snow-birdn.

Forms: Also snow bird, snowbird.

Etymology: < snow n.¹ Compare Dutch sneeuwvogel, German schneevogel.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈsnow-bird.

1. One or other of various small European or American birds, esp. the snow-bunting ( Plectrophanes nivalis), snow-finch ( Montifringilla nivalis), or snow-sparrow ( Junco hiemalis).In the first group of quotations there is some indication of the precise bird intended.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > seed eaters > [noun] > family Emberizidae > subfamily Emberizinae (bunting) > plectrophenax nivalis (snow-bunting)

snow-fleck1683

snow-bird1694

snowflake1770

snow-bunting1771

mountain bunting1776

oat-fowl1793

snow-fowl1813

snowman1893

(a)

1694 Philos. Trans. 1693 (Royal Soc.) 17 996 The Snow-bird which I take to be much the same with our Hedge Sparrow; this is so called because it seldom appears about Houses but against Snow or very cold Weather.

1709 J. Lawson New Voy. Carolina 146 The Snow-Birds are most numerous in the North Parts of America, where there are great Snows... They are like the Stones Smach, or Wheat-Ears.

1750 G. Edwards Nat. Hist. Birds III. 126 The Snow-Bird from Hudson's-Bay. This Bird..agrees exactly in Size and Shape with our great Pyed Mountain-Finch, or Brambling.

1771 J. R. Forster tr. P. Kalm Trav. N. Amer. II. 81 The Swedes call a species of little birds, Snofogel, and the English call it Snow-bird.

1802 G. Montagu Ornithol. Dict. (at cited word) Bunting, Snow, Snow-bird. Snow-flake.

1810 A. Wilson Amer. Ornithol. II. 129 Snow-Bird, Fringilla nivalis.

1810 A. Wilson Amer. Ornithol. II. 131 The Snow-bird is six inches long, and nine in extent.

1839 J. J. Audubon Synopsis Birds N. Amer. 106 Niphæa, Snow-Bird.

1839 J. J. Audubon Synopsis Birds N. Amer. 107 Niphæa Oregona, Oregon Snow-Bird.

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) xli. 379 Crowds of little snow-birds (Emberiza and Plectrophanes), with white breasts and jetty coverts.

1884 E. Coues Key to N. Amer. Birds (ed. 2) 377 Junco, Snow Sparrows. Snow-birds.

1884 E. Coues Key to N. Amer. Birds (ed. 2) 377 Junco hiemalis,..Eastern Snow-bird. Black Snow-bird.

(b)1798 H. M. Williams Tour Switzerland II. App. 293 Her sledgy-car..O'er the pellucid ice her snow~birds drew.1820 W. Scoresby Acct. Arctic Regions I. 535 The snow-bird, though so delicate in its appearance, is almost as ravenous as the fulmar.1841 W. C. Bryant Poems (new ed.) 30 The snow-bird twitter'd on the beechen bough.1880 W. Newton Serm. for Boys & Girls (1881) 358 The little snow-birds seem to enjoy it all.1883 Cent. Mag. Sept. 681 From the first nest..to the last, which was that of a snow-bird.

2. The ivory gull, Pagophila eburnea.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Laridae (gulls and terns) > [noun] > member of genus Larus (gull) > larus eburnea (ivory gull)

whale-bird1771

snow-bird1802

senator1852

whale-gull1852

ivory gull1885

1802 G. Montagu Ornithol. Dict. at Bunting—Snow Provincial. Snow Bird. Snow-flake.

1843 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Birds III. 449 Larus candidus, The Snow-bird.

3. U.S. slang. One who sniffs cocaine (cf. snow n.¹ 5d); gen. a drug addict.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > drug addiction or craving > [noun] > drug addict > addicted to cocaine

cocainist1904

snow-bird1914

cokey1922

snifter1925

basehead1985

pipe head1985

crackhead1986

rock-head1987

1914 L. E. Jackson & C. R. Hellyer Vocab. Criminal Slang 78 A ‘snowbird’ is the customary designation of the cocaine habitue.

1923 J. F. Fishman Crucibles of Crime vi. 126 It was discovered that each of them [sc. handkerchiefs] has a small ink mark in one of the corners..these handkerchiefs had been dipped in cocaine... The mark in the corner notified the ‘snowbird’ that it was ‘loaded’.

1952 Sunday Times 3 Feb. 5/4 Present-day New York is not..a city overrun by ‘snowbirds’ jabbing needles into their arms.

1963 ‘M. Corrigan’ Why do Women—? xxiii. 175 Don't tell me you never heard that name for a dope addict—a snowbird.

4. U.S. slang.

a. (See quots.)

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > type of soldier generally > [noun] > malingerer or shirker

malingerer1785

skulker1785

king's bargain1867

carpet soldier1869

chocolate-cream soldier1894

chocolate soldier1895

snow-bird1905

1905 N.Y. Evening Post 20 Nov. 6 28 per cent. deserted after three months, and were presumably ‘snow-birds’, that is, men who enlist to get food and clothing during the winter months.

1918 Sat. Evening Post 23 Nov. 11/1 They belonged to a shiftless class, the members of which often enlist in the army late in the fall because they want a job for the winter—the boys call them snowbirds.

1930 W. H. Waldron Old Sergeant's Conferences vii. 123 A ‘Snow bird’ is a deserter who surrenders in the fall to get a place to stay through the winter.

b. (See quot. 1924.)

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > migrant > [noun] > who travels south to avoid winter

snow-bird1923

1923 Nation 31 Oct. 487 In winter, when building is at a standstill in the North, northern workmen, ‘snow birds’ or ‘white doves’ in Negro parlance, flock south.

1924 ‘Digit’ Confessions 20th Cent. Hobo 12 Snowbird, in the Southern States a Northerner who migrates south to avoid the winter.

1962 Economist 22 Dec. 1206/1 The Negro, who regularly loses his job to the ‘snowbirds’ from New York in the winter holiday season.

1979 United States 1980–1 (Penguin Travel Guides) 243 This figure swells..during the winter months when ‘snowbirds’ arrive. (‘Snowbird’ is a tricky term as used in Miami, it refers primarily to tourists escaping the Northeastern freeze.)

5. colloquial. A person who likes snow; a snow-sports enthusiast.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > snow > [noun] > person who likes snow

snow-bird1928

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > winter sports > [noun] > enthusiast

snow-bird1973

1928 D. H. Lawrence Let. in F. Lawrence Not I (1934) 269 I am no snow-bird, I hate the stark and shroudy whitemen, white and black.

1973 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 8 Dec. 43/8 No joy yet for snowbirds. Snow enthusiasts will have to wait at least one more week before they can start up their snow-mobile engines or put on their skis.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	snow-bird
释义	snow-birdn. Forms: Also snow bird, snowbird. Etymology: < snow n.¹ Compare Dutch sneeuwvogel, German schneevogel.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈsnow-bird. 1. One or other of various small European or American birds, esp. the snow-bunting ( Plectrophanes nivalis), snow-finch ( Montifringilla nivalis), or snow-sparrow ( Junco hiemalis).In the first group of quotations there is some indication of the precise bird intended. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > seed eaters > [noun] > family Emberizidae > subfamily Emberizinae (bunting) > plectrophenax nivalis (snow-bunting) snow-fleck1683 snow-bird1694 snowflake1770 snow-bunting1771 mountain bunting1776 oat-fowl1793 snow-fowl1813 snowman1893 (a) 1694 Philos. Trans. 1693 (Royal Soc.) 17 996 The Snow-bird which I take to be much the same with our Hedge Sparrow; this is so called because it seldom appears about Houses but against Snow or very cold Weather. 1709 J. Lawson New Voy. Carolina 146 The Snow-Birds are most numerous in the North Parts of America, where there are great Snows... They are like the Stones Smach, or Wheat-Ears. 1750 G. Edwards Nat. Hist. Birds III. 126 The Snow-Bird from Hudson's-Bay. This Bird..agrees exactly in Size and Shape with our great Pyed Mountain-Finch, or Brambling. 1771 J. R. Forster tr. P. Kalm Trav. N. Amer. II. 81 The Swedes call a species of little birds, Snofogel, and the English call it Snow-bird. 1802 G. Montagu Ornithol. Dict. (at cited word) Bunting, Snow, Snow-bird. Snow-flake. 1810 A. Wilson Amer. Ornithol. II. 129 Snow-Bird, Fringilla nivalis. 1810 A. Wilson Amer. Ornithol. II. 131 The Snow-bird is six inches long, and nine in extent. 1839 J. J. Audubon Synopsis Birds N. Amer. 106 Niphæa, Snow-Bird. 1839 J. J. Audubon Synopsis Birds N. Amer. 107 Niphæa Oregona, Oregon Snow-Bird. 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) xli. 379 Crowds of little snow-birds (Emberiza and Plectrophanes), with white breasts and jetty coverts. 1884 E. Coues Key to N. Amer. Birds (ed. 2) 377 Junco, Snow Sparrows. Snow-birds. 1884 E. Coues Key to N. Amer. Birds (ed. 2) 377 Junco hiemalis,..Eastern Snow-bird. Black Snow-bird. (b)1798 H. M. Williams Tour Switzerland II. App. 293 Her sledgy-car..O'er the pellucid ice her snow~birds drew.1820 W. Scoresby Acct. Arctic Regions I. 535 The snow-bird, though so delicate in its appearance, is almost as ravenous as the fulmar.1841 W. C. Bryant Poems (new ed.) 30 The snow-bird twitter'd on the beechen bough.1880 W. Newton Serm. for Boys & Girls (1881) 358 The little snow-birds seem to enjoy it all.1883 Cent. Mag. Sept. 681 From the first nest..to the last, which was that of a snow-bird. 2. The ivory gull, Pagophila eburnea. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Laridae (gulls and terns) > [noun] > member of genus Larus (gull) > larus eburnea (ivory gull) whale-bird1771 snow-bird1802 senator1852 whale-gull1852 ivory gull1885 1802 G. Montagu Ornithol. Dict. at Bunting—Snow Provincial. Snow Bird. Snow-flake. 1843 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Birds III. 449 Larus candidus, The Snow-bird. 3. U.S. slang. One who sniffs cocaine (cf. snow n.¹ 5d); gen. a drug addict. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > drug addiction or craving > [noun] > drug addict > addicted to cocaine cocainist1904 snow-bird1914 cokey1922 snifter1925 basehead1985 pipe head1985 crackhead1986 rock-head1987 1914 L. E. Jackson & C. R. Hellyer Vocab. Criminal Slang 78 A ‘snowbird’ is the customary designation of the cocaine habitue. 1923 J. F. Fishman Crucibles of Crime vi. 126 It was discovered that each of them [sc. handkerchiefs] has a small ink mark in one of the corners..these handkerchiefs had been dipped in cocaine... The mark in the corner notified the ‘snowbird’ that it was ‘loaded’. 1952 Sunday Times 3 Feb. 5/4 Present-day New York is not..a city overrun by ‘snowbirds’ jabbing needles into their arms. 1963 ‘M. Corrigan’ Why do Women—? xxiii. 175 Don't tell me you never heard that name for a dope addict—a snowbird. 4. U.S. slang. a. (See quots.) ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > type of soldier generally > [noun] > malingerer or shirker malingerer1785 skulker1785 king's bargain1867 carpet soldier1869 chocolate-cream soldier1894 chocolate soldier1895 snow-bird1905 1905 N.Y. Evening Post 20 Nov. 6 28 per cent. deserted after three months, and were presumably ‘snow-birds’, that is, men who enlist to get food and clothing during the winter months. 1918 Sat. Evening Post 23 Nov. 11/1 They belonged to a shiftless class, the members of which often enlist in the army late in the fall because they want a job for the winter—the boys call them snowbirds. 1930 W. H. Waldron Old Sergeant's Conferences vii. 123 A ‘Snow bird’ is a deserter who surrenders in the fall to get a place to stay through the winter. b. (See quot. 1924.) ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > migrant > [noun] > who travels south to avoid winter snow-bird1923 1923 Nation 31 Oct. 487 In winter, when building is at a standstill in the North, northern workmen, ‘snow birds’ or ‘white doves’ in Negro parlance, flock south. 1924 ‘Digit’ Confessions 20th Cent. Hobo 12 Snowbird, in the Southern States a Northerner who migrates south to avoid the winter. 1962 Economist 22 Dec. 1206/1 The Negro, who regularly loses his job to the ‘snowbirds’ from New York in the winter holiday season. 1979 United States 1980–1 (Penguin Travel Guides) 243 This figure swells..during the winter months when ‘snowbirds’ arrive. (‘Snowbird’ is a tricky term as used in Miami, it refers primarily to tourists escaping the Northeastern freeze.) 5. colloquial. A person who likes snow; a snow-sports enthusiast. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > snow > [noun] > person who likes snow snow-bird1928 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > winter sports > [noun] > enthusiast snow-bird1973 1928 D. H. Lawrence Let. in F. Lawrence Not I (1934) 269 I am no snow-bird, I hate the stark and shroudy whitemen, white and black. 1973 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 8 Dec. 43/8 No joy yet for snowbirds. Snow enthusiasts will have to wait at least one more week before they can start up their snow-mobile engines or put on their skis. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.1694
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