slothn.¹

Brit.

/sləʊθ/, U.S.

/slɔθ/,

/sloʊθ/,

/slɑθ/

Forms: α. Middle English slauðe, Middle English slauþe, Middle English slaw(e)th(e, slauth (1500s slaughte). β. Middle English slouhðe, Middle English slouȝte, slougthe, Middle English sloughe, slought. γ. Middle English slouþe, Middle English–1500s slouthe, Middle English–1500s slouth; Middle English s(c)lowþe, Middle English slowthe, Middle English, 1600s slowth. δ. 1500s–1700s sloath. ε. Middle English slothe, 1500s– sloth.

Etymology: Early Middle English slāwð(e , slōwð(e , directly formed on slāw , slōw slow adj. in place of Old English slǽwð sleuth n.¹

a. Physical or mental inactivity; disinclination to action, exertion, or labour; sluggishness, idleness, indolence, laziness.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > sloth or laziness > [noun]

sleuthc888

sweernessc888

slacknessc897

unlustOE

aswolkenessc1000

slothc1175

sweeringa1300

sloth-head1303

unlusthead1340

nicetya1387

sluggardy1390

sluggardness1398

nicehead1440

musardryc1450

slugnessc1450

lashness1477

sweerdomc1480

truantness1483

passibilityc1485

sleuthfulness1488

sluggardry1513

slothfulness1526

sluggardise1532

luskishness1538

desidiousnessa1540

ocivity1550

restiness?c1550

niceness1557

laziness1580

easinessa1586

poltroonery1590

facility1615

pigritude1623

pigrity1623

otiosity1632

easefulnessa1639

dronishness1674

reasiness1679

indolence1710

accidity1730

indolency1741

lurgy1769

donothingness1814

far niente1819

oisivity1830

donothingism1839

dronage1846

lotus-eating1852

faineance1853

faineancy1854

bummerism1858

lazyhood1866

bone-laziness1875

sleevelessness1882

bummery1887

sluggardliness1977

α.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 19 Þe licome luuað muchele slauðe and muchele etinge.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13496 Stið-imodede men & swifte slauþe bidæled.

a1400–50 Alexander 4293 Surfet, surquidry, & slawth.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 178 For fele fautez may a freke forfete his blysse,..þen for slauþe one.

β. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 116 Ha wule schaken of hire slep of uuel slauðe.c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 200 Oure owene necligence & slouȝte.1437 Libel Eng. Policy in Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 187 Nowe here be ware..That for sloughe and for rach[l]eshede [etc.].1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) iv. 117 Me semeth that..slougthe is amonge vs.γ. 1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 344 We nolle sclepe in no sclowþe til we hem sclain haue.1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 15 Ofte is sen that mochel slowthe, Whan men ben drunken of the cuppe, Doth mochel harm.a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 42 Another ensaumple..of hem that for slouthe lessethe her masse.?1532 T. Elyot tr. Plutarch Educ. Children (new ed.) ii. sig. B For slouth destroyeth the power of nature.1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxxii. 214 Slouth and fulnes in peaceable times at home.δ. a1618 J. Sylvester tr. O. de la Nove Profit Imprisonm. 225 in Wks. (1880) II. 57 Not one of them will brook his Son in sloath to lurk.1628 W. Prynne Briefe Suruay Mr. Cozens 42 Their sloath and lasinesse is so great.1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 55 Himself did..Arts ordain; Nor suffer'd Sloath to rust his active Reign. ε. 1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. xvii. 298 To withdrawe men..from sloth.1606 T. Dekker Seuen Deadly Sinnes London iv. sig. E1 This nastie, and loathsome sin of Sloth.1648 Bp. J. Wilkins Math. Magick i. ii. 8 These arts..admit not either of sloth or wearinesse.1700 N. Rowe Ambitious Step-mother i. i Sloth and folly Shiver and shrink at sight of toil and hazard.1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 247 The same lazy but restless disposition, which loves sloth and hates quiet. 1847 J. Yeowell Chron. Anc. Brit. Church vii. 64 Ease has a natural tendency to engender sloth.1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. v. 404 Deposed by his subjects on account of his sloth and luxury.

b. Personified.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > sloth or laziness > [noun] > personified

sloth1362

slugc1425

1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. ii. 69 In al þe seruyse of Slouþe I sese hem to-gedere.

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 9 Bot Slowthe mai no profit winne, Bot he mai singe [etc.].

c1425 Cast. Persev. 898 in Macro Plays Lechery, Slawth, & Glotonye, to mans flesch ȝe are fendis Fre.

1609 T. Dekker Worke for Armorours sig. C3 Sloth, by reason that he is troubled with the gout, busies himselfe little with State matters.

1769 T. Gray Ode at Installation Duke of Grafton 4 Dreaming Sloth of pallid hue.

2. Slowness; tardiness.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > slowness of action or operation > [noun]

slacknessc1000

hoolinessa1340

latesomeness1357

slothc1380

lateshipc1390

slownessa1398

lateliness?c1400

sluggednessc1425

slugginessc1450

sluggishnessc1450

tardityc1450

lenta1500

ignavy1543

retardance1550

lingering1570

tardiness1608

lentitude1623

languidness1634

tediousness1691

lentora1763

slow-coaching1837

snailishness1905

the world > movement > rate of motion > slowness > [noun] > tardiness or sluggishness

hoolinessa1340

latesomeness1357

slothc1380

lateshipc1390

lateliness?c1400

sluggednessc1425

slugginessc1450

sluggishnessc1450

tardityc1450

ignavy1543

tardiness1608

lentitude1623

languidness1634

tediousness1691

lentora1763

tarditude1794

laggardness1869

c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 313 Þus many men for sich slowþe of sharp reprouyng synnen meche.

c1386 G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale 258 If it so be thou wolt with-outen slouthe Bileue aright.

c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Augustine (1910) 21 Augustin be-gan to accuse him-self sor..of þe slauth of his returne to God.

1629 J. Ford Lovers Melancholy v. 82 Wherefore drop thy words in such a sloth.

1729 G. Shelvocke, Jr. tr. K. Siemienowicz Great Art Artillery v. 379 [To] fill all his..Fuzes or Trains of Communication with a Composition whose Sloth he has been assured of.

1815 T. Jefferson Writings (1830) IV. 265 From sloth of proceedings, an embargo was permitted to run through the winter.

3. As a ‘proper term’, by later writers taken to mean: A company of bears (or erroneously, boars).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Ursidae (bear) > [noun] > collectively

slothc1452

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > [noun] > group Suiformes (hippos and pigs) > family Suidae (swine) > sus scrofa (wild boar and descendants) > wild boar > collectively

swineOE

sounderc1400

sloth1616

pig1874

c1452 in Trans. Philol. Soc. (1909) iii. 52 A Slouthe of Beerys.

c1452 in Trans. Philol. Soc. (1909) iii. 53 A slothe of bayris.

c1470 Hors, Shepe, & G. (1822) (Roxb.) 31 A slouth of beres. [Cf. sleuth n.¹ 1b.]

1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Slowth, a heard or company of wild Boares together.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 132/1 The Proper terms given to Beasts when they are in Companyes... Beares, a Slowth.

1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod 17 A sloth of bears.

a. An edentate arboreal mammal of a sluggish nature, inhabiting tropical parts of Central and South America.Two genera of sloths are recognized, viz. Bradypus, with three toes on the fore-feet, and Cholœpus with only two.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > order Edentata > [noun] > family Bradypodidae (sloth)

sloth1613

sluggard1668

lazya1682

tardigrade1827

bradypod1833

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 704 (note) The Spaniards call it..the light dog. The Portugals Sloth. The Indians, Hay.

1681 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis i. ii. i. 11 The Sloath... An Animal of so slow a motion, that he will be three or four days, at least, in climbing up and coming down a Tree.

1704 Nat. Hist. i, in L. Wafer New Voy. & Descr. Isthmus Amer. (ed. 2) 183 The Sloath. Is a very slow paced Animal, taking a whole Day in going fifty Paces.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth IV. 343 Of the sloth there are two different kinds, distinguished from each other by their claws.

1834 H. McMurtrie tr. G. Cuvier Animal Kingdom (abridged ed.) 93 The Sloths have cylindrical molars, and sharp canini longer than those molars.

1894–5 R. Lydekker Royal Nat. Hist. III. 207 Sloths are mainly nocturnal; and in their usual attitude they hang suspended back downwards.

figurative.1826 T. Hood Last Man 160 I..never was one of the sloths.1852 H. Rogers Eclipse of Faith 160 Man has been slowly crawling up, a very sloth in ‘progress’.., from the lowest Fetichism to Polytheism.

b. Applied, usually with distinguishing epithets, to other animals, as the sloth-bear, the koala or koolah, the slow lori or lemur, and the mylodon or megatherium.See also ground sloth n. at ground n. Compounds 2b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Implacenta > subclass Marsupialia (marsupials) > [noun] > family Phascolarctidae (koala)

sloth1791

koala1808

native bear1827

monkey1836

monkey bear1868

kangaroo-bear-

the world > animals > mammals > order Edentata > [noun] > family Bradypodidae (sloth) > extinct sloths

sloth1791

Megalonyx1796

gravigrade1847

ground sloth1860

the world > animals > mammals > order Primates > [noun] > member of suborder Prosimii (lemurs, etc.) > family Lorisidae > genus Nycticebus (slow loris)

slow-paced lemur1790

sloth1791

slow lemur1800

kukang1822

slow loris1824

loris1835

slow-paced loris1842

nycticebine1890

sloth-monkey1891

(a)

1791 G. Shaw Vivarium Naturæ, or Naturalist’s Misc. II. Pl. 58 The Ursine Bradypus, or Ursiform Sloth.

1793 T. Pennant Hist. Quadrupeds (ed. 3) II. 243 Ursiform Sloth with a long and strong nose, truncated at the end.

1800 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. I. i. 160 The Ursine Sloth is about the size of a Bear.

1827 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom II. 238 The Ursus Labiatus, placed erroneously by Pennant and others among the Sloths, under the name of the Ursine Sloth.

(b)1813 Hist. New S. Wales (1818) 432 The koolah or sloth is likewise an animal of the opossum species, with a false belly.1827 P. Cunningham Two Years New S. Wales I. xvii. 317 Our coola (sloth or native bear) is about the size of an ordinary poodle dog, with shaggy, dirty-coloured fur, no tail, and claws and feet like a bear.a1862 J. G. Wood Illustr. Nat. Hist. I. 468 The name of Australian Sloth..has been applied to it [the Koala, Phascolarctos cinereus] because it is able to cling with its feet to the branches after the manner of the sloths.(c)1824 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom (1827) I. 229 The Slow Loris, or Sloth of Bengal, (Lemur tardigradus, L.).1903 R. Lydekker Mostly Mammals 314 The name ‘sloth’ is not infrequently misapplied by travellers to the slow-lemurs of India and the Malay countries, or to their cousins the galagos of Africa.(d)1842 R. Owen (title) Description of the Skeleton of an Extinct Gigantic Sloth, Mylodon robustus.1842 R. Owen Descr. Skel. Mylodon 147 The osseous frame-work of the gigantic extinct Sloths.

c. A species of Protozoa (see quot. 1859).

ΚΠ

1859 P. H. Gosse Evenings Microscope (1877) 392 Two more species of this extensive genus [Euglena]..have received the appellations of the Pear (E. pyrum) and the Sloth (E. deses.)

Compounds

C1. sloth-jaundiced, sloth-loved, sloth-promoting, sloth-shunning adjs.

ΚΠ

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. vi. 220 What can be hard to a sloath-shunning Spirit..?

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. ii. 427 Downe in my sloath-lou'd bed againe I shrinke.

1744 ‘J. Love’ Cricket i. 6 Of Sloth-promoting Sports, forewarn'd beware!

1794 S. T. Coleridge Lines on Friend in Poems (1907) 27 Energic reason and a shaping mind... Sloth-jaundiced all!

C2. Special combinations.

sloth-animalcule n. (see quots.).

ΚΠ

1871 W. S. Dallas Carpenter's Zool. (rev. ed.) II. 230 A number of minute creatures, well known to microscopic observers as Sloth or Bear-Animalcules.

1889 P. Geddes & J. A. Thomson Evol. Sex vi. §5. 72 The degenerate water-bears or sloth-animalcules (Tardigrada).

sloth-bear n. an Indian species of bear ( Melursus labiatus or ursinus).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Ursidae (bear) > [noun] > genus Melursus (sloth-bear)

ursine sloth1800

sloth-bear1835

honey bear1856

1835 Penny Cycl. IV. 90/2 Labiated Bear, or Sloth Bear.

a1862 J. G. Wood Illustr. Nat. Hist. I. 407 The Aswail, or Sloth Bear.

1894 R. Lydekker Royal Nat. Hist. II. 26 The sloth-bear may be regarded as one of the most characteristic..mammals of India.

sloth-monkey n. the slow loris or lemur.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > order Primates > [noun] > member of suborder Prosimii (lemurs, etc.) > family Lorisidae > genus Nycticebus (slow loris)

slow-paced lemur1790

sloth1791

slow lemur1800

kukang1822

slow loris1824

loris1835

slow-paced loris1842

nycticebine1890

sloth-monkey1891

1891 Cent. Dict. (at cited word) Sloth-monkey.

1905 A. R. Wallace My Life I. xx. 324 The two species of Sloth-monkeys (pithecia) are found.

sloth-tree n. the South American trumpet-tree ( Cecropia peltata), whose leaves are eaten by the sloth.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > non-British timber trees > [noun] > of South America or West Indies

sweetwood1607

mastic1657

acajou1666

bastard locust tree1670

alligator wood1696

muskwood1696

lancewood1697

rodwood1716

cog-wood1725

soapwood1733

down tree?1740

pigeon plum1743

break-axe tree1756

horse-wood1756

loblolly whitewood1756

Spanish elm1756

trumpet-tree1756

ahuehuete1778

ocote1787

locust tree1795

Madeira wood1796

peroba1813

roble1814

louro1816

cecropia1824

purple heart1825

wallaba1825

trumpet-wood1836

gumbo-limbo1837

poui1838

quebracho1839

snake-wood1843

yacca1843

horseflesh wood1851

necklace tree1858

Honduras rosewood1860

turanira1862

softwood1864

wattle-wood1864

balsa tree1866

primavera1871

rauli1874

lemon-wood1879

wheel-tree1882

Spanish stopper1883

gurgeon-stopper1884

pinkwood-tree1884

stopper1884

sloth-tree1885

imbaubaa1893

Spanish cedar1907

amarant1909

Parana pine1916

imbuya1919

mastic-bully1920

banak1921

timbo1924

becuiba1934

1885 A. Brassey In Trades 29 Among them was the sloth tree (Cecropia), all arms and legs.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

slothv.

Brit.

/sləʊθ/, U.S.

/slɔθ/,

/sloʊθ/,

/slɑθ/

Forms: α. Middle English slawth. β. Middle English slowth (Middle English slowȝth), Middle English–1500s slouthe, 1600s– sloth.

Etymology: < sloth n.¹ Compare sleuth v.¹

Now rare.

†1.

a. transitive. To allow to slip through slothfulness or delay; to neglect. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > be careless or heedless of [verb (transitive)] > be remiss about > neglect or lose through sloth

forsloth1297

forslugc1315

sloth1390

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 2 Som time he slowtheth in a day That he nevere after gete mai.

1455 Rolls of Parl. V. 286/2 Diverses matiers..have be slowthed and throwen into grete..omission.

1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 11^v Slouthe nor delay not that thou must nedely execute.

1500 Will of William Catelyn (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/12) f. 104^v My tithes necligently forgoten or slowthed.

a1693 M. Bruce Good News in Evil Times (1707) 17 I do not bid you cast away your Callings nor Sloth them neither.

†b. To waste, pass away (time) in idleness.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > spending time > spend time or allow time to pass [verb (transitive)] > waste time

leese?c1225

losea1340

defer1382

wastea1400

slip1435

consumea1500

superexpend1513

slow?1522

sloth1523

to fode forth1525

slack1548

dree1584

sleuth1584

confound1598

spenda1604

to fret out1608

to spin out1608

misplace1609

spend1614

tavern1628

devast1632

to drill away, on, outa1656

dulla1682

to dally away1685

squander1693

to linger awaya1704

dangle1727

dawdle1768

slim1812

diddle1826

to run out the clock1957

the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > sloth or laziness > spend (time) in sloth or laziness [verb (transitive)]

sloth1523

dronea1538

slug1548

sleuth1584

truant1597

laze1661

saunter1672

lounge1757

loll1784

slim1812

lazy1885

1523 State P., Hen. VIII VI. 171 Whiche thinges must nedes geve the more occasion to thEmperour not to slouthe any time that may be taken for avauncement of this enterprise.

1676 J. Bunyan Strait Gate 69 The most of professors are for imbezzeling, mispending and slothing away their time.

2. intransitive. To be or become indolent or lazy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > sloth or laziness > be slothful or lazy [verb (intransitive)]

sleuthc1300

sloth1390

slotter1553

sloven1560

truant1580

drone1632

slubberc1820

sluggardize1837

to lie down1918

to dick off1948

schlump1953

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 116 Yit ne wol he noght travaile.., Bot slowtheth under such a drede.

c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 281 Þat þou schalt noȝt dullyn and slawthyn in þi labour of þi prayers.

1888 C. M. Doughty Trav. Arabia Deserta I. 279 Strenuous solitary men, whose unquiet mettle moves them from slothing in the tent's shadow to prowl as the wolf in the wilderness.

Derivatives

ˈslothing n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > [noun] > indiligence or remissness

slacknessc897

forswundennessc1175

sweeringa1300

lachesa1393

lachedness1484

indiligence1496

lachousness1496

slacking1542

remissness1570

dissoluteness1576

disassiduity1613

insedulity1679

slothingc1690

inapplication1721

c1690 Jas. Fraser in W. K. Tweedie Select Biogr. (1847) II. 239 Mispending of time, excess in lawful comforts, slothing of private duties.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	sloth
释义	slothn.¹ Brit. /sləʊθ/, U.S. /slɔθ/, /sloʊθ/, /slɑθ/ Forms: α. Middle English slauðe, Middle English slauþe, Middle English slaw(e)th(e, slauth (1500s slaughte). β. Middle English slouhðe, Middle English slouȝte, slougthe, Middle English sloughe, slought. γ. Middle English slouþe, Middle English–1500s slouthe, Middle English–1500s slouth; Middle English s(c)lowþe, Middle English slowthe, Middle English, 1600s slowth. δ. 1500s–1700s sloath. ε. Middle English slothe, 1500s– sloth. Etymology: Early Middle English slāwð(e , slōwð(e , directly formed on slāw , slōw slow adj. in place of Old English slǽwð sleuth n.¹ 1. a. Physical or mental inactivity; disinclination to action, exertion, or labour; sluggishness, idleness, indolence, laziness. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > sloth or laziness > [noun] sleuthc888 sweernessc888 slacknessc897 unlustOE aswolkenessc1000 slothc1175 sweeringa1300 sloth-head1303 unlusthead1340 nicetya1387 sluggardy1390 sluggardness1398 nicehead1440 musardryc1450 slugnessc1450 lashness1477 sweerdomc1480 truantness1483 passibilityc1485 sleuthfulness1488 sluggardry1513 slothfulness1526 sluggardise1532 luskishness1538 desidiousnessa1540 ocivity1550 restiness?c1550 niceness1557 laziness1580 easinessa1586 poltroonery1590 facility1615 pigritude1623 pigrity1623 otiosity1632 easefulnessa1639 dronishness1674 reasiness1679 indolence1710 accidity1730 indolency1741 lurgy1769 donothingness1814 far niente1819 oisivity1830 donothingism1839 dronage1846 lotus-eating1852 faineance1853 faineancy1854 bummerism1858 lazyhood1866 bone-laziness1875 sleevelessness1882 bummery1887 sluggardliness1977 α. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 19 Þe licome luuað muchele slauðe and muchele etinge. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13496 Stið-imodede men & swifte slauþe bidæled. a1400–50 Alexander 4293 Surfet, surquidry, & slawth. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 178 For fele fautez may a freke forfete his blysse,..þen for slauþe one. β. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 116 Ha wule schaken of hire slep of uuel slauðe.c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 200 Oure owene necligence & slouȝte.1437 Libel Eng. Policy in Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 187 Nowe here be ware..That for sloughe and for rach[l]eshede [etc.].1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) iv. 117 Me semeth that..slougthe is amonge vs.γ. 1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 344 We nolle sclepe in no sclowþe til we hem sclain haue.1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 15 Ofte is sen that mochel slowthe, Whan men ben drunken of the cuppe, Doth mochel harm.a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 42 Another ensaumple..of hem that for slouthe lessethe her masse.?1532 T. Elyot tr. Plutarch Educ. Children (new ed.) ii. sig. B For slouth destroyeth the power of nature.1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxxii. 214 Slouth and fulnes in peaceable times at home.δ. a1618 J. Sylvester tr. O. de la Nove Profit Imprisonm. 225 in Wks. (1880) II. 57 Not one of them will brook his Son in sloath to lurk.1628 W. Prynne Briefe Suruay Mr. Cozens 42 Their sloath and lasinesse is so great.1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 55 Himself did..Arts ordain; Nor suffer'd Sloath to rust his active Reign. View more context for this quotationε. 1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. xvii. 298 To withdrawe men..from sloth.1606 T. Dekker Seuen Deadly Sinnes London iv. sig. E1 This nastie, and loathsome sin of Sloth.1648 Bp. J. Wilkins Math. Magick i. ii. 8 These arts..admit not either of sloth or wearinesse.1700 N. Rowe Ambitious Step-mother i. i Sloth and folly Shiver and shrink at sight of toil and hazard.1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 247 The same lazy but restless disposition, which loves sloth and hates quiet. View more context for this quotation1847 J. Yeowell Chron. Anc. Brit. Church vii. 64 Ease has a natural tendency to engender sloth.1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. v. 404 Deposed by his subjects on account of his sloth and luxury. b. Personified. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > sloth or laziness > [noun] > personified sloth1362 slugc1425 1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. ii. 69 In al þe seruyse of Slouþe I sese hem to-gedere. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 9 Bot Slowthe mai no profit winne, Bot he mai singe [etc.]. c1425 Cast. Persev. 898 in Macro Plays Lechery, Slawth, & Glotonye, to mans flesch ȝe are fendis Fre. 1609 T. Dekker Worke for Armorours sig. C3 Sloth, by reason that he is troubled with the gout, busies himselfe little with State matters. 1769 T. Gray Ode at Installation Duke of Grafton 4 Dreaming Sloth of pallid hue. 2. Slowness; tardiness. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > slowness of action or operation > [noun] slacknessc1000 hoolinessa1340 latesomeness1357 slothc1380 lateshipc1390 slownessa1398 lateliness?c1400 sluggednessc1425 slugginessc1450 sluggishnessc1450 tardityc1450 lenta1500 ignavy1543 retardance1550 lingering1570 tardiness1608 lentitude1623 languidness1634 tediousness1691 lentora1763 slow-coaching1837 snailishness1905 the world > movement > rate of motion > slowness > [noun] > tardiness or sluggishness hoolinessa1340 latesomeness1357 slothc1380 lateshipc1390 lateliness?c1400 sluggednessc1425 slugginessc1450 sluggishnessc1450 tardityc1450 ignavy1543 tardiness1608 lentitude1623 languidness1634 tediousness1691 lentora1763 tarditude1794 laggardness1869 c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 313 Þus many men for sich slowþe of sharp reprouyng synnen meche. c1386 G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale 258 If it so be thou wolt with-outen slouthe Bileue aright. c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Augustine (1910) 21 Augustin be-gan to accuse him-self sor..of þe slauth of his returne to God. 1629 J. Ford Lovers Melancholy v. 82 Wherefore drop thy words in such a sloth. 1729 G. Shelvocke, Jr. tr. K. Siemienowicz Great Art Artillery v. 379 [To] fill all his..Fuzes or Trains of Communication with a Composition whose Sloth he has been assured of. 1815 T. Jefferson Writings (1830) IV. 265 From sloth of proceedings, an embargo was permitted to run through the winter. 3. As a ‘proper term’, by later writers taken to mean: A company of bears (or erroneously, boars). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Ursidae (bear) > [noun] > collectively slothc1452 the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > [noun] > group Suiformes (hippos and pigs) > family Suidae (swine) > sus scrofa (wild boar and descendants) > wild boar > collectively swineOE sounderc1400 sloth1616 pig1874 c1452 in Trans. Philol. Soc. (1909) iii. 52 A Slouthe of Beerys. c1452 in Trans. Philol. Soc. (1909) iii. 53 A slothe of bayris. c1470 Hors, Shepe, & G. (1822) (Roxb.) 31 A slouth of beres. [Cf. sleuth n.¹ 1b.] 1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Slowth, a heard or company of wild Boares together. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 132/1 The Proper terms given to Beasts when they are in Companyes... Beares, a Slowth. 1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod 17 A sloth of bears. 4. a. An edentate arboreal mammal of a sluggish nature, inhabiting tropical parts of Central and South America.Two genera of sloths are recognized, viz. Bradypus, with three toes on the fore-feet, and Cholœpus with only two. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > order Edentata > [noun] > family Bradypodidae (sloth) sloth1613 sluggard1668 lazya1682 tardigrade1827 bradypod1833 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 704 (note) The Spaniards call it..the light dog. The Portugals Sloth. The Indians, Hay. 1681 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis i. ii. i. 11 The Sloath... An Animal of so slow a motion, that he will be three or four days, at least, in climbing up and coming down a Tree. 1704 Nat. Hist. i, in L. Wafer New Voy. & Descr. Isthmus Amer. (ed. 2) 183 The Sloath. Is a very slow paced Animal, taking a whole Day in going fifty Paces. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth IV. 343 Of the sloth there are two different kinds, distinguished from each other by their claws. 1834 H. McMurtrie tr. G. Cuvier Animal Kingdom (abridged ed.) 93 The Sloths have cylindrical molars, and sharp canini longer than those molars. 1894–5 R. Lydekker Royal Nat. Hist. III. 207 Sloths are mainly nocturnal; and in their usual attitude they hang suspended back downwards. figurative.1826 T. Hood Last Man 160 I..never was one of the sloths.1852 H. Rogers Eclipse of Faith 160 Man has been slowly crawling up, a very sloth in ‘progress’.., from the lowest Fetichism to Polytheism. b. Applied, usually with distinguishing epithets, to other animals, as the sloth-bear, the koala or koolah, the slow lori or lemur, and the mylodon or megatherium.See also ground sloth n. at ground n. Compounds 2b. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Implacenta > subclass Marsupialia (marsupials) > [noun] > family Phascolarctidae (koala) sloth1791 koala1808 native bear1827 monkey1836 monkey bear1868 kangaroo-bear- the world > animals > mammals > order Edentata > [noun] > family Bradypodidae (sloth) > extinct sloths sloth1791 Megalonyx1796 gravigrade1847 ground sloth1860 the world > animals > mammals > order Primates > [noun] > member of suborder Prosimii (lemurs, etc.) > family Lorisidae > genus Nycticebus (slow loris) slow-paced lemur1790 sloth1791 slow lemur1800 kukang1822 slow loris1824 loris1835 slow-paced loris1842 nycticebine1890 sloth-monkey1891 (a) 1791 G. Shaw Vivarium Naturæ, or Naturalist’s Misc. II. Pl. 58 The Ursine Bradypus, or Ursiform Sloth. 1793 T. Pennant Hist. Quadrupeds (ed. 3) II. 243 Ursiform Sloth with a long and strong nose, truncated at the end. 1800 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. I. i. 160 The Ursine Sloth is about the size of a Bear. 1827 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom II. 238 The Ursus Labiatus, placed erroneously by Pennant and others among the Sloths, under the name of the Ursine Sloth. (b)1813 Hist. New S. Wales (1818) 432 The koolah or sloth is likewise an animal of the opossum species, with a false belly.1827 P. Cunningham Two Years New S. Wales I. xvii. 317 Our coola (sloth or native bear) is about the size of an ordinary poodle dog, with shaggy, dirty-coloured fur, no tail, and claws and feet like a bear.a1862 J. G. Wood Illustr. Nat. Hist. I. 468 The name of Australian Sloth..has been applied to it [the Koala, Phascolarctos cinereus] because it is able to cling with its feet to the branches after the manner of the sloths.(c)1824 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom (1827) I. 229 The Slow Loris, or Sloth of Bengal, (Lemur tardigradus, L.).1903 R. Lydekker Mostly Mammals 314 The name ‘sloth’ is not infrequently misapplied by travellers to the slow-lemurs of India and the Malay countries, or to their cousins the galagos of Africa.(d)1842 R. Owen (title) Description of the Skeleton of an Extinct Gigantic Sloth, Mylodon robustus.1842 R. Owen Descr. Skel. Mylodon 147 The osseous frame-work of the gigantic extinct Sloths. c. A species of Protozoa (see quot. 1859). ΚΠ 1859 P. H. Gosse Evenings Microscope (1877) 392 Two more species of this extensive genus [Euglena]..have received the appellations of the Pear (E. pyrum) and the Sloth (E. deses.) Compounds C1. sloth-jaundiced, sloth-loved, sloth-promoting, sloth-shunning adjs. ΚΠ 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. vi. 220 What can be hard to a sloath-shunning Spirit..? 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. ii. 427 Downe in my sloath-lou'd bed againe I shrinke. 1744 ‘J. Love’ Cricket i. 6 Of Sloth-promoting Sports, forewarn'd beware! 1794 S. T. Coleridge Lines on Friend in Poems (1907) 27 Energic reason and a shaping mind... Sloth-jaundiced all! C2. Special combinations. sloth-animalcule n. (see quots.). ΚΠ 1871 W. S. Dallas Carpenter's Zool. (rev. ed.) II. 230 A number of minute creatures, well known to microscopic observers as Sloth or Bear-Animalcules. 1889 P. Geddes & J. A. Thomson Evol. Sex vi. §5. 72 The degenerate water-bears or sloth-animalcules (Tardigrada). sloth-bear n. an Indian species of bear ( Melursus labiatus or ursinus). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Ursidae (bear) > [noun] > genus Melursus (sloth-bear) ursine sloth1800 sloth-bear1835 honey bear1856 1835 Penny Cycl. IV. 90/2 Labiated Bear, or Sloth Bear. a1862 J. G. Wood Illustr. Nat. Hist. I. 407 The Aswail, or Sloth Bear. 1894 R. Lydekker Royal Nat. Hist. II. 26 The sloth-bear may be regarded as one of the most characteristic..mammals of India. sloth-monkey n. the slow loris or lemur. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > order Primates > [noun] > member of suborder Prosimii (lemurs, etc.) > family Lorisidae > genus Nycticebus (slow loris) slow-paced lemur1790 sloth1791 slow lemur1800 kukang1822 slow loris1824 loris1835 slow-paced loris1842 nycticebine1890 sloth-monkey1891 1891 Cent. Dict. (at cited word) Sloth-monkey. 1905 A. R. Wallace My Life I. xx. 324 The two species of Sloth-monkeys (pithecia) are found. sloth-tree n. the South American trumpet-tree ( Cecropia peltata), whose leaves are eaten by the sloth. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > non-British timber trees > [noun] > of South America or West Indies sweetwood1607 mastic1657 acajou1666 bastard locust tree1670 bastard locust tree1670 alligator wood1696 muskwood1696 lancewood1697 rodwood1716 cog-wood1725 soapwood1733 down tree?1740 pigeon plum1743 break-axe tree1756 horse-wood1756 loblolly whitewood1756 Spanish elm1756 trumpet-tree1756 ahuehuete1778 ocote1787 locust tree1795 Madeira wood1796 peroba1813 roble1814 louro1816 cecropia1824 purple heart1825 wallaba1825 trumpet-wood1836 gumbo-limbo1837 poui1838 quebracho1839 snake-wood1843 yacca1843 horseflesh wood1851 necklace tree1858 Honduras rosewood1860 turanira1862 softwood1864 wattle-wood1864 balsa tree1866 primavera1871 rauli1874 lemon-wood1879 wheel-tree1882 Spanish stopper1883 gurgeon-stopper1884 pinkwood-tree1884 stopper1884 sloth-tree1885 imbaubaa1893 Spanish cedar1907 amarant1909 Parana pine1916 imbuya1919 mastic-bully1920 banak1921 timbo1924 becuiba1934 1885 A. Brassey In Trades 29 Among them was the sloth tree (Cecropia), all arms and legs. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † slothn.² Forms: Also slothe. Etymology: apparently an alteration of slogh slough n.¹ The examples are East Anglian. Obsolete. A miry or muddy place; a slough. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > marsh, bog, or swamp > [noun] > wet place, mire, or slough sloughc900 mooreOE letch1138 mire1219 sougha1300 dew1377 slop?a1400 flashc1440 slothc1440 slonk1488 slot?a1500 rilling1610 slab1610 water-gall1657 slunkc1700 slack1719 mudhole1721 bog-hole1788 spew1794 wetness1805 stabble1821 slob1836 sludge1839 soak1839 mudbath1856 squire-trap1859 loblolly1865 glue-pot1892 swelter1894 poaching1920 c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 460/1 Slothe, where fowle water stondythe, lacuna. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 460/1 Slothe, where swyne or oþer bestys han dwellyd, volutabrum. 1447 O. Bokenham Lyvys Seyntys (1835) 125 But thi goddys..Or ben of bras..Or ellys of stonys wych in a sloth to laye Wer bettyr to skepyn from the foul weye. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2021). † slothadj. Forms: Also Middle English slouth(e, slought. Etymology: < sloth n.¹ Compare sleuth adj.¹ Obsolete. rare. Slothful, slow. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > slowness of action or operation > [adjective] lateeOE slackc1000 slowc1225 heavya1400 lent14.. slowfulc1400 sloth1412 latesomea1425 sluggedc1430 sluggingc1430 tardy1483 lingeringa1547 tarde1547 sleuth1567 snailish1581 slow-moving1592 lagging1597 snail-paced1597 snail-slow1600 slow-pacing1616 snail-like1639 sluggish1640 ignave1657 languishing1693 slow-stepping1793 lentitudinous1801 somnolent1812 slow-coachish1844 tardigradous1866 vermigrade1938 slow-cooking1968 the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > sloth or laziness > [adjective] sweerc725 foridledc1230 idlea1300 faintc1325 recrayed1340 slewful1340 nicea1398 sleuthya1400 delicate?c1400 sleuthfulc1400 slothfulc1400 sloth1412 lurdanc1480 luskinga1500 luskish15.. droning1509 bumbard?a1513 slottery1513 desidiousa1540 lazy1549 slovening1549 truanta1550 sleuth1567 litherly1573 truantly1579 dronish1580 lubberly1580 truant-like1583 shiftless1584 sluggard1594 fat1598 lusky1604 sweatless1606 clumse1611 easeful1611 loselly1611 do-littlea1613 sluggardisha1627 pigritious1638 drony1653 murcid1656 thokisha1682 shammockinga1704 indolent1710 huddroun1721 nothing-doing1724 desidiose1727 lusk1775 slack-twisted1794 sweert1817 bone-lazya1825 lurgy1828 straight-backed1830 do-nothing1832 slobbish1833 bone idle1836 slouch1837 lotophagous1841 shammocky1841 bein1847 thoky1847 lotus-eating1852 fainéant1855 sluggardly1865 lazy-boned1875 do-naught1879 easy-going1879 lazyish1892 slobbed1962 the world > movement > rate of motion > slowness > [adjective] > tardy or sluggish > specifically of persons or animals slowc1300 sloth1412 sluggingc1430 sluggishc1450 sleuth1567 slowback1610 dilatorya1616 tardigradous1652 reluctant1797 1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy i. 3646 Of þe future slouth and necligent. c1450 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 367 A! ȝe fonnys and slought of herte For to beleve in holy Scrypture. 1549 T. Solme in H. Latimer 2nd Serm. before Kynges Maiestie To Rdr. sig. Aiii^v God is a good God,..and very sloth to reuenge hys blasphemie. 1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iii. 59 What are yee growne so sloth? This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2021). slothv. Brit. /sləʊθ/, U.S. /slɔθ/, /sloʊθ/, /slɑθ/ Forms: α. Middle English slawth. β. Middle English slowth (Middle English slowȝth), Middle English–1500s slouthe, 1600s– sloth. Etymology: < sloth n.¹ Compare sleuth v.¹ Now rare. †1. a. transitive. To allow to slip through slothfulness or delay; to neglect. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > be careless or heedless of [verb (transitive)] > be remiss about > neglect or lose through sloth forsloth1297 forslugc1315 sloth1390 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 2 Som time he slowtheth in a day That he nevere after gete mai. 1455 Rolls of Parl. V. 286/2 Diverses matiers..have be slowthed and throwen into grete..omission. 1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 11^v Slouthe nor delay not that thou must nedely execute. 1500 Will of William Catelyn (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/12) f. 104^v My tithes necligently forgoten or slowthed. a1693 M. Bruce Good News in Evil Times (1707) 17 I do not bid you cast away your Callings nor Sloth them neither. †b. To waste, pass away (time) in idleness. ΘΚΠ the world > time > spending time > spend time or allow time to pass [verb (transitive)] > waste time leese?c1225 losea1340 defer1382 wastea1400 slip1435 consumea1500 superexpend1513 slow?1522 sloth1523 to fode forth1525 slack1548 dree1584 sleuth1584 confound1598 spenda1604 to fret out1608 to spin out1608 misplace1609 spend1614 tavern1628 devast1632 to drill away, on, outa1656 dulla1682 to dally away1685 squander1693 to linger awaya1704 dangle1727 dawdle1768 slim1812 diddle1826 to run out the clock1957 the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > sloth or laziness > spend (time) in sloth or laziness [verb (transitive)] sloth1523 dronea1538 slug1548 sleuth1584 truant1597 laze1661 saunter1672 lounge1757 loll1784 slim1812 lazy1885 1523 State P., Hen. VIII VI. 171 Whiche thinges must nedes geve the more occasion to thEmperour not to slouthe any time that may be taken for avauncement of this enterprise. 1676 J. Bunyan Strait Gate 69 The most of professors are for imbezzeling, mispending and slothing away their time. 2. intransitive. To be or become indolent or lazy. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > sloth or laziness > be slothful or lazy [verb (intransitive)] sleuthc1300 sloth1390 slotter1553 sloven1560 truant1580 drone1632 slubberc1820 sluggardize1837 to lie down1918 to dick off1948 schlump1953 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 116 Yit ne wol he noght travaile.., Bot slowtheth under such a drede. c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 281 Þat þou schalt noȝt dullyn and slawthyn in þi labour of þi prayers. 1888 C. M. Doughty Trav. Arabia Deserta I. 279 Strenuous solitary men, whose unquiet mettle moves them from slothing in the tent's shadow to prowl as the wolf in the wilderness. Derivatives ˈslothing n. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > [noun] > indiligence or remissness slacknessc897 forswundennessc1175 sweeringa1300 lachesa1393 lachedness1484 indiligence1496 lachousness1496 slacking1542 remissness1570 dissoluteness1576 disassiduity1613 insedulity1679 slothingc1690 inapplication1721 c1690 Jas. Fraser in W. K. Tweedie Select Biogr. (1847) II. 239 Mispending of time, excess in lawful comforts, slothing of private duties. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹c1175n.²c1440adj.1412v.1390
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slothn.1

Compounds

† slothn.2

† slothadj.

slothv.

Derivatives

slothn.¹

† slothn.²