smouldern.

Brit.

/ˈsməʊldə/, U.S.

/ˈsmoʊldər/

Forms: Middle English–1600s, 1800s U.S., smolder, 1500s, 1800s smoulder.

Etymology: Of obscure formation; the first syllable may be related to Low German smölen, smäulen (also smälen, smelen), Dutch smeulen, to smoulder, Flemish smoel, smul hot.Discontinued about (or shortly after) 1600, and revived in the 19th cent.: see the note to the verb.

1. Smother; smoky vapour; the result of smouldering or slow combustion.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > products of burning > [noun] > smoke > dense or suffocating

smotherc1175

smoulderc1325

smore1393

pother1627

stife1636

smudge1767

smoor1894

c1325 Body & Soul 435 in Map's Poems (Camden) 345 The eorthe openede up anon, Smoke and smolder up ther wel.

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xvii. 321 Whan smoke & smolder smyt in his syȝte.

c1440 Pallad. on Husb. i. 929 The fired nuttis smolder throgh shal fle This grettist hole.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xv. 248 Men myght se the smolder of the fire x myle longe.

1575 G. Gascoigne Hundred Flowers in Wks. 49 The smoulder stops our nose with stench, the fume offends our eies.

a1626 L. Andrewes XCVI. Serm. (1661) xi. 472 From blood and fire and the smolder of smoke.

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. i. viii. 82 Lille too, black with ashes and smoulder.1851 G. Borrow Lavengro III. 355 The smoulder and smoke of that fire-ball have rather bewildered my head.1862 G. W. Thornbury Life J. M. W. Turner I. 315 That driving smoulder of fire..indicates the mouth of the fatal cave.

2. A slow-burning fire or the ashes of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > a fire > [noun] > a kind of fire > smouldering fire

smoulder1548

smother1597

smother-fire1635

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. xli^v Of the fyer and smolder dyd ryse suche a smooke.

1573 J. Daus tr. H. Bullinger Hundred Serm. vpon Apocalipse (rev. ed.) xxxix. f. 115^v It ascendeth..as a smoke out of great smolder.

1869 R. D. Blackmore Lorna Doone III. vi. 107 A barrow-load of the smoulder.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

smoulderv.

Brit.

/ˈsməʊldə/, U.S.

/ˈsmoʊldər/

Forms: Middle English–1600s, 1800s– (now U.S.) smolder (1600s smolther), 1500s smoolder, smow(l)der, smoulther, 1500s– smoulder.

Etymology: < smoulder n.During the 17th and 18th centuries both noun and verb fell into disuse, although poets continued to employ the participial adjective smouldering, of which Johnson (1755) says ‘This word seems a participle; but I know not whether the verb smoulder be in use’. The revival of the verb in the 19th cent. was evidently due to Scott.

†1.

a. transitive. To smother, suffocate. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > killing > killing by specific method > kill [verb (transitive)] > by smothering or suffocation

smorec725

athrysmc885

stranglea1300

overliea1382

forliea1400

to stop the breath (more rarely the wind) ofc1400

overlayc1425

querken1440

smoulder1481

suffoke1490

stiflea1535

smoor1535

smother1548

suffocate1599

asphyxiate1835

asphyxy1843

1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 93 Hit stanke that I was almost smoldred therof.

1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. xxiv. 77 The hete of the sonne was so brennynge hoot that almost hyt smoldred the rommanyns.

?1530 J. Rastell Pastyme of People sig. *Fvi The most commyn opinyon was, that they were smolderyd betwene two fetherbeddes.

1565 A. Golding tr. Caesar Martiall Exploytes in Gallia vi. f. 157^v Other some..doe smoolder the men wythin them wyth the flame.

1586 W. Warner Albions Eng. ii. vii. 24 Some stumbling on the bodies dead are smoldred so and die.

†b. To smother, in various figurative uses. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > keep from knowledge [verb (transitive)]

heeleOE

dernc893

mitheeOE

wryOE

buryc1175

hidec1200

dilla1300

laina1375

keepa1382

wrapa1382

cover1382

conceala1393

curea1400

shroud1412

veilc1460

smorec1480

cele1484

suppress1533

wrap1560

smoulder1571

squat1577

muffle1582

estrange1611

screen1621

lock1646

umbrage1675

reserve1719

restrict1802

hugger-mugger1803

mask1841

ward1881

thimblerig1899

marzipan1974

1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (li. 12) Although the giftes of the Holy Ghoste were smoldered in him.

1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle v. ii. sig. Ei^v How euer the thing he clockes or smolders.

1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 68 Which indignitie..as then..smouldred vp in respect of the common cause.., afterwards brake out againe.

a. intransitive. To burn and smoke without flame. Also transferred (quot. 1851).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > burn or be on fire [verb (intransitive)] > burn without flame

smoulder1529

smother1600

smore1651

smudge1825

1529 T. More Supplyc. Soulys ii. f. xxix^v The tone ys a lyght flame sone endede, y^e tether smowdreth [much lenger].

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 723/1 I smolder, as wete wood doth.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 723/1 This woode burneth nat clere, it dothe but smolder.

1851 Ld. Tennyson Edwin Morris 147 The light cloud smoulders on the summer crag.1857 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. III. ix. 574 Baryta salt..when burned in open air smoulders like tinder till the naphthalin is consumed.1859 W. Collins Queen of Hearts I. 165 The floor was smouldering in several places.

b. In figurative contexts.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > passion > ardour or fervour > become ardent or fervent [verb (intransitive)] > burn with passion > inwardly or latently

smoulder1575

simmer1836

1575 G. Gascoigne Hundred Flowers in Wks. 88 Nor yet [can] my fancie make such flame, that I may smoulder in the same.

1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles ii. xxvi. 70 He waked a spark, that, long suppress'd, Had smoulder'd in Lord Ronald's breast.1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xviii. 188 The civil war.., after it had ceased to flame, had continued during some time to smoulder.

c. figurative. To exist or continue in a suppressed state.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > escape observation [verb (intransitive)] > of feelings

smoulder1810

1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake ii. 65 Still..Smoulders in Roderick's breast the feud.

1842 H. E. Manning Serm. i. 3 For wise ends, God suffers this rebellion to smoulder in His kingdom.

1888 P. H. Pye-Smith Fagge's Princ. & Pract. Med. (ed. 2) I. 185 Intestinal lesions may smoulder on without giving rise to any symptoms.

d. To show suppressed anger, hatred, resentment, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > hatred > show suppressed anger, hatred, or resentment [verb (intransitive)]

smoulder1934

the mind > emotion > anger > indignation or resentment > be or become resentful [verb (intransitive)] > show indignation or resentment > show suppressed resentment

smoulder1934

1934 in Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang.

1957 L. Durrell Justine i. 69 She seemed to smoulder like a tar-barrel on the point of explosion.

1983 ‘J. Gash’ Sleepers of Erin iv. 42 Kurak smouldered his way to the Rolls, vibing pure hate in my direction.

†3. To be feeble or languid. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > be in ill health [verb (intransitive)] > be weak > of parts

smoulder1578

1578 J. Banister Hist. Man iv. f. 54^v It [sc. the midriff] beyng wounded the hart smoldreth, like the lampe that dyeth for lacke of oyle.

Derivatives

ˈsmouldered adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > subjection or exposure to heat or fire > [adjective] > affected by smouldering

smouldered1796

1796 S. T. Coleridge Destiny of Nations 258 Aside the beacon, up whose smouldered stones The..ivy-trails crept thinly.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	smoulder
释义	smouldern. Brit. /ˈsməʊldə/, U.S. /ˈsmoʊldər/ Forms: Middle English–1600s, 1800s U.S., smolder, 1500s, 1800s smoulder. Etymology: Of obscure formation; the first syllable may be related to Low German smölen, smäulen (also smälen, smelen), Dutch smeulen, to smoulder, Flemish smoel, smul hot.Discontinued about (or shortly after) 1600, and revived in the 19th cent.: see the note to the verb. 1. Smother; smoky vapour; the result of smouldering or slow combustion. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > products of burning > [noun] > smoke > dense or suffocating smotherc1175 smoulderc1325 smore1393 pother1627 stife1636 smudge1767 smoor1894 c1325 Body & Soul 435 in Map's Poems (Camden) 345 The eorthe openede up anon, Smoke and smolder up ther wel. 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xvii. 321 Whan smoke & smolder smyt in his syȝte. c1440 Pallad. on Husb. i. 929 The fired nuttis smolder throgh shal fle This grettist hole. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xv. 248 Men myght se the smolder of the fire x myle longe. 1575 G. Gascoigne Hundred Flowers in Wks. 49 The smoulder stops our nose with stench, the fume offends our eies. a1626 L. Andrewes XCVI. Serm. (1661) xi. 472 From blood and fire and the smolder of smoke. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. i. viii. 82 Lille too, black with ashes and smoulder.1851 G. Borrow Lavengro III. 355 The smoulder and smoke of that fire-ball have rather bewildered my head.1862 G. W. Thornbury Life J. M. W. Turner I. 315 That driving smoulder of fire..indicates the mouth of the fatal cave. 2. A slow-burning fire or the ashes of this. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > a fire > [noun] > a kind of fire > smouldering fire smoulder1548 smother1597 smother-fire1635 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. xli^v Of the fyer and smolder dyd ryse suche a smooke. 1573 J. Daus tr. H. Bullinger Hundred Serm. vpon Apocalipse (rev. ed.) xxxix. f. 115^v It ascendeth..as a smoke out of great smolder. 1869 R. D. Blackmore Lorna Doone III. vi. 107 A barrow-load of the smoulder. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022). smoulderv. Brit. /ˈsməʊldə/, U.S. /ˈsmoʊldər/ Forms: Middle English–1600s, 1800s– (now U.S.) smolder (1600s smolther), 1500s smoolder, smow(l)der, smoulther, 1500s– smoulder. Etymology: < smoulder n.During the 17th and 18th centuries both noun and verb fell into disuse, although poets continued to employ the participial adjective smouldering, of which Johnson (1755) says ‘This word seems a participle; but I know not whether the verb smoulder be in use’. The revival of the verb in the 19th cent. was evidently due to Scott. †1. a. transitive. To smother, suffocate. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > killing > killing by specific method > kill [verb (transitive)] > by smothering or suffocation smorec725 athrysmc885 stranglea1300 overliea1382 forliea1400 to stop the breath (more rarely the wind) ofc1400 overlayc1425 querken1440 smoulder1481 suffoke1490 stiflea1535 smoor1535 smother1548 suffocate1599 asphyxiate1835 asphyxy1843 1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 93 Hit stanke that I was almost smoldred therof. 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. xxiv. 77 The hete of the sonne was so brennynge hoot that almost hyt smoldred the rommanyns. ?1530 J. Rastell Pastyme of People sig. Fvi The most commyn opinyon was, that they were smolderyd betwene two fetherbeddes. 1565 A. Golding tr. Caesar Martiall Exploytes in Gallia* vi. f. 157^v Other some..doe smoolder the men wythin them wyth the flame. 1586 W. Warner Albions Eng. ii. vii. 24 Some stumbling on the bodies dead are smoldred so and die. †b. To smother, in various figurative uses. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > keep from knowledge [verb (transitive)] heeleOE dernc893 mitheeOE wryOE buryc1175 hidec1200 dilla1300 laina1375 keepa1382 wrapa1382 cover1382 conceala1393 curea1400 shroud1412 veilc1460 smorec1480 cele1484 suppress1533 wrap1560 smoulder1571 squat1577 muffle1582 estrange1611 screen1621 lock1646 umbrage1675 reserve1719 restrict1802 hugger-mugger1803 mask1841 ward1881 thimblerig1899 marzipan1974 1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (li. 12) Although the giftes of the Holy Ghoste were smoldered in him. 1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle v. ii. sig. Ei^v How euer the thing he clockes or smolders. 1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 68 Which indignitie..as then..smouldred vp in respect of the common cause.., afterwards brake out againe. 2. a. intransitive. To burn and smoke without flame. Also transferred (quot. 1851). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > burn or be on fire [verb (intransitive)] > burn without flame smoulder1529 smother1600 smore1651 smudge1825 1529 T. More Supplyc. Soulys ii. f. xxix^v The tone ys a lyght flame sone endede, y^e tether smowdreth [much lenger]. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 723/1 I smolder, as wete wood doth. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 723/1 This woode burneth nat clere, it dothe but smolder. 1851 Ld. Tennyson Edwin Morris 147 The light cloud smoulders on the summer crag.1857 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. III. ix. 574 Baryta salt..when burned in open air smoulders like tinder till the naphthalin is consumed.1859 W. Collins Queen of Hearts I. 165 The floor was smouldering in several places. b. In figurative contexts. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > passion > ardour or fervour > become ardent or fervent [verb (intransitive)] > burn with passion > inwardly or latently smoulder1575 simmer1836 1575 G. Gascoigne Hundred Flowers in Wks. 88 Nor yet [can] my fancie make such flame, that I may smoulder in the same. 1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles ii. xxvi. 70 He waked a spark, that, long suppress'd, Had smoulder'd in Lord Ronald's breast.1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xviii. 188 The civil war.., after it had ceased to flame, had continued during some time to smoulder. c. figurative. To exist or continue in a suppressed state. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > escape observation [verb (intransitive)] > of feelings smoulder1810 1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake ii. 65 Still..Smoulders in Roderick's breast the feud. 1842 H. E. Manning Serm. i. 3 For wise ends, God suffers this rebellion to smoulder in His kingdom. 1888 P. H. Pye-Smith Fagge's Princ. & Pract. Med. (ed. 2) I. 185 Intestinal lesions may smoulder on without giving rise to any symptoms. d. To show suppressed anger, hatred, resentment, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > show suppressed anger, hatred, or resentment [verb (intransitive)] smoulder1934 the mind > emotion > anger > indignation or resentment > be or become resentful [verb (intransitive)] > show indignation or resentment > show suppressed resentment smoulder1934 1934 in Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. 1957 L. Durrell Justine i. 69 She seemed to smoulder like a tar-barrel on the point of explosion. 1983 ‘J. Gash’ Sleepers of Erin iv. 42 Kurak smouldered his way to the Rolls, vibing pure hate in my direction. †3. To be feeble or languid. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > be in ill health [verb (intransitive)] > be weak > of parts smoulder1578 1578 J. Banister Hist. Man iv. f. 54^v It [sc. the midriff] beyng wounded the hart smoldreth, like the lampe that dyeth for lacke of oyle. Derivatives ˈsmouldered adj. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > subjection or exposure to heat or fire > [adjective] > affected by smouldering smouldered1796 1796 S. T. Coleridge Destiny of Nations 258 Aside the beacon, up whose smouldered stones The..ivy-trails crept thinly. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.c1325v.1481
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