† slavingn.¹

Etymology: < slave v.² + -ing suffix¹.

Obsolete^—1.

A slip of a tree; = sleaving n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > propagation of plants > [noun] > by cuttings > cutting or slip

planteOE

plantingeOE

quickwoodc1383

graffa1393

sarmenta1398

slivingc1400

springc1400

clavec1420

sleavingc1440

talionc1440

quick1456

quicking1469

graft1483

quickset1484

slip1495

setlingc1503

set1513

pitchset1519

slaving?1523

truncheon1572

stallon1587

crosset1600

marquot1600

sliver1604

secta1616

offset1629

slipping1638

side-slip1651

slift1657

cutting1691

pitcher1707

mallet-shoot1745

root cutting1784

stowing1788

stool1789

pitch1808

heel1822

cutling1834

piping1851

cutback1897

stump plant1953

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xli^v Dyuers apple trees that haue knottes in the bowes..and suche other y^t woll growe on slauynges.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online June 2019).

slavingn.²

Brit.

/ˈsleɪvɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈsleɪvɪŋ/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: slave v.², -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < slave v.² + -ing suffix¹.

†1. The action or fact of enslaving a person or thing; enslavement. Obsolete. rare.In quot. 1646 with reference to the enslavement of souls by the Devil.

1646 H. Lawrence Of Communion & Warre with Angels 98 There is nothing, hee [sc. the Divell] traines up his more in, then in contentions, and wayes of revenging themselves, to the utmost, the power of effecting which is ordinarily the reward, his sworne vassalls get for the slaving, and alienation of their soules and bodies.

2. The action or fact of working very hard (in later use, esp. for someone else); very arduous or tiring work; toil, labour.

c1690 Unthankful Servant (single sheet) I have Lawyers, young Merchants, fine Sparks of the Town, That I need not go slaving, and trudge up and down.

1780 Parl. Reg. 1775–80 XVII. 587 In vain, Sir, is all your slaving in the chair, and all your slaving on the treasury bench, unless the people are with you.

1868 Herald of Health Sept. 104/1 Let me have rest from all this toil and slaving Which has so worn me in the passing years.

1900 M. A. Cornelius White Flame lv. 346 Everything they ever give me for all my slaving was old rags like I've got on.

1999 G. W. Lockhart On Trail of Robert Service (rev. ed.) iv. 63 Now began what can only be described as weeks of slaving as Service was forced to exert himself more than he had ever done in his life.

2012 N. Thorne After Rain xii. 148 I couldn't stand it any more... I'd had enough of slaving with that worthless father of your sitting in a corner.

3. The action or practice of capturing, procuring, buying, or selling people as slaves. Now chiefly historical.Recorded earliest as a modifier; cf. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > specific types of trade > [noun] > trade in slaves

slave-trade1734

man-trade1760

man-merchandise1788

slave-dealing1835

slaving1862

1720 St. James's Post 12–15 Aug. Last Week two Sloops were Launch'd in the River for the Service of the African Company, being part of the 24 which are hastening out for the Slaving Trade.

1724 H. Jones Present State Virginia App. 143 Since the Plantations are so well stock'd with Slaves, and they breed and thrive there so prodigiously, the Company has not gained very exceedingly by slaving of late Years.

1862 J. Stewart in Stewart of Lovedale ix. 88 From the Zambesi to Lake Nyassa there is nothing but slaving.

1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 28 June 2/1 Though slaving was never our business, it did occasionally happen that we bought a few slaves.

1955 Afr. Today 2 4 The League of Nations investigated charges of slaving in the 1930s and found them to be founded in fact.

2020 William & Mary Q. 77 676 Scanlan analyzes British trade and colonization..with a focus on Sierra Leone and Britain's shifting interest from slaving to the production and export of agricultural products.

4. The control or regulation of one or more components in a system by another component. Cf. slave v.² 1d.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > control(s) > [noun] > control of another device

slaving1960

1948 Aeronaut. Engin. Rev. July 20/2 The automatic pilot provides a three-axis attitude reference, flux valve slaving of the directional gyroscope..and coupling between the A.A.F. Instrument Low Approach System and the automatic pilot.

1960 How TV Works ii. 17/2 This technique—known by the jargon of ‘slaving’—ensures that the programmes sent out from the transmitters are no less excellent in quality when they originate from very distant studios.

2022 @darren_olivier 28 Jan. in twitter.com (accessed 24 May 2022) South Africa..was one of the pioneers in the field, but the US was first to demonstrate head/helmet tracking and the slaving of the main gun and other weapons to it.

Compounds

As a modifier with the meaning ‘of, for, or relating to the procuring, buying, or selling of people as slaves; used in or associated with the slave trade’, as in slaving days, slaving expedition, slaving vessel, etc.

1720 St. James's Post 12–15 Aug. Last Week two Sloops were Launch'd in the River for the Service of the African Company, being part of the 24 which are hastening out for the Slaving Trade.

1836 in Corr. with Brit. Commissioners on Slave Trade (1837) 123 in Parl. Papers LIV. 1 A depôt existed at the Cape de Verde Islands for supplying slaving equipment to vessels from the port of Lisbon.

1875 H. McN. Dyer West Coast Afr. (1876) i. 8 Even during the slaving days our officers could land here, and the natives would furnish them with stock, and pretend to give them information of slaving operations in the river.

1956 J. H. Parry & P. M. Sherlock Short Hist. W. Indies vii. 108 The frequency with which the item ‘crimpage’ occurs in slaving accounts indicates the methods to which slavers often had to resort in order to make up their complement of seamen.

1991 A. Nikiforuk Fourth Horseman v. 81 Twenty slaving vessels made 210 trips a year, each carrying as many as 350 slaves.

2017 NWIG: New West Indian Guide 91 1 Around 1808, Spaniards' ability to outfit and successfully complete slaving expeditions to Africa paled in comparison to the skill of French and British slavers.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2022).

slavingadj.

Brit.

/ˈsleɪvɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈsleɪvɪŋ/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: slave v.², slave n., -ing suffix².

Etymology: Partly < slave v.² + -ing suffix², and partly < slave n. + -ing suffix².

1. That is enslaved; that works as a slave. Also (in extended use): that toils or works hard (cf. slave v.² 4).

ΘΠ

society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [adjective] > enslaved or in bondage

theowc888

thrall1297

bond1330

unfreec1380

servile1447

boundenc1480

thralled1527

bound1532

thirl1582

enthralled?1587

slaved1639

beslaved1656

enslaved1667

bondaged1790

unemancipated1811

the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [adjective] > laborious or toilsome > toiling

swinking?c1225

travailinga1398

drudging1548

toiling1552

toilsome1566

toilful1596

sweaty1603

droiling1607

carkingc1620

laboriferous1656

fagging1665

moiling1692

tewing1855

maulinga1864

bullocking1900

1679 T. Trapham Disc. Health Jamaica ii. 24 It was the Residence of the lazy Spaniards, who here contented themselves with easie pleasure, comitted their planting to the care of their slaving Negro's.

1706 E. Ward Hudibras Redivivus I. x. 8 A Welsh Thrummer's slaving Ass, That carr's his Harp from Place to Place.

1850 Bell's Life in London 24 Mar. 2/5 [They] are forced to look on themselves as not merely the toiling but as the slaving classes of the community.

1973 Econ. & Polit. Weekly 28 July 1355/2 Though the slaving population in Sahabad was less numerous than that in Behar, the life of the slaves was harsher.

1999 C. Berry Death of Downsizer v. 69 What Louise saw was an underground sweatshop where Simon Legree bosses housed their slaving workers.

2. That procures, transports, or buys and sells people as slaves; engaged in the slave trade. Also: of or relating to slavery.

ΘΠ

society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [adjective] > enslaving or using slave labour

enthralling1595

slave-holding1798

slave-owning1828

slave-driving1830

1840 Naut. Mag. Aug. 544 The slaving captains knowing by experience that it was only necessary to bring dollars and credit instead of merchandize as heretofore..rendered such traffic more secure.

1932 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 38 292 The French are not ordinarily thought of as falling in the category of the great slaving nations. Yet, from the testimony in the volume..Nantes was one of the most important of the European slaving centers.

1979 Internat. Jrnl. Afr. Hist. Stud. 12 510 Reasons for the ultimate demise of the Atlantic slaving system.

2021 Sunday Times (Nexis) 9 May The argument for another kind of reparation, payment from the slaving countries to impoverished Caribbean governments, grows louder all the time.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, December 2022).

n.¹?1523

n.²1646

adj.1679

单词	slaving
释义	† slavingn.¹ Etymology: < slave v.² + -ing suffix¹. Obsolete^—1. A slip of a tree; = sleaving n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > propagation of plants > [noun] > by cuttings > cutting or slip planteOE plantingeOE quickwoodc1383 graffa1393 sarmenta1398 slivingc1400 springc1400 clavec1420 sleavingc1440 talionc1440 quick1456 quicking1469 graft1483 quickset1484 slip1495 setlingc1503 set1513 pitchset1519 slaving?1523 truncheon1572 stallon1587 crosset1600 marquot1600 sliver1604 secta1616 offset1629 slipping1638 side-slip1651 slift1657 cutting1691 pitcher1707 mallet-shoot1745 root cutting1784 stowing1788 stool1789 pitch1808 heel1822 cutling1834 piping1851 cutback1897 stump plant1953 ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xli^v Dyuers apple trees that haue knottes in the bowes..and suche other y^t woll growe on slauynges. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online June 2019). slavingn.² Brit. /ˈsleɪvɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈsleɪvɪŋ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: slave v.², -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < slave v.² + -ing suffix¹. †1. The action or fact of enslaving a person or thing; enslavement. Obsolete. rare.In quot. 1646 with reference to the enslavement of souls by the Devil. Π 1646 H. Lawrence Of Communion & Warre with Angels 98 There is nothing, hee [sc. the Divell] traines up his more in, then in contentions, and wayes of revenging themselves, to the utmost, the power of effecting which is ordinarily the reward, his sworne vassalls get for the slaving, and alienation of their soules and bodies. 2. The action or fact of working very hard (in later use, esp. for someone else); very arduous or tiring work; toil, labour. Π c1690 Unthankful Servant (single sheet) I have Lawyers, young Merchants, fine Sparks of the Town, That I need not go slaving, and trudge up and down. 1780 Parl. Reg. 1775–80 XVII. 587 In vain, Sir, is all your slaving in the chair, and all your slaving on the treasury bench, unless the people are with you. 1868 Herald of Health Sept. 104/1 Let me have rest from all this toil and slaving Which has so worn me in the passing years. 1900 M. A. Cornelius White Flame lv. 346 Everything they ever give me for all my slaving was old rags like I've got on. 1999 G. W. Lockhart On Trail of Robert Service (rev. ed.) iv. 63 Now began what can only be described as weeks of slaving as Service was forced to exert himself more than he had ever done in his life. 2012 N. Thorne After Rain xii. 148 I couldn't stand it any more... I'd had enough of slaving with that worthless father of your sitting in a corner. 3. The action or practice of capturing, procuring, buying, or selling people as slaves. Now chiefly historical.Recorded earliest as a modifier; cf. Compounds. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > specific types of trade > [noun] > trade in slaves slave-trade1734 man-trade1760 man-merchandise1788 slave-dealing1835 slave-dealing1835 slaving1862 1720 St. James's Post 12–15 Aug. Last Week two Sloops were Launch'd in the River for the Service of the African Company, being part of the 24 which are hastening out for the Slaving Trade. 1724 H. Jones Present State Virginia App. 143 Since the Plantations are so well stock'd with Slaves, and they breed and thrive there so prodigiously, the Company has not gained very exceedingly by slaving of late Years. 1862 J. Stewart in Stewart of Lovedale ix. 88 From the Zambesi to Lake Nyassa there is nothing but slaving. 1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 28 June 2/1 Though slaving was never our business, it did occasionally happen that we bought a few slaves. 1955 Afr. Today 2 4 The League of Nations investigated charges of slaving in the 1930s and found them to be founded in fact. 2020 William & Mary Q. 77 676 Scanlan analyzes British trade and colonization..with a focus on Sierra Leone and Britain's shifting interest from slaving to the production and export of agricultural products. 4. The control or regulation of one or more components in a system by another component. Cf. slave v.² 1d. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > control(s) > [noun] > control of another device slaving1960 1948 Aeronaut. Engin. Rev. July 20/2 The automatic pilot provides a three-axis attitude reference, flux valve slaving of the directional gyroscope..and coupling between the A.A.F. Instrument Low Approach System and the automatic pilot. 1960 How TV Works ii. 17/2 This technique—known by the jargon of ‘slaving’—ensures that the programmes sent out from the transmitters are no less excellent in quality when they originate from very distant studios. 2022 @darren_olivier 28 Jan. in twitter.com (accessed 24 May 2022) South Africa..was one of the pioneers in the field, but the US was first to demonstrate head/helmet tracking and the slaving of the main gun and other weapons to it. Compounds As a modifier with the meaning ‘of, for, or relating to the procuring, buying, or selling of people as slaves; used in or associated with the slave trade’, as in slaving days, slaving expedition, slaving vessel, etc. Π 1720 St. James's Post 12–15 Aug. Last Week two Sloops were Launch'd in the River for the Service of the African Company, being part of the 24 which are hastening out for the Slaving Trade. 1836 in Corr. with Brit. Commissioners on Slave Trade (1837) 123 in Parl. Papers LIV. 1 A depôt existed at the Cape de Verde Islands for supplying slaving equipment to vessels from the port of Lisbon. 1875 H. McN. Dyer West Coast Afr. (1876) i. 8 Even during the slaving days our officers could land here, and the natives would furnish them with stock, and pretend to give them information of slaving operations in the river. 1956 J. H. Parry & P. M. Sherlock Short Hist. W. Indies vii. 108 The frequency with which the item ‘crimpage’ occurs in slaving accounts indicates the methods to which slavers often had to resort in order to make up their complement of seamen. 1991 A. Nikiforuk Fourth Horseman v. 81 Twenty slaving vessels made 210 trips a year, each carrying as many as 350 slaves. 2017 NWIG: New West Indian Guide 91 1 Around 1808, Spaniards' ability to outfit and successfully complete slaving expeditions to Africa paled in comparison to the skill of French and British slavers. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2022). slavingadj. Brit. /ˈsleɪvɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈsleɪvɪŋ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: slave v.², slave n., -ing suffix². Etymology: Partly < slave v.² + -ing suffix², and partly < slave n. + -ing suffix². 1. That is enslaved; that works as a slave. Also (in extended use): that toils or works hard (cf. slave v.² 4). ΘΠ society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [adjective] > enslaved or in bondage theowc888 thrall1297 bond1330 unfreec1380 servile1447 boundenc1480 thralled1527 bound1532 thirl1582 enthralled?1587 slaved1639 beslaved1656 enslaved1667 bondaged1790 unemancipated1811 the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [adjective] > laborious or toilsome > toiling swinking?c1225 travailinga1398 drudging1548 toiling1552 toilsome1566 toilful1596 sweaty1603 droiling1607 carkingc1620 laboriferous1656 fagging1665 moiling1692 tewing1855 maulinga1864 bullocking1900 1679 T. Trapham Disc. Health Jamaica ii. 24 It was the Residence of the lazy Spaniards, who here contented themselves with easie pleasure, comitted their planting to the care of their slaving Negro's. 1706 E. Ward Hudibras Redivivus I. x. 8 A Welsh Thrummer's slaving Ass, That carr's his Harp from Place to Place. 1850 Bell's Life in London 24 Mar. 2/5 [They] are forced to look on themselves as not merely the toiling but as the slaving classes of the community. 1973 Econ. & Polit. Weekly 28 July 1355/2 Though the slaving population in Sahabad was less numerous than that in Behar, the life of the slaves was harsher. 1999 C. Berry Death of Downsizer v. 69 What Louise saw was an underground sweatshop where Simon Legree bosses housed their slaving workers. 2. That procures, transports, or buys and sells people as slaves; engaged in the slave trade. Also: of or relating to slavery. ΘΠ society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [adjective] > enslaving or using slave labour enthralling1595 slave-holding1798 slave-holding1798 slave-owning1828 slave-owning1828 slave-driving1830 1840 Naut. Mag. Aug. 544 The slaving captains knowing by experience that it was only necessary to bring dollars and credit instead of merchandize as heretofore..rendered such traffic more secure. 1932 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 38 292 The French are not ordinarily thought of as falling in the category of the great slaving nations. Yet, from the testimony in the volume..Nantes was one of the most important of the European slaving centers. 1979 Internat. Jrnl. Afr. Hist. Stud. 12 510 Reasons for the ultimate demise of the Atlantic slaving system. 2021 Sunday Times (Nexis) 9 May The argument for another kind of reparation, payment from the slaving countries to impoverished Caribbean governments, grows louder all the time. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, December 2022). < n.¹?1523n.²1646adj.1679
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† slavingn.1

slavingn.2

Compounds

slavingadj.

† slavingn.¹

slavingn.²