单词 | sluggish |
释义 | sluggishadj. 1. a. Of persons: Indisposed to action or exertion; inclined to be slow or slothful; not easily moved to activity. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > [adjective] > sluggish or heavy slowOE sluggy?c1225 dull1393 slowfulc1400 sluggedc1430 sluggingc1430 slugc1440 sluggishc1450 lithera1500 peakish1519 lumpish1528 sopit1528 loiterous1566 slugring1566 drowsy1570 slow-bellied1576 snailish1581 blate1597 druggly1611 jacent1611 clammy1622 loggish1642 ignave1657 sliving1661 druggle-headed1694 slow-coachish1844 loggy1847 logy1859 tardigradous1866 tardigrade1883 the world > action or operation > manner of action > slowness of action or operation > [adjective] > specifically of persons slowc1300 sluggishc1450 tardious?1572 dreich1606 slowback1610 reluctant1797 tardigrade1813 the world > movement > rate of motion > slowness > [adjective] > tardy or sluggish > specifically of persons or animals slowc1300 sloth1412 sluggingc1430 sluggishc1450 sleuth1567 slowback1610 dilatorya1616 tardigradous1652 reluctant1797 c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 20 Fro thens furth, he was neuer slugissh to rise & go vnto Goddis serves. 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. vii. 18 Ne be he not slouthful, sluggyssh, ne slepy. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Prov. vi. A How longe wilt thou slepe, thou slogish man? 1581 J. Marbeck Bk. Notes & Common Places 1146 They were sluggish and sought not that which was for the edification of the people. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 429 The Turke, and the Irish-man, are the least industrious, and most sluggish liuers vnder the Sunne. 1678 N. Wanley Wonders Little World v. i. §90. 467/2 He was sluggish and careless. 1780 S. Johnson Let. 8 Apr. (1992) III. 233 I am indeed but a sluggish Correspondent. 1807 G. Chalmers Caledonia I. Pref. p. vii The scholars of Scotland remained sluggish, and silent. 1872 W. Bagehot Physics & Polit. (1876) 37 A sluggish Englishman will often catch the American look in a few years. b. Of animals; also spec. (see quot. 1884). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > by locomotion > [adjective] > sedentary sluggish1836 sedentary1851 sessile1860 1827 D. Johnson Sketches Indian Field Sports (ed. 2) 214 There is one kind of snake in India of a sluggish nature.] 1836 A. Combe Physiol. Digestion i. ii. 25 Compared with the torpid and sluggish reptile, the active..quadruped requires.. a much larger quantity of nutriment. 1884 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 241/1 The sluggish puff-adder (Clotho arietans) is common and very dangerous. 2. Of the mind, disposition, etc.: Characterized by or exhibiting lack of vigour, alertness, or energy; slow in apprehension or decision; dull. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupidity, dullness of intellect > [adjective] sloweOE stuntc960 dullOE hardOE stuntlyc1000 sotc1050 dillc1175 dulta1225 simplea1325 heavy1340 astonedc1374 sheepishc1380 dull-witteda1387 lourd1390 steerishc1411 ass-likea1425 brainless?a1439 deafc1440 sluggishc1450 short-witted1477 obtuse1509 peakish1519 wearish1519 deaf, or dumb as a beetle1520 doileda1522 gross1526 headlessa1530 stulty1532 ass-headed1533 pot-headed1533 stupid?1541 sheep's head1542 doltish1543 dumpish1545 assish1548 blockish1548 slow-witted1548 blockheaded1549 surd1551 dull-headed1552 hammer-headed1552 skit-brained?1553 buzzardly1561 witless1562 log-headeda1566 assy1566 sottish1566 dastardly1567 stupidious1567 beetle-headed1570 calvish1570 bluntish1578 cod's-headed1578 grout-headed1578 bedaft1579 dull-pated1580 blate1581 buzzard-like1581 long-eared1582 dullard1583 woodena1586 duncical1588 leaden-headed1589 buzzard1592 dorbellical1592 dunstical1592 heavy-headeda1593 shallow-brained1592 blunt-witted1594 mossy1597 Bœotian1598 clay-brained1598 fat1598 fat-witted1598 knotty-pated1598 stupidous1598 wit-lost1599 barren1600 duncifiedc1600 lourdish1600 stockish1600 thick1600 booby1603 leaden-pated1603 partless1603 thin-headed1603 leaden-skulledc1604 blockhead1606 frost-brained1606 ram-headed1608 beef-witted1609 insulse1609 leaden-spirited1609 asininec1610 clumse1611 blockheadly1612 wattle-headed1613 flata1616 logger-headeda1616 puppy-headeda1616 shallow-patedc1616 thick-brained1619 half-headed1621 buzzard-blinda1625 beef-brained1628 toom-headed1629 thick-witted1634 woollen-witted1635 squirrel-headed1637 clod-pated1639 lean-souled1639 muddy-headed1642 leaden-witteda1645 as sad as any mallet1645 under-headed1646 fat-headed1647 half-witted1647 insipid1651 insulsate1652 soft-headed1653 thick-skulleda1657 muddish1658 non-intelligent1659 whey-brained1660 sap-headed1665 timber-headed1666 leather-headeda1668 out of (one's) tree1669 boobily1673 thoughtless1673 lourdly1674 logger1675 unintelligenta1676 Bœotic1678 chicken-brained1678 under-witted1683 loggerhead1684 dunderheaded1692 unintelligible1694 buffle-headed1697 crassicc1700 numbskulled1707 crassous1708 doddy-polled1708 haggis-headed1715 niddy-noddy1722 muzzy1723 pudding-headed1726 sumphish1728 pitcher-souleda1739 duncey1743 hebete1743 chuckheaded1756 dumb1756 duncely1757 imbecile1766 mutton-headed1768 chuckle-headed1770 jobbernowl1770 dowfarta1774 boobyish1778 wittol1780 staumrel1787 opaquec1789 stoopid1791 mud-headed1793 borné1795 muzzy-headed1798 nog-headed1800 thick-headed1801 gypit1804 duncish1805 lightweight1809 numbskull1814 tup-headed1816 chuckle-pate1820 unintellectuala1821 dense1822 ninnyish1822 dunch1825 fozy1825 potato-headed1826 beef-headed1828 donkeyish1831 blockheadish1833 pinheaded1837 squirrel-minded1837 pumpkin-headed1838 tomfoolish1838 dundering1840 chicken-headed1842 like a bump on a log1842 ninny-minded1849 numbheadeda1852 nincompoopish1852 suet-brained1852 dolly1853 mullet-headed1853 sodden1853 fiddle-headed1854 numb1854 bovine1855 logy1859 crass1861 unsmart1861 off his chump1864 wooden-headed1865 stupe1866 lean-minded1867 duffing1869 cretinous1871 doddering1871 thick-head1873 doddling1874 stupido1879 boneheaded1883 woolly-headed1883 leaden-natured1889 suet-headed1890 sam-sodden1891 dopey1896 turnip-headed1898 bonehead1903 wool-witted1905 peanut-headed1906 peanut-brained1907 dilly1909 torpid-minded1909 retardate1912 nitwitted1917 meat-headed1918 mug1922 cloth-headed1925 loopy1925 nitwit1928 lame-brained1929 dead from the neck up1930 simpy1932 nail-headed1936 square-headed1936 dingbats1937 pinhead1939 dim-witted1940 pea-brained1942 clueless1943 lobotomized1943 retarded1949 pointy-headed1950 clottish1952 like a stunned mullet1953 silly (or crazy) as a two-bob watch1954 out to lunch1955 pin-brained1958 dozy1959 eejity1964 out of one's tiny mind1965 doofus1967 twitty1967 twittish1969 twatty1975 twattish1976 blur1977 dof1979 goofus1981 dickheaded1991 dickish1991 numpty1992 cockish1996 c1450 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi iii. iii Dedly mennes hertes waxe sluggussh [v.r. slugged]. a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 142 For sluggysch myndys lyve in cornarys & content themselfys wyth pryvate lyfe. 1560 Bp. J. Pilkington Aggeus the Prophete (1562) 88 That the mynde be not made sluggish by cromminge in meate. 1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes v. §10. 419 They..manifested thereby a luskish, sluggish disposition. 1663 S. Patrick Parable of Pilgrim (1687) 31 This will prepare you..to throw out the sluggish humour which is in all our natures. 1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 56. ⁋5 Men, whose perceptions are languid and sluggish. 1825 W. Scott Betrothed iii, in Tales Crusaders I. 38 Ill policy it is to plant such sluggish natures in our borders. 1871 L. Stephen Playground of Europe (1894) ix. 207 Sluggish imaginations require strong stimulants. 3. a. Of conditions, etc.: Characterized by want of, or disinclination to, action or exertion. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > [adjective] > sluggish or heavy > of conditions, etc. sloweOE unbaina1470 sluggish1561 1561 J. Hollybush tr. H. Brunschwig Most Excellent Homish Apothecarye f. 4v A slouggish or slepery disease. 1570 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xi. 111 Remuif all sluggische slewth away. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 446 This sluggish and idle husbandry. 1670 J. Milton Hist. Brit. vi. 249 Ethelred, whom no adversity could awake from his soft and sluggish life. 1788 J. Reynolds Disc. Royal Acad. 250 Either a vain confidence, or a sluggish despair. 1798 M. Edgeworth & R. L. Edgeworth Pract. Educ. I. iii. 92 It is of consequence to distinguish between slow and sluggish attention. 1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella III. ii. x. 26 A life of sluggish inaction. 1873 P. G. Hamerton Intellect. Life i. iii. 21 Each of us has a little cleverness and a great deal of sluggish stupidity. b. [Rendering of Russian stértaya (shizofreníya), worn, hackneyed (schizophrenia).] Designating an alleged type of schizophrenia ascribed to political or religious dissidents confined in state psychiatric hospitals in the U.S.S.R. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [adjective] > schizophrenia > types of schizophrenia hebephrenic1908 sluggish1977 1977 Sci. News 10 Sept. 165 ‘Even if one should accept the diagnosis of sluggish schizophrenia in these and similar cases,’ Chodoff said, ‘one must wonder why a disease without delusions, hallucinations or agitated behavior should require injections of chloropromazine (an antischizophrenic drug) for its treatment.’ 1978 Nature 4 May 6/2 Yet, when committed, Shikhanovich was diagnosed as a ‘psychopath with the possibility of the onset of sluggish schizophrenia’ (the latter ‘disease’, of course, being unknown to non-Soviet diagnosis). 1980 Prisoners of Conscience in USSR (Amnesty Internat.) (ed. 2) 184 Schizophrenia, often in its ‘sluggish’ form, has been the diagnosis most commonly made of dissenters. 4. a. Of things: Not readily stirring or moving; slow to stir, act, or make progress in any way. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > slowness of action or operation > [adjective] lateeOE slackc1000 slowc1225 heavya1400 lent14.. slowfulc1400 sloth1412 latesomea1425 sluggedc1430 sluggingc1430 tardy1483 lingeringa1547 tarde1547 sleuth1567 snailish1581 slow-moving1592 lagging1597 snail-paced1597 snail-slow1600 slow-pacing1616 snail-like1639 sluggish1640 ignave1657 languishing1693 slow-stepping1793 lentitudinous1801 somnolent1812 slow-coachish1844 tardigradous1866 vermigrade1938 slow-cooking1968 the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > [adjective] > sluggish or heavy > of things sullen1597 sluggish1640 sulky1889 1640 Bp. J. Wilkins Disc. New Planet (1707) ix. 250 Matter is of it self a dull and sluggish thing. 1692 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. vi. 33 This poor Atom, sluggish and unactive as it is, doth involve Necessity of Existence. 1763 C. Churchill Ghost iv. 173 The sluggish Oars suspended hung. 1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. 420 A very sluggish species of land is formed. 1827 G. Canning Poet. Wks. 3 Pale ivy throws its sluggish arms around. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 406 Bacon had sown the good seed in a sluggish soil and an ungenial season. 1897 Daily News 1 Apr. 2/6 Yarns are sluggish, and..the tendency in some directions favours buyers. b. Medicine. Of the pulse, liver, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > [adjective] > specific sluggish1843 the world > life > the body > vascular system > circulation > pulsation > [adjective] > types of pulsation slowa1398 stronga1398 throbbinga1450 systematical1658 long1671 natant1707 undose1707 vermiculose1707 exalted1742 salienta1791 inciduous1822 fluttering1834 sharp1843 sluggish1843 tricrotic1876 tricrotous1877 bounding1879 short1898 quadrigeminal1906 plateau1923 the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > intestines > [adjective] > motion of > sluggish sluggish1843 the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [adjective] > liver > slow or inactive sluggish1897 1843 R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. ix. 100 Sluggish and dilated, or else extremely contracted pupils. 1845 G. Budd On Dis. Liver 172 Pulse..sluggish, exceedingly compressible. 1845 G. Budd On Dis. Liver 317 The bowels are sluggish. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. IV. 25 A symptom of ‘sluggish liver’. c. Medicine. Slow in responding to treatment. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > [adjective] > slow to respond to treatment sluggish1899 the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > [adjective] > slow in responding to treatment sluggish1899 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 519 An effect similar to that of nitrate of silver in sluggish ulcers. 5. a. Moving, flowing, etc., very slowly or tardily; slow in movement. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > rate of motion > slowness > [adjective] > moving slowly slowa1398 slow-movingc1450 slow-bellied1554 lazya1568 slow-footed1587 slow-paced1594 leaden-footed1596 snaily1596 snail-paced1597 dragglinga1599 leaden-heeled1598 ambling1600 slow-foot1607 sluggisha1616 slow-pacing1616 tortoise-paced1623 slow-going1634 leaden-stepping1645 tardigradous1652 tardigrade1656 snail-crawleda1658 dawdling1773 loitering1791–2 slow-stepping1793 creepy1794 lugging1816 tortoise-footed1818 crawling1820 creepy-crawly1858 slowing1877 lead-foot1896 soodling1951 a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) iv. ii. 206 To shew what Coast thy sluggish c[r]are Might'st easilest harbour in. View more context for this quotation 1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 33 These Glass Drops..being exceedingly hot, and thereby of a kind of sluggish fluid Consistence. 1791 W. Gilpin Remarks Forest Scenery II. 147 The river dwindles into a sluggish, little, bull-rush stream. 1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II ii. xx. 71 To waste on sluggish hulks the sweetest breeze. 1842 J. Bischoff Comprehensive Hist. Woollen Manuf. II. 166 Germany being a flat country, and the rivers..sluggish. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 192 A hot mud which rolls down the hill in a sluggish stream. b. Of motion, etc.: Very slow or tardy. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > rate of motion > slowness > [adjective] > tardy or sluggish lateeOE latredec897 latelyOE slowfulc1400 latesomea1425 languoring?c1425 sluggedc1430 tardy1483 tediousc1485 hooly1513 longsome1543 lingeringa1547 tarde1547 slow-worm1548 tardious?1572 lagging1597 snail-slow1600 snail-paced1601 snail-like1639 languid1646 dilatory1648 sluggish1648 languishing1693 laggard1702 lentitudinous1801 laggardly1826 lag-last1862 slowpoke1872 1648 Bp. J. Wilkins Math. Magick i. xx. 141 That orb being the lowest of all, and consequently of a dull and sluggish motion. 1796 F. Burney Camilla V. ix. i. 2 His wry looks and sluggish pace always proclaimed his ill will to the task. 1826 G. Samouelle Gen. Direct. collecting Exotic Insects & Crustacea 38 The former have a sluggish flight. 1835 J. Duncan Nat. Hist. Beetles (Naturalist's Libr.: Entomol. II) 252 Its motions are so sluggish, that it may be said to drag itself along rather than walk. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 379 Their velocity is..contrasted with the sluggish pace of the continental posts. Compounds sluggish-minded, sluggish-moving adjs. ΚΠ 1851 A. Helps Compan. Solitude iii. 36 The most sluggish-minded man craves amusement. 1899 S. R. Crockett Black Douglas 68 The broad sluggish-moving river. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.c1450 |
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