单词 | smit |
释义 | smitn.1ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > [noun] > a moral blemish or stain smitOE wem?c1225 tachec1330 spot1340 wrinklea1400 tackc1425 iron mould1584 iron mole1599 soil1600 taintment1633 smirch1862 the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirt > soiled condition > [noun] > dirty mark smitOE soil1501 smutch1530 sullya1616 smitch1638 smut1664 smircha1688 moil1818 high-water mark1847 smouch1873 tide-mark1907 OE Vercelli Homilies (1992) vii. 136 Sio sawl sceal nyde habban smittan þæs lichoman ununþeawa [read unþeawa] & hio swiðe mænige & mislice sceaþe on him fehð. OE Rule St. Benet (Tiber.) (1888) iii. 4 Qui ingreditur sine macula et operatur justitiam : se ðe ingæþ butan smittan swylce wyrcð rihtwisnesse. OE Aldhelm Glosses (Digby 146) in A. S. Napier Old Eng. Glosses (1900) 93/2 [Carceris] inluuiem : i. inmunditiam, wom, smittan. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9462 Þat sin..nan of heft wit-vten smitt, þat euer was vnder heuen born, þe strenght of itt has all for-lorn. c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 70 (MED) Weþer not wan he forȝeuiþ þe vnworþy, he prouociþ al to þe smit of falling; liȝtnes of ȝeuing ȝeuiþ kyndling of trespassing. a1500 Consail & Teiching Vys Man (Cambr. Kk.1.5) in R. Girvan Ratis Raving & Other Early Scots Poems (1939) 67 For lesing is sa foul a smyt That quhay-sa-euir be taynt with It, [etc.]. 1562 A. Scott Poems (1896) i. 220 Smaill sweit smaragde, smelling but smit of smot. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > fungal > associated with crop or food plants > smut or smutty condition ustilago1578 smit1585 smutting1621 smuttiness1659 smut1665 bragc1682 burnt-eara1722 slain1788 dust-brand1850 stinking rust1861 stinking bunt1889 loose smut1890 stinking smut1891 dust1897 1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 144/2 The smit blasting, or burned blacknes of the eares of corne. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > coal or types of coal > [noun] > small, refuse, impure, or coal-dust slackc1440 smith coal1466 smithy coal1482 coal dusta1529 panwood1531 smith's coal1578 kirving1599 culm1603 coom1611 small coal1643 smit1670 smut1686 slag1695 duff1724 duff coal1724 small1780 gum1790 stinking coal1803 cobbles1811 nubbling1825 stinkers1841 rubble1844 pea1855 nuts1857 nut coal1861 slap1865 burgee1867 smudge1883 waste1883 treble1901 coal smut1910 gumming1938 nutty slack1953 1670 W. Simpson Hydrol. Ess. 65 Those unripe mines which the cole-miners often..find and call Smitts, as being an imperfect cole. 4. a. A soft, red clay or earth rich in iron oxide; ruddle. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > earths as colouring matter red stoneeOE red eartheOE redding1292 raddlea1350 ruddle1353 rubric?1440 red ochre1481 sinoper1501 red1538 red chalk1538 sinople1548 terra sigillata1563 almagre1598 majolica1598 minium1613 orell1614 reddle1648 India red1668 Indian red1672 riddle1681 smit1728 Persian earth1735 red marl1748 abraum1753 Terra Sienna1760 tivera1825 kokowai1836 sinopia1844 sinopis1857 1728 J. Woodward Fossils All Kinds 2 The softer Ruddle, or, as 'tis call'd in the North, Smitt. 1789 J. Williams Nat. Hist. Mineral Kingdom I. 440 Kidney ore is found in small masses blended in a red, staining, soft clay or earth, called smit, which is also an iron ore. 1876 J. C. Ward Geol. Northern Part Eng. Lake District ix. 58 South of Wythburn turnpike there are some indications of smit iron-ore at the angle of the beck below the road. 1999 Descent Oct. 16/1 Haematite has been mined in several distinct forms, from the hard blue/red variety used to produce high-grade iron..to the soft and highly coloured ‘smit’ or paste ore used for marking sheep (reddle or ruddle) or in paint manufacture. b. A mark, originally made with smit (sense 4a), now usually a coloured spot or stripe, made on the fleece of a sheep as a sign of ownership. Also smit mark. Cf. earlier smot n.1 2. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > sheep-farming > [noun] > marking of sheep > mark earmarka1500 raddle-mark?1523 sheep-markc1534 sheep-brand1586 woolmark1603 bottea1642 pitch-mark1649 smota1672 smit1828 1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Smit, a sheep mark. 1886 Manch. Weekly Times 13 Mar. 6/7 The owner of the flock and the parson..stamp the former's initials and the smit mark upon the..sheep. 1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 9 Aug. 4/1 A ‘Shepherds' Guide’ setting forth the tar marks, smits, and ear-slits peculiar to the sheep of each farm in the township. 1906 H. D. Rawnsley Months at Lakes 231 What struck one was first the quickness of eye that in that sea of faces could detect in a moment..the particular smit that the owner claimed by. 2001 Guardian 11 Apr. ii. 12/2 Stray sheep are exchanged at the annual shepherds' meets, the farmers immediately identifying their own by the ‘smit’ marks made by dye on the fleece of the sheep. 2016 A. Owen Year in Life of Yorks. Shepherdess xi. 305 There are times when you search through the fleece of a yow and can't find the smit. 5. Scottish and English regional (northern and south-western). A particle of soot; a spot of dirt; a smut. Also: sooty matter. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirt > [noun] > grime, soot, or coal dirt > particle of bleck1599 black1607 smit1763 isel1786 smut1803 blacklet1861 soot1906 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > products of burning > [noun] > soot > particle of bleck1599 smit1763 blacka1774 smut1803 blacklet1861 soot1906 1763 ‘T. Bobbin’ Toy-shop (new ed.) Gloss. Smit, Smut, a black spot. 1862 C. C. Robinson Dial. Leeds & Neighbourhood 413 ‘Smitted’ clothes, or rather the ‘smits’ themselves, are the plague of the housewife on the washing day. 1886 H. Cunliffe Gloss. Rochdale-with-Rossendale Words & Phrases Smit, a small spot of dirt. 1904 C. W. Bingham in Eng. Dial. Dict. V. 554/2 Smit, [Dorset] the black of a candle. 6. Scottish, Irish English (northern), and English regional (northern). Frequently with the. An infectious disease; an infection.In quot. 1838: a disease affecting plants. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > production of disease > [noun] > infection > infectious disease infection?a1425 smit1838 smittle1838 zymotic1842 return case1856 1838 Farmer's Mag Sept. 227/2 There is as much bine as we have observed for several years, but more than one-half is suffering dreadfully from the smit. a1870 W. Lutton Montiaghisms (2007) 37 Smit, an infectious disease. 1928 A. E. Pease Dict. Dial. N. Riding Yorks. 120/2 Aye, an them soort o' nasty wownds hez a smit wiv 'em. 1934 A. P. Wilson Till 'Bus Comes 22 If I had measles I'd sit on your doorstep till I gied ye the smit! 1955 Edinb. Evening News 23 May Awe-stricken children kept a respectful distance away, for fear they ‘got the smit’. 2000 A. Thirkell tr. H. Ibsen Pillars of Society (SCOTS) ii. Why could the smit he had no cairry him aff? This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). smitn.2 Now rare (colloquial or regional in later use). A very small amount; a little bit. Also: a very small thing. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a piece or bit > small piece > very small piece pointc1300 smitc1330 tittlea1450 scraplet1519 jot1526 splinter1609 bitling1674 shredling1674 frustulum1700 rissom1808 smitch1822 fractionlet1830 scrapling1843 pick1866 parcel1873 scrappet1901 c1330 Adam & Eve (Auch.) l. 616 in C. Horstmann Sammlung Altengl. Legenden (1878) 146 (MED) Ich comand þe..Þat þi fader liif be write, & min also, eueri smite. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 18735 Left he noght þar-of a smitt Of all þe lagh þat he ne held it. a1450 Seven Sages (Cambr. Dd.1.17) (1845) l. 1959 The emperour..wende hit were al gospel That the clerkys dyden hym to wite, And al was fals every smyte. 1879 Sydney Mail 11 Jan. 55/1 It is curious that on one field the crop should have been scab all over, and on another field on the same tenancy there was not a smit. 1923 E. Gepp Essex Dial. Dict. (ed. 2) 103 Smit, a very small thing. ‘A little smit of a thing.’ 2007 L. J. Adlington Cherry Heaven 39 I wouldn't want to be like him if he was the last person on the planet, not a smit, not a smidgeon, not the littlest of little bits. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † smitn.3 Obsolete (Scottish and English regional (Yorkshire) in later use). A blow, a stroke. Also: a sound made when something is struck. Cf. smite n.1 1a.figurative in quot. 1895.J. Wright in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1904) (at cited word) records the word as still in use in West Yorkshire. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > sound of blow or fall > [noun] smitea1200 smita1425 yark1555 riprapc1580 brattlea1600 verberation1609 whack1737 whang1770 swash1789 plunk1809 tack1821 pong1823 snop1849 thunge1849 knap1870 thung1890 pow1931 thunk1952 bonk1957 the world > movement > impact > striking > [noun] > a stroke or blow dintc897 swengOE shutec1000 kill?c1225 swipc1275 stroke1297 dentc1325 touchc1325 knock1377 knalc1380 swapc1384 woundc1384 smitinga1398 lush?a1400 sowa1400 swaipa1400 wapc1400 smita1425 popc1425 rumbelowc1425 hitc1450 clope1481 rimmel1487 blow1488 dinga1500 quartera1500 ruska1500 tucka1500 recounterc1515 palta1522 nolpc1540 swoop1544 push1561 smot1566 veny1578 remnant1580 venue1591 cuff1610 poltc1610 dust1611 tank1686 devel1787 dunching1789 flack1823 swinge1823 looder1825 thrash1840 dolk1861 thresh1863 mace-blow1879 pulsation1891 nosebleeder1921 slosh1936 smackeroo1942 dab- a1425 in Englische Studien (1895) 21 203 Gerrard hem self sal gif þe a smitt. a1500 (?c1400) Sir Triamour (Cambr.) (1937) l. 1565 Tryamowre on the hedd he hytt, He had geuyn hym an euyll smytt, But hys swerde braste. 1803 in W. Scott Minstrelsy Sc. Border (ed. 2) III. 265 She heard a smit o' bridle reins. 1895 Longman's Mag. Oct. 641 I have got the death smit. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2020). smitv. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirt > soiled condition > soil [verb (transitive)] sulec897 smitOE soil1297 besoila1300 bysulpc1400 smudgec1430 dauba1450 smirch1495 smotter1513 suddle1513 smada1525 coinquinatea1529 puddle1535 moil1575 smut1587 sud1593 sully1601 coninquinate1609 smirch1615 smutcha1616 beslurry1627 besullya1645 smoot1683 besmircha1700 be-smutch1832 guggle1866 dirten1906 OE Aldhelm Glosses (Brussels 1650) in L. Goossens Old Eng. Glosses of MS Brussels, Royal Libr. 1650 (1974) 441 [Corporis habitudine] caccabatus, smittud. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8833 Iblæcched he hæfede his licame swulc ismitte of cole. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. cxxiii. 1019 Picche..defouleþ and smytteþ [L. inquinat] hondes þat it toucheþ. a1425 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (Pierpont Morgan) v. iii The brayne haþ but litell of blood leste he were infecte and smetted [1495 de Worde smytted] with þe coloure þerof. c1480 (a1400) St. Paul 272 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 36 Of his hals firste milk out ran, þe knychtis clathis þat smyttit þan. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 27 Thai ar all smyttit with that ilke myrknes, of the quhilk the sternis was blekkit. 1677 W. Nicolson Gloss. Cumbrian Dial. in Trans. Royal Soc. Lit. (1870) 9 319 Smitt, to smutch. 1876 Ballou's Monthly Mag. Nov. 489/1 Stephen Scentzer was as decent and fresh-looking a lad, when he wasn't smitten with coal-dust.., as was generally seen. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > degrading or impairing morally > degrade or impair morally [verb (transitive)] > corrupt > taint or infect smiteeOE besmiteeOE smitOE besmita1250 empoisonc1400 fadec1400 infect?c1400 attainta1529 leaven1534 inquinate1542 contaminate1563 taint1573 tack1601 beleper?a1625 the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > corruption > [verb (intransitive)] spillc1290 deprave1482 smita1500 OE Harley Gloss. (1966) 203 Funestauere, maculauere, smittodan. a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) cv. 36 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 241 Dropen esþe land in blodes swa; And smitted in werkes ofe þa. a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 198 He was not smyttid wiþ pryde ne wiþ coveityse. a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) iii. l. 606 Bot Menpris Smyttit was of [a1550 Wemyss with] mony wyce. a1500 Consail & Teiching Vys Man (Cambr. Kk.1.5) in R. Girvan Ratis Raving & Other Early Scots Poems (1939) 67 For lesing is sa foul a smyt.., It smytis sa sare It partis neuir. 1562 A. Scott Poems (1896) i. 157 Giff thow persave sum senȝeour it hes smittit, Solist þame softlie nocht to perseveir. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > sullying or staining of reputation > stain or sully [verb (transitive)] filea1325 foulc1330 tache1390 dark?c1400 distain1406 smita1413 blemish1414 black?c1425 defoul1470 maculate?a1475 macule1484 tan1530 staina1535 spota1542 smear1549 blot1566 besmear1579 defile1581 attaint1590 soila1596 slubber1599 tack1601 woad1603 besmirch1604 blur1604 to breathe upon ——1608 be-smut1610 clouda1616 sullya1616 taint1623 smutch1640 blackena1649 to cast, put, throw (etc.) a slur on or upon (a person or thing)1654 beslur1675 tarnish1695 blackwash1762 carbonify1792 smirch1820 tattoo1884 dirten1987 a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) v. l. 1545 As regnes shal ben fletted Fro folk yn folk, or whan þey shal ben smytted. a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) viii. l. 854 His litil leaute neuirþeles He smyttit þar in his processe. 1786 R. Burns Let. Aug. (2001) I. 46 If e'er Detraction shore to smit you, May nane believe him! d. transitive. To mark (a sheep) in order to indicate ownership by painting one or more coloured spots or stripes on the fleece.Sheep were originally marked with smit (smit n.1 4a). They are now usually marked with coloured dye or paint. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > sheep-farming > rear sheep or wool [verb (transitive)] > mark stowa1642 gabel1715 smit1779 lug-mark1892 1779 I. Fletcher Diary 19 Nov. (1994) 380 About fresh smitting the sheep this afternoon. 1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Smit, to mark sheep. 1832 J. Wilson in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Aug. 186/2 The finest soft red ore, used for what is called smitting (rudding or marking) the sheep. 1895 T. Ellwood Lakeland & Iceland 56 Lambs are so smitted when first put upon the fell, and sheep at clipping time. 1953 Country Life 25 June 2052/3 All our fell sheep are ‘smitted’ with the flock-master's mark, and their ears clipped into patterns. 2016 A. Owen Year in Life of Yorks. Shepherdess xi. 314 Clive was at home in the sheep pens smitting a few of them. 2. Chiefly Scottish. a. transitive. Of a disease, sickness, etc.: to infect (a person or animal). Also in figurative contexts. Frequently in passive, chiefly with with. Cf. smite v. 14a(a). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > production of disease > make diseased [verb (transitive)] > infect infecta1398 touch?c1400 smit1428 file1456 disease1467 fect?1541 tache?1541 tack1601 smittle1625 1428 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1428/3/9 Item at the bischoppis..inquire diligently in thare visitatiounis..gif ony be smyttit with lipir. c1480 (a1400) St. Placidus 521 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 84 Þane amesit sum thing his care, quhen his seknes smytit hym sare. a1500 Ratis Raving (Cambr. Kk.1.5) l. 178 in R. Girvan Ratis Raving & Other Early Scots Poems (1939) 6 Thir thingis..Wyll smyt men that are hail & fere. 1584 E. Bunny Bk. Christian Exercise Ep. Ded. sig. *2v The readers of them that are before smitted with that kinde of infestation. 1671 J. Livingston Let. to Parishoners Ancram 15 If some of you who are yet graceless would go & see their way, they might be smitted with that blessed disease. 1788 W. Marshall Provincialisms E. Yorks. in Rural Econ. Yorks. II. 353 To Smit, to infect. 1892 Ballymena Observer in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1904) V. 555/1 ‘Hoo did ye get the maisels?’ ‘A wus smit at the skael.’ 1928 A. E. Pease Dict. Dial. N. Riding Yorks. 120/2 He's getten hissel smitted wi't. 1956 J. Murray Rural Rhymes North East 10 I was vera nearly smitted Wi' Mains' disease masel. 1995 J. M. Sims-Kimbrey Wodds & Doggerybaw: Lincs. Dial. Dict. 277/2 Tom's bin smit be measles, 'e 'as. 2000 in Sc. National Dict. New Suppl. (Electronic text) at Smit [Ayrshire] Ye can get smittit frae someone wi sair lips takin a cup o coffee. 2004 S. Blackhall Minnie 47 Her Ma wad caim her hair oot wi a been caim fur fear she'd bin smittit wi beasties at Kilrogie schule. b. transitive. Of a person or animal: to communicate a disease to; to infect. Also figurative. ΚΠ 1737 A. Ramsay Coll. Scots Prov. 2 Ae scabbed Sheep will smit the hale Hirdsell. a1869 C. Spence From Braes of Carse (1898) 196 Ae scabbit ewe will smit a flock. 1880 W. H. Patterson Gloss. Words Antrim & Down 94 I think you've smit me with that cowl. 1898 Shetland News 27 Aug. in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1904) V. 555/1 He [it] wid be a job ta pit him i' da byre ta smit da annamils. 1904 Edinb. Med. Jrnl. 15 518 A common expression of disbelief, as regards modern theories of infection, is the question, ‘Wha smittit the first ane?’ 1951 S. H. Bell December Bride i. xii. 98 She thought she knew the truth of her mother's words ‘Like a leper smits you with leprosy, a drunkard smits you with misery.’ 2000 in Sc. National Dict. New Suppl. (Electronic text) at Smit [Ayrshire] Ye've smit me wi the cauld. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1OEn.2c1330n.3a1425v.OE |
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