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单词 slave
释义

slaven.adj.

Brit. /sleɪv/, U.S. /sleɪv/
Forms:

α. Middle English 1600s sclave, Middle English–1600s sclaue, late Middle English esclaue, late Middle English esclave, 1500s sklaue, 1500s sklave, 1500s sklaw; Scottish pre-1700 claw (transmission error), pre-1700 sclaf, pre-1700 sclaif, pre-1700 sclaue, pre-1700 sclave, pre-1700 sclawe, pre-1700 sclayff, pre-1700 sklaif, pre-1700 sklaive, pre-1700 sklaiw, pre-1700 sklaue, pre-1700 sklave.

β. Middle English–1600s slaue, Middle English– slave; Scottish pre-1700 slaif, pre-1700 slaiff, pre-1700 slaive, pre-1700 slaue, pre-1700 slaw, pre-1700 slawe, pre-1700 sleave, pre-1700 1700s– slave.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French esclave; Latin sclavus.
Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French esclave (in Old French also as esclas , esclaf , in Middle French also as esclauf ; French esclave ) slave (c1170), person who submits in a servile manner to the authority or direction of another or others (mid 14th cent. or earlier), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin sclavus, sclava slave (9th or 10th cent.; frequently from 12th cent. in British sources, also as esclavus , slavus ), apparently an extended use of Sclavus Slav n. (see note).Parallel forms in other languages. Compare (all ultimately < post-classical Latin sclavus ) Old Occitan esclau (13th cent.), Catalan esclau (13th cent.), Spanish esclavo (c1200), Portuguese escravo (15th cent.), Italian schiavo (13th cent.), and also Middle Dutch slave (Dutch slaaf ), Middle Low German slāve , Middle High German slave , schklafe (German Sklave , †Schlave ), Swedish slav , †eslav , †schlave , †sklaf (17th cent.), Danish slave , †sklave , †esclave (17th cent.), all in the sense ‘slave’. Compare also Arabic ṣaqlab (also ṣiqlābī ) Slav, slave, eunuch (10th cent.; probably < Greek: see below). Further etymology. It is usually assumed that post-classical Latin sclavus ‘slave’ shows an extended use of Sclavus Slav n. (with reference to the status of conquered Slavic peoples in the 9th or 10th cent.; for a similar semantic development, compare Welsh adj. 1b, 3, and see discussion at that entry). However, it is unclear whether the development took place in Latin or Greek (where σκλάβος is attested in sense ‘slave’ only considerably later: 12th cent.), and whether it originated in Central Europe, southern Italy, or the Balkans. An alternative suggestion, deriving post-classical Latin sclavus ‘slave’ from an unattested Byzantine Greek derivative of Hellenistic Greek σκυλάειν (variant of ancient Greek σκυλεύειν ) ‘to despoil a slain enemy’ (subsequently identified by folk etymology with Sclavus Slav n.), poses formal difficulties and is not supported by early evidence in Byzantine Greek or post-classical Latin. Compare a folk-etymological association of the post-classical Latin and Byzantine Greek words for ‘Serbia’ and ‘the Serbs’ with post-classical Latin servus serf n. (see the foreign-language forms and discussion at Serbian n.). Form history. The β. forms show a common simplification of the cluster scl- (compare slander v., slate n.1, slice v.1). A similar development is found in several other Germanic languages (compare the forms cited above). Compare also discussion at Slav n.
A. n.
I. Senses referring to a person.
1. A person who has the (legal) status of being the property of another, has no personal freedom or rights, and is used as forced labour or as an unpaid servant; an enslaved person.For earlier terms in English, see theow n. and thrall n.1 1a.Historically applied to a person enslaved by capture or purchase, or born to an enslaved person; later also applied to a person working in involuntary servitude; cf. modern slavery n.Between the 16th and 19th centuries (and still after this, with historical reference, once the Atlantic slave trade was abolished) frequently specifically denoting enslaved Africans who had been transported to the Americas, or their descendants who had been born into slavery. Cf. slave trade n.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [noun] > slave
theowc893
thrallc950
young manOE
slavec1290
boyc1300
servanta1325
bondc1330
bondmana1340
manciplea1387
man's-bond?a1400
thrillc1480
thrillmanc1480
serf1483
bondservant1535
bondslave1561
bondling1587
slave-boy1607
slave-labourer1607
chattel1649
bondsman1713
livestock1755
esne1819
thirl-man1871
task-labourer1897
α.
c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) l. 10 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 106 He was sone i-nome, Ase A sclaue forth i-lad and i-don In prisone.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ix. v. 114 My fader..Twelf chosin matronis sall ȝou geif all fre, To be ȝour sclavis in captiuite.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xlviii. 161 It is a sclaue, a crysten woman, whom we bought at Damiet.
a1656 Bp. J. Hall Great Myst. Godliness (1659) 12 How many sclaves under the vassalage of an enemie fare better then thou didst from ingratefull man, whom thou camest to save?
β. 1524 R. Copland tr. J. de Bourbon Syege Cyte of Rodes in Begynnynge Ordre Knyghtes Hospytallers sig. Diiiv They wolde not that they were slayne nor made slaues to the enmyes.1563 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 50 As thai war slawes, presoneris, and captiues in a raip.a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 310 Wee'll visit Caliban, my slaue, who neuer Yeelds vs kinde answere. View more context for this quotation1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 167 Of guests he makes them slaves Inhospitably. View more context for this quotation1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 10 Apr. (1965) I. 401 You'l expect I should say something..of the Slaves.1764 O. Goldsmith Traveller 19 The wealth..Pillag'd from slaves, to purchase slaves at home.1809–10 S. T. Coleridge Friend (1865) 73 They were preparing us to give up..the children of free ancestors to become slaves, and the fathers of slaves!1883 Harper's Mag. Aug. 331/1 He..helped a number of fugitive slaves to freedom by the ‘under-ground’ route.1909 E. Hill in E. Hill & O. F. Shafer Great Suffragists 11 The slaves of ancient empires..were not recognised as ‘persons’, but they built the hanging gardens of Babylon.1968 N. Cruz & J. Buckingham Run Baby Run (1993) xv. 205 I..became his slave. I had to do what he wanted..and he wanted me to prostitute for him to bring in the money.1974 Atlanta Jrnl. & Constit. 9 June c5 Census-records, birth records, old plantation lists—anything which could shed light on how slaves lived and worked.2016 Times 17 May 24/2 The man..told appalled doctors that he was a slave, owned by people who forced him to work as a gardener, never paid him and effectively kept him a prisoner in their house.
2.
a. A person who submits in a servile manner to the authority or direction of another or others; a submissive or devoted servant; a person who works very hard without proper remuneration or appreciation.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > humility > servility > [noun] > servile person
clienta1393
snivelard1398
a dog for (also to) the bowc1405
fawnerc1440
snivellerc1450
slave1521
footstool1531
minion1560
footman1567
cringer1582
earthworm1583
yea-sayer1584
croucher1587
creeper1589
sneak-up1598
spaniel1598
sneak-cupa1616
servile1632
puppy dog1651
clientelary1655
lackey1692
groveling1708
prostite1721
prostitute1721
toad-eater1742
groveller1779
cringeling1798
creeping Jesusc1818
toady1826
truckler1827
crawler1847
flunkey1854
doormat1861
dog robber1863
heeler1875
slaveling1884
bootlicker1890
fetch-and-carry1905
poodle1907
yes-woman1927
ass-licker1939
ass-kisser1951
chamcha1966
fart-catcher1971
society > authority > subjection > service > servant > types of servant > [noun] > devoted
vassalc1500
slave1521
society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [noun] > slave > one comparable to slave
slave1774
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to conditions > [noun] > drudge or slave-labourer
slave-labourer1607
fag1770
slave1774
sweatee1889
task-labourer1897
1521 in H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge 3rd balade sig. s.iiii Be nowe beniuolent, whan I shall on the call Vnto thy slaue.
1600 Heroicall Aduentures Knight of Sea 172 Duronda..most villanously abused these two more then angelical creatures; by making them slaues to moyle and toyle, and putting them to all kinde of continuall beastly drudgery.
1685 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) IV. 484 He..is..of nature cruell & a slave of this Court.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth II. 121 The women, therefore, of these countries, are the greatest slaves upon earth.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 163 Oliver, the head of a party, and consequently, to a great extent, the slave of a party.
1920 D. H. Lawrence Women in Love xxii. 327 Hermione would have been his slave—there was in her a horrible desire to prostrate herself before a man.
2013 Times 10 June (Times2 section) 2 All I can do is imagine some poor overworked office slave at GCHQ in Cheltenham pulling his or her hair out, as they go through my conversation, line by line.
b. figurative. A person who or thing which is completely under the control or domination of, or subject to, a specified influence.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > necessity > [noun] > subjugation of the will to something else > one whose will is subjugated
servantc1384
slave1559
vassalc1614
1543 J. Bale Yet Course at Romyshe Foxe f. 94v No where canne there dwell anye peple, but they make them captyue slaues vnto soche Idols.
1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates Cade xxiv Therefore Baldwin warne men folow reason, Subdue theyr wylles, and be not Fortunes slaues.
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. ii. 179 Purpose is but the slaue to memorie. View more context for this quotation
1620 T. Granger Syntagma Logicum 102 He is the slaue of muddy Mammon.
1684 Scanderbeg Redivivus iii. 37 Well knowing that the Tartars are a People that use not to be very much slaves to their words.
1746 P. Francis tr. Horace in P. Francis & W. Dunkin tr. Horace Epistles i. i. 53 The Slave to Envy, Anger, Wine or Love.
1780 Mirror No. 87 The slaves of a weak, a childish, or a gloomy superstition.
1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna vi. xvii. 136 O War! of hate and pain Thou loathed slave.
1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues II. 150 [He] is the slave of his inveterate party prejudices.
1921 Z. Grey Call of Canyon (1924) x. 232 ‘Why do you and I wear open-work silk stockings, skirts to our knees, gowns without sleeves or bodices?’ ‘We're slaves to fashion’, replied Eleanor.
1988 R. Tisserand Aromatherapy for Everyone (1990) iii. 48 Conventional medicine has become in most areas, a slave to the reductionist philosophy.
2006 Financial Times 1 Feb. 15 Where western musicians are slaves to the score, improvisation is vital to the ‘rag’ performance.
c. A person who plays the submissive role in bondage, domination, sadomasochism, or similar sexual activities. Cf. master n.1 2d, mistress n. 2g.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > types of sexual behaviour > [noun] > sadism or masochism > person > with specific role
slave1901
dominatrix1967
dominant1972
submissive1974
dom1987
sub1987
1901 Suburban Souls I. iv. 81 My best beloved master, Do come tomorrow... Try to stay as late as possible if you wish to please your slave and make her very happy.
1921 F. Savage tr. L. von Sacher-Masoch Venus in Furs 73 ‘You have awakened my dearest dream... To be the slave of a woman, a beautiful woman, whom I love, whom I worship.’ ‘And who on that account maltreats you.’
1980 E. White in L. Michaels & C. B. Ricks State of Lang. 244 The way to ask someone to be your slave..is ‘are you into a bottom scene?’
1995 Independent 22 Mar. 23/3 It is hard to imagine him as a stereotypical leather-clad, whip-wielding ‘master’ disciplining his ‘slave’.
3.
a. As a term of contempt: a despicable person; a wretch. Obsolete (archaic in later use).In quot. a1616 in extended use, denoting a thing held in contempt.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > condition of being held in contempt > [noun] > state or quality of being contemptible > contemptible person
wormc825
wretchOE
thingOE
hinderlingc1175
harlot?c1225
mixa1300
villain1303
whelpc1330
wonnera1340
bismera1400
vilec1400
beasta1425
creaturec1450
dog bolt1465
fouling?a1475
drivel1478
shit1508
marmoset1523
mammeta1529
pilgarlica1529
pode1528
slave1537
slim1548
skit-brains?1553
grasshopper1556
scavenger1563
old boss1566
rag1566
shrub1566
ketterela1572
shake-rag1571
skybala1572
mumpsimus1573
smatchetc1582
squib1586
scabship1589
vassal1589
baboon1592
Gibraltar1593
polecat1593
mushroom1594
nodc1595
cittern-head1598
nit1598
stockfish1598
cum-twang1599
dish-wash1599
pettitoe1599
mustard-token1600
viliaco1600
cargo1602
stump1602
snotty-nose1604
sprat1605
wormling1605
brock1607
dogfly?1611
shag-rag1611
shack-rag1612
thrum1612
rabbita1616
fitchock1616
unworthy1616
baseling1618
shag1620
glow-worm1624
snip1633
the son of a worm1633
grousea1637
shab1637
wormship1648
muckworm1649
whiffler1659
prig1679
rotten egg1686
prigster1688
begged fool1693
hang-dog1693
bugger1694
reptile1697
squinny1716
snool1718
ramscallion1734
footer1748
jackass1756
hallion1789
skite1790
rattlesnake1791
snot1809
mudworm1814
skunk1816
stirrah1816
spalpeen1817
nyaff1825
skin1825
weed1825
tiger1827
beggar1834
despicability1837
squirt1844
prawn1845
shake1846
white mouse1846
scurf1851
sweep1853
cockroach1856
bummer1857
medlar1859
cunt1860
shuck1862
missing link1863
schweinhund1871
creepa1876
bum1882
trashbag1886
tinhorn1887
snot-rag1888
rodent1889
whelpling1889
pie eatera1891
mess1891
schmuck1892
fucker1893
cheapskate1894
cocksucker1894
gutter-bird1896
perisher1896
skate1896
schmendrick1897
nyamps1900
ullage1901
fink1903
onion1904
punk1904
shitepoke1905
tinhorn sport1906
streeler1907
zob1911
stink1916
motherfucker1918
Oscar1918
shitass1918
shit-face1923
tripe-hound1923
gimp1924
garbage can1925
twerp1925
jughead1926
mong1926
fuck?1927
arsehole1928
dirty dog1928
gazook1928
muzzler1928
roach1929
shite1929
mook1930
lug1931
slug1931
woodchuck1931
crud1932
dip1932
bohunkus1933
lint-head1933
Nimrod1933
warb1933
fuck-piga1935
owl-hoot1934
pissant1935
poot1935
shmegegge1937
motheree1938
motorcycle1938
squiff1939
pendejo1940
snotnose1941
jerkface1942
slag1943
yuck1943
fuckface?1945
fuckhead?1945
shit-head1945
shite-hawk1948
schlub1950
asswipe1953
mother1955
weenie1956
hard-on1958
rass hole1959
schmucko1959
bitch ass1961
effer1961
lamer1961
arsewipe1962
asshole1962
butthole1962
cock1962
dipshit1963
motherfuck1964
dork1965
bumhole1967
mofo1967
tosspot1967
crudball1968
dipstick1968
douche1968
frickface1968
schlong1968
fuckwit1969
rassclaat1969
ass1970
wank1970
fecker1971
wanker1971
butt-fucker1972
slimeball1972
bloodclaat1973
fuckwad1974
mutha1974
suck1974
cocksuck1977
tosser1977
plank1981
sleazebag1981
spastic1981
dweeb1982
bumboclaat1983
dickwad1983
scuzzbag1983
sleazeball1983
butt-face1984
dickweed1984
saddie1985
butt plug1986
jerkweed1988
dick-sucker1989
microcephalic1989
wankstain1990
sadster1992
buttmunch1993
fanny1995
jackhole1996
fassyhole1997
fannybaws2000
fassy2002
1530 T. Elyot tr. Plutarch Educ. Children sig. B.iiiv After your children be comen to yeres, whan they shulde be commytted to Tutours, than for the remnaunt of their educacion you muste be circumspecte, that you do not commytte the gouernaunce of them to slaues or villaynes, or to men vnstable, false, or deceitfull.
c1560 in J. Raine Depositions Courts Durham (1845) 64 Thou art a slave and a knave to fynd fault with me.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iv. iii. 34 This yellow Slaue [sc. gold], Will knit and breake Religions. View more context for this quotation
1643 Burgh Rec. Aberdeen (1872) 8 For abuseing of Gilbert Brek, officiar, in calling of him loun, slaw, and knave.
1780 W. Cowper Progress of Error 615 Though the deist rave, And atheist, if earth bear so base a slave.
1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe II. viii. 133 ‘And what is to be my surety,’ said the Jew... ‘The word of the Norman noble, thou pawnbroking slave,’ answered Front-de-Bœuf.
b. In weakened use: a rascal; a fellow. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > man > [noun]
churla800
werec900
rinkeOE
wapmanc950
heOE
wyeOE
gomeOE
ledeOE
seggeOE
shalkOE
manOE
carmanlOE
mother bairnc1225
hemea1250
mother sona1250
hind1297
buck1303
mister mana1325
piecec1325
groomc1330
man of mouldc1330
hathela1350
sire1362
malea1382
fellowa1393
guestc1394
sergeant?a1400
tailarda1400
tulka1400
harlotc1405
mother's sona1470
frekea1475
her1488
masculinea1500
gentlemana1513
horse?a1513
mutton?a1513
merchant1549
child1551
dick1553
sorrya1555
knavea1556
dandiprat1556
cove1567
rat1571
manling1573
bird1575
stone-horse1580
loona1586
shaver1592
slave1592
copemate1593
tit1594
dog1597
hima1599
prick1598
dingle-dangle1605
jade1608
dildoa1616
Roger1631
Johnny1648
boy1651
cod1653
cully1676
son of a bitch1697
cull1698
feller1699
chap1704
buff1708
son of a gun1708
buffer1749
codger1750
Mr1753
he-man1758
fella1778
gilla1790
gloak1795
joker1811
gory1819
covey1821
chappie1822
Charley1825
hombre1832
brother-man1839
rooster1840
blokie1841
hoss1843
Joe1846
guy1847
plug1848
chal1851
rye1851
omee1859
bloke1861
guffin1862
gadgie1865
mug1865
kerel1873
stiff1882
snoozer1884
geezer1885
josser1886
dude1895
gazabo1896
jasper1896
prairie dog1897
sport1897
crow-eater1899
papa1903
gink1906
stud1909
scout1912
head1913
beezer1914
jeff1917
pisser1918
bimbo1919
bozo1920
gee1921
mush1936
rye mush1936
basher1942
okie1943
mugger1945
cat1946
ou1949
tess1952
oke1970
bra1974
muzhik1993
the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > roguery > rogue > [noun]
harlot?c1225
truantc1290
shreward1297
boyc1300
lidderon13..
cokinc1330
pautenerc1330
bribera1387
bricouna1400
losarda1400
rascal?a1400
custronc1400
knapea1450
sloven?a1475
limmerc1485
knavatec1506
smaik?1507
smy?1507
koken?a1513
swinger1513
Cock Lorel?1518
pedlar's French1530
varletc1540
losthope?c1550
makeshift1554
wild rogue1567
miligant1568
rogue1568
crack-halter1573
rascallion1582
schelm1584
scoundrel1589
scaba1592
bezonian1592
slave1592
rampallion1593
Scanderbeg1601
roly-poly1602
canter1608
cantler1611
gue1612
fraudsman1613
Cathayana1616
crack-hempa1616
foiterer1616
tilt1620
picaro1622
picaroon1629
sheepmanc1640
rapscallion1648
scaramouch1677
fripon1691
trickster1711
shake-bag1794
sinner1809
cad1838
badmash1843
scattermouch1892
jazzbo1914
society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > lack of magnanimity or noble-mindedness > [noun] > baseness or moral vileness > person
wretchOE
filthOE
birdc1300
villain1303
caitiffc1330
crachouna1400
crathona1400
custronc1400
sloven?a1475
smaik?1507
rook?a1513
scavenger1563
scald1575
peasant1581
scaba1592
bezonian1592
slave1592
patchcock1596
muckworm1649
blackguard1732
ramscallion1734
nasty1825
cad1838
boundera1889
three-letter man1929
1567 G. Turberville Epitaphes, Epigrams sig. H.iv What madnesse may be more than such a Lorde to haue, Who makes the chieftaine of his bande a ruke and raskall slaue?
1600 W. Cornwallis Ess. I. xv. sig. I6 I come nowe from discoursing with an Husband-man, an excellent stiffe slaue.
1694 T. Southerne Fatal Marriage i. i. 19 You, Rascal, Slave; what do I keep you for? How came this Woman in?
II. Senses referring to an animal or thing.
4. Entomology. An ant captured, typically as a larva or pupa, by ants of a another colony (and usually a different species) for use as a worker; = slave ant n. at Compounds 5.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > ant > slave ant
slave1817
slave ant1862
1817 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. II. xvii. 75 Certain ants are affirmed to sally forth from their nests on predatory expeditions, for the singular purpose of procuring slaves to employ in their domestic business.
1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species vii. 220 I opened fourteen nests of F. sanguinea, and found a few slaves in all.
1940 G. S. Carter Gen. Zool. Invertebr. xxii. 461 The other ants (e.g. the British Formica sanguinea) which use workers of other species as slaves..are no more parasitic than the carnivorous animal is on its prey, except in so far as they lose freedom by so doing.
2017 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 284 (Article ID 20162249) 2/1 Obligate slavemakers..have lost the abilities to perform social tasks, such as brood care or nest defence and die when not fed by their slaves.
5. A component that is controlled by, or closely follows the action of, another component of a system. Frequently contrasted with master n.1 2e.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > types of machine generally > [noun] > other types
screw-machine?1746
self-driving1859
jig1875
pop-up1880
portable1900
positioner1903
slave1940
mobile unit1968
society > computing and information technology > software > [noun] > system or utility programmes > other
rollback1954
loader1959
package1964
scheduler1966
post-processor1967
shell1974
disc emulator1977
profiler1977
spooler1979
updater1980
sniffer1986
vaccine1986
antivirus1988
1924 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts 23 May 451/1 The effect is that one pendulum measures time and does no work, whilst the slave does all the work and has its precise timing done for it.
1975 D. Pitts Target Manhattan (1976) xxix. 126 ‘The first move is to get hold of that master computer.’.. ‘That would stop the explosion?’ ‘It will if they haven't given final instructions to the slave.’
1987 Toronto Star (Nexis) 15 Feb. f8 Start one program in each machine. One becomes the ‘master,’ the other the ‘slave’.
2013 Network World (Nexis) 6 May The master and slaves continuously monitor the network, so failover was nearly instantaneous in our tests.
6. Nautical. A jib that is almost permanently set to catch the wind; = slave jib n. at Compounds 5. rare.Apparently so called with reference to being in operation almost constantly.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > sail > [noun] > sail set on a stay > jib or sail set on forestay > types of
marabut1622
flying jib1711
storm-jiba1827
spitfire-jib1858
jib topsail1866
reaching foresail1901
reacher1903
jumbo1912
Yankee1912
Yankee jib1912
Genoa1932
Genoa jib1932
slave1934
quad1937
slave jib1948
masthead genoa1958
1934 Yachting Monthly June 119/2 These craft [sc. Bristol Channel pilot cutters], when in the pilot service, carried a heavy mainsail roped up the leech, a staysail with two sets of reef points, and a working jib, generally known as ‘the slave’.
1970 E. J. March Inshore Craft Great Brit. II. vii. 263 A ‘slave’ slightly larger [than the storm jib] and so called because it was almost permanently set.
B. adj.
1. In predicative use: designating a slave. Somewhat rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [adjective] > of or relating to slaves > having position or character of slave
slavish1565
slavea1576
1562 Bp. J. Pilkington Vision of Abdy in Aggeus & Abdias Prophetes sig. Cc.v I will..make thee more vyle and slaue..than any people round about thee.
1850 T. Carlyle Latter-day Pamphlets i. 35 Algiers, Brazil or Dahomey hold nothing in them so authentically slave as you are.
2003 J. H. Yoder Karl Barth & Problem of War i. xi. 69 Whether the concept of freedom is itself clearly defined, whether one is always either completely free or completely slave.
2. Of a component in a system: subsidiary; esp. controlled by, or set to follow the actions of, another component. Cf. sense A. 5.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > control(s) > [adjective]
slave1904
society > computing and information technology > software > [adjective] > system or utility program
interpretive1951
system programming1958
monitor1962
1904 Rep. His Majesty's Astronomer at Cape of Good Hope for 1903 6 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 2143) XIX. 309 The Clock consists of two separate instruments:—(a) A pendulum... (b) The ‘slave-clock’ with a wheel train and dead-beat escapement, the pendulum of which has a period of vibration slightly shorter than one second.
1945 Electronics Nov. 94/1 (caption) Master and slave stations transmit synchronized pulses, and the difference in their times of arrival determines the position of the ship or aircraft.
1968 GE-645 Syst. Man. (Gen. Electric Co.) 31/2 Illegal Procedure—Caused when the program attempts to violate its access rights. This includes..slave program access of address base registers reserved [printed reversed] for use.
1998 What's New in Building Mar. 33 In addition to bolts into the head and cill on the slave door.., all double doors come with hooks and top/bottom shoot bolts operated from the handle on the main door.
2001 Sci. News 30 June 407/3 So-called master-slave telerobotic devices..include a slave limb that follows the motions of a person's arm that's yoked into a master arm across the room.
2014 S. King Mr. Mercedes 287 It's a slave program... You can't use it to turn on a computer..but if it is on, you can run everything from your own computer.

Phrases

P1. In similative phrases, as the type of a person who works or is made to work hard, tirelessly, etc., esp. in to work like a slave.
Π
1686 H. Higden Mod. Ess. 13th Satyr Juvenal 30 We predestin'd Reprobates, Are persecuted by the Fates. Like Slaves must drudge and carry double, Tugging the labouring Oar of Trouble.
?1720 Wits Secretary 83 So the Man who with Yoaking is once but oppress'd Must drudge like a Slave, or toil like a Beast.
1892 F. Marryat How like Woman 17 She can hardly keep bread in her mouth and a dress on her back, and works like a slave at her painting to make ends meet.
1955 N. Coward Diary 15 Sept. (2000) 282 Pete is working like a slave, orchestrating all day long while I grind out lyrics.
2012 Times 5 Oct. 57/1 The crisis at Kingfisher Airlines deepened last night after the wife of a company employee committed suicide and staff said that they were being treated ‘like slaves’ in a bitter row over unpaid salaries.
P2.
Slave of the Lamp n. (a) a person who can perform miracles; (b) (more usually) a person under an inescapable obligation; a person who must perform a particular task. [After French esclave de la lampe (1712); from the story of Aladdin, in which a genie, summoned by rubbing a magic lamp, must perform the wishes of the lamp's possessor.]
ΘΠ
the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > evil spirit or demon > [noun] > of Muhammadan demonology > specific
Slave of the Lampc1840
society > authority > subjection > service > servant > types of servant > [noun] > menial servant or drudge
drivelc1225
meniala1387
druggarc1500
drudgea1513
kitchen wencha1556
coal carrier1567
droy1570
packhorse?1577
droil1579
blue coat1583
sumpter1587
mill-horse1602
subsizar1602
jackal1649
mediastine1658
slut1664
hack1699
scrub1709
Gibeonite1798
the lion's provider1808
slush1825
Slave of the Lampc1840
runabout1893
lobby-gow1906
squidge1907
dogsbody1922
legman1939
shit-kicker1950
society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > [noun] > one who compels > one who is compelled
Slave of the Lampc1840
1810 ‘A Briton’ Let. Addr. to Lord Grenville 66 You are not likely to be one of the slaves of the lamp of Aladdin; and to build a palace that shall disappear in an instant, as it was raised by the breath of a moment.
1841 C. Dickens Let. 1 July (1969) II. 319 I am bound to be..constant to my plans. I am a poor Slave of the Lamp.
1953 E. Coxhead Midlanders v. 120 Their working life was a deadening one. They were as near as possible machines themselves, slaves of the implacable lamp.
2001 Times 19 Dec. (Sports section) s3 Literature is intoxicating stuff and all those tempted by it become Slaves of the Lamp.

Compounds

C1. Now chiefly historical.
a. General use as a modifier (chiefly in sense A. 1), as in slave-master, slave revolt, slave song, slave work, etc.
ΘΠ
society > authority > [noun] > those in authority > person in authority > master of slaves
patrona1665
patroon1671
Negro-holder1780
slave-master1822
slave-master1822
old master1845
society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > types of song > [noun] > folk-song > black
Jim Crow1832
plantation song1844
jubilee1872
slave song1881
calypso1900
kaiso1912
leggo1940
road march1951
soca1977
society > occupation and work > work > [noun] > servile or menial work
thrall-workc1175
drudgery1548
slavery1551
journey-work1614
drudgery work1632
slave work1808
hackwork1824
dog's work1847
dog work1850
grind1851
daily grind1853
slave work1916
donkey-work1920
clock-punching1929
legwork1942
shitwork1958
kyeyo1996
1613 G. Chapman Reuenge Bussy D'Ambois iv. sig. H1 He had bought his bands out With their slaue blouds.
1791 W. Cowper Let. 27 May (1982) III. 519 As for Politics..I reck not, having no room in my head for any thing but the slave-bill.
1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) III. 651 The violent remonstrances of our traders in favour of the inhuman slave-traffic.
1822 Sunday Times 20 Oct. 1/4 The Continental Monarchs were but so many slave-masters.
1852 J. M. Ludlow Hist. U.S. 195 The tendency of the slave-system being to divide the white population.
1881 Harper's Mag. May 818/2 The plaintive slave songs..have won popularity wherever the English language is spoken.
1916 D. H. Lawrence Twilight in Italy 303 Life is now a matter of selling oneself to slave-work.
1971 Black Scholar June 11/1 We were so abhorrent to our slavemasters that legal barriers were instituted to prevent the natural process of assimilation.
1996 Japan Times 29 Apr. 10/5 They did the samba and the capoeira, a martial-arts step used in slave revolts.
2007 I. McDonald Brasyl 72 There's a lot of old slave-days stuff down in the basements of this fazenda, including an iron slave-mask for gagging unruly peças that scares him.
b. As a modifier with the sense ‘consisting of enslaved people’, as in slave-cargo, slave-class, slave population.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [noun] > slave > collectively
string1744
stock1828
slaveage1831
slave-class1840
thirl-folk1871
thrall-folk1887
1735 J. Atkins Voy. Guinea 259 A[nchored at] Anamboo..a noted Place of stopping, for all our Windward trading Ships, to compleat their Slave Cargoes.
1865 Atlantic Monthly June 752 The last slave-coffle that shall ever tread the streets of Richmond.
1935 J. S. Huxley & A. C. Haddon We Europeans ix. 279 A slave-class..of markedly different ethnic type from their masters.
2002 T. Pinchuck et al. Rough Guide S. Afr. (ed. 3) 108 By the end of the eighteenth century, the almost 26,000-strong slave population of the Cape exceeded that of the free burghers.
c. As a modifier designating places where enslaved people live or in which they are kept, sold, or transported, as in slave camp, slave house, slave hut, slave pen, slave pit, slave quarter, slave ship, etc.
ΘΠ
society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [noun] > places inhabited by slaves
slave quarter1837
slave quarter1837
slave pen1845
slave pen1845
slave pit1931
slave pit1931
slave house1939
slave house1939
slave camp1953
slave camp1953
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > trading vessel > [noun] > involved in slave trade
Guinea-man1695
slave-ship1796
slave-ship1796
slaver1830
Guinea ship1855
slave-trader1874
blackbirder1880
picaroon1896
1796 H. M. Williams Lett. France IV. vii. 177 The faithful historian of a slave-ship would perhaps admit, that there are horrors beyond the drowning scenes of Carrier, or the guillotines of Robespierre.
1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. II. ii. i. 49 The slave-quarter is large.
1860 E. B. Pusey Minor Prophets 135 The great slave-mart at Delos.
1890 G. A. Henty With Lee in Virginia 76 A warrant to search your slave-huts..for a runaway negro.
1901 W. Churchill Crisis i. iv. 35 A score of miserable human beings waiting to be sold at auction. Mr. Lynch's slave pen had been disgorged that morning.
1931 Times Lit. Suppl. 4 June 440/3 Characteristic..are the winding entrance gangways, a feature..in the..‘slave pits’.
1943 H. T. Kane Bayous of Louisiana iii. 256 A barn and a few slave houses are all that can be found today of the former grandeur of the Durands, among the trees.
1973 R. Dougall In & out of Box xi. 127 The great bulk of the work was carried out manually by wretched, scarecrow figures dressed in rags... They were gangs from the notorious Stalin slave camps in the Arctic.
1999 K. A. Appiah & H. L. Gates Africana 1870/2 Slave vessels sailed from Europe with large crews, including surgeons, carpenters, coopers (barrel-workers), cooks.., sailors.., and others hired to guard slaves on the African coast and on the Middle Passage.
2018 R. Eddo-Lodge Why I'm no longer talking to White People about Race (rev. ed.) i. 4 The vast slave ships that transported African people across the Atlantic were severely cramped.
C2. With other nouns with the sense ‘that is a slave’, as in slave boy, slave girl, slave labourer, slave woman, etc. Now chiefly historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [noun] > slave
theowc893
thrallc950
young manOE
slavec1290
boyc1300
servanta1325
bondc1330
bondmana1340
manciplea1387
man's-bond?a1400
thrillc1480
thrillmanc1480
serf1483
bondservant1535
bondslave1561
bondling1587
slave-boy1607
slave-labourer1607
chattel1649
bondsman1713
livestock1755
esne1819
thirl-man1871
task-labourer1897
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to conditions > [noun] > drudge or slave-labourer
slave-labourer1607
fag1770
slave1774
sweatee1889
task-labourer1897
society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [noun] > slave > female
theowa900
ambohtc1175
thrallessa1382
bondwoman1387
serve1480
bondmaid1526
naif1531
maid slave1585
slave-girl1607
slave woman1607
woman bond1675
house girl1791
thrall-woman1886
bondswoman-
1607 T. Middleton Revengers Trag. ii. sig. E Where's this slaue-pander now?
1709 Ld. Shaftesbury Sensus Communis: Ess. Freedom of Wit 62 'Twas difficult to apprehend..what Publick [subsisted] between an Absolute Prince and his Slave-Subjects.
1813 P. B. Shelley Queen Mab v. 69 The slave-soldier lends His arm to murderous deeds.
1848 J. S. Mill Princ. Polit. Econ. I. ii. v. 294 No slave-labourers are worse fed, clothed, or lodged, than the free peasantry of Ireland.
1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. iii. 70 I have myself seen..slave women who had suffered for theft.
1900 Dublin Rev. July 205 The honour that was paid to the slave-martyrs.
1980 F. Warner Light Shadows ii. 10 I gave the Emperor that slave-girl, Acte.
2018 Transition No. 131 195 Ta-Nehisi Coates..tells the story of Hiram, a slave boy on a tobacco plantation in Virginia.
C3. With participles, agent nouns, and verbal nouns, forming compounds in which slave expresses the object of the underlying verb, as in slave dealing, slave owning, slave raiding, etc. (adjectives and nouns); slave broker, slave dealer, slave owner, slave raider, etc.Such compounds often relate to capture, sale, and ownership of enslaved people during the period of the Atlantic slave trade.
ΘΠ
society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [noun] > one who enslaves or owns slaves
enslaver1728
slave-holder1776
slave-holder1776
slave-owner1847
slave-owner1847
society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [noun] > one who buys or sells slaves
slave-dealer1776
slave-dealer1776
society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [noun] > acquisition of slaves by raiding > one who acquires by raiding
slave raider1884
slave raider1884
society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [adjective] > enslaving or using slave labour
enthralling1595
slave-holding1798
slave-holding1798
slave-owning1828
slave-owning1828
slave-driving1830
society > trade and finance > specific types of trade > [noun] > trade in slaves
slave-trade1734
man-trade1760
man-merchandise1788
slave-dealing1835
slave-dealing1835
slaving1862
society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [noun] > acquisition of slaves by raiding
slave raids1884
slave-raiding1933
slave-raiding1933
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 162 A merchant slaue-seller.
1735 J. Thomson Antient & Mod. Italy Compared: 1st Pt. Liberty 32 Extended in her hand the Cap, and Rod, Whose Slave-inlarging touch gave double life.
1799 Hull Advertiser 13 July 4/2 The slave carrying ships were pestilential jails.
1828 J. F. Cooper Notions Amer. II. xiii. 296 The confederation is nearly equally divided into slave-owning, and what are called free states.
1835 J. E. Alexander Sketches in Portugal ix. 212 Many of the governors have held office solely for the purpose of enriching themselves by slave-dealing.
1863 W. Phillips Speeches v. 75 The pulpit preached slave-hunting.
1864 Q. Jrnl. Sci. Jan. 10 The slave-dealing king of Dahomey.
1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People i. §3. 17 ‘They are English, Angles!’ the slave-dealers answered.
1893 Dublin Rev. Apr. 295 The son of a slave-broker in Cairo.
1933 A. N. Whitehead Adventures of Ideas iii. 34 Mediaeval wars were dissociated from slave-raiding expeditions.
1946 Nature 2 Nov. 607/2 Slave-raiders were exhausting a wasting asset, the chief export of tropical Africa.
1957 V. W. Turner Schism & Continuity in Afr. Society vi. 193 The mechanisms which formerly maintained the norms governing the relations of slave-owners and slaves could no longer operate.
2019 J. M. Metzl Dying of Whiteness 141 A once slave-owning state, Tennessee long mandated separate and unequal health care.
C4. As a modifier with the sense ‘by or with enslaved people’, as in slave-grown, slave-made, slave-peopled, etc. Now chiefly historical.
ΚΠ
1764 C. Churchill Duellist i. 11 Some slave-got Villain.
1788 W. Cowper Morning Dream 26 To a slave-cultur'd island we came.
1809–10 P. B. Shelley On an Icicle in T. J. Hogg Life Shelley (1858) I. iv. 160 Where patriotism..Plants liberty's flag on the slave-peopled shore.
1860 T. P. Thompson Audi Alteram Partem (1861) III. cxli. 120 The supply of slave-grown cotton.
1990 Arizona Daily Star 14 Mar. (Food Suppl.) 2/4 They [sc. abolitionists] refused to use any slave-produced product, and some made drastic changes in their diets.
2010 M. Titorenko Verses for Down & Out 22 Row upon row of slave made goods pack this place from the floor to the ceiling.
C5.
slave ant n. Entomology an ant captured, typically as a larva or pupa, by ants of another colony (and usually a different species) for use as a worker; = sense A. 4. [Compare earlier slave-making adj. 2, slave-maker n. 2, and later dulosis n.]
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > ant > slave ant
slave1817
slave ant1862
1840 W. Swainson On Habits & Instincts Animals x. 335 Not being then acquainted with the slave ants, it was natural for us to conclude..that these pupæ rightly belonged to those who were conveying them; and whom we supposed were their parents.
1934 Evening Star (Washington, D.C.) 30 May b11/2 I was watching the nest of some slave ants, which was, as usual, guarded by several sentinels.
2017 Western Folklore 73 450 Slave ants cannot recognize that they are working for a queen to which they are totally unrelated.
slave bangle n. (a) (originally apparently) a type of bangle worn by or associated with enslaved people, or with the purchase of slaves; (b) (later) a bangle worn as jewellery, frequently above the elbow; = slave bracelet n. (b).The use of this term may now be considered offensive or problematic on the grounds that it trivializes the historical experience of enslaved people.In sense (b) the term slave bangle is possibly used to distinguish this item of jewellery from that described at slave bracelet n. (c).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > arm or leg ornament > [noun] > bracelet or armlet > other types of bracelet
Dardanium1648
friendship bracelet1890
slave bangle1923
slave bracelet1934
charm-bracelet1941
1889 Newcastle Weekly Chron. 7 Sept. 6/3 Though not a large collection, it includes a sample of nearly everything possessed by the natives of the Upper Congo... War horns of ivory; musical instruments of bone and wood; slave bangles of heavy copper; [etc.].
1905 Kent & Sussex Courier 7 July 7/4 The bride was attended by her sister as bridesmaid. She wore cream ninon de soie..and a set of sables, were the gift of the bridegroom, whose present to the bridesmaid was a gold slave bangle.
1923 U. L. Silberrad Lett. Jean Armiter ii. 33 A green-glass slave bangle.
1975 D. Gray Ride on Tiger ii. 20 She wore..a silver slave bangle on her right arm.
2007 Press (Christchurch, N.Z.) (Nexis) 2 Aug. 9 Key looks..cuff bracelets and slave bangles in metallics and bright plastic.
slave bell n. now historical a large bell, typically hung from a high structure, that was formerly used on a plantation to summon enslaved labourers and mark the beginning and end of work periods.
Π
1792 R. Hamilton Addr. Propriety Abolition of Slave Trade 15 At four o'clock in the morning..the Slave-Bell rings:—there is no trifling here! all must..instantly obey the call, and speed them to their labour.
1852 W. B. Hoyt Land of Hope i. 18 Evening after evening he hears the peal of the slave bell, after which it is unlawful..to be found in the streets without a written permit from his owner.
1946 T. Macdonald Ouma Smuts 14 The old slave bells by the farmhouses were still rung to bring the coloured folk to work and to end the labour of their days, but all were now free men.
2011 Cape Argus (Nexis) 10 Feb. 16 As children we were fascinated by the large slave bell, not appreciating its significance.
slave block n. now historical a stump upon which an enslaved person stood when being sold at auction; cf. block n.1 13.
ΘΠ
society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [noun] > market for buying or selling slaves > block or platform for display of
slave block1907
slave block1907
1846 Anti-slavery Bugle (Salem, Ohio) 27 Feb. Washington and Alexandria continue to be slave marts, and their citizens crowd the slave block with human victims.
1907 R. Kipling Actions & Reactions (1909) 188 The Hajji had often gloatingly appraised his skill..at five thousand rupees upon any slave block.
1966 Keystone Folklore Q. 11 74 She was only eight when she was sold on the slave block.
2004 Afr. Amer. Rev. 38 203/1 Although there seems to be some affection between Emily and her husband, the fact that Mr. Garie had actually purchased his ‘wife’ on the slave block skews domestic ideals of loving reciprocity.
slave bracelet n. (a) a chain bracelet decorated with a small hanging ball (obsolete rare); (b) a rigid bangle of a type frequently worn above the elbow; = slave bangle n. (b); (c) a bracelet worn on the wrist, joined by a chain to a ring (or rings) worn on the finger(s); a similar item worn on the ankle and toe(s).The use of this term may now be considered offensive or problematic on the grounds that it trivializes the historical experience of enslaved people. [In senses (a) and (c) with reference to the chains, shackles, etc., used as restraints on enslaved people (although see also the more specific explanation of sense (a) given in quot. 1877). In sense (b) apparently with allusion either to identity bracelets which enslaved people were required to wear on the wrist or ankle, or to plain bracelets used as a form of currency by Europeans buying enslaved people from Africa; compare slave bangle n. (a).]
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > arm or leg ornament > [noun] > bracelet or armlet > other types of bracelet
Dardanium1648
friendship bracelet1890
slave bangle1923
slave bracelet1934
charm-bracelet1941
1877 John Bull 7 Apr. 224/3 In jewellery there is but one innovation, and..it is the slave-bracelet, and only owes its name to the fact that it was worn for the first time by the slave in the new piece Paul et Virginie [sc. an opera]. It is a nickel chain with a ball at one end.
1905 Daily Tel. 5 Dec. 10/7 Rigid bracelets are returning to favour, and the perfectly plain, heavy, round gold circlet, just large enough to slip over the hand, known as ‘the Slave bracelet’, is being largely bought.
1940 R. Chandler Farewell, my Lovely xxi. 164 An emerald..that..managed to look as phony as a dime-store slave bracelet.
1976 N. Botham & P. Donnelly Valentino xxii. 169 Her special gift for her husband—a platinum slave bracelet.
2019 M. Brennan New Worlds, Year Two (e-book, accessed 19 June 2022) The unfortunately-termed slave bracelet, also called a hand flower, links a bracelet to a finger-ring via decorations that extend over the back of the hand, and may have originated in India.
slave breaker n. chiefly U.S. (now historical) a person who uses physical violence or other coercive measures to force an enslaved person to become tractable or submissive, esp. someone employed to do this; cf. breaker n.1 3.
Π
1845 Atlas 8 Nov. 726/2 (heading) Not a horse-breaker, but a slave-breaker.
1881 F. Douglass Life & Times xvi. 446 He had..hired me out to a noted slave breaker to be worked like a beast and flogged into submission.
1956 K. M. Stamp Peculiar Institut. 188 If a master was too squeamish to undertake the rugged task of humbling a refractory bondsman, he might send him to a..professional ‘slave breaker’.
2019 A. J. Fuller in L. M. Harris et al. Slavery & University vi. 122 The Charleston workhouse was a hellish place where slave breakers worked fiendishly with whips to punish slaves chained like animals to the treadmill.
slave captain n. now historical the captain of a vessel used in the slave trade.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > [noun] > captain or master > of specific type of vessel
shouterc1325
patron?a1425
trowman1429
balinger-master1463
Master of the Barge1480
wafter1482
bargemaster1648
trierarch1656
hoyman1666
collier-master1723
country captain1769
slave-captain1808
grocery-captain1816
hide-drogher1841
pentecontarch1851
collier-man1881
1790 Abstr. of Evid. contained Rep. of Lords of Comm. of Council Relative to Slave-Trade 38 Slave Captains, tried in England, for murdering seamen.
1808 T. Clarkson Afr. Slave-trade I. 378 Norris had been formerly a slave-captain, but had quitted the trade.
2012 Jrnl. Early Republic 32 234 It is unlikely that a slave captain would have been charged for the murder of an African slave during the seventeenth or most of the eighteenth century.
slave caravan n. now historical a group of people travelling as a caravan (caravan n. 1b), used by slave traders or captors as a means of moving enslaved people long distances.
Π
1799 Monthly Rev. 29 590/2 (index) Crosses the Jalouka wilderness, in company with a slave caravan.
1840 T. B. Macaulay Ranke's Hist. in Ess. (1897) 558 The marts of the African slave-caravans.
1909 B. T. Washington Story of Negro I. ii. v. 97 Long marches of the slave-caravans.
2020 Y. M. Juwayeyi Archaeo. & Oral Trad. Malawi xiii. 211 The goal was to..prevent slave caravans from travelling to the coast.
slave caste n. a hereditary class or social group whose members have traditionally been made to work as slaves.
Π
1821 Proc. Church Missionary Soc. 1820–1 171 They are a Caste of Parriars, which is higher than the Slave Caste.
1895 C. S. Horne Story of L.M.S. 95 Members of the poor slave-castes must not approach nearer than ninety paces to a Brahmin.
2016 Guardian (Nexis) 20 Jan. Life for Mauritania's slave caste is ‘sub-human’, says Merzough, who said children born into the caste are condemned to a life of domestic servitude, violence and poverty.
Slave Coast n. now historical a part of the west coast of Africa (see quot. 1875) from which enslaved people were exported.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Africa > [noun] > West Africa
Slave Coast1778
white man's grave1836
The Land of the Shadow of Death1897
1702 D. Jones Hist. France II. 1229 As for what they have in Africa, there is first the Isle of Goeree, or L' Islette de St. Louis, near Cape Vert, which is on the Slave Coast.
1875 Encycl. Brit. I. 269 The Slave Coast extends from the river Volta to the Calabar river.
2019 Res. Afr. Lit. 50 12 The history of Lagos as a trade center and its situation on the slave coast lurk in the subtext of Okorafor's story of invasion from the sea.
slave code n. now historical any of various legal codes regulating the institution of slavery; spec. a body of laws applied to enslaved people of African origin within slave-holding jurisdictions, esp. in the Caribbean and United States.Slave codes within the Caribbean and United States often also restricted the rights and liberties of free black people; cf. Black Code n. and quot. 2016.
ΘΠ
society > law > types of laws > [noun] > relating to ethnic minorities
Fleming-lauche?c1629
black code1749
Jew Bill1753
Nuremberg Laws1937
Group Area1950
1774 E. Long Hist. Jamaica II. iii. v. 496 The Negroes in our colonies might..have fared better, if their masters had taken the Athenian slave code for their guide, instead of ransacking the statute-law of England for modes of judging and chastizing them.
1859 Memphis Daily Appeal 15 Sept. 1/2 New Mexico passed a slave code, protecting and maintaining slavery in the Territory as a democratic institution, and punishing all offenses against slave property.
1866 C. Sumner Equal Rights of All 31/2 Strike at the Black Code, as you have already struck at the Slave Code... You have already proclaimed Emancipation; proclaim Enfranchisement also.
1952 Jrnl. Negro Hist. 37 239 The legal questions involved..the right of Negroes to testify in court, a right heretofore denied under the slave codes.
2016 D. Olusoga Black & Brit. ii. 70 The Slave Code divided Barbados society along the lines of race. All white men of all classes were accorded rights that were systematically denied to black people.
slave fork n. now historical a forked tree branch secured to the neck of an enslaved person to prevent escape; = slave stick n.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > binding or fettering > [noun] > bond(s) or fetter(s) or shackle(s) > for the neck > stick for slaves
gori1865
taming-stick1866
slave-fork1883
slave-stick1899
1863 Three Years in Central Afr. 28 The slaves..were soon collected and released, the slave forks being transferred to the necks of the dealers.
1898 Daily Tel. 11 Apr. 4/7 Many poor wretches fighting in fetters or in slave-forks.
2013 W. Mulligan in W. Mulligan & M. Bric Global Hist. of Anti-Slavery Politics 156 The slave fork was a staple part of many anti-slavery meetings. It was part of a conscious effort to appeal to European sensibilities.
slave-holder n. now historical a person who holds others in slavery; cf. slave owner at Compounds 3.
Π
1776 G. Sharp Law of Retribution (title page) Tyrants, Slave-holders, and Oppressors.
1861 Sat. Rev. 23 Nov. 525 An intention of alarming the slaveholders of the coast.
1982 Eng. World-wide 3 i. 19 A majority of the planters attempted to surmount the moral conflict inherent in being a slave-holder.
slave-holding adj. and n. now historical (a) adj. designating a place in which people are (or were) held in slavery; designating a person who holds others in slavery; (b) n. the practice of holding people in slavery.
Π
1798 Deb. Congr. U.S. 29 June (1851) 2058 At present the slaveholding parts of the State are burdened with the heaviest part of the State taxes.
1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. II. 77 This brought in an accession of slave-holding settlers.
1841 J. Sturge Let. 30 June in Visit to U.S. in 1841 (1842) 33 If slave-holding were to be justified at all, the slave-trade must be also.
1863 J. H. Speke Jrnl. Discov. Source Nile p. xxvi The whole system of slave-holding..is exceedingly strange.
1959 D. K. Wilgus Anglo-Amer. Folksong Scholarship 353 White songs in the slave-holding areas.
slave jib n. Nautical rare a jib that is almost permanently set to catch the wind; cf. sense A. 6.Apparently so called with reference to being in operation almost constantly.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > sail > [noun] > sail set on a stay > jib or sail set on forestay > types of
marabut1622
flying jib1711
storm-jiba1827
spitfire-jib1858
jib topsail1866
reaching foresail1901
reacher1903
jumbo1912
Yankee1912
Yankee jib1912
Genoa1932
Genoa jib1932
slave1934
quad1937
slave jib1948
masthead genoa1958
1948 R. de Kerchove Internat. Maritime Dict. 685/2 Slave jib, a term used by yachtsmen to denote a working jib, almost permanently set.
slave king n. a member of a dynasty founded by a former slave, Quṭb al-Dīn Aybak, which ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 1206 to 1290; usually in plural. [Compare Persian sult̤anat mamlūk , denoting the dynasty ( < sult̤anat reign, authority, kingdom (see sultanate n.) + mamlūk Mameluke n.; compare sense 2 at that entry).]
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > dynasty > [noun] > member of other specific Asian
Achaemenid1601
Achaemenian1737
slave king1841
Seleucid1852
Safavi1854
Sargonid1887
Safavid1888
Timurid1908
1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India II. vi. i. 1 (heading) Slave kings.
1882 W. W. Hunter Indian Empire ix. 223 Kutab-ud-dín had started life as a Túrkí slave, and several of his successors rose by valour or intrigue from the same low condition to the throne. His dynasty is accordingly known as that of the Slave Kings.
1958 O. Caroe Pathans i. 17 The slave-kings who followed them in Delhi were, every one, a Turk.
2008 India Internat. Centre Q. 35 158 Thereafter came the Sultanate period with the Slave kings, the Khiljis, the Tughlaqs, the Sayyids, the Lodhis and Mughals (under whom Delhi flourished as probably never before) and finally the British.
slave labour n. work, esp. hard physical work, carried out by enslaved people, or (hyperbolically) likened to this.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > work > [noun] > forced, statute, or feudal work
week-worklOE
servicec1300
corvée1340
task-work1582
statute work1683
statute labour1729
statute duty1753
slave labour1820
forced labour1872
1680 J. Atkins in J. Wareing Indentured Migration & Servant Trade (2017) Introd. 4 (modernized text) Since people have found out the convenience and cheapness of slave-labour, they no longer keep white men, who used to do all the work on the plantations.
1820 Deb. Congr. U.S. 9 Feb. (1855) 1213 Free labor and slave labor cannot be employed together.
1871 C. Kingsley At Last II. xvi. 285 Exclusive sugar cultivation had put a premium on unskilled slave-labour.
1966 Daily Mail 24 Aug. 6/2 To be a houseman at Guy's is an honour awarded to top students... It is also, as elsewhere, slave labour at about 2s. 9d. an hour.
1982 F. McGuinness Factory Girls iii, in Plays: 1 (1996) 33 Rebecca You have some of us nearly blinded at the rates you expect us to keep up. Vera It's hardly work anymore. It's slave labour.
2010 New Yorker 1 Feb. 33/2 Its many factories had been converted to military use, with slave labor producing Luftwaffe bombsights, time-delay fuses, and other hardware.
slave market n. (a) a market at which people are bought and sold as slaves; (b) (in extended use) a place or situation likened to this, esp. (North American slang) an employment exchange.Use in sense (b) may now be considered offensive or problematic on the grounds that it trivializes the historical experience of enslaved people.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [noun] > market for buying or selling slaves
slave market1835
society > occupation and work > working > labour supply > [noun] > employment exchange
employment office1801
slave market1835
registry office1839
employment agency1851
Labour Exchange1852
employment bureau1865
employment exchange1867
labour bureau1872
pool office1884
employment service1915
buroo1934
labour1934
job agency1952
job centre1970
society > trade and finance > trading place > market > [noun] > for specific type of goods
horse-fair1369
pot market1580
pig market1647
horn-fair1669
Rag Fair1704
pot fair1738
beast market1779
Michael fair1813
pantechnicon1830
slave market1835
foal fair1880
1653 T. Fuller Infants Advocate i. 4 How many of these persons being taken prisoners, and sold, like beasts in the slave-market, accounted themselves utterly undone for the losse of (the life of their Life) their Liberty?
1835 W. E. Channing Slavery iv. 87 Slave-markets..turn to mockery the language of freedom in the halls of Congress.
1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) IV. 92 Since Gregory had beheld the angelic children of Deira in the Roman slave-market.
1911 G. B. Shaw Getting Married Pref. in Doctor's Dilemma 179 We are in the slave-market, where the conception of our relations to the persons sold is..simply commercial.
1960 Voice of Idle Worker (Vancouver) 8 Feb. 2/2 The chances are that he will be a regular customer at the slave market for a few months.
2021 MENA Eng. (Nexis) 6 Nov. Along with using Instagram as a host for online slave markets, the traffickers were also found using the platform's algorithm-based hashtags to boost the reach of their posts.
slave morality n. (in Nietzschean philosophy) a moral outlook considered to be characteristic of the weak, and thought to be rooted in resentment of the powerful, that exalts virtues such as meekness, obedience, etc. [After German Sklavenmoral ( F. Nietzsche Jenseits von Gut und Böse (1886) 231).]
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > criticism > [noun] > types of morality
political morality1721
political correctness1805
slave morality1907
PC1986
1893 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 6 140 Semitic slave morality, as he scornfully calls the law of love, must be replaced by Aryan master-morality as alone worthy to guide the conduct of the monstrous ‘Uebermensch’.
1907 G. B. Shaw Major Barbara Pref. in John Bull's Other Island 153 Nietzsche..regarded the slave-morality as having been..imposed on the world by slaves making a virtue of necessity and a religion of their servitude. Mr Stuart-Glennie regards the slave-morality as an invention of the superior white race to subjugate the minds of the inferior races whom they wished to exploit.
2021 New Atlantis Summer 9 Building on Nietzsche's polemics, he argues that liberal ideology is a ‘slave morality’ that allows women and nonmasculine ‘bugmen’ to lord it over the strong.
slave name n. (originally) a name given to an enslaved person by a slave owner; (in later use) a name inherited from enslaved ancestors, or belonging to the culture by which one's ancestors were enslaved, and which is hence sometimes changed or rejected by its bearer.
ΘΠ
the mind > language > naming > name or appellation > [noun] > other specific names or types of name
the Holy Namec1440
Singh1623
specification1633
indigitamenta1657
explicative1669
ethnic1791
household name1804
class term1811
book name1815
biverb1831
class word1837
family name1840
class name1843
ananym1867
papponymic1875
autonym1879
throne name1880
demonymic1893
ethnonym1894
a name to conjure with1901
praise name1904
self-reference1948
exonym1957
specific1962
endonym1970
demonym1990
1845 A. Stewart Legal Argument Deliv. 4,000 Persons from Bondage 10 A Roman slave being set free, took the cognomen of his master for his sur or sir-name, and his slave name for his Christian.
1898 H. Kirke 25 Years Brit. Guiana xi. 266 The old slave names, such as Venus, Adonis, Hercules, Pompey became surnames, so that we have Thomas Hercules, William Adonis.
1965 Baltimore Afro-American 23 Feb. 9/3 He joined the black Muslim movement, ‘gave my slave name back to the white man’ and became Malcolm X.
2011 R. Bhattacharya Sly Company of People who Care ii. iii. 136 Akingbade..goes by this single epithet, Yoruba for ‘brave one who wears the crown’... Old friends call out to him as Charles. ‘Can I help it if certain ignorant specimens insist on calling me by my slave name?’
slave nest n. Entomology an ant colony from which larvae, pupae, or adults are taken by ants of a different colony for use as workers (cf. sense A. 4).
ΚΠ
1881 19th Cent. June 1004 An expedition of a third species (Amazons) had found a slave-nest to plunder, and were fairly on their march towards it.
1924 J. A. Thomson Sci. Old & New xiii. 73 When they utilise scouts who have discovered an underground slave-nest, the army sometimes loses its way.
2000 Sci. News 19 Aug. 116/2 When raiders took a potential queen from the slave nest, they raised her and allowed her to fly off to start a new colony.
slave power n. now historical power based upon, or recognizing, slavery as an institution.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > power > [noun] > power of the people > of specific groups
slave-power1859
student power1862
woman power1927
black power1966
1859 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 2) Slave Power, the political power of slaveholders; the body of slaveholders.
2012 Amer. Art 26 113 Many of his contemporaries responded by raising their voices and their pens in protest of the Slave Power's threat to liberty.
slave state n. now historical any of the southern United States of America in which slave owning was legal.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [noun] > system or institution > state where slavery is legal
Negro State1780
slave state1814
the world > the earth > named regions of earth > America > North America > [noun] > United States > southern states > slave belt
Negro State1780
slave state1814
1809 National Intelligencer & Washington Advertiser 6 Nov. The citizens of our slave states, and the Northern slave holders have consented to and co-operated in the measures of this country for the arrestation and abolition of the slave trade.
1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. II. liii. 334 New States had been admitted substantially in pairs, a slave State balancing a free State.
2011 Amer. Econ. Jrnl. 3 38 Even as late as 1910, 90 percent of the country's African Americans still lived in the former slave states.
slave stick n. now historical a forked tree branch secured to the neck of an enslaved person to prevent escape; = slave fork n.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > binding or fettering > [noun] > bond(s) or fetter(s) or shackle(s) > for the neck > stick for slaves
gori1865
taming-stick1866
slave-fork1883
slave-stick1899
1863 John Bull 25 Apr. 263/2 They are all men who have been liberated from the slave-sticks.
1899 A. Werner Captain of Locusts 244 Once before I saw him there with people tied in slave-sticks.
2001 Soc. Malawi Jrnl. 54 78 He personally saw ‘slave sticks’ carried by the black troops. On another occasion he commented on a slave stick, weighing 150 pounds, being on display at the Sports Club.
slave worker n. a worker whose conditions are so harsh that they are likened to those of an enslaved person; spec. (in the Second World War, 1939–45) a person, often deported to Germany for the purpose, required by the Nazi regime to engage in enforced labour.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [noun] > slave > slave used by Nazis
slave worker1946
1891 Hull Daily Mail 14 Oct. (4th ed.) [They] pledge themselves to do all in their power to bring about the social revolution, thereby destroying both master and slave-worker.
1919 Daily Mail 20 Mar. 4/1 If Bolshevist rule in Russia continues it..would be an incalculable gain to Germany. It would provide her with slave workers by the million.
1940 German Atrocities in Poland 10 Hordes have been transported into Germany as slave workers.
1971 P. D. James Shroud for Nightingale viii. 264 [They] were Jewish slave workers in Germany..they were given lethal injections.
2012 G. Pritchard Niemandsland 2 Allied troops found it difficult to control the bands of former slave workers and prisoners of war who rampaged across the German countryside in search of food and revenge.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2022).

Slaven.2

Brit. /sleɪv/, U.S. /sleɪv/
Forms: Also Slavey; 1800s Slavé, Slavi.
Etymology: translating Cree awahkān captive, slave; the disyllabic English forms reflect a local jargon variant with French suffix -ais.
(A member of) a grouping of Athabaskan-speaking North American Indians living in the boreal forest region of north-western Canada; the language of this people. Also attributive or as adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > peoples of British Columbia, Alberta, and Alaska > [noun]
Slave1789
beaver1801
Carrier1801
Musqueam1808
Nootkian1811
Okanagan1814
Takulli1820
Dogrib1823
Nanaimo1827
Loucheux1828
Bella Coola1834
Nootkan1835
Chilkat1836
Nootka1846
Squamish1846
Siwash1847
Kwakiutl1848
Nitinaht1848
Sitkan1848
Sitka1853
Makah1855
Stick Indian1857
Songhees1860
Stoney1861
Mattole1864
Tlingit1865
Nisga'a1874
Hoochinoo1878
Nimpkish1885
Tsimshian1888
Gitksan1889
Nuxalk1910
Snohomish1910
Nuu-chah-nulth1983
Ditidaht1988
'Namgis1994
1789 A. MacKenzie Let. 22 May in L. R. Masson Les Bourgeois de la Compagnie du Nord-Ouest (1889) 1st Ser. 30 Mr. Leroux arrived on the 22nd March from the other side of Slave Lake where he had seen a great number of Red Knives and Slave Indians.
1801 A. Mackenzie Voy. from Montreal (1903) I. viii. 340 When this country was formerly invaded by the Knisteneaux, they found the Beaver Indians inhabiting the land about Portage la Roche; and the adjoining tribe were those whome they called slaves. They drove both these tribes before them; when the latter proceeded down the river from the Lake of the Hills, in consequence of which that part of it obtained the name of the Slave River.
1851 J. Richardson Arctic Searching Exped. I. viii. 242 The comfort, and not unfrequently the lives, of parties of the timid Slave or Hare Indians are sacrificed.
1862 R. G. Latham Elements Compar. Philol. lv. 391 The Beaver Indian is transitional to the Slave and the Chepewyan proper.
1875 H. H. Bancroft Native Races Pacific States III. 587 A greater divergence from the stock language is observable in the dialect of the Tutchone Kutchin, which, with those of..the Slavé of Francis Lake..might almost be called a dialectic division of the Tinneh language.
1890 W. C. Bompas (title) Hymns in the Tenni or Slavi language.
1907 F. W. Hodge Handbk. Amer. Indians I. 440 Petitot restricted the term [sc. Etchareottine] to the Etcheridiegottine, whom he distinguished from the Slaves proper.
1932 D. Jenness Indians of Canada xxiii. 390 In summer the Slave lived in conical lodges covered with brush or spruce bark.
1938 Bk. Thousand Tongues (Amer. Bible Soc.) 870/1 Slave... Spoken by Indians living along the Mackenzie River, northwestern Canada.
1946 J. J. Honigmann Ethnogr. & Acculturation of Fort Nelson Slave 16 He is married to a Slave woman and in his cultural affiliations and back~ground is more Slave than Cree.
1959 E. Tunis Indians x. 132 There was a group, the Etchaottine (Slaves), who were kind to old people.
1974 Sunday Tel. 18 Aug. 5/5 In the Territorial Capital of Yellowknife barmen have noticed a substantial reduction in the number of Dogribs seeking drink—and a corresponding increase in the number of Indians claiming to be members of the Chepeweyan and Slavey tribes.
1979 M. E. Krauss in L. Campbell & M. Mithun Langs. Native Amer. 862 These are all to a significant degree mutually intelligible, with Dogrib being the most divergent (not counting Slavey).
1981 Handbk. N. Amer. Indians VI. 79 No convenient name for this language exists, although Slave or Slavey was in 1980 commonly used as a self-designation by most speakers of Mountain, Bearlake, and Hare, as well as of Slavey proper.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1986; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

slavev.1

Brit. /sleɪv/, U.S. /sleɪv/
Forms: Also 1500s–1600s slaue.
Etymology: < slave n.1 Compare enslave v.; also (Middle) Dutch and (Middle) Low German slaven , German sklaven , chiefly in sense 4.
1.
a. transitive. To reduce to the condition of a slave; to enslave; to bring into subjection.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > be slave of [verb (transitive)] > enslave
thrallc1275
thrall?a1366
tie1390
enthral1447
thrillc1485
mancipate1533
thirl1535
esclavish1583
bethrall1596
slave1602
embondage1607
bondage1611
enfetter1611
servilize1619
emancipate1629
beslave1634
enslave1656
bond1835
asservilize1877
1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge ii. ii. sig. Dv Thou canst not slaue Or banish me.
1644 J. Birkenhead Serm. 21 Princes protect us from evill doers, who would..mercilesly slave our children.
1691 J. Wilson Belphegor ii. i I lend a Hand to Slave my Country!—No.
1881 A. R. Ellis Sylvestra II. 60 Why did he go on board a Bristol ship, if not for slaving men?
figurative.a1616 W. Shakespeare King Lear (1623) iv. i. 62 Let the..Lust-dieted man, That slaues your ordinance,..feele your powre quickly.1639 G. Daniel Ecclus. xlviii. 30 Who could never stoope To slave his vertue, for a servile Hope.
b. Const. to (a person, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > enslave oneself [verb (reflexive)]
slave1620
to sell oneself1771
1559 J. Aylmer Harborowe sig. L3v Subiected and slaued to the proudest..nacion.
1608 G. Markham & L. Machin Dumbe Knight i. sig. A4 My recreant soule, Slaued to her beauty, would renounce all warre.
1652 C. B. Stapylton tr. Herodian Imperiall Hist. 76 It slav'd them unto Macedon and Rome.
1850 J. S. Blackie tr. Æschylus Lyrical Dramas II. 39 I first slaved to the yoke Both ox and ass.
reflexive.1620 Horæ Subseciuæ 439 If they hope to obtaine any thing by their fauour..they must..slaue them-selues to Flatterie.?1620 S. Rowlands Paire of Spy-Knaves (Hunterian Club) 3 A Sicophant, that slaues himselfe to all.
c. Croquet. (See quot. 1868.)
ΚΠ
1868 W. J. Whitmore Croquet Tactics 21 To ‘slave’..a ball is to take it on with you in the game.
d. technical. To subject (a device) to control or regulation by another device. Const. to the device.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > control(s) > control by another device [verb (transitive)]
slave1952
1952 Nucleonics Nov. 41/1 They have been named master-slave manipulators because all the seven degrees of freedom of the tongs are slaved to the single master handle.
1958 C. C. Adams et al. Space Flight v. 132 The camera is synchronized with the National Bureau of Standards radio transmitter WWV, whose chief function is to broadcast time signals of incredible accuracy... It does this by means of a crystal clock..which is ‘slaved’ to WWV.
1978 Broadcast 21 Aug. 5/3 (advt.) Picture stabilization provided by an oscillating mirror slaved to the film perforations.
2.
a. To treat as a slave; to employ in hard or servile labour.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > be slave of [verb (transitive)] > treat as slave
slave1699
chattelize1878
society > occupation and work > working > [verb (transitive)] > set (person) to work > overwork
overtravaila1382
slave1699
sweat1821
haze1840
drudge1847
horse1867
slave-drive1878
rawhide1895
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > [verb (transitive)] > work animals
labourc1405
pinea1425
jade1615
slave1699
drive1889
1699 M. Lister Journey to Paris (new ed.) 218 The Ægyptian Kings built them Monuments, wherein they slaved their whole Nation.
1737 H. Bracken Farriery Improved xx. 305 Brought on..by hard Riding and Slaving the Horse afterwards.
1820 W. Scott Monastery III. xi. 288 A man were better dead than thus slaved and harassed.
1925 E. O'Neill Compl. Wks. II. 154 Didn't he slave Maw t' death?
b. To abuse by the name of slave.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > invective or abuse > abuse [verb (transitive)] > call names > specific
knavec1525
beknavea1529
ass1593
berascal1596
rascal1598
belout1605
behypocrite1612
bewhorea1616
beslave1630
beroguea1658
bebeast1659
bemonster1692
slave1719
bevillaina1734
be-coward1752
be-blockhead1768
bescoundrel1786
bedog1794
1719 G. London & H. Wise J. de la Quintinie's Compl. Gard'ner (ed. 7) p. iii The Nursery man is presently slaved and condemned for a cheating Knave.
3. intransitive (with it).
a. To practise slavish imitation.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > imitate [verb (intransitive)] > slavishly or mechanically
slave1589
parrot1596
parrotize1647
poll-parrot1865
1589 T. Nashe Anat. Absurditie sig. Eii Some proude spirited princocks..gets him a liuerie Coate of their cloth, and slaues it in their seruile sutes.
b. = sense 4.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > working > [verb (intransitive)] > work hard or toil
workeOE
swingc1000
to the boneOE
labourc1390
toilc1400
drevyll?1518
drudge1548
droy1576
droil1591
to tug at the (an) oar1612
to stand to it1632
rudge1676
slave1707
to work like a beaver1741
to hold (also keep, bring, put) one's nose to the grindstone1828
to feague it away1829
to work like a nigger1836
delve1838
slave1852
leather1863
to sweat one's guts out1890
hunker1903
to sweat (also work) one's guts out1932
to eat (also work) like a horse1937
beaver1946
to work like a drover's dog1952
to get one's nose down (to)1962
1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond II. vii. 127 He found himself presently..slaving it like the rest of the family.
4.
a. To toil or work hard like a slave.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > working > [verb (intransitive)] > work hard or toil
workeOE
swingc1000
to the boneOE
labourc1390
toilc1400
drevyll?1518
drudge1548
droy1576
droil1591
to tug at the (an) oar1612
to stand to it1632
rudge1676
slave1707
to work like a beaver1741
to hold (also keep, bring, put) one's nose to the grindstone1828
to feague it away1829
to work like a nigger1836
delve1838
slave1852
leather1863
to sweat one's guts out1890
hunker1903
to sweat (also work) one's guts out1932
to eat (also work) like a horse1937
beaver1946
to work like a drover's dog1952
to get one's nose down (to)1962
1707 in H. Playford Wit & Mirth (new ed.) III. 153 There's many more who slave and toil, Their living to get.
1766 C. Anstey New Bath Guide viii. ii. 52 She slav'd all the Day like a Spitalfields Weaver.
1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. ii. 28 Slaving to drag up each, separately, out of its deep bed.
1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xi. 97 Poor Berry..drudged and slaved away as usual.
1870 J. R. Lowell Among my Bks. (1873) 1st Ser. 55 While he was still slaving at these bricks without straw.
b. To plod through something in reading.
ΚΠ
1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. viii. 187 Reading newspaper poetry;—which..you occasionally slave through.
c. transitive. To wear out, etc., by severe toil.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > working > [verb (transitive)] > overwork (time or life)
slave1864
overwork1876
the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > weary or exhaust [verb (transitive)] > esp. through labour
fortravailc1305
overtravaila1382
overdrivea1450
over-labour1530
overwork1530
defatigate?1533
toil1549
forspend1571
out-toil1603
overtoil1607
slave1864
1864 M. E. Braddon Doctor's Wife ii I may slave my life out, and there isn't one of you will..help me.
1880 M. E. Braddon Just as I Am xlix You will slave yourself to death.
1891 Harper's Mag. July 184/1 What a hideous place was Pentonville to slave away one's life in.
5. intransitive. To traffic in slaves. rare—1.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > specific types of trade > [verb (intransitive)] > trade in slaves
mangonize1602
slave1726
1726 Four Years Voy. Capt. G. Roberts 1 I made a contract..to buy a Cargo to slave with on the Coast of Guinea.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

slavev.2

Etymology: Related to sleave v. or slive v.1
Obsolete. rare.
intransitive. To tear away or split.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > break [verb (intransitive)] > crack, split, or cleave
chinea700
to-chinec725
cleavea1225
to-cleavec1275
rivec1330
to-slentc1380
to-sundera1393
cracka1400
rifta1400
chapc1420
crevec1450
break1486
slave?1523
chink1552
chop1576
coame1577
cone1584
slat1607
cleft1610
splita1625
checka1642
chicka1642
flaw1648
shale1712
vent1721
spalt1731
star1842
seam1880
tetter1911
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xliii That causeth the bowes to slaue downe the nether part.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xl Cutte the settes..a lytell from the yerth, the more halfe a sonder and to let it slaue downewarde, and nat vpwarde.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
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n.adj.c1300n.21789v.11559v.2?1523
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