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单词 snowflake
释义

snowflaken.

Brit. /ˈsnəʊfleɪk/, U.S. /ˈsnoʊˌfleɪk/
Forms: Also snow-flake.
Etymology: < snow n.1 + flake n.2
1. One of the small masses in which snow commonly falls.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > snow > [noun] > snowflake
flotherc1275
flawc1325
flakec1384
flaught1483
flight1483
snow-blossom1676
snowflake1734
flaughen1811
spangle1862
1734 Cupid & Psyche 28 Soft as the cygnet's down his wings, And as the falling snowflake fair.
1822 P. B. Shelley Lines: We meet Not ii That moment is gone for ever,..Like a snowflake upon the river.
1847 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Peru I. iii. iv. 390 A white cloud of pavilions was seen covering the ground as thick as snow-flakes.
1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 63 The largest snow-flakes fall when the temperature is near the freezing point.
2. The snow-bunting. (Cf. snow-fleck n.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > seed eaters > [noun] > family Emberizidae > subfamily Emberizinae (bunting) > plectrophenax nivalis (snow-bunting)
snow-fleck1683
snow-bird1694
snowflake1770
snow-bunting1771
mountain bunting1776
oat-fowl1793
snow-fowl1813
snowman1893
1770 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) IV. 17 Snow Flake. These birds appear in hard weather on the Cheviot Hills, and in the Highlands of Scotland, in amazing flocks.
1793 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. VII. 547 The snowflake, the rail or corncrake.
1837 R. Dunn Ornithol. Orkney & Shetl. 79 The Snowflake appears regularly in both countries.
1845 Zoologist 3 822 In hard winters snowflakes come from the North by thousands.
1872 E. Coues Key to N. Amer. Birds 133 Snow Bunting. Snowflake. In breeding plumage, pure white, the back, wings and tail variegated with black.
3. One or other variety of Leucojum.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > daffodil and allied flowers > allied flowers
summer fool1597
winter daffodil1615
Jacobaea lily1752
African tulip1759
Jacobean lily1770
haemanthus1771
alstroemeria1775
snowflake1777
chandelier lily1818
hippeastrum1821
clivia1828
Vallota1837
sprekelia1840
Murray lily1847
knight's star1855
Natal lily1855
Loddon lily1882
Peruvian lily1883
spider lily1887
1777 W. Curtis Flora Londinensis I. Pl. 127 As it differs very essentially in its fructification from the Galanthus, we have thought it necessary to give it the new English name of Snowflake.
1806 J. Galpine Synoptical Compend Brit. Bot. 168 Leucojum æstivum, summer snow-flake.
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 1067/2 Spring Snowflake, Erinosma.
1882 Garden 28 Jan. 56/3 The Snowflake..is in full bloom, but owing to want of sun, has not expanded its flowers.
1899 Gardening Illustr. 27 May 167/1 In the earliest spring..the Spring Snowflake (L. vernum) is flowering in southern gardens... Later on comes the taller-growing Summer Snowflake (L. æstivum).
4. (See quot. 1882.) Also attributive.
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the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > weaving > method of > weaving other types of fabric
tie1831
twill1839
pile-weaving1863
twilling1880
snowflake1882
leno1968
1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 452/2 Snow~flake, a term employed to denote a particular method of weaving woollen cloths, by which process small knots are thrown upon the face.
1890 Daily News 8 Jan. 1/6 A Large Lot..Snowflake Costumes, all Pure Wool.
5. A name for a variety of potato.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > root vegetable > [noun] > potato > types of
baker1651
Irish potato1664
sprout1771
London lady1780
ox-noble1794
pink-eye1795
kidney1796
Suriname1796
round1800
yam potato1801
bluenose1803
yam1805
bead-potato1808
Murphy1811
lumper1840
blue1845
salmon1845
merino1846
regent1846
pink1850
redskin potato1851
fluke1868
snowflake1882
magnum1889
ware1894
snowdrop1900
King Edward1902
Majestic1917
red1926
fingerling1930
Pentland1959
chipper1961
Maris Peer1963
Maris Piper1963
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > root vegetables > potato > types of potato
potato1629
Rough Red1771
sprout1771
London lady1780
russet1780
ox-noble1794
pink-eye1795
kidney1796
Suriname1796
silver-skin1797
yam potato1801
bluenose1803
yam1805
bead-potato1808
lumper1840
blue1845
merino1846
regent1846
pink1850
redskin potato1851
fluke1868
mangel-wurzel potato1875
snowflake1882
snowdrop1900
pomato1905
Idaho1911
Majestic1917
red1926
Pentland1959
1882 Daily News 9 Mar. 2 Potatoes,..foreign Snow-flakes.
6. = hairline crack at hairline n. 7. U.S.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > [noun] > a crack or breach > specific type of or having specific cause
fire crack1656
star1838
flake1866
shrinkage crack1867
snowflake1919
microfracture1939
microcrack1950
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > qualities of metals > [noun] > imperfections
honeycomb1530
roll mark1894
hair crack1896
season crack1909
season cracking1910
snowflake1919
hairline crack1923
shrinkage cavity1923
clink1925
shatter crack1930
stretcher strain1931
pimpling1940
stringer1942
quench cracking1949
1919 Bull. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers Feb. 183 The appearance of ‘snow-flakes’ is unmistakable... The white silvery area, which always has the appearance of being of a very coarsely crystalline structure, in the specimen stands out in bold contrast to the darker background, and readily justifies the use of the term ‘snow-flakes’.
1925 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 111 113 A defect known as snow-flakes or flakes (America), hair-cracks or hair-lines (Great Britain), Flocken (Germany), and cassures ligneuses (France), has received much attention among manufacturers and inspectors of alloy steel forgings.
1942 Metal Progress XLII. 203/2 ‘Coarsely crystalline fracture’ surrounded by normal fibrous metal in tensile and impact specimens showing ‘flakes’, ‘snowflakes’, ‘fish-eyes’, and such variously named seats of hydrogen embrittlement..can be immediately recognized by that outstanding characteristic whereby the affected zones stand out brilliantly against the darker fibrous background.

Compounds

snowflake curve n. Mathematics a mathematically conceived curve (see quot. 1975) whose sixfold symmetry is reminiscent of that of a snowflake, of interest because its infinite length bounds a finite area.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > geometry > curve > [noun] > having specific shape
trident1710
cardioid1747
J-curve1916
snowflake curve1956
1956 W. G. Walter Further Outlook iii. iv. 100 Jim Bursley had explained the snowflake curve to me and we had discussed the projection of such a curve into three dimensions.
1975 Sci. Amer. Nov. 144/2 Take the analyst's ‘snowflake’ curve.., which is made in an elementary way from an equilateral triangle of unit side by replacing the middle third of each side with a ‘cape’, itself the two jutting equal sides of a triangle a third as large as the original, and so on, repeating indefinitely.
1978 Sci. Amer. Apr. 21/2 Among the fractals that exhibit strong regularity the best-known are the Peano curves that completely fill the finite region and the beautiful snowflake curve discovered by the Swedish mathematician Helge von Koch in 1904.

Draft additions January 2018

Originally and chiefly U.S. (usually derogatory and potentially offensive). Originally: a person, esp. a child, regarded as having a unique personality and potential. Later: a person mockingly characterized as overly sensitive or easily offended, esp. one said to consider himself or herself entitled to special treatment or consideration.Alluding in earliest use to the notion that no two snowflakes are identical, later to their pristine or fragile condition.
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1983 J. MacArthur Spiritual Gifts iii. 59 You are a snowflake. There are no two of you alike. God cannot trade you for anyone.
1996 C. Palahniuk Fight Club xvii. 134 You are not a beautiful and unique snowflake. You are the same decaying organic matter as everything else, and we are all part of the same compost pile.
2009 N.Y. Mag. 29 June 9 These whippersnappers need a reality check... ‘I'm a perfect little snowflake!’ You aren't.
2012 Let. in Philadelphia Daily News (Nexis) 25 Jan. (Final ed.) 16 These [sc. soldiers in Afghanistan] are just kids who are doing the fighting that the precious little snowflakes of the liberal media are not doing.
2017 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 7 Mar. (Late ed.) a26 A few widely publicized disruptions [of speakers at colleges] feed a narrative of leftist enclaves of millennial snowflakes refusing to abide ideas they disagree with.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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