sneezen.

Brit.

/sniːz/, U.S.

/sniz/

Etymology: < sneeze v.

1. A powder or preparation for inducing sneezing; snuff. Obsolete exc. northern dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > snuff > [noun]

sneeze1632

sneezing1648

smutchin1650

snush1671

snuff1683

nose gunpowder1706

pulvil1706

sneeshing1714

macouba1827

dip1853

snoose1912

snous1962

1632 tr. G. Bruele Praxis Medicinæ 7 A sneeze of bastard Pellitory, Pepper.

?1746 [see Compounds 1].

a1800 in S. Pegge Suppl. Grose's Provinc. Gloss.

1857– in Lanc. dial. ( Eng. Dial. Dict. ).

2. An act of sneezing; a sudden and involuntary expiration of breath through the nose and mouth, accompanied by a characteristic sound.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > [noun] > sneezing

neezinga1382

sneezing1495

sternutation1540

sneeze1646

neeze1656

sternutament1677

snick-up1692

achoo1883

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iv. ix. 199 Upon a sneeze of the Emperour of Monomotapa, there passed acclamations successively through the city.

1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iv. 455 As inconsiderable, And harmless, if not wholsom, as a sneeze To mans less universe.

1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby iv. 24 The little boy on the top of the trunk gave a violent sneeze.

1874 W. B. Carpenter Princ. Mental Physiol. (1879) i. i. 17 Whilst the act of coughing can be excited by a mandate of the will,..we can~not thus execute a true sneeze.

Compounds

C1. attributive (sense 1), as sneeze-box, sneeze-horn, sneeze-lurker (see quots.).

ΚΠ

?1746 ‘T. Bobbin’ View Lancs. Dial. 22 I nowt elze sed I, boh meh Sneeze-hurn on I'm meety loath t' part weet.

1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Sneeze-horn or Sneesh-horn, a common sort of snuff-box, made of cow's horn.

1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist III. xlii. 122 To think of..the Artful Dodger—going abroad for a common twopenny-halfpenny sneeze-box!

1864 J. C. Hotten Slang Dict. (new ed.) Sneeze-lurker, one who throws snuff in a person's face and then robs him.

C2.

sneeze gas n. a substance used to incapacitate people by causing them to sneeze when it is inhaled or absorbed through the skin.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > [noun] > poisonous gas

carbonic oxide1802

poison gas1816

cyanogen1823

carbon monoxide1868

sneeze gas1918

sneezing gas1918

Lewisite1921

sternutator1922

blister gas1936

nausea gas1936

Zyklon1939

harassing agent1968

1918 E. S. Farrow Dict. Mil. Terms 567 Sneeze-gas, a gas which produces paroxysms of sneezing, so that it is difficult to keep on a mask if any of the gas is inhaled.

1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) III. 45/1 Sternutators, sometimes called sneeze gases or vomiting gases, cause physical discomfort.., and general malaise to such an extent that a casualty results.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

sneezev.

Brit.

/sniːz/, U.S.

/sniz/

Forms: Middle English snese, 1500s–1700s sneese (1500s scniese), 1500s– sneeze, 1600s sneez.

Etymology: apparently an alteration of fnese v., due to misreading or misprinting it as ‘ſnese’, after the initial combination fn- had become unfamiliar.Fnese had apparently gone out of use early in the 15th cent., its place being mainly supplied by nese neeze v. The adoption of sneeze was probably assisted by its phonetic appropriateness; it may have been felt as a strengthened form of neeze. In the following places where sn- is printed in modern editions the correct reading is fn-: Trevisa Higden (Rolls) V. 389; Chaucer Manciple's Prol. 62 (Camb. MS. G g 4. 27); Lanfranc's Cirurg. 197; Caxton's Trevisa (Rolls) V. 389 note; Caxton Golden Leg., Litanies (= f. xxii/1 of ed. 1483). See also the variants in the quots. below.

a. intransitive. To drive or emit air or breath suddenly through the nose and mouth by an involuntary and convulsive or spasmodic action, accompanied by a characteristic sound.In quot. 1493 = to snort.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > other vocal sounds > [verb (intransitive)] > snort

sneeze1493

snur1523

snurt1549

snortle1577

snot1662

snotter1710

snort1818

woofle1902

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > have respiratory spasm [verb (intransitive)] > sneeze

neeze?c1335

fnesec1386

sneeze1493

achoo1898

1493 Festivall (W. de W.) 108 b Whan he herde ony man speke of theym anone for grete angre he wolde snese [1483 Caxton fnese] at the nose.

1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) xvii. xxxviii. 625 Yf it [sc. cummin] is..blowen in to the nosethrilles,..it makith a man snese [Bodl. MS. fnese].

1540 R. Jonas tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde i. f. xxx^v Let her be prouoked to sneese with the pouder of eleborus or pepper.

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Riii/1 To Sneese, sternutare.

1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias i. xvii. 44 b To spit or to scniese.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxviii. ii. 297 If one chaunce to sneese after repast.

1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 403 One custom which prevails generally in foreign countreys..is to salute those that sneez.

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 35. ⁋3 Being unused to Snuff, some Grains from off her upper Lip made him sneeze aloud.

1753 Scots Mag. Nov. 544/2 They bowed with a graceful simper to a lady who sneezed.

1849 E. Bulwer-Lytton Caxtons I. iii. iii. 110 You certainly have caught cold: you sneezed three times together.

1872 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch III. vi. lxii. 367 There are conditions under which the most majestic person is obliged to sneeze.

b. reflexive. To bring (oneself) into a certain state by sneezing.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > have respiratory spasm [verb (reflexive)] > sneeze

sneeze1668

1668 R. L'Estrange tr. F. G. de Quevedo y Villegas Visions vii. (1702) 268 By how much it is more Honorable to Dye upon a Swords-point..than for a Man to snivel and sneeze himself into another World.

2. colloquial. With at: To regard as of little value, worth, or consideration; to despise, disregard, underrate. Chiefly in the negative phrase not to be sneezed at.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > hold in contempt [verb (transitive)]

forhowc900

overhowOE

withhuheOE

forhecchec1230

scorna1275

despise1297

spise13..

to set at a pease, at a pie's heel, at a pin's fee1303

to hold, have scorn at, ofc1320

to think scorn ofc1320

to set short by1377

to tell short of1377

to set naught or nought (nothing, not anything) by1390

spitea1400

contemnc1425

nought1440

overlooka1450

mainprizec1450

lightly1451

vilipendc1470

indeign1483

misprize1483

dain?1518

to look down on (also upon)1539

floccipend1548

contempta1555

to take scorn ata1566

embase1577

sdeign1590

disesteem1594

vilify1599

to set lightly, coldly1604

disrepute1611

to hold cheapa1616

avile1616

floccify1623

meprize1633

to think (also believe, etc.) meanly of1642

publican1648

naucify1653

disesteem1659

invalue1673

to set light, at light1718

sneeze1806

sniff1837

derry1896

to hold no brief for1918

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > misjudgement > misjudge [verb (transitive)] > underestimate or undervalue

to make much (also little, nothing, too much, etc.) of (or on)c1395

disprize1480

misprize1483

to make light of1526

extenuate1529

to make the worst ofc1530

seclude?1531

to take (also wrest) to the worst1531

deprisec1550

disparagea1556

undermatch1571

embase1577

underbid1593

underprize1600

underpoise1602

undervalue1611

minorize1615

underspeak1635

underthink1646

underrate1650

minify1676

under-measure1682

underpraise1698

sneeze1806

understate1824

disappreciate1828

under-estimatea1850

minimize1866

to play down1869

worsen1885

to sell short1936

downplay1948

underplay1949

lowball1979

minimalize1979

(a)

1806 T. S. Surr Winter in London II. iv. 90 It's a sort of thing a young fellow of my expectations ought to sneeze at.

1840 R. H. Barham Mr. Barney Maguire's Acct. in Ingoldsby Legends 1st Ser. 291 If any bould traitour..Sneezes at that, I'd like to see the man!

1902 Daily Chron. 12 June 9/3 Supposing this fire had occurred in Hackney,..it would have been ‘sneezed’ at, if I may so put it.

(b)1813 W. Scott Let. 24 Aug. (1932) III. 322 As I am situated, £300 or £400 a-year is not to be sneezed at.1840 F. Marryat Poor Jack l. 361 She was a prize ‘not to be sneezed at’.1891 N. Gould Double Event 82 A thousand pounds..was not a thing to be sneezed at.

3. transitive. To eject or cast by sneezing.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > have respiratory spasm [verb (transitive)] > eject or cast by sneezing

sneeze1677

1677 Mr. Johnson Let. 16 Apr. in J. Ray Corr. (1848) 128 Horsemen are not agreed what that is the foal is said to sneeze, which they call a milt.

1930 R. Campbell Adamastor 76 Their horses..Vast phantom shapes with eyeballs rolling white That sneeze a fiery steam about their knees.

1961 G. Durrell Whispering Land viii. 194 Anyway, when I had sneezed some of the dust out of my nose, I clapped dutifully outside the gate.

4. To utter with a sneeze. Also with out.The allusion in the first quot. 1851 is to Catullus xlv. 9–10.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > say in a particular manner [verb (transitive)] > with a sneeze, hiccup, or belch

hiccup1788

sneeze1851

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > have respiratory spasm [verb (transitive)] > eject or cast by sneezing > utter with sneeze

sneeze1851

1851 Ld. Tennyson Edwin Morris 80 Shall not Love to me, As in the Latin song I learnt at school, Sneeze out a full God-bless-you, right and left?

1873 Ld. Houghton Monogr. 260 The preacher..at once sneezed out the name Ker-shaw several times in various intonations.

Derivatives

ˈsneezing adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > [adjective] > sneezing

sneezing1642

sneezy1839

sternutatory1842

1642 H. More Ψυχωδια Platonica sig. E8^v Swift as the levin from the sneezing skie.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	sneeze
释义	sneezen. Brit. /sniːz/, U.S. /sniz/ Etymology: < sneeze v. 1. A powder or preparation for inducing sneezing; snuff. Obsolete exc. northern dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > snuff > [noun] sneeze1632 sneezing1648 smutchin1650 snush1671 snuff1683 nose gunpowder1706 pulvil1706 sneeshing1714 macouba1827 dip1853 snoose1912 snous1962 1632 tr. G. Bruele Praxis Medicinæ 7 A sneeze of bastard Pellitory, Pepper. ?1746 [see Compounds 1]. a1800 in S. Pegge Suppl. Grose's Provinc. Gloss. 1857– in Lanc. dial. ( Eng. Dial. Dict. ). 2. An act of sneezing; a sudden and involuntary expiration of breath through the nose and mouth, accompanied by a characteristic sound. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > [noun] > sneezing neezinga1382 sneezing1495 sternutation1540 sneeze1646 neeze1656 sternutament1677 snick-up1692 achoo1883 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iv. ix. 199 Upon a sneeze of the Emperour of Monomotapa, there passed acclamations successively through the city. View more context for this quotation 1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iv. 455 As inconsiderable, And harmless, if not wholsom, as a sneeze To mans less universe. View more context for this quotation 1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby iv. 24 The little boy on the top of the trunk gave a violent sneeze. 1874 W. B. Carpenter Princ. Mental Physiol. (1879) i. i. 17 Whilst the act of coughing can be excited by a mandate of the will,..we can~not thus execute a true sneeze. Compounds C1. attributive (sense 1), as sneeze-box, sneeze-horn, sneeze-lurker (see quots.). ΚΠ ?1746 ‘T. Bobbin’ View Lancs. Dial. 22 I nowt elze sed I, boh meh Sneeze-hurn on I'm meety loath t' part weet. 1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Sneeze-horn or Sneesh-horn, a common sort of snuff-box, made of cow's horn. 1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist III. xlii. 122 To think of..the Artful Dodger—going abroad for a common twopenny-halfpenny sneeze-box! 1864 J. C. Hotten Slang Dict. (new ed.) Sneeze-lurker, one who throws snuff in a person's face and then robs him. C2. sneeze gas n. a substance used to incapacitate people by causing them to sneeze when it is inhaled or absorbed through the skin. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > [noun] > poisonous gas carbonic oxide1802 poison gas1816 cyanogen1823 carbon monoxide1868 sneeze gas1918 sneezing gas1918 Lewisite1921 sternutator1922 blister gas1936 nausea gas1936 Zyklon1939 harassing agent1968 1918 E. S. Farrow Dict. Mil. Terms 567 Sneeze-gas, a gas which produces paroxysms of sneezing, so that it is difficult to keep on a mask if any of the gas is inhaled. 1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) III. 45/1 Sternutators, sometimes called sneeze gases or vomiting gases, cause physical discomfort.., and general malaise to such an extent that a casualty results. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022). sneezev. Brit. /sniːz/, U.S. /sniz/ Forms: Middle English snese, 1500s–1700s sneese (1500s scniese), 1500s– sneeze, 1600s sneez. Etymology: apparently an alteration of fnese v., due to misreading or misprinting it as ‘ſnese’, after the initial combination fn- had become unfamiliar.Fnese had apparently gone out of use early in the 15th cent., its place being mainly supplied by nese neeze v. The adoption of sneeze was probably assisted by its phonetic appropriateness; it may have been felt as a strengthened form of neeze. In the following places where sn- is printed in modern editions the correct reading is fn-: Trevisa Higden (Rolls) V. 389; Chaucer Manciple's Prol. 62 (Camb. MS. G g 4. 27); Lanfranc's Cirurg. 197; Caxton's Trevisa (Rolls) V. 389 note; Caxton Golden Leg., Litanies (= f. xxii/1 of ed. 1483). See also the variants in the quots. below. 1. a. intransitive. To drive or emit air or breath suddenly through the nose and mouth by an involuntary and convulsive or spasmodic action, accompanied by a characteristic sound.In quot. 1493 = to snort. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > other vocal sounds > [verb (intransitive)] > snort sneeze1493 snur1523 snurt1549 snortle1577 snot1662 snotter1710 snort1818 woofle1902 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > have respiratory spasm [verb (intransitive)] > sneeze neeze?c1335 fnesec1386 sneeze1493 achoo1898 1493 Festivall (W. de W.) 108 b Whan he herde ony man speke of theym anone for grete angre he wolde snese [1483 Caxton fnese] at the nose. 1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) xvii. xxxviii. 625 Yf it [sc. cummin] is..blowen in to the nosethrilles,..it makith a man snese [Bodl. MS. fnese]. 1540 R. Jonas tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde i. f. xxx^v Let her be prouoked to sneese with the pouder of eleborus or pepper. 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Riii/1 To Sneese, sternutare. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias i. xvii. 44 b To spit or to scniese. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxviii. ii. 297 If one chaunce to sneese after repast. 1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 403 One custom which prevails generally in foreign countreys..is to salute those that sneez. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 35. ⁋3 Being unused to Snuff, some Grains from off her upper Lip made him sneeze aloud. 1753 Scots Mag. Nov. 544/2 They bowed with a graceful simper to a lady who sneezed. 1849 E. Bulwer-Lytton Caxtons I. iii. iii. 110 You certainly have caught cold: you sneezed three times together. 1872 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch III. vi. lxii. 367 There are conditions under which the most majestic person is obliged to sneeze. b. reflexive. To bring (oneself) into a certain state by sneezing. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > have respiratory spasm [verb (reflexive)] > sneeze sneeze1668 1668 R. L'Estrange tr. F. G. de Quevedo y Villegas Visions vii. (1702) 268 By how much it is more Honorable to Dye upon a Swords-point..than for a Man to snivel and sneeze himself into another World. 2. colloquial. With at: To regard as of little value, worth, or consideration; to despise, disregard, underrate. Chiefly in the negative phrase not to be sneezed at. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > hold in contempt [verb (transitive)] forhowc900 overhowOE withhuheOE forhecchec1230 scorna1275 despise1297 spise13.. to set at a pease, at a pie's heel, at a pin's fee1303 to hold, have scorn at, ofc1320 to think scorn ofc1320 to set short by1377 to tell short of1377 to set naught or nought (nothing, not anything) by1390 spitea1400 contemnc1425 nought1440 overlooka1450 mainprizec1450 lightly1451 vilipendc1470 indeign1483 misprize1483 dain?1518 to look down on (also upon)1539 floccipend1548 contempta1555 to take scorn ata1566 embase1577 sdeign1590 disesteem1594 vilify1599 to set lightly, coldly1604 disrepute1611 to hold cheapa1616 avile1616 floccify1623 meprize1633 to think (also believe, etc.) meanly of1642 publican1648 naucify1653 disesteem1659 invalue1673 to set light, at light1718 sneeze1806 sniff1837 derry1896 to hold no brief for1918 the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > misjudgement > misjudge [verb (transitive)] > underestimate or undervalue to make much (also little, nothing, too much, etc.) of (or on)c1395 disprize1480 misprize1483 to make light of1526 extenuate1529 to make the worst ofc1530 seclude?1531 to take (also wrest) to the worst1531 deprisec1550 disparagea1556 undermatch1571 embase1577 underbid1593 underprize1600 underpoise1602 undervalue1611 minorize1615 underspeak1635 underthink1646 underrate1650 minify1676 under-measure1682 underpraise1698 sneeze1806 understate1824 disappreciate1828 under-estimatea1850 minimize1866 to play down1869 worsen1885 to sell short1936 downplay1948 underplay1949 lowball1979 minimalize1979 (a) 1806 T. S. Surr Winter in London II. iv. 90 It's a sort of thing a young fellow of my expectations ought to sneeze at. 1840 R. H. Barham Mr. Barney Maguire's Acct. in Ingoldsby Legends 1st Ser. 291 If any bould traitour..Sneezes at that, I'd like to see the man! 1902 Daily Chron. 12 June 9/3 Supposing this fire had occurred in Hackney,..it would have been ‘sneezed’ at, if I may so put it. (b)1813 W. Scott Let. 24 Aug. (1932) III. 322 As I am situated, £300 or £400 a-year is not to be sneezed at.1840 F. Marryat Poor Jack l. 361 She was a prize ‘not to be sneezed at’.1891 N. Gould Double Event 82 A thousand pounds..was not a thing to be sneezed at. 3. transitive. To eject or cast by sneezing. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > have respiratory spasm [verb (transitive)] > eject or cast by sneezing sneeze1677 1677 Mr. Johnson Let. 16 Apr. in J. Ray Corr. (1848) 128 Horsemen are not agreed what that is the foal is said to sneeze, which they call a milt. 1930 R. Campbell Adamastor 76 Their horses..Vast phantom shapes with eyeballs rolling white That sneeze a fiery steam about their knees. 1961 G. Durrell Whispering Land viii. 194 Anyway, when I had sneezed some of the dust out of my nose, I clapped dutifully outside the gate. 4. To utter with a sneeze. Also with out.The allusion in the first quot. 1851 is to Catullus xlv. 9–10. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > say in a particular manner [verb (transitive)] > with a sneeze, hiccup, or belch hiccup1788 sneeze1851 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > have respiratory spasm [verb (transitive)] > eject or cast by sneezing > utter with sneeze sneeze1851 1851 Ld. Tennyson Edwin Morris 80 Shall not Love to me, As in the Latin song I learnt at school, Sneeze out a full God-bless-you, right and left? 1873 Ld. Houghton Monogr. 260 The preacher..at once sneezed out the name Ker-shaw several times in various intonations. Derivatives ˈsneezing adj. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > [adjective] > sneezing sneezing1642 sneezy1839 sternutatory1842 1642 H. More Ψυχωδια Platonica sig. E8^v Swift as the levin from the sneezing skie. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1632v.1493
随便看	tuftaffety cream tufted tufted duck tufted pochard tufted-eared tufted-necked tuftedeared tuftednecked tuftedness tufter tufters tuftgill tuftgilled tufthunted tufthunter tufthunting tuftier tuftiest tuftily tuftin tufting tufting-button tuftingbutton tuftings tuftlet