| 释义 |
smeekn. Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: smeech n. Etymology: Variant of smeech n. Compare earlier smeek v.The presence of velar /k/ in these forms is probably the result of both analogical levelling within the paradigm in Old English from forms where assibilation did not take place before a back vowel and the influence of smeek v. Compare reek n.1 With the β. forms perhaps compare the Old English (Mercian) form smikende at smeek v. Forms. Chiefly Scottish in later use. 1. the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > products of burning > [noun] > smoke α. c1175 ( Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine (1993) 202 Þeo oferlufe eorþlice ȝestreonæ..bið smeke ilic, oððe rænæs scuræs. c1175 (Burchfield transcript) l. 1088 Tær wass swa mikell smec. Off recless att tatt allterr. ?c1250 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Egerton) l. 18 in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 288 (MED) Ne myht ic isen be-fore me for smeke ne for myste. c1350 (Harl. 874) (1961) 59 (MED) Þe smeek of þe orisouns & of þe praiers [Fr. la fumee del encens de oreisuns] of alle halewen went up in to þe Aungels honde bifore god. c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring (1891) xvii. 10 (MED) Smeke mounted up yn hys wraþe, and fur brent of hys face. a1400 (c1300) Serm. on Gospels (Coll. Phys.) in J. Small (1862) 104 Rekeles..gifs smek that smelles wele, And fer men mai the smek fele. tr. Palladius (Duke Humfrey) (1896) vii. l. 69 Yf the smeke Perpetuel vppon their dwellyng reke. a1500 (a1460) (1994) I. ii. 20 Cam..Thy tend shuld bren withoutten smeke. c1600 A. Montgomerie (2000) I. 112 I grein to sie the sillie smiddy smeik. a1774 R. Fergusson (1785) 161 Heath'ry trufs the chimley fill, And gar their thick'ning smeek salute the lift. 1786 R. Burns (1968) I. 103 The spewing reek, That fill'd, wi' hoast-provoking smeek, The auld, clay biggin. 1828 P. Buchan II. 74 Thro' this reek, and thro' this smeek. 1878 J. L. Robertson 60 Envelop'd in a cludd o' smeek. 1910 J. Lee 80 They flee, to 'scape the smeek an' soot. 1983 W. L. Lorimer & R. L. C. Lorimer Rev. viii. 428 Belyve the smeik o the incense gaed up frae the Angel's haund. ?2002 I. W. D. Forde ii. i. 128 A smouchterin clud o smeik an coum rouved out, smourin an blakkenin thaim. the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > products of burning > [noun] > smoke a1225 (c1200) (1888) 129 Hwanene cumeð manies kennes smekes of unþolemodnesse. a1525 (a1500) Sc. Troy Bk. (Douce) l. 856 in C. Horstmann (1882) II. 252 With qlk birnyng now It reikis, As wele apperis by þe smeikis. the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fetor > [noun] > fetid smells ?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac (Paris) (1971) 289 (MED) After..his malice is encresed so þat it rote..þe flesche in leuynge vneuene and scharpe plottes fro the whiche a stynkynge and cariowny smeke is arered, it is cleped a roten and a gyleful vlcer. c1475 (?c1425) (1984) l. 236 So nyȝe discumford was hee For smelle oþer smekis. 1882 J. Longmuir & D. Donaldson (rev. ed.) IV. 303/2 I canna bide the smeek o't. 1887 J. Service 109 Raising such a smeek and stink of brumstane. Compounds the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preserving or pickling > [noun] > place for curing, smoking, or salting a1225 (c1200) (1888) 129 Ðe þu wunest on ðe smec-huse of ðine likame. 1919 13 Feb. 551/3 Some persons still prefer the old method of bleaching with brimstone, which is carried out..in a small, detached wooden building, commonly termed a smoke or ‘smeek’ house. Derivatives ?c1450 in (1896) 18 330 Dun-red is his flour, þe erbe smek lik in colour. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). smeekv.Origin: Probably a word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Probably cognate with Middle Dutch smieken to smoulder, to emit smoke (in isolated attestation; perhaps compare Dutch parallels cited at smook v.), German regional (Bavaria) schmiehen to smoulder, to turn into ash (in apparently isolated attestation, probably for schmiechen ; compare the German parallels cited at smoke n., smoke v.) < an ablaut variant (e -grade) of the Germanic base of smoke v. (which shows zero-grade of the base).In Old English a strong verb of Class II. Forms of the plural past tense and of the past participle are not attested in Old English and no strong forms survive in Middle English, where the verb is conjugated weak. (In Dutch and German (only the present tense is attested)) Compare also the corresponding Old English weak Class I verb smīecan (Anglian smēcan ), a causative formation from the same Germanic base as the strong verb (o -grade; compare early modern German schmäuchen and the other West Germanic parallels cited at smoke v., although it is possible that some of these verbs may represent later denominative formations (compare West Germanic forms at smeech n.). Although Old English smīecan was originally the transitive counterpart to intransitive smēocan , it (like the latter) is attested in both transitive and intransitive use (compare similar developments discussed at reek v.1). Compare:eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) cxliii. 6 Tange montes et fumigabunt : gehrin muntas & hie smicað.eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) i. xxiii. 65 Wiþ þeohece smice mid fearne swiþe þa þeoh.eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) i. lxxi. 146 Nim gate hær, smecunder þa brec wiþ þæs rægereosan. The Middle English reflex of both Old English verbs smēocan and smīecan would be expected to show the stem vowel long close ē , but the latter in addition should show palatalization and assibilation of the stem-final consonant, although this is not evident in the Old English spelling (compare smeech n. and later smeech v.). It has been suggested that the lack of strong past tense forms for smeek v. in Middle English is due to the influence of Old English smīecan (compare the merger discussed at reek v.1). However, the general rarity of non-present forms in early use makes the likelihood of this difficult to assess. The Old English (Mercian) present participle form smikende apparently shows sporadic Anglian smoothing of ēo to ī (rather than expected ē); see A. Campbell Old Eng. Gram. (1959) §227. Scottish in later use. the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > products of burning > [verb (intransitive)] > emit smoke OE tr. (Vitell.) iii. 244 Wið nædrena afligenge, heortes mearh gebærned oðþæt hyt smeoce. OE (Claud.) xix. 18 Eal Sinai munt smeac [L. fumabat]..& se smic aras of him. a1382 (Bodl. 959) (1965) Psalms cxliii. 5 Lord bowe doun þyn heuenes & cum doun: touche þe mounteynes & þei shul smeken. c1425 J. Lydgate (Augustus A.iv) i. l. 4380 (MED) For hatred olde to brenne can nat lete With new flawme..Ȝif it nat smeke, it is þe more drede. (Harl. 221) 460 Smekyn, or smokyn, fumo, fumigo. (Harl. 221) 460 Smekyn, or smokyn as hote lycure, vaporo. a1500 (1984) 100 Fumico, smekyn. 1791 J. Learmont 49 Our sail rife birlins bring our bane, Smeekin' wi' peculation's gain. 1827 W. Tennant 90 Tapers yet smeekin' on the stanes Mixt wi' the saints' auld reekit banes. 1863 J. Hamilton 45 A hunner funnels bleezin', reekin', Cóal an' ironstane charrin', smeekin'. 1994 E. Morgan 99 Richt in the middle o the field it wes, the muin, and oot it gaed, gaed slawly bleck; the gress aw roon began tae sneyster and smeek. 2. the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > disinfecting > disinfect [verb (transitive)] > fumigate OE tr. (Vitell.) vii. 254 Wið cyrnla sare, smeoc þone man mid gate hærum. ?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac (Paris) (1971) 152 (MED) Folwyngly þai smeken it [sc. a swollen hand] and stewen it with a smeke rered vp fro vynegre. c1480 (a1400) St. Thecla 111 in W. M. Metcalfe (1896) II. 435 Þe fire þat ves dycht to bryne me to brule & smeke. a1774 R. Fergusson (1779) 69 Thof this town be smeekit sair..Than ours [sc. lasses] there's nane mair fat and fair. 1808 J. Jamieson Smeik, Smeek, to dry by smoke. 1815 90 (note) Smeeking our heads o'er the fire a' winter. 1879 P. R. Drummond 426 I smeek my victims with green whins and broom. 1882 J. Longmuir & D. Donaldson (rev. ed.) IV. 303/1 To smeek fish, i.e. to cure them. 1913 J. Black 142 The grun's broken wi' pits and railways, smeekit wi' reek. 1928 A. D. Mackie 17 The snell winnd blawin' coom and reek..and smeekin' a' the hicht. 1998 W. N. Herbert 85 Uts river's hert gane dreh and powrin thru uts streets, smeekit by the years' reek. the world > life > death > killing > killing of animals > kill animal [verb (transitive)] > by specific method the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > expel > by fire or smoke 1691 in A. W. C. Hallen (1894) 139 For 2 unce brimston to smeik ye 4 beeskeps..0 3 0. 1732 26 Feb. 2/1 [They] stole a Bees Skep..and put an empty one in its Place, and smeeked the full one in their Cell, where it was afterwards found. 1816 W. Scott Black Dwarf xix, in 1st Ser. I. 356 Elshie's skeps o' bees..shall ne'er be smeekit by ony o' huz. 1821 W. Scott III. viii. 172 My bees were as dead as if they had been smeaked. 1823 E. Logan III. vi. 147 Gie us our noble Yearl, or we'll set low to the lodging, and smeek ye out! 1882 J. Walker 219 Smeek in his hole the snoozing badger. 1917 27 July 2 Securing a quantity of paraffin oil, he ‘smeeked’ the nest in a twinkling. 1964 2 Apr. 11 The birds sometimes open their wings and ruffle their feathers smoking themselves like kippers. They are ‘smeeking out the fleas’, a man once said to me. the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > impart perfume [verb (transitive)] > cense a1382 (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. xxiv. 21 And as torax, and galban, and vngula,..I smekede [L. vaporavi] my dwelling; and as balsame not mengd [is] my smel. Derivatives the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirt > dirtiness or soiling with specific kinds of dirt > [adjective] > dirty or soiled with smoke c1450 in K. Sisam (1933) 169 Swarte smekyd smeþes smateryd wyth smoke. 1828 D. M. Moir vi. 35 Smeaked hams and salt tongues. 1829 9 May 365/1 Oat cam' the big blacksmith, a' smeekit and duddy, Out cam' the fat butcher, a' greasy and bluidy. 1911 S. R. Crockett xii A' steamin' like a smeekit bee-skep. 1990 J. A. Begg in J. A. Begg & J. Reid 143 The Big Engine clanks awa Wi a load o hard-wrocht coal For smeekit Glesca. OE (Corpus Cambr.) xii. 20 Smeocende [c1200 Hatton smekende] flex he ne adwæscþ, ærþam þe he aworpe dom to sige. a1425 (a1382) (Corpus Oxf.) (1850) Gen. xv. 17 There was maad a derk clowd, and a furneys smekynge aperyde, and a lawmpe of fijr. 1827 W. Tennant 144 The scouther'd Ram in terrour shakes Frae's smeekin' fleece the bernin' flakes. 1907 Lammas 212 I flang them, gr'und to pouther, reekin' high A ragged spindrift to the smeeking sky. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.c1175v.OE |
