radiodiagnostics1904 urinomancy1904 iridology1916 iridiagnosis1918 iris diagnosis1921 xenodiagnosis1947 ultrasonography1960 telediagnosis1961 immunodiagnostics1970 society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > [noun] > by means of a computer > study or process of X-ray, etc. thermography1840 phosphorography1886 radiography1896 scotography1896 shadow-photography1896 radiophotography1897 roentgenography1899 typoradiography1899 radiology1900 microradiography1913 Laue1915 powder photography1924 stereofluoroscopy1928 cineradiography1934 cinefluorography1936 autoradiography1941 radioautography1941 xeroradiography1950 skiagraphy1957 stereoradiography1965 1896 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 7 Mar. 620/2 (heading) Sciagraphy as an aid to the diagnosis of epiphysial lesions of childhood. 1896 Appleton's Pop. Sci. Sept. 597 Rontgen's triumphs in ‘skiography’. 1898 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. V. 768 Skiagraphy has been employed for the diagnosis of pericardial effusion. 1917 Lancet 29 Sept. 496/1 Stereoscopic skiagraphy showed a foreign body, hardly as large as the little finger-nail, just to the left of the mid-line. 1957 New Scientist 18 Apr. 39/1 Would any harm..result from the regular skiagraphy of a cigarette smoker's chest? 2011 H. Roy Short Textbk. Surg. 359/2 Avascular necrosis... Diagnosis is usually obvious by skiagraphy after about three months of injury. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1594
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