situationaladj.

Brit.

/ˌsɪtjʊˈeɪʃn̩(ə)l/,

/ˌsɪtjʊˈeɪʃən(ə)l/,

/ˌsɪtʃʊˈeɪʃn̩(ə)l/,

/ˌsɪtʃʊˈeɪʃən(ə)l/, U.S.

/ˌsɪtʃəˈweɪʃ(ə)nəl/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: situation n., -al suffix¹.

Etymology: < situation n. + -al suffix¹.In quot. 1867 at sense 1, which is taken from an English abstract of the curriculum of the Imperial Polytechnic in Vienna, probably after German situationell (1851 or earlier). With sense 2 compare later situationism n. 1.

1. Of, relating to, or determined by a situation or situations (in various senses of situation n.); dependent on or determined by circumstances.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > circumstance or circumstances > [adjective]

circumstant1583

circumstanceda1616

circumstantiala1616

circumstantionable1647

circumstantive1866

situational1867

situationist1926

1867 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 20 Sept. 677/2 Situational drawing (Situational Zeichnen [sic]), 6 hours.

1877 Dundee Courier & Argus 10 Apr. 4/5 The serious structural and situational defects of the Asylum.

1903 Academy 27 June 632/1 His very language and dialogue start into dramatic life—albeit a rhetorical life, as situational drama (if we may coin the term) always is rhetorical.

1938 Monogr. Soc. Res. Child Devel. 3 57 The description, frequency, severity, and situational context of problem behaviour.

1959 J. L. M. Trim in R. Quirk et al. Teaching of Eng. iii. 87 Nouns, principal verbs, adjectives and adverbs are indefinite in number and therefore subject to primarily situational constraints.

1979 H. M. Leichter Compar. Approach Policy Anal. iv. 87 We have seen that situational factors—international tension, war, and internal conflict—have an important impact on military spending.

2005 Miami Herald (Nexis) 17 Oct. g21 Though patterns occur, most behavior is situational and not predestined.

2. Philosophy and Social Sciences. Of, relating to, or based on situationism (situationism n. 1).

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > study of society > [adjective] > theories or methods of analysis

functional1884

Webbite1890

neo-critical1894

structural-functional1898

Tolstoyan1898

functionalist1907

Webbian1913

Paretian1916

situational1916

Paretan1932

verstehende1933

reflexive1934

same-level1934

sociographic1934

idealistic1937

ideational1937

Parsonian1945

social Darwinist1945

culturalist1948

structural1948

contextualized1951

metasociological1953

structural functionalist1953

meta-sociologistic1964

Lévi-Straussian1967

postcolonial1970

decontextualized1971

cliometric1974

postcolonialist1981

intersectional1989

1916 Internat. Jrnl. Ethics 26 277 In contrast with such a naive syllogistic procedure is the logic underlying the opinion of the liberal judges. For want of better terms I shall call this the functional, genetic, evolutionary, or situational logic.

1930 Jrnl. Philos. 27 411 In contrast with the older method of regulating specific inquiries by wholesale metaphysical or epistemological principles we have something approaching a methodology of ‘situational analysis’.

1989 M. J. MacKinnon Symbolic Interactionism as Affect Control (1994) 27 As implied by a situational theory of action, the choice of behavior..is constrained by logical and causal thinking about previous events in a sequence of interaction.

2010 Polit. Psychol. 31 243 The majority of intergroup and group processes research has focused on a situational approach.

Compounds

situational awareness n. understanding or awareness of a situation; (now) esp. awareness of what is happening around oneself, esp. with regard to the identification and evaluation of potential hazards or danger, established through close observation of the surrounding environment and events.

ΚΠ

1945 PMLA 60 926 The objection that Erec does not know what Enide is doing while he sleeps, must..be discarded as not doing justice to the sense of unconscious situational awareness which must be reckoned with in this kind of poetry.

1992 J. Peters & J. Nichol Tornado Down (1993) vii. 56 For my situational awareness, I had to rely on John Nichol, gazing into his radarscope behind me.

2017 J. Wetherbee Controlling Risk in Dangerous World iv. 83 One of the keys to staying alive in hazardous operations is perfecting the ability to maintain situational awareness.

situational ethics n. Philosophy a theory or doctrine asserting that ethical judgement should take into account circumstances and social context rather than follow absolute moral laws or standards; = situation ethics n. at situation n. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > moral philosophy > [noun] > situationism

situational ethics1946

situationism1964

1946 R. S. Hartman Can Field Theory be applied to Ethics? (Ph.D. diss., Northwestern Univ.) ii. i. 76 [Nicolai] Hartmann's situational ethics can be regarded as a differentiation of Bergson's societal and cosmic ethics.

1969 Observer 21 Dec. (Colour Suppl.) 38/3 As for sin—situational ethics could take care of that.

2004 Afr. Amer. Rev. 38 491/2 Spenser is guided by the situational ethics of many fictional sleuths.

situational morality n. moral judgement based on, or taking into account, circumstances and social context; cf. situation morality n. at situation n. Compounds.

ΚΠ

1951 R. B. Textor Failure in Japan 241 Dr. Kluckhohn used the term, ‘situational morality’, to describe Japanese behavior during and just after the hostilities.

1978 J. M. Gustafson Protestant & Roman Catholic Ethics ii. 48 Rahner's criticisms warned against the radical extension of situational morality.

2009 Jrnl. Relig. in Afr. 39 288 The pastor used situational morality to avoid damaging his legitimacy as a Christian leader.

Derivatives

situˈationalism n. Philosophy and Social Sciences any theory or doctrine asserting the importance of circumstances and social context in determining human behaviour or morality; = situationism n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > moral philosophy > [noun] > situationism > adherence to

situationism1929

situationalism1942

1942 Amer. Pref. 7 311 The question of ‘situationalism’, as it actually arises, is this: whether we may call false what we once called true of a situation, simply because now we are in it.

1971 N. H. G. Robinson Groundwk. Christian Ethics ix. 242 Nor indeed may we expect any other outcome, unless..the logical successor to Bonhoeffer is to be found either in secularization or in situationalism.

2004 Times Lit. Suppl. 10 Dec. 11/3 ‘Situationalism’ holds that the major determinant of a person's actions is construction and internal representation of the meaning of the situation.

situˈationalist adj. Philosophy and Social Sciences of, relating to, or advocating situationalism; cf. situationist adj. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > moral philosophy > [adjective] > of other theories, etc.

Shaftesburian1752

non-inductive1844

inductive1861

imperativist1921

Weberian1925

factualist1933

situationalist1942

prescriptive1946

cognitivist1952

prescriptivist1954

1942 E. Pendell Society under Anal. xx. 558 The Situationalist Group. Enrico Ferri, almost at the time of the birth of scientific criminology, recognized the importance of environmental factors.

1964 Jrnl. Politics 26 907 Finally there is the factualist or situationalist approach to social and politically theory.

1970 W. K. Frankena in K. Pahel & M. Schiller Readings in Contemp. Ethical Theory 542 Views variously referred to as antinomian,..existentialist, situationalist, or contextualist.

situˈationally adv. with regards to situation; in a situational manner.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > position or situation > [adverb]

positionally1649

situationally1920

1920 Wisconsin Congregational Church Life June 20 Its aim is to put the vital plusage of all that may be contained in the great word Christian into an academy, standardized, situationally adaptable.

1964 R. H. Robins Gen. Linguistics 191 A sentence is by definition grammatically complete (the alleged ‘incomplete’ or ‘elliptical’ situationally tied sentences are complete in those situations).

1977 J. D. Douglas in J. D. Douglas & J. M. Johnson Existential Sociol. i. 60 There are other reasons why we see experience as necessarily problematic, as necessarily free and situationally contingent.

2004 J. W. Messerschmidt Flesh & Blood iii. 37 The actual accomplishment of masculinity and femininity varies situationally—that is, gender is renegotiated continuously through social interaction.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	situational
释义	situationaladj. Brit. /ˌsɪtjʊˈeɪʃn̩(ə)l/, /ˌsɪtjʊˈeɪʃən(ə)l/, /ˌsɪtʃʊˈeɪʃn̩(ə)l/, /ˌsɪtʃʊˈeɪʃən(ə)l/, U.S. /ˌsɪtʃəˈweɪʃ(ə)nəl/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: situation n., -al suffix¹. Etymology: < situation n. + -al suffix¹.In quot. 1867 at sense 1, which is taken from an English abstract of the curriculum of the Imperial Polytechnic in Vienna, probably after German situationell (1851 or earlier). With sense 2 compare later situationism n. 1. 1. Of, relating to, or determined by a situation or situations (in various senses of situation n.); dependent on or determined by circumstances. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > circumstance or circumstances > [adjective] circumstant1583 circumstanceda1616 circumstantiala1616 circumstantionable1647 circumstantive1866 situational1867 situationist1926 1867 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 20 Sept. 677/2 Situational drawing (Situational Zeichnen [sic]), 6 hours. 1877 Dundee Courier & Argus 10 Apr. 4/5 The serious structural and situational defects of the Asylum. 1903 Academy 27 June 632/1 His very language and dialogue start into dramatic life—albeit a rhetorical life, as situational drama (if we may coin the term) always is rhetorical. 1938 Monogr. Soc. Res. Child Devel. 3 57 The description, frequency, severity, and situational context of problem behaviour. 1959 J. L. M. Trim in R. Quirk et al. Teaching of Eng. iii. 87 Nouns, principal verbs, adjectives and adverbs are indefinite in number and therefore subject to primarily situational constraints. 1979 H. M. Leichter Compar. Approach Policy Anal. iv. 87 We have seen that situational factors—international tension, war, and internal conflict—have an important impact on military spending. 2005 Miami Herald (Nexis) 17 Oct. g21 Though patterns occur, most behavior is situational and not predestined. 2. Philosophy and Social Sciences. Of, relating to, or based on situationism (situationism n. 1). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > study of society > [adjective] > theories or methods of analysis functional1884 Webbite1890 neo-critical1894 structural-functional1898 Tolstoyan1898 functionalist1907 Webbian1913 Paretian1916 situational1916 Paretan1932 verstehende1933 reflexive1934 same-level1934 sociographic1934 idealistic1937 ideational1937 Parsonian1945 social Darwinist1945 culturalist1948 structural1948 contextualized1951 metasociological1953 structural functionalist1953 meta-sociologistic1964 Lévi-Straussian1967 postcolonial1970 decontextualized1971 cliometric1974 postcolonialist1981 intersectional1989 1916 Internat. Jrnl. Ethics 26 277 In contrast with such a naive syllogistic procedure is the logic underlying the opinion of the liberal judges. For want of better terms I shall call this the functional, genetic, evolutionary, or situational logic. 1930 Jrnl. Philos. 27 411 In contrast with the older method of regulating specific inquiries by wholesale metaphysical or epistemological principles we have something approaching a methodology of ‘situational analysis’. 1989 M. J. MacKinnon Symbolic Interactionism as Affect Control (1994) 27 As implied by a situational theory of action, the choice of behavior..is constrained by logical and causal thinking about previous events in a sequence of interaction. 2010 Polit. Psychol. 31 243 The majority of intergroup and group processes research has focused on a situational approach. Compounds situational awareness n. understanding or awareness of a situation; (now) esp. awareness of what is happening around oneself, esp. with regard to the identification and evaluation of potential hazards or danger, established through close observation of the surrounding environment and events. ΚΠ 1945 PMLA 60 926 The objection that Erec does not know what Enide is doing while he sleeps, must..be discarded as not doing justice to the sense of unconscious situational awareness which must be reckoned with in this kind of poetry. 1992 J. Peters & J. Nichol Tornado Down (1993) vii. 56 For my situational awareness, I had to rely on John Nichol, gazing into his radarscope behind me. 2017 J. Wetherbee Controlling Risk in Dangerous World iv. 83 One of the keys to staying alive in hazardous operations is perfecting the ability to maintain situational awareness. situational ethics n. Philosophy a theory or doctrine asserting that ethical judgement should take into account circumstances and social context rather than follow absolute moral laws or standards; = situation ethics n. at situation n. Compounds. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > moral philosophy > [noun] > situationism situational ethics1946 situationism1964 1946 R. S. Hartman Can Field Theory be applied to Ethics? (Ph.D. diss., Northwestern Univ.) ii. i. 76 [Nicolai] Hartmann's situational ethics can be regarded as a differentiation of Bergson's societal and cosmic ethics. 1969 Observer 21 Dec. (Colour Suppl.) 38/3 As for sin—situational ethics could take care of that. 2004 Afr. Amer. Rev. 38 491/2 Spenser is guided by the situational ethics of many fictional sleuths. situational morality n. moral judgement based on, or taking into account, circumstances and social context; cf. situation morality n. at situation n. Compounds. ΚΠ 1951 R. B. Textor Failure in Japan 241 Dr. Kluckhohn used the term, ‘situational morality’, to describe Japanese behavior during and just after the hostilities. 1978 J. M. Gustafson Protestant & Roman Catholic Ethics ii. 48 Rahner's criticisms warned against the radical extension of situational morality. 2009 Jrnl. Relig. in Afr. 39 288 The pastor used situational morality to avoid damaging his legitimacy as a Christian leader. Derivatives situˈationalism n. Philosophy and Social Sciences any theory or doctrine asserting the importance of circumstances and social context in determining human behaviour or morality; = situationism n. 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > moral philosophy > [noun] > situationism > adherence to situationism1929 situationalism1942 1942 Amer. Pref. 7 311 The question of ‘situationalism’, as it actually arises, is this: whether we may call false what we once called true of a situation, simply because now we are in it. 1971 N. H. G. Robinson Groundwk. Christian Ethics ix. 242 Nor indeed may we expect any other outcome, unless..the logical successor to Bonhoeffer is to be found either in secularization or in situationalism. 2004 Times Lit. Suppl. 10 Dec. 11/3 ‘Situationalism’ holds that the major determinant of a person's actions is construction and internal representation of the meaning of the situation. situˈationalist adj. Philosophy and Social Sciences of, relating to, or advocating situationalism; cf. situationist adj. 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > moral philosophy > [adjective] > of other theories, etc. Shaftesburian1752 non-inductive1844 inductive1861 imperativist1921 Weberian1925 factualist1933 situationalist1942 prescriptive1946 cognitivist1952 prescriptivist1954 1942 E. Pendell Society under Anal. xx. 558 The Situationalist Group. Enrico Ferri, almost at the time of the birth of scientific criminology, recognized the importance of environmental factors. 1964 Jrnl. Politics 26 907 Finally there is the factualist or situationalist approach to social and politically theory. 1970 W. K. Frankena in K. Pahel & M. Schiller Readings in Contemp. Ethical Theory 542 Views variously referred to as antinomian,..existentialist, situationalist, or contextualist. situˈationally adv. with regards to situation; in a situational manner. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > position or situation > [adverb] positionally1649 situationally1920 1920 Wisconsin Congregational Church Life June 20 Its aim is to put the vital plusage of all that may be contained in the great word Christian into an academy, standardized, situationally adaptable. 1964 R. H. Robins Gen. Linguistics 191 A sentence is by definition grammatically complete (the alleged ‘incomplete’ or ‘elliptical’ situationally tied sentences are complete in those situations). 1977 J. D. Douglas in J. D. Douglas & J. M. Johnson Existential Sociol. i. 60 There are other reasons why we see experience as necessarily problematic, as necessarily free and situationally contingent. 2004 J. W. Messerschmidt Flesh & Blood iii. 37 The actual accomplishment of masculinity and femininity varies situationally—that is, gender is renegotiated continuously through social interaction. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1867
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