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单词 sitka
释义

Sitkaadj.n.

Brit. /ˈsɪtkə/, U.S. /ˈsɪtkə/
Forms: 1800s Sheetka (in sense B. 1, rare), 1800s Shitka (in sense B. 1, rare), 1800s Sitca, 1800s– Sitka.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Tlingit. Partly from a proper name. Etymons: Tlingit Sheet'ká, proper name Sitka.
Etymology: Partly (i) < Tlingit Sheet'ká, shortening of Shee At'iká (in Shee At'iká Ḵwáan, self-designation, lit. ‘people from the outer edge of Shee, i.e. Baranof Island’), apparently via Russian (see note), and partly (in uses with reference to trees) (ii) < the name of Sitka (1814 as Sitca in a translation from Russian; formerly also sometimes Sheetka, Shitka), a town on Baranof Island (part of the Alaska Panhandle), named after these people.Compare Russian Sitka (1812 or earlier), former name of Baranof Island (under Russian administration, the town itself was named Novo-Arxangel′sk). This is not attested in Russian as a noun denoting the people, but the form of the English word (with initial si-) suggests that Russian played a part in the transmission.
A. adj.
Designating (a member of) a tribe of the Tlingit whose former territory was on the western side of Baranof and Chichagof islands in the Alaska Panhandle (including the site of the city of Sitka, which was named after them); of or relating to these people or their language. Cf. Sitkan adj. 1. Now chiefly historical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > peoples of British Columbia, Alberta, and Alaska > [adjective]
Dogrib1766
Nootka1784
Nootkan1790
Dog-ribbed1791
beaver1801
Okanagan1814
Carrier1820
Sitka1822
Nanaimo1827
Loucheux1828
Nass1830
Tsimshian1836
Sitkan1851
Makah1855
Snohomish1856
Wakash1856
Songhees1860
Stoney1861
Nisga'a1874
Tlingit1881
Nimpkish1886
Wakashan1892
Musqueam1902
Gitksan1917
Squamish1928
'Namgis1966
Nuu-chah-nulth1978
Nuxalk1981
the mind > language > languages of the world > North American > [adjective] > of or relating to Tlingit
Sitka1822
Sitkan1851
1822 N. Amer. Rev. Oct. 395 The intolerable tyranny, exercised by the Russians, over the Sitka Indians, in seizing their chiefs, and loading them with irons.
1830 J. S. Green Jrnl. Tour North West Coast Amer. (1915) 61 Here we found the Tum-Garse Indians, a small tribe who also speak the Sitka language, and reside in this neighborhood.
1890 Ann. Rep. Board of Regents Smithsonian Inst. 1888 296 The Yakutat and Sitka canoes were never as large as those of the Haida.
1908 Amer. Anthropologist 10 645 Unquestionably the Huna and Sitka tribes shared in the barter with the Yakutat.
1982 Arctic Anthropol. 19 51/1 The tunic and moccasin-trousers had been..purchased by a chief of the Sitka Tlingit in 1900.
2009 Amer. Ethnol. 36 183/2 Thornton describes the fascinating use of place names in the Sitka story of the ‘Salmon Boy’.
B. n.
1.
a. The Tlingit language spoken by the Sitka tribe. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > languages of the world > North American > [noun] > Na-Dene > Tlingit
Sitka1830
Sitkan1848
Tlingit1908
1830 J. S. Green in Missionary Herald (Boston) Nov. 344/1 The Sitka I think is peculiarly soft and musical.
1964 tr. P. Tikhmenev in Internat. Jrnl. Amer. Linguistics 30 128/1 The Tlingit language can be divided into three dialects: Sitka, Yakutat, and Haida.
b. (A member of) a tribe of the Tlingit whose former territory was on the western side of Baranof and Chichagof islands in the Alaska Panhandle (including the site of the city of Sitka, which was named after them). Cf. Sitkan n. 1. Now chiefly historical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > peoples of British Columbia, Alberta, and Alaska > [noun]
Slave1789
beaver1801
Carrier1801
Musqueam1808
Nootkian1811
Okanagan1814
Takulli1820
Dogrib1823
Nanaimo1827
Loucheux1828
Bella Coola1834
Nootkan1835
Chilkat1836
Nootka1846
Squamish1846
Siwash1847
Kwakiutl1848
Nitinaht1848
Sitkan1848
Sitka1853
Makah1855
Stick Indian1857
Songhees1860
Stoney1861
Mattole1864
Tlingit1865
Nisga'a1874
Hoochinoo1878
Nimpkish1885
Tsimshian1888
Gitksan1889
Nuxalk1910
Snohomish1910
Nuu-chah-nulth1983
Ditidaht1988
'Namgis1994
1853 Weekly Herald (N.Y.) 8 Jan. Forty six Stacken Indians massacred by the Sitkas at Sitka.
1879 W. G. Morris Public Service of Alaska 14 In the fall of 1877, a potlatch was given at Sitka by Jack, chief of the Sitkas, and it is estimated correctly he gave away on that occasion 500 blankets.
1910 F. W. Hodge Handbk. Amer. Indians II. 582/2 Sitka,..a Tlingit tribe..on the w. coast of Baranof id., Alaska.
1946 W. R. Goldschmidt & T. H. Haas Haa Aaní (1998) viii. 61/1 Of all the Tlingit people, the Sitkas have probably had the longest contact with European civilization.
2005 R. L. Bland & K. G. Solovjova tr. A. V. Grinev Tlingit Indians in Russ. Amer. 124 He..speaks of the murder of several Indians who were not Sitkas but rather the family of the chief of the Kuiu kwáan.
2. Short for Sitka spruce n. at Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [adjective] > of or relating to other conifers
spruce pine1731
cycadaceous1837
cycadeous1847
zamioid1860
araucarian1863
podocarpous1882
Sitka1883
podocarpaceous1932
1883 Newark (Ohio) Daily Advocate 21 Sept. The close forests of yellow cedar, Sitka and Douglass spruce..have never been devastated by fires.
1921 Q. Jrnl. Forestry 15 15 A part of the ground was planted with Sitka grown in Lazonby Nursery (Permian sandstone).
1928 Daily Mail 9 Aug. 13/4 The Duchy estates on Dartmoor, where it is hoped to plant 5,000 acres with sitka, Norway spruce, and Douglas fir.
1965 G. Maxwell House of Elrig vi. 98 The needles of unthinned sitka.
2009 J. Miller Foresters ii. 67 The shedding of the needles in the autumn..reveals plainly where this tree [sc. the larch] has been planted on a hillside, often in strips between and around blocks of Sitka or other conifers which, of course, remain dark green all year round.

Compounds

C1. General attributive use denoting plants and animals native to the region of Sitka, Alaska.
ΚΠ
1899 Field Columbian Mus. Ann. Rep. 1898–9 385 Department of Zoology... Collected by D. G. Elliot, Field Columbian Museum..1 Sitka deer (female), 1 Sitka deer (fawn).
1969 W. B. Bollen et al. Infl. Sitka Alder on Landslide Mt. Rainier (U.S.D.A. Forest Service Res. Note PNW-103) 1 Corresponding values for the moraine soil indicated appreciable organic matter from the Sitka alder and its associated mosses and lichens.
1972 A. S. Harris Nat. Reforestation Afognak Island (U.S.D.A. Forest Service Res. Note PNW-176) 9/1 Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) were introduced to Kodiak Island in 1924 and have spread to Afognak Island.
2007 L. A. Viereck & E. L. Little Alaska Trees & Shrubs (ed. 2) 175 Sitka alder is a spreading shrub, common to abundant, with many stems, forming thickets in marshes, along streams, on landslides, and in clearings.
C2.
Sitka cedar n. the Nootka cypress, Callitropis nootkatensis; the wood of this tree.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [noun] > Lawson's cypress
yellow cedar1840
Oregon cedar1855
Lawson cypress1858
Nootka cypress1860
Sitka cedar1875
swamp-cypress1876
Sitka cypress1884
lawsoniana1959
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > non-British timber trees > [noun] > North American
arrowwood1578
white pine1682
wicopy1704
American olive1772
pumpkin pine1809
mountain mahogany1810
redwood1819
western yellow pine1857
western hemlock1867
western red cedar1874
Sitka cedar1875
ponderosa1878
walking stick1910
1875 Rep. Superintendent U.S. Coast Surv. 1872 App. 192 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (42nd Congr., 3rd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 240) XII Among the miscellaneous drift-stuff which accumulates in those bays..are found..also, the Sitka cedar (C[upressus] Nutkatensis).
1947 Alaska Life Mar. 25/1 The school has its own sawmill and the work is mostly with Sitka cedar, which in its natural state makes a beautiful blond type of furniture or finishing wood.
2016 J. London Bella Bella (Electronic ed.) vi. It was dense with dark spruce and Sitka cedar scented the air.
Sitka cypress n. the Nootka cypress, Calitropis nootkatensis; the wood of this tree.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [noun] > Lawson's cypress
yellow cedar1840
Oregon cedar1855
Lawson cypress1858
Nootka cypress1860
Sitka cedar1875
swamp-cypress1876
Sitka cypress1884
lawsoniana1959
1884 C. S. Sargent Rep. Forests N. Amer. 178 Chamæcyparis Nutkaensis... Yellow Cypress. Sitka Cypress.
1912 Bull. Misc. Information (Royal Bot. Gardens, Kew) No. 2 80 A number of common names are applied to the tree in addition to that of Yellow Cypress; some of them are Alaska Cedar, Yellow Cedar, and Sitka Cypress.
1984 H. Stewart Cedar (1995) ii. 25/1 Yellow Cedar... Most Canadians refer to the tree as a cedar, but some Americans call it a cypress, which is why its popular names include these variations: yellow cedar, yellow cypress, Sitka cedar, Sitka cypress.
Sitka pine n. the Sitka spruce, Picea sitchensis; the wood of this tree.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [noun] > spruces
spruce?1602
Norway fir1666
spruce fir1676
hemlock tree1679
hemlock1728
spruce pine1731
white spruce1731
black spruce1741
red spruce1741
Norway spruce1766
silver fir1789
var1793
Engelmann1866
Sitka spruce1867
Sitka pine1868
skunk spruce1876
Colorado spruce1881
Yeddo spruce1932
1868 Russ. Amer.: Message President 214 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (40th Congr., 2nd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. No. 177) XIII Here also we found the Sitka spruce, or pine, as it is erroneously called (Abies Sitkensis).
1884 N.Y. Times 5 Oct. 5/2 The white spruce, or Sitka pine..grows to a height of 150 and 175 feet.
1948 Antioch Rev. Winter 48 This would be the first step toward cutting off the magnificent Douglas fir and Sitka pine from 300,000 acres.
2009 D. Helvarg Rescue Warriors vii. 155 The boathouse is at the end of a steeply wooded peninsula of fern, Sitka pine, and Douglas firs.
Sitka spruce n. a large fast-growing conifer, Picea sitchensis (family Pinaceae), native to the coastal forest of north-western North America; (also) the light softwood timber of this tree.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [noun] > spruces
spruce?1602
Norway fir1666
spruce fir1676
hemlock tree1679
hemlock1728
spruce pine1731
white spruce1731
black spruce1741
red spruce1741
Norway spruce1766
silver fir1789
var1793
Engelmann1866
Sitka spruce1867
Sitka pine1868
skunk spruce1876
Colorado spruce1881
Yeddo spruce1932
1867 J. Disturnell Infl. Climate N. & S. Amer. 103 On the North Pacific coast,..is found Sitka spruce, broad-leaved maple, Oregon crab-apple, Oregon alder, western hemlock,..and other species.
1895 F. Funston & F. V. Coville in Contrib. U.S. National Herbarium III. 328 The great bulk of this forest is composed of Sitka spruce.
1975 W. Condry Pathway to Wild ix. 151 If that other western American, the Sitka spruce, now planted so multitudinously in Britain, were also going to be given the chance of making forests of giant trees..then conservationists might be less unhappy with it.
1977 Chicago Tribune 2 Oct. 1. 39/2 (advt.) This fine piano was made specially for us. Its quality features include..solid Sitka spruce soundboard.
2007 Scots Mag. Mar. 330/1 Sitka Spruce provides..the principal raw material for wood-based panel plants in the UK.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.n.1822
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