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单词 sore
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soren.1

Brit. /sɔː/, U.S. /sɔr/
Forms: α. Old English–Middle English sar (Middle English sær), northern and ScottishMiddle English sar, Middle English–1500s, 1800s sare, 1500s– sair. β. Middle English sor (Middle English seor), Middle English soor(e (Middle English soure), 1500s–1600s soare, 1600s soar, Middle English– sore.
Etymology: Old English sár strong neuter, = Old Frisian sêr (West Frisian sear , North Frisian siar ), Middle Dutch seer , zeer (Dutch zeer ), Old Saxon sêr (Middle Low German sêr-e , Low German ser , seer ), Old High German, Middle High German sêr (early modern German sehr , also masculine), Old Norse and Icelandic sár (Swedish sår , Danish saar ), Gothic sair : see sore adj.1Feminine forms occur in some of the continental languages: Middle Low German sêre, Middle High German sêre (early modern German sehre).
†1. Bodily pain or suffering. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > [noun]
sorec825
acheeOE
wrakeOE
trayOE
woe?a1200
pinec1200
sorrowc1225
teenc1225
grievousness1303
dolec1320
balea1325
painc1330
warkingc1340
dolour?c1370
sufferance1422
offencea1425
angerc1440
sufferingc1450
penalty?1462
penality1496
grief1509
stress1533
sufferance1597
somatalgia1607
suffering1609
tort1632
miserya1825
c825 Vesp. Psalter xxx. 11 Asprong in sare lif min.
c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) iv. xix. 320 Þy þriddan dæge heo wæs eft hefigad mid þæm ærrum sarum.
971 Blickl. Hom. 59 On synne he bið geeacnod, & on his modor sare he bið acenned.
c1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 280 Þysse sylfan wyrte syde þæra toþa sar geliðigað.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 6243 We beoð ofte hider ifaren. mid wandreðe & mid care.
a1300 Cursor Mundi 628 Vte of his side..Wit-oten sare a rib he tok.
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) v. xxx Þe touche of senewes haþ no feling of soore and of smerte.
a1450 Le Morte Arth. 3405 The doughty kynge..For sore myght not hym-self weld.
1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope iv. xiii My broder and my frend, where aboute is thy sore?
?a1600 ( R. Sempill Legend Bischop St. Androis in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xlv. 364 Suppoise the devill maid that graith,..At that tyme, to asswage my sair, I wald have tane it.
†2. Sickness, disease; in particularized use, a disease, ailment, or bodily affliction. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > [noun]
soreOE
cothec1000
sicknessc1000
evilc1275
maladyc1275
grievance1377
passiona1382
infirmityc1384
mischiefa1387
affectiona1398
grievinga1398
grief1398
sicka1400
case?a1425
plaguec1425
diseasea1475
alteration1533
craze1534
uncome1538
impediment1542
affliction?1555
ailment1606
disaster1614
garget1615
morbus1630
ail1648
disaffect1683
disorder1690
illness1692
trouble1726
complaint1727
skookum1838
claim1898
itis1909
bug1918
wog1925
crud1932
bot1937
lurgy1947
Korean haemorrhagic fever1951
nadger1956
OE Crist III 1355 Þa þe on sare seoce lagun, æfdon unsofte, adle gebundne.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3027 Ðo wex vn-selðe on hem wel hard, Dolc, sor, and blein on erue and man.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xx. 96 Kynde come after with many kene sores, As pokkes and pestilences.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14147 Þe sare him sekes fra hede to fote.
1611 Bible (King James) 2 Chron. vi. 28 Whatsoeuer sore, or whatsoeuer sicknesse there be. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iv. ii. 51 Had he ram'd All kindes of sores, and shames on my bare head.
1648 H. Hexham Groot Woorden-boeck Roose, ofte de Kole, S. Anthonies Sore, called the Rose.
3. A bodily injury; a wound. Obsolete exc. dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun] > wound
woundc900
soreOE
dolk?c1225
hurt?c1225
unsoundc1275
brokec1350
plaguea1382
lesurec1420
plaiea1470
blechure1483
wounding1581
bloodwipe1611
injurya1616
seat1634
trauma1684
OE Guthlac A 704 Mec dryhten heht snude gesecgan, þæt ge him sara gehwylc hondum gehælde.
a1200 12th Cent. Hom. (1909) 114 Ac þa synfulle men sceolen iseon þa wundæn & þa sar on ure Drihtne.
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 503 ‘Me þynkþ þou hast a wonde þere..in þy syde.’.. Olyuer..turnd him þat sor to hyde.
c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 5843 He ȝaff Ector an hidous sore.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xi. xv. 115 The scharp steill heid fixt to the rybbis remanys, In a full deip wound and a grewous sair.
1599 W. Shakespeare et al. Passionate Pilgrime (new ed.) sig. B3 See in my thigh (quoth she) here was the sore.
1785 Select Coll. Poems Buchan Dial. 31 He'll suck the poison frae the sair, An' be a noble leech.
1876 Mid-Yks. Gloss. 131 Sore has the meaning of bruise, or wound, occasionally.
4. A place in an animal body where the skin or flesh is diseased or injured so as to be painfully tender or raw; a sore place, such as that caused by an ulcer.See bed-sore n. at bed n. Compounds 2, saddle-sore (saddle n.1 Compounds 4).
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun] > sore
sorec1000
cweise?c1225
sorancec1440
shoyn1527
uncome1542
sorance1592
rawness1607
button farcy1673
fleck1695
raw1825
cold sore1842
bed-sore1861
fox1862
pressure sore1889
Queensland sore1892
salt sore1908
salt-burn1917
pressure point1929
c1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 134 Wið wunda & wið cancor genim þas ilcan wyrte,..lege to þam sare. Ne geþafað heo þæt sar furður wexe.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14012 Þar sco fand ani breck or sare, Wit hir smerl sco smerd þare.
c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 87 Þe quantite of medicyns þat schulden be leid to þe soor..mai not wiþ lettris be writen.
1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) ii. v. 66 And many flyes satte vpon the soores.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxii Shede the wole by and by & lay a lytel terre therupon tyll thou passe the sore.
1594 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis (new ed.) sig. Fiiij Another [hound] licking of his wound, 'Gainst venimd sores, the onely soueraigne plaister.
1603 T. Dekker 1603: Wonderfull Yeare sig. D3v Some haue had 18. sores at one time running vpon them.
1682 G. Hartman Digby's Choice Coll. Rare Secrets ii. 232 Dip a Straw or Feather in it, and touch all round about the borders of the Sore with it.
1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) To be a sore, there must be an excoriation; a tumour or bruise is not called a sore before some disruption happen.
1785 W. Cowper Task i. 582 They..vex their flesh with artificial sores.
1807 S. Cooper First Lines Pract. Surg. I. i. xxii. 108 Bruises of the shin so frequently cause sloughing, and troublesome sores.
1889 Hardwicke's Sci.-gossip 25 193/2 Matter discharged from leprous sores.
5. In figurative and allusive uses, with retention of literal phraseology; esp. coupled with salve (see salve n.1 2 and salve v.1 1c).The sense becomes often coincident with 6 or 7.
ΚΠ
c1374 G. Chaucer Anelida & Arcite 242 Noon othir helpeþe my soores for to sounde.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 598 Ful wel can ich..help ȝow hasteli at al ȝoure hele to gete, ȝif ȝe saie me ȝoure sores.
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 223 Of covoitise if ther be more In love, agropeth out the sore.
1410 in 26 Pol. Poems ix. 178 Now sumwhat y haue ȝow sayd What is salue to ȝoure sore.
a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 95 Convenyent remedys..to be applyd to such sorys & dyseasys in our polytyke body.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccciiijv The matter was taken vp, yet the sore brake out agayne.
1587 R. Greene Euphues sig. Dv That infectious, soare of iealowsie.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) ii. i. 143 You rub the sore, When you should bring the plaister. View more context for this quotation
1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 215 The sore between him and his subjects was not fully cured.
1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. xii. 179 He had got a salve for that sore.
1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth vii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 172 It is not for me to put my finger on the sore.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Walking to Mail in Poems (new ed.) II. 50 The same old sore breaks out from age to age.
proverbial.1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. viii. sig. Kii It is yll healyng of an olde sore.1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. lxiiij And as the common saiyng is, increase the flamme with oyle, and be as sharpe nayle in the sore.
†6. Mental suffering, pain, or trouble; grief, sorrow, anxiety, or the cause of this. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > [noun]
sorec888
teeneOE
sorrowOE
workOE
wrakeOE
careOE
gramec1000
harmOE
howc1000
trayOE
woweOE
angec1175
derfnessc1175
sytec1175
unwinc1175
wosithc1200
ail?c1225
barrat?c1225
derf?c1225
grief?c1225
misease?c1225
misliking?c1225
ofthinkingc1225
passion?c1225
troublec1230
pinec1275
distress1297
grievancea1300
penancea1300
cumbermentc1300
languorc1300
cumbering1303
were1303
angera1325
strifea1325
sweama1325
woea1325
painc1330
tribulationc1330
illa1340
threst1340
constraintc1374
troublenessc1380
afflictiona1382
bruisinga1382
miseasetya1382
pressurec1384
exercisec1386
miscomfortc1390
mislikea1400
smarta1400
thronga1400
balec1400
painfulnessc1400
troublancec1400
smartness?c1425
painliness1435
perplexity?a1439
penalty?1462
calamity1490
penality1496
cumber?a1513
sussy1513
tribule1513
afflict?1529
vexation of spirit1535
troublesomeness1561
hoe1567
grievedness1571
tribulance1575
languishment1576
thrall1578
tine1590
languorment1593
aggrievedness1594
obturbation1623
afflictedness1646
erumny1657
pathos1684
shock1705
dree1791
vex1815
wrungnessa1875
dukkha1886
thinkache1892
sufferation1976
c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. vii. §2 Mið ðæm mæstan sare his modes.
a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1120 Ðysra deað wæs heora freondan twyfealdlic sar.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 121 Lokiað hweðer enies monnes sar beo iliche mine sare.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3988 Þer wes Iulius Cezar an heorte he hafde sorȝe & sar.
c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 234 Þer was sobbing, siking, and sor, Handes wringing.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 733 Teres gliden for hertes sor Fro loth and abram and nachor.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 894 Sikende ful sadly for sor at his hert.
c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 596 Who feeleth double soor and heuynesse But Palamon.
1423 Kingis Quair clxxxii Euery wicht his awin suete or sore Has maist In mynde.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Chron. (1812) I. clxii. 199 Gette vs to the french kynges batayle, for ther lyeth all the sore of the mater [Fr. tout le fort de la besoigne].
1575 G. Gascoigne Glasse of Gouernem. iv. v. sig. Iiiiv Store is no sore as the prouerbe saith.
†7. Grievous state; affliction, misery. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun]
swenchOE
derfnessc1175
wandrethc1175
adversity?c1225
derf?c1225
swinka1250
torferc1325
afflictiona1382
stressc1390
marrementc1391
sorea1400
noyancec1400
infortunacya1500
aloea1529
afflict?1529
obduction1610
afflictedness1646
strain1853
besetment1872
wahala1966
catch-arse1970
the mind > emotion > suffering > misery > [noun]
unselthc888
ermtheOE
unselea1023
wellawayOE
wretchhead1154
wandrethc1175
woec1175
wanea1200
wretchdom?c1225
yomernessc1250
balec1275
un-i-selec1275
wan-siðc1275
unseelinessa1300
wretchedheada1300
cursedness1303
wretcheddomc1320
wrechea1325
wretchnessa1330
tribulationc1330
wretchednessa1340
caitifty1340
meeknessa1382
unwealsomeness1382
infelicityc1384
caitifhedea1400
ill liking?a1400
sorea1400
ungleea1400
unweala1400
caitifnessc1400
deploration1490
caitifdoma1500
woefulnessa1513
misery1527
miserity1533
mishappinessa1542
unwealfulnessa1555
tribulance1575
miserableness1613
agony1621
desolatenessa1626
unblissa1628
unhappiness1722
misère1791
shadow1855
valley1882
miz1918
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9103 Þat sare, þat scam, þat martiring, Was neuer sene on suilk a king!
14.. Tundale's Vis. 724 Now goo we to a delfull stedde... Who schall delyver me from that sore?
a1450 (?c1350) Pride of Life l. 406 in N. Davis Non-Cycle Plays & Fragm. (1970) 102 To sauy þi soul fro sor.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xii. l. 303 To wyn out off bondage Scotland agayn, fra payn and felloun sor.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

soren.2

Brit. /sɔː/, U.S. /sɔr/
Forms: Also Middle English sower, Middle English–1500s sowre, 1500s soor, 1500s–1600s soare, 1800s sor.
Etymology: Substantive use of sore adj.2
†1. Hunting. A buck in its fourth year. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > male > [noun] > in its fourth year
sorec1369
staggarda1425
stagon1587
c1369 G. Chaucer Bk. Duchesse 429 Of fawnes, sowers [v.r. sowres], buckes, does Was ful the wodde.
1486 Bk. St. Albans e iv A sowre at the .iiij. yere.
1523 in J. W. Clay North Country Wills (1908) I. 116 The prior and covent..clayme of me..a buck or a soor agaynst Mary Magdaleyn day yerely.
1573 T. Twyne tr. Virgil in T. Phaer & T. Twyne tr. Virgil Whole .xii. Bks. Æneidos x. Ff iij b If he a rowebuck swift.., Or els a sore may find, whose tender hornes begin to ryse.
1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. ii. 58 Some say a Sore, but not a sore, till now made sore with shooting. View more context for this quotation
1633 T. Nabbes Totenham Court i. v A longing Lady in the Strand had a pricket. Then I sent a soare to Barber-Surgeons Hall.
1736 Compl. Family-piece ii. i. 232 If any Deer come out that is not weighty, or a Deer of Antlier, which is Buck, Sore, or Sorrel.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth III. 128 The buck is the first year called a fawn;..the fourth, a sore.
1865 G. F. Berkeley My Life & Recoll. II. 256 Doe or buck, pricket, sor or sorel, my orders from the Crown were that every one should be destroyed.
attributive.1577 in J. C. Jeaffreson Middlesex County Rec. (1886) I. 109 Duos coreos vocatos soreskynnes.
2. Falconry. A hawk in its second year. Also transferred (quot. 1614).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [noun] > hawk > young > in second year
intermewer1575
sore1600
1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique vii. xliii. 871 Their colour doth diuerslie change according to their mues, which cause them to be called Hagards or Sores, all one with that which is vsuallie done by dryed herings which are called Sores or red herings.
1614 T. Overbury et al. Characters in Wife now Widdow (4th impr.) sig. Fv The first yeare of her trade she is an Eyesse,..the second [a] Soare.
a1682 Sir T. Browne Certain Misc. Tracts (1683) 118 Nor must you expect from high Antiquity the distinctions of Eyess and Ramage Hawks, of Sores and Entermewers, of Hawks of the Lure and the Fist.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

soren.3

Brit. /sɔː/, U.S. /sɔr/
Forms: Middle English sour, sowr(e, soore, 1600s, 1800s saur, 1800s soar, sore.
Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norse saur-r.
Etymology: < Old Norse saur-r (Icelandic and Norwegian saur, Middle Swedish sör) mud, dirt, excrement.
dialect.
Mud; now (in Cheshire and Yorkshire) black mud, liquid manure, drainage.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > mud > [noun]
laira1340
fanc1340
mudc1400
slutchc1400
slikec1425
slipc1440
slobber1440
sorec1440
slot?a1500
glar?a1513
slubber1570
slab1622
lute1694
lutulence1727
sletch1743
sleek1774
slakec1800
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirt > [noun] > mud
loamc725
fenc897
addleOE
fanc1340
mudc1400
slutchc1400
slikec1425
slipc1440
slobber1440
sorec1440
sludge1649
mux1746
gutter1785
slakec1800
sposh1836
mudge1848
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 460/1 Sloor, or sowr, cenum, limus.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 465/1 Soore, fylthe or sovr (S., P. sowre, filthe),..lutum.
1674 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Words Saur-pool, a stinking puddle.
1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Saur, urine from the cow-house, &c.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† soren.4

Etymology: < older Flemish sore ‘droogen haerinck, rooden haerinck’ (Kilian), < Old French (harenc ) sor(e , now saur(e : see sore adj.2
Obsolete. rare.
A red herring.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > fish > cured fish > smoked fish
red herringa1399
bloat herringa1586
fumade1599
sore1600
Yarmouth capona1661
kipper1769
finnana1774
Norfolk capon1785
bukkama1805
soldier1811
bloater1832
Yarmouth bloater1832
finnie haddie1851
Californian1873
smoky1891
two-eyed steak1893
finney1906
buckling1909
lox1937
nova1964
1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique vii. xliii. 871 Their colour doth diuerslie change according to their mues, which cause them to be called Hagards or Sores, all one with that which is vsuallie done by dryed herings which are called Sores or red herings.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

soreadj.1

Brit. /sɔː/, U.S. /sɔr/
Forms: α. Old English, Middle English sar (Middle English sær, Middle English ser); northern and ScottishMiddle English sar, Middle English–1500s, 1700s sare (1500s sear, seir); Middle English sayre, Middle English–1500s sayr, Middle English– sair (1500s saire). β. Middle English sor, soor, Middle English–1500s soore, 1500s Scottish soir, Middle English– sore (1800s dialect soor, sooar), 1500s dialect zore. comparative Old English sarra, Middle English sarre, sarrar; Middle English sarure, sarer, 1500s sarar, sairar, 1500s, 1800s sairer; Middle English sorrore, Middle English– sorer. superlative Old English sarost, Middle English sarrest, 1500s, 1800s sairest, 1500s– sorest.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Common Germanic: Old English sár , = Old Frisian *sêr (West Frisian sear , North Frisian siar , sîr ), Middle Dutch seer (Dutch zeer ), Old Saxon and Middle Low German sêr (Low German sêr , seer , etc.), Old High German and Middle High German sêr (obsolete and dialect German seer , sehr ), Old Norse sárr (Icelandic sár , Norwegian saar ; Middle Swedish sār , saar ) < Germanic *sairaz (whence Finnish sairas sick, ill). Compare sore n.1
Senses 1 – 8 are now mainly archaic or dialect.
I. Senses relating to the causing of pain or distress.
1. Causing or involving bodily pain; painful, grievous; distressing or severe in this respect:
a. Of wounds, hurts, ailments, or similar causes of physical suffering.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > [adjective] > of parts of body
sorec897
aching?c1225
painful?a1425
achy-breaky1992
the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > [adjective] > causing pain
sorec897
smartc1300
throlya1375
snella1400
dolorousc1400
painfulc1400
sensible1502
afflictive1576
doloriferous1599
exasperated1611
dolorific1634
painable1649
algetic1879
algesic1880
paining1891
c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xxxviii. (1871) 272 We wieton ðæt sio diegle wund bið sarre ðonne sio opene.
c1000 in B. Thorpe Anc. Laws Eng. (1840) II. 278 Se læca þe sceal sare wunda wel gehælan, he mot habban gode sealfe þærto.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 88 Eauerse flesch is quickere. se þe hurtunge þrof is sarre.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 5198 I þan þridden dæie he sarne dæd þolede.
c1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 1775 Þe payn of dede here es bitter and sare.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3479 Hir breding was ful selcut sare, Bot hir chiltting was mikel mare.
c1400 Pety Job 293 in 26 Pol. Poems 130 A man..With hote and colde, and hungor sore, Turmented ys.
a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 205 Hit makyth a full heuy and a full Soore wounde.
1539 Bible (Great) Psalms xxxviii. 7 My loins are filled with a sore disease.
1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. L2 Foole fool, quoth she, his wounds wil not be sore . View more context for this quotation
a1629 W. Hinde Faithfull Remonstr. (1641) lxvi. 219 His weaknesse increased, by reason of a sore stopping in his breast and throate.
1655 N. Culpeper et al. tr. L. Rivière Pract. Physick xv. iii. 409 The same may also happen after sore labor in child-birth.
1831 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianae lv, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Mar. 543 You've been suffering under a sair hoast, I hear.
b. Of a blow, bite, weapon, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > [adjective] > causing pain > of a blow or weapon
smarta1200
sorea1300
sucky1934
a1300 Cursor Mundi 25543 Suet iesu..sufferd..dintes sare and smert.
c1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 6972 Þai salle..fele of vermyn bytyng sare.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iii. l. 215 Thai band thaim fast with wedeis sad and sar.
a1513 W. Dunbar Ballat Passioun in Poems (1998) I. 34 Thay..gaif him mony buffat sair.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1259 Castor..suet vnto Sedar with a sore wepyn.
1611 Bible (King James) Isa. xxvii. 1 The Lord with his sore and great and strong sworde. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) ii. i. 249 Cammels.., who haue their Prouand Onely for bearing Burthens, and sore blowes For sinking vnder them. View more context for this quotation
in extended use.c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 38 For ai þe heiar degre, þe sarrar is þe falle.
c. Of sickness.Passing into the merely intensive sense of ‘severe’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > characteristics > [adjective] > violent or severe
grimc900
strongeOE
grievousc1290
burning1393
acutea1398
maliciousa1398
peracutea1398
sorea1400
wicked14..
malign?a1425
vehement?a1425
malignousc1475
angrya1500
cacoethe?1541
eager?1543
virulent1563
malignant1568
raging1590
roaring1590
furious1597
grassant1601
hearty1601
sharp1607
main1627
generous1632
perperacute1647
serious1655
ferine1666
bad1705
severe1725
unfavourable1782
grave1888
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8061 In sekenes sar he fand him stad.
c1400 Brut 201 Þai..woxen made, or sore sikenesse þai had.
1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1845) xxix. 137 For to have remedy of his sore sekenes.
1611 Bible (King James) Deut. xxviii. 59 Sore sicknesses, and of long continuance. View more context for this quotation
1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. at Sair Sair sickness, a sair fever.
2.
a. Causing or involving, accompanied by, mental pain, trouble, or distress.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > adversity > [adjective] > attended by or causing affliction
eileOE
soreOE
unselec1050
evilc1175
derfa1225
stourc1275
feeble1297
illa1325
fella1400
unhappya1400
unwealful1412
importunea1425
noisomea1450
shrewd1482
importunable?c1485
importunate1490
funestal1538
nippingc1550
troublesome1552
pinching1563
grievesome1568
afflicting1573
afflictive1576
pressing1591
lacerating1609
funest1636
funestous1641
gravaminous1659
unkind1682
plightful1721
damning1798
acanthocladous1858
damnatory1858
fraught1966
the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > [adjective]
eileOE
soreOE
balefulc1200
carefulc1200
aching?c1225
pinefulc1225
sughendc1230
pininga1250
stinginga1250
toughc1275
deringa1325
unsetec1325
unwinc1330
throlya1375
encumbrousc1384
grievable1390
painful1395
plaintfula1400
sweamlya1400
swemandc1400
temptingc1400
importunea1425
sweamfulc1430
penible?a1439
discomfortingc1450
grievingc1450
remordingc1450
sorousc1503
badc1530
paining1532
raw1548
nippingc1550
smartful1556
pinching1563
grievesome1568
griping1568
afflictive1576
pressing1591
boisterous1599
heartstruck1608
carkingc1620
gravaminous1659
vellicating1669
weary1785
traumatizing1970
gut-wrenching1972
OE Deor 9 Beadohilde ne wæs hyre broþra deaþ on sefan swa sar swa hyre sylfre þing, þæt heo gearolice ongieten hæfde þæt heo eacen wæs.
OE Genesis 425 Þæt me is on minum mode swa sar,..þæt hie heofonrice agan to aldre.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3698 Þider com tiðende þat him wæs sær [c1300 Otho sor].
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6443 Þis ilk folk..þat moyses had vnder hand, þai did him selcuth sore trauail.
c1500 Three Kings' Sons (1895) 44 But ther is o sore point, they that shalle go, knowe not the way.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 765 The tidyngs of this matter came hastily to the Queene.., and that in the sorest wise.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Lotos-eaters: Choric Song (rev. ed.) vi, in Poems (new ed.) I. 182 Sore task to hearts worn out with many wars.
b. Of sorrow, repentance, or other feelings.
ΚΠ
OE Crist I 209 Nu þu ealle forlæt sare sorgceare.
OE Genesis 2029 Abraham..cwæð þæt him wære weorce on mode, sorga sarost, þæt [etc.].
a1200 Vices & Virtues 21 Mid oðre loke of sare birewnesse.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9088 For sar it es mi repentance.
c1421 26 Pol. Poems xx. 106 Haue mynde of my sorwe sore!
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) v. l. 714 The sayr grewans ramaynyt in his entent.
1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust I. x. 159 Besides, his penitence was very sore.
c. Of manifestations of grief: Bitter, painful.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > bitterness of heart > [adjective] > expressing or betokening bitterness
sorec1200
bitterc1230
sadc1400
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 83 He ne fecheð noht þe sore siches onneðerward his heorte.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 4969 Ioseph herd þair murning sare.
c1400 Anturs of Arth. vii Withe siking sare.
1535 G. Joye Apol. Tindale sig. F.ij Paule loked with sore sighes.
1611 Bible (King James) Gen. l. 10 They mourned with a great and very sore lamentation. View more context for this quotation
3.
a. Involving great hardships, painful exertion, unusual difficulty, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > adversity > [adjective] > full of hardship
hardOE
soreOE
starkOE
difficult1562
flinty1613
rugged1663
rough1709
rude1735
tough1890
the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [adjective] > laborious or toilsome
soreOE
workfulOE
hardOE
torc1175
beswinkfulc1230
heavya1325
sweatyc1374
travailousa1382
laboriousa1393
laborousc1405
winful1443
painfulc1480
toilous1530
operousa1538
drudging1548
travailsome1549
laboursome1551
moilingc1566
toilsome?1570
toilful1573
sweating1592
insudate1609
sweatfula1618
moliminous1656
operose1659
swinking1693
schleppy1978
OE Crist III 1418 Ða mec ongon hreowan þæt..moncynnes tuddor mancwealm seon, sceolde uncuðne eard cunnian, sare siþas.
a1200 Moral Ode 36 Monies monnes sare iswinc habbeð oft unholde.
c1420 Sir Amadace (Camden) xxi God gif him a sore grace, And alle suche waisters as he wasse.
1508 J. Fisher Treat. Penyt. Psalmes sig. rr.iiiv Poule..gate his lyuynge with his owne sore labour.
1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 639 I haue oft tymes swet in seruice full sair.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) ii. ii. 36 Sleepe,..The death of each dayes Life, sore Labors Bath. View more context for this quotation
a1629 W. Hinde Faithfull Remonstr. (1641) xxxii. 101 His painfulnesse in taking many long and sore journies.
1794 Har'st Rig cxiv. 35 In idle dreams they ne'er abound That ha'e sair wark.
1824 W. Scott Redgauntlet I. xi. 229 Sair wark he had to get the siller.
absolute.c1390 (?c1350) Joseph of Arimathie (1871) l. 620 Þorw his swete grace þe sarrest is passed.c1400 Rom. Rose 5519 Thei wolen..chaunge for softe ne for sore.
b. Of battle or other conflicts: Severe, fierce, hot.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [adjective] > carried on violently
stithc1000
strongOE
starkOE
storlicc1275
stourc1275
sharpc1381
stalwartc1420
sturdya1450
sorea1500
vehement1531
shrewd1576
perperacute1647
furied1878
a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 182 Aftyr many Sore battaillis,..he flow ouer the See.
1508 W. Dunbar Goldyn Targe (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems (1998) I. 190 The salt was all the sarar.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. 180 There was a sore fray, and slayne and drowned mo than sixe hundred frenchmen.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 5897 The assembly was sorer o þe se banke.
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xii. 23 Though the conflict be sore betweene that and my bloud. View more context for this quotation
1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 287 In that sore battel when so many dy'd. View more context for this quotation
a1791 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 234 For sair contention I maun bear.
1816 W. Scott Old Mortality xiii, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. IV. 285 He has had sair and frequent combats to sustain against the Evil One.
4.
a. Pressing hardly upon one; oppressively heavy or severe; difficult to bear or support.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > severity > [adjective]
heavyc825
grimc900
strongeOE
hardeOE
drearyOE
eileOE
sweerOE
deara1000
bitterOE
tartc1000
smartOE
unridec1175
sharp?c1225
straitc1275
grievousc1290
fellc1330
shrewda1387
snella1400
unsterna1400
vilea1400
importunea1425
ungainc1425
thrallc1430
peisant1483
sore?a1513
weighty1540
heinous?1541
urgent?1542
asperous?1567
dure1567
spiny1586
searching1590
hoara1600
vengible1601
flinty1613
tugging1642
atrocious1733
uncannya1774
severe1774
stern1830
punishing1833
hefty1867
solid1916
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 112 God schawis the richt With soir vengence.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Kings xii. 14 My father made youre yock sore, but I wyll make it yet sorer vpon you.
1611 Bible (King James) Ezek. xiv. 21 How much more when I send my foure sore iudgements vpon Ierusalem. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) ii. iv. 3 I haue seene..things strange: but this sore Night Hath trifled former knowings. View more context for this quotation
1714 M. Prior Viceroy xii On all provisions..He laid a tax full hard and sore.
1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield II. ix. 140 The hand of heaven is sore upon us.
1786 R. Burns Poems 82 Your sair taxation does her fleece.
1860 ‘G. Eliot’ Mill on Floss II. iii. v. 63 It's been a sore chance for you, young man, hasn't it?
b. Of troubles, afflictions, evils, etc.
ΚΠ
1563 N. Winȝet Wks. (S.T.S.) I. 101 (margin) A dum pastour or a wicious, is a sair scurge on the peple.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. vi. sig. Hh8 And for his dearest sake endured sore, Sore trouble of an hainous enimy.
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet v. ii. 176 You must needs haue heard, how I am punnisht With a sore distraction. View more context for this quotation
1679 C. Ness Distinct Disc. Antichrist 198 The nature of affliction which is usually sorest at last.
1742 E. Young Complaint: Night the Third 17 Man is to Man the sorest, surest Ill.
1799 A. Young Gen. View Agric. County Lincoln 341 From 30 to 40 of this stock run in the fen, but to sore loss.
1820 P. B. Shelley Ode to West Wind iv, in Prometheus Unbound 191 I would ne'er have striven As thus with thee in prayer in my sore need.
1835 T. Mitchell in tr. Aristophanes Acharnians 32 (note) Those glaring contrasts, which form the sorest ill of poverty.
1871 F. T. Palgrave Lyrical Poems 101 This is the sorest evil Of evils under the sky.
c. Of trials or temptations.
ΚΠ
?1572 R. Sempill Premonitioun Barnis of Leith (single sheet) Now thay cum in freinds clais Quhilk is ane sairer sey.
1709 I. Watts Hymns & Spiritual Songs (ed. 2) i. 99 He knows what sore Temptations mean.
1892 Photogr. Ann. II. 893 Each of these advantages must prove a sore temptation to the hand-camera worker.
d. In intensive use: Very great or serious.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adjective] > very great or extreme
strangec1380
overpassinga1382
passinga1387
most?c1430
extremec1460
horriblea1464
violenta1500
mainc1540
immortal?c1550
exquisite1552
sore1555
three-piled1598
thundering1618
devilish1639
shrewda1643
deadly1660
woundy1681
vast1696
monstrous1711
mortal1716
terrific1743
hell-fired1754
hellish1764
colossal1794
severe1805
awful1818
all-fired1829
terrible1829
quare and1847
ferocious1877
pluperfect1889
raging1889
giddy1896
utter1898
stiff1905
1555 in E. Bonner Homilies 5* We shall sone perceyue the offence not lyght, but verye sore and heynous.
1576 A. Fleming tr. L. Plancus in Panoplie Epist. 71 The same wil redound to my great blame and sore discredit.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) iii. vi. 13 To lapse in Fulnesse Is sorer, then to lye for Neede. View more context for this quotation
1825 W. Scott Talisman iii, in Tales Crusaders III. 73 Committing what would have been a sore blot in his shield of arms.
1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. II. xiv. 53 Henry was now in sore want of money.
1886 R. E. G. Cole Gloss. Words S.-W. Lincs. 137 It's a sore shame.
5. Severe, stern, hard, or harsh:
†a. Of language, commands, etc. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > strictness > [adjective] > severe or stern > of actions or utterances
sharp?c1225
stern?c1225
sore1526
hardish1676
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > harshness or severity > [adjective] > specifically of actions or utterances
stern?c1225
sore1526
severe1561
savage1821
acidic1936
1526 Bible (Tyndale) 2 Cor. x. 10 The pistles (sayth he) are sore and strong: but his bodyly presence is weake.
1548 H. Latimer Notable Serm. sig. B.viiv A soore word for them that are neglygent.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) iii. i. 11 I must remoue Some thousands of these Logs, and pile them vp, Vpon a sore iniunction. View more context for this quotation
b. Of persons. Now dialect. (Common in 16th cent.)
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > strictness > [adjective] > severe or stern
wrothc893
retheeOE
stithc897
starkOE
sternOE
hardOE
dangerous?c1225
sharpa1340
asperc1374
austerec1384
shrewda1387
snella1400
sternful?a1400
unsterna1400
dour?a1425
piquant1521
tetrical1528
tetric1533
sorea1535
rugged?1548
severe1548
hard-handed1611
Catonian1676
tetricous1727
heavy1849
acerbic1853
stiff1856
Catonic1883
tough1905
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > harshness or severity > [adjective]
heavyc825
retheeOE
stithc897
hardeOE
starkOE
sternOE
dangerous?c1225
sharp?c1225
unsoftc1275
sturdy1297
asperc1374
austerec1384
shrewda1387
snella1400
sternful?a1400
dour?a1425
thrallc1430
piquant1521
tetrical1528
tetric1533
sorea1535
rugged?1548
severe1548
iron1574
harsh1579
strict1600
angry1650
Catonian1676
Draconic1708
tetricous1727
alkaline1789
acerbic1853
stiff1856
acerbate1869
acerbitous1870
Draconian1876
Catonic1883
a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) ii. i. sig. F.iiii I dare not be so sore as vtterli to forbidde it.
1553 T. Wilson Arte Rhetorique (1580) 123 I call him that is a cruell or mercilesse man, somwhat sore in iudgement.
1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 87 She is verie extreme and sore towards hir yong.
c1572 G. Gascoigne Posies in Wks. (1907) I. 73 Our landlordes a zore man: He racketh up our rentes.
1901 ‘G. Douglas’ House with Green Shutters 324 Maybe the Lord Jesus Christ'll no' be owre sair on me.
6. Of a strong, severe, or violent character in respect of operation or effect:
a. Of feelings.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > passion > [adjective]
fieryc1325
sorec1449
vehementa1492
fired1561
passionate1567
vivid1853
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 295 His..ouer soor inclinacioun of loue anentis hem.
1611 Bible (King James) Psalms ii. 5 Then shall hee..vexe them in his sore displeasure. View more context for this quotation
1810 G. Crabbe Borough iv. 45 Some when converted sigh in sore amaze.
b. Of storms, weather, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > [adjective] > severe or violent (of weather or elements)
retheeOE
strongOE
stithc1100
snella1400
woodc1400
outrage?a1425
violentc1425
sternc1449
strainable1497
rigorous1513
stalwart1528
vehement1528
sore1535
sturdy1569
robustious1632
severe1676
beating1702
shaving1789
snorting1819
wroth1852
wrathy1872
snapping1876
vicious1882
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms xvii. 14 He cast sore lighteninges, & destroyed them.
1556 in J. G. Nichols Chron. Grey Friars (1852) 28 Soch a sore snowe & a frost.
a1593 C. Marlowe Edward II (1594) sig. I With awkward windes, and sore tempests driuen To fall on shoare.
1866 J. M. Neale Sequences & Hymns 36 Brought her through the sorest tempest.
c. Of persons or other agents.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > [adjective]
outragea1325
violentc1384
boistousa1387
outrageousc1390
outraiousc1390
harageous?a1400
hetera1400
methelessc1400
ruffian1528
termagant1546
sore1565
ruffianly1570
boisterous1581
violousa1626
tory-rory1678
plug-ugly1857
radge1857
amok1868
tough1884
roughhouse1896
butch1939
shit-kicking1953
hard-ass1967
tasty1974
1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus Aduersarius acerrimus, a very sore and earnest [adversary].
1592 T. Tymme Plaine Discouerie Ten Eng. Lepers B ij Nimri was a sore driver.
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet v. i. 167 Your water is a sore decayer of your whorson dead body. View more context for this quotation
1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso (1674) i. lxvii. 85 Princes meet with no sorer enemies, than male-contents.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 122/2 Cattle, Horses, &c. are sore hurts both to Gardens & Orchards.
d. Of actions. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [adjective]
retheeOE
hotOE
strongOE
woodlyc1000
un-i-rideOE
stoura1122
brathc1175
unridec1175
unrudec1225
starklyc1275
toughc1275
wood1297
ragec1330
unrekena1350
biga1375
furialc1386
outrageousc1390
savagea1393
violenta1393
bremelya1400
snarta1400
wrothlya1400
fightingc1400
runishc1400
dour?a1425
derfc1440
churlousa1450
roida1450
fervent1465
churlish1477
orgulous1483
felona1500
brathfula1522
brathlya1525
fanatic1533
furious1535
boisterous1544
blusterous1548
ungentle1551
sore1563
full-mouthed1594
savage wild1595
Herculean1602
shrill1608
robustious1612
efferous1614
thundering1618
churly1620
ferocient1655
turbulent1656
efferate1684
knock-me-down1760
haggard-wild1786
ensanguined1806
rammish1807
fulminatory1820
riproarious1830
natural1832
survigrous1835
sabre-toothed1849
cataclysmal1861
thunderous1874
fierce1912
cataractal1926
1563 2nd Tome Homelyes Whitsunday ii The byshops of Rome haue for a long time made a sore chalenge therunto.
†7. Strong, weighty, valid. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [adjective]
important1444
substantious1483
sore1530
relevantc1540
importing1579
of great (little, etc.) weight1581
grave1594
dear1598
consequentious1634
concerning1641
of concern1651
consequent1659
weighty1662
interesting1711
capital1724
consequential1728
magnitudinous1777
makulu1899
operative1955
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > foundation in fact, validity > [adjective]
goodOE
substantial1419
soundc1440
allowablec1443
stronga1475
stable1481
infallible1526
sore1530
sincere1536
acknowledged1548
of…validity1581
firm1600
acknowledgeable1630
valiant1632
infallid1635
valid1651
copper-bottomed1890
1530 J. Rastell New Bk. Purgatory iii. vii. sig. f3 That is a very sore obieccyon, that thou hast now put and aledged.
1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason sig. Uijv To persuade hym ye better he vsed this sore reason.
8. dialect. = sorry adj. and n.1 (See quots.)In Destr. Troy 10445 sore appears to have this sense, but may be an error for sori sorry adj. and n.1
ΚΠ
a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Sore, sorry; vile; worthless... ‘He made a sore hand of it!’
1839 G. C. Lewis Gloss. Words Herefordshire 99 ‘A sore fellow’ means a rogue, a rascal. ‘A sore time’ means a sad time.
1866 J. E. Brogden Provinc. Words Lincs. Sore, bad, sorry. He's made a sore job of it.
1880 W. H. Patterson Gloss. Words Antrim & Down 96 Sore,..pitiful or contemptible. ‘He's a sore fool.’
II. Senses relating to the suffering of pain or distress.
9.
a. Of parts of the body: in pain; painful, aching. Now spec.: having the skin broken or raw.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [adjective] > raw of flesh
soreOE
rawc1390
rawish1577
red-raw1749
sprayed1869
OE Riddle 13 6 Ne wæs hyra ængum þy wyrs, ne siðe þy sarre, þeah hy swa sceoldon reafe birofene, rodra weardes meahtum aweahte. muþum slitan haswe blede.
c1000–1150 Sax. Leechd. III. 108 Wið mannes ceola þe byð sær. Þisne læce cræft man sceal ðon manne þe byð þe ceola sar.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 9730 Me scal lacnien his leomes þat beoð sare [c1300 Otho sore].
a1352 L. Minot Poems (1914) i. 15 Þai turned ogayn with sides sare.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 51 As a sore membre..[is parted] from membres þat beeþ hole..and in good poynt.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 15101 O þair fete þat semed sare.
1489 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 149 vij elne of quhyte to be logouris to the King, the tyme his leg wes sayre.
a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) iii. f. CCxxv No parte of our body can be sore or in payne, but al the other partes in maner feleth the same.
1542–3 Act 34 & 35 Hen. VIII c. 8 §1 Suche as ben peined with customable diseases: as womens brestes being sore.
1639 in F. P. Verney & M. M. Verney Mem. Verney Family 17th Cent. (1907) I. 104 His gummes are soe sore, he will not yet suffer his nurse to looke into his mouth.
1695 W. W. Novum Lumen Chirurgicum Extinctum 30 The Parts so stiff and sore, as if they never would be well.
1705 F. Fuller Medicina Gymnastica 66 I'm tyr'd, my Bones are sore.
1775 E. Burke Speech Amer. Taxation 16 Your ministerial directors..then went mumping with a sore leg in America, canting, and whining.
1823 W. Scott St. Ronan's Well II. v. 118 What signifies healing a sore foot, when there will be a broken heart in the case?
1847 F. Marryat Children of New Forest I. iv. 69 My shoulder is quite sore with the rope.
1881 Trans. Obstetr. Soc. 22 14 There was no spot sore to touch.
figurative.1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey I. iii. 252 Who while my soul is sore Of fresh affronts, are meditating more.
b. Of the eyes, throat, etc.: painful through inflammation or other morbid condition. a sight for sore eyes: see sight n.1 1d.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > [adjective] > of parts of body > through morbid condition
sorea1400
(a)
a1400 Stockholm Med. MS. f. 128 For sore eyne..it is preuyd.
1565 J. Hall Hist. Expost. in tr. Lanfranc Most Excellent Woorke Chirurg. sig. Bbbijv Well..seyng that you can heale sore eyes: what is an eye?
1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida v. i. 29 Thou greene sacenet flap for a sore eye. View more context for this quotation
c1680 W. Beveridge Serm. (1729) I. 28 Being troubled with sore eyes.
1765 T. Gray Shakespeare in Corr. Gray & W. Mason (1853) 340 12 But may not honey's self be turn'd to gall By residence, by marriage, and sore eyes?
figurative.1673 W. Cave Primitive Christianity iii. i. 220 The brightness of his conversation offended the sore eyes of other men.(b)1686 in F. P. Verney & M. M. Verney Mem. Verney Family 17th Cent. (1907) II. 423 I have a cold and a sore Throat.1719 J. Quincy Lexicon Physico-medicum (1722) 13 As they [tonsils] are subject to Inflammation, they frequently are the Occasion of what the common People call a sore Throat.1787 J. Collins in Med. Communications 2 364 Putrid sore-throat, or angina maligna.1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair li. 453 The professional personages..would leave off their sore throats in order to sing at her parties.1898 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon (at cited word) Sore-throat, clergyman's, chronic follicular pharyngitis.(c)1853 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 73/1 Aphtha,..the disease of infancy, otherwise called thrush, or sore mouth.
c. Scottish. Of the head: aching. a sore (Sc. sair) head, a headache.See also like a bear with a sore head at bear n.1 Phrases 6.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > pain in specific parts > [noun] > in head
headwarkeOE
headacheOE
headachinga1400
sodac1540
sood1547
a sore (Sc. sair) headc1550
raging1561
cephalalgy1607
head1783
splitter1860
headachiness1862
the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > pain in specific parts > [adjective] > in head
sorec1550
splitting1828
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 53 The decoctione of it is remeid for ane sair hede.
1643 Orkney Witch Trial in Abbotsford Club Misc. (1837) I. 177 Ȝe said also that Bessie Spence hes ay ane sore head, it is ay pained.
1739 A. Nicol Poems 52 (Jam.) Syne supperless I go to bed; The morn I wake with a sare head.
1787 R. Burns Death & Dr. Hornbook xxvi, in Poems (new ed.) 63 Tippence-worth to mend her head, When it was sair.
1824 J. Mactaggart Sc. Gallovidian Encycl. 324 A confounded sair head, proceeding from the effects of taking the wee drap.
1880 W. H. Patterson Gloss. Words Antrim & Down 96 Sore head, a headache.
d. Colloquial phrase dressed (or done, etc.) up like a sore finger (or toe) and variants, overdressed. Australian and New Zealand.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > wearing clothing > [adjective] > overdressed
got up like a pox doctor's clerk1680
bedizened1707
overdressed1769
dressed (or done, etc.) up like a sore finger (or toe)1919
tarted1938
1919 W. H. Downing Digger Dial. 46 Sore finger, an overdressed person (e.g. ‘dolled up like a sore finger’).
1939 K. Tennant Foveaux 430 You ought to a seen us in the ole days when we 'ad a procession every year—done up like a sore toe with banners and floats.
1943 J. A. W. Bennett in Amer. Speech 18 91 ‘All done up like a sore toe’ describes someone dressed over-elaborately; many New Zealand children go barefoot much of the time, and it is with this circumstance in mind that we must interpret the simile.
1958 H. D. Williamson Sunlit Plain 10 Get an eyeful of him! Done up like a sore toe.
1965 P. White Four Plays 168 I'm gunna get out of this suit. Dressed up like a sore finger.
e. Colloquial phrase to stick (or stand) out like a sore thumb, to be very conspicuous or obvious.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > be visible [verb (intransitive)] > be clearly visible > be conspicuous
to stand fortha1425
to catch the (also a person's) eye1585
salutea1586
stare1645
to make (familiarly to cut) a figure1699
to show up1860
to jump to the eye(s)1926
to stick (or stand) out like a sore thumb1936
1936 E. S. Gardner Case of Sleepwalker's Niece xiii. 128 ‘No,’ he said, ‘that's the one thing in the case that stands out like a sore thumb, now that I stop to think of it.’
1941 E. S. Gardner Case of Haunted Husband (1942) xvi. 126 A private detective in that atmosphere would stick out like a sore thumb on a waiter serving soup.
1958 Spectator 8 Aug. 187/1 A bad officer will stick out like a sore thumb.
1977 New Yorker 15 Aug. 42/3 In the strong late-afternoon light the twelve white houses stood out like twelve sore thumbs.
10. Of persons: suffering pain (from wounds, disease, or other cause). Frequently in alliteration with sick. Also absol.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > [adjective]
sore1297
painedc1450
grieved1577
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 6229 In such solas, As folc miȝte þat vorwounded & sor & wery was.
c1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 1461 Now er we hale, now seke and sare.
c1400 26 Pol. Poems xxvi. 109 After he felle foule and sore For luste of wemen that was hym nygh.
1542–3 Act 34 & 35 Hen. VIII c. 8 §1 In case they [surgeons] wolde minister their cunninge to sore people vnrewarded.
1611 Bible (King James) Gen. xxxiv. 25 On the thirde day when they were sore [after circumcision] . View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) iii. i. 66 If you went in paine Master, this knaue wold goe sore . View more context for this quotation
1700 J. Dryden To my Kinsman J. Driden in Fables 99 While sore of Battel, while our Wounds are green.
1837 J. Richardson Brit. Legion (ed. 2) ii. 291 He was exceedingly sore and faint with the bruises he had received.
11. Afflicted with sorrow or grief; pained, distressed:
a. Of the heart, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > [adjective]
sorelyc888
gramec893
sorrowfuleOE
unblithec897
sorryeOE
carefulOE
charyOE
sickOE
yomerOE
sorry-moodOE
sweerc1000
yomerlyOE
sorrilyOE
woea1200
balec1220
sorry?c1225
sorec1275
sorec1275
gremefula1300
sada1300
ruthlyc1300
thoughtfulc1300
woebegonea1325
heavyc1330
grievousc1374
woefula1375
sorrowya1382
dereful?a1400
sorousa1400
sytefula1400
teenfula1400
wrotha1400
balefulc1400
tristy?c1400
tristc1420
dolefulc1430
wapped in woec1440
yhevidc1440
dolenta1450
condolentc1460
discomforted1477
tristfula1492
sorrow1496
dram?a1513
dolorous1513
earnful?1527
troublous1535
amort1546
mournfula1558
passioned1560
sadded1566
tristive1578
distressed1586
passionate1586
sorrowed1596
distressful1601
passionful1605
sighful1606
contristed1625
anguishinga1642
sadful1658
saddened1665
tristitious1694
sick as a parrot1705
pangful1727
woesome1778
grieving1807
ruesome1833
yearned1838
doleant1861
mournsome1869
thoughted1869
tragical1887
grief-stricken1905
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 76 For he nefde nenne sune þe sarure was his heorte.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 4044 Manie tiding quad balaam ðor, Ðe made balakes herte sor.
c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 2141 Markes hert was sare.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccccv. 704 His mynde was so sore therof, that no man coude set hym therfro.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 2074 With hoge harmes to haue, & his hert sarre.
c1560 A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) xviii. 4 I most departe Frome hir..With hairt full soir.
1721 A. Ramsay Prospect of Plenty 11 'Till..wi' a heart right sair, He sees the bites grow bein, as he grows bare.
1786 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 155 An' Jean had e'en a sair heart To see't that night.
1834 T. Pringle Afr. Sketches xiv. 435 They were brothers—until the herds of the Amakosa increased so as to make the hearts of the Boors sore.
1871 C. Gibbon For Lack of Gold iii I think I have made both your hearts sorer than they were before.
1891 F. W. Farrar Darkness & Dawn I. vii. 47 With a sore conscience [he] was constantly driven to do what he disapproved.
b. Of persons. Now dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > [adjective]
sorelyc888
gramec893
sorrowfuleOE
unblithec897
sorryeOE
carefulOE
charyOE
sickOE
yomerOE
sorry-moodOE
sweerc1000
yomerlyOE
sorrilyOE
woea1200
balec1220
sorry?c1225
sorec1275
sorec1275
gremefula1300
sada1300
ruthlyc1300
thoughtfulc1300
woebegonea1325
heavyc1330
grievousc1374
woefula1375
sorrowya1382
dereful?a1400
sorousa1400
sytefula1400
teenfula1400
wrotha1400
balefulc1400
tristy?c1400
tristc1420
dolefulc1430
wapped in woec1440
yhevidc1440
dolenta1450
condolentc1460
discomforted1477
tristfula1492
sorrow1496
dram?a1513
dolorous1513
earnful?1527
troublous1535
amort1546
mournfula1558
passioned1560
sadded1566
tristive1578
distressed1586
passionate1586
sorrowed1596
distressful1601
passionful1605
sighful1606
contristed1625
anguishinga1642
sadful1658
saddened1665
tristitious1694
sick as a parrot1705
pangful1727
woesome1778
grieving1807
ruesome1833
yearned1838
doleant1861
mournsome1869
thoughted1869
tragical1887
grief-stricken1905
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 321 Þe king wes on mode sar [c1300 Otho sor] þat wes for his monne lure.
a1400 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 7051 Þeruore þe kyng vor hys deþ þe sorrore was.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1987 Vche segge as sore to seuer with hym þere As þay hade wonde worþyly with þat wlonk euer.
1483 Cath. Angl. 349/1 Sore, dolens.
1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. lxi. [lxiii.] 203 The foresayd knyght helde hymselfe sore of the informacyon of his wyfe.
1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby ‘I's varry sair for 't,’ sorry for it.
12.
a. Of persons or their feelings: Inclined to be irritated or grieved; irritable, sensitive; angry, resentful. Also const. about, on, and at. Now colloquial (chiefly North American).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > [adjective]
irrec825
gramec893
wemodc897
wrothc950
bolghenc1000
gramelyc1000
hotOE
on fireOE
brathc1175
moodyc1175
to-bollenc1175
wrethfulc1175
wraw?c1225
agrameda1300
wrathfula1300
agremedc1300
hastivec1300
irousa1340
wretheda1340
aniredc1350
felonc1374
angryc1380
upreareda1382
jealous1382
crousea1400
grieveda1400
irefula1400
mada1400
teena1400
wraweda1400
wretthy14..
angryc1405
errevousa1420
wrothy1422
angereda1425
passionatec1425
fumous1430
tangylc1440
heavy1452
fire angry1490
wrothsomea1529
angerful?1533
wrothful?1534
wrath1535
provoked1538
warm1547
vibrant1575
chauffe1582
fuming1582
enfeloned1596
incensed1597
choleric1598
inflameda1600
raiseda1600
exasperate1601
angried1609
exasperated1611
dispassionate1635
bristlinga1639
peltish1648
sultry1671
on (also upon) the high ropes (also rope)1672
nangry1681
ugly1687
sorea1694
glimflashy1699
enraged1732
spunky1809
cholerous1822
kwaai1827
wrathy1828
angersome1834
outraged1836
irate1838
vex1843
raring1845
waxy1853
stiff1856
scotty1867
bristly1872
hot under the collar1879
black angry1894
spitfire1894
passionful1901
ignorant1913
hairy1914
snaky1919
steamed1923
uptight1934
broigus1937
lemony1941
ripped1941
pissed1943
crooked1945
teed off1955
ticked off1959
ripe1966
torqued1967
bummed1970
the mind > emotion > anger > indignation or resentment > [adjective]
wrothc950
disdainousc1430
indigned1490
wrath1535
disdainful1548
stomachate1575
indignant1590
dudgeon1592
snarling1593
grudgeful1596
stomached1603
offended1607
stomachful1610
injured1634
indign1652
resentful1656
disobliged1673
piqued1689
begrudging1693
sorea1694
huff1714
indignant1744
dudgeoned1796
miff1797
miffed1805
ear-sore1865
niffed1880
the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > touchiness > [adjective]
stomaching1579
pepper-nosed1580
ticklish1581
touchy1602
sensible1613
touchousa1618
tender1641
tickly1661
indigestive1670
snuffy1678
huffy1680
snuffish1689
sorea1694
mifty1699
resentive1710
sensitive1735
uppish1778
miffish1790
miffy1810
stomachy1825
porcupinish1829
insultable1841
offensible1846
highty-tighty1847
prickly1853
fuffy1858
piquable1860
offendable1864
raw1864
ear-sore1865
uffish1871
porcupiny1890
feisty1896
ticklish-tempered1897
toey1930
a1694 J. Tillotson Wks. (1820) I. 428 Malice and hatred are very fretting and vexatious, and apt to make our minds sore and uneasy.
1738 A. Pope One Thousand Seven Hundred & Thirty Eight 4 Laugh at your Friends, and if your Friends are sore, So much the better, you may laugh the more.
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering I. v. 76 One of the few subjects on which he felt sore.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 233 The public mind was so sore and excitable that these lies readily found credit.
1853 C. Dickens Child's Hist. Eng. II. xix. 107 The people..were still very sore about the French marriage.
1868 H. Woodruff & C. J. Foster Trotting Horse Amer. iii. 54 This is an indication that he has had too much work for his age, and has got sore on it.
1884 G. C. Davies Peter Penniless xxxii. 230 Everybody was greatly amused at the incident, except Quadling, who was sore about it for a long time.
1904 N.Y. Evening Post 13 June 1 Kelly denied the charges and said the patrolman was ‘sore’ on him.
1923 R. D. Paine Comrades Rolling Ocean xiv. 252 All hands were sore on him, but he couldn't take a hint.
1927 Sat. Evening Post 24 Dec. 22/3 What made me so sore..was her thinkin' she could high-hat me.
1932 P. G. Wodehouse Hot Water xvi. 257 But surely you aren't going to get sore at a little thing like that?
1946 Sunday Disp. 8 Sept. 2/7 They were sore about the decision that had deprived them of complete victory.
1954 E. Pangborn Mirror for Observers (1955) ii. iv. 135 ‘Did you think I was sore?’ ‘You had a right to be.’ ‘Nah. Hold everything.’
1975 D. Lodge Changing Places iii. 120 Nobody believed him of course, and this made him sore as hell.
1980 Amer. Notes & Queries Jan. 71/1 Jonson is likely to have been sore about Shakespeare..styling himself gentle.
b. sore place, sore point, sore spot, a point or matter in respect of which one is easily vexed or irritated.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > touchiness > [noun] > point in respect of which
quicka1529
sore place1690
raw1825
1690 W. Walker Idiomatologia Anglo-Lat. 426 It is a sore place; i.e. a thing that being touched upon will gall or grieve.
1863 Bradford Advertiser 18 July 5/2 Some specially sore point to which you can direct your attack.
c. Similarly with subject, etc.
ΚΠ
1803 C. Wilmot Jrnl. 6 Mar. in Irish Peer on Continent (1924) 170 This however is a sore subject, as..there is scarcely any one that one sees who is not a living victim.
1833 H. Martineau Berkeley the Banker i. viii. 167 It was indeed a sore subject in every house in Haleham.
1871 G. Meredith Harry Richmond III. vii. 107 There lies the evil of a sore subject among persons of one household.
1886 W. J. Tucker Life E. Europe 251 Now that they are Christians, the thought of having three of their children interred in a Jewish cemetery is a very sore one with them.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
sore-foot adj.
ΚΠ
1911 Blackwood's Mag. Nov. 579/1 We see him arriving sorefoot at the Three Pigeons in Brentford.
sore-footed adj.
ΚΠ
1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park II. x. 234 She had only to rise and..pass quietly away..sore-footed and fatigued. View more context for this quotation
1927 T. S. Eliot Journey of Magi And the camels galled, sore-footed, refractory.
sore-hearted adj.
ΚΠ
1570 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. x. 394 Quhilk sycht to se..maid me sair hartit.
1884 D. Boucicault Shaughraun iii. i. 20/1 Blessings on your path; it always leads to the poor and to the sore-hearted!
1923 D. H. Lawrence Birds, Beasts & Flowers (N.Y. ed.) 44 Open..And red at the core with the last sore-heartedness, Sore-hearted-looking.
sore-heartedness n.
ΚΠ
1923 D. H. Lawrence Birds, Beasts & Flowers (London ed.) 55 Open..And red at the core with the last sore-heartedness, Sore-hearted-looking.
sore-rimmed adj.
ΚΠ
1915 D. H. Lawrence Rainbow xiii. 371 He lifted his face, the sore-rimmed eyes half smiling.
sore-toed adj.
ΚΠ
1874 W. Cory Lett. & Jrnls. (1897) 364 Men who are a little too sore-toed for marching.
C2.
sore-back n. attributive (of horses) having a sore back.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of horses > [adjective] > disorders of back
saddle bitten1591
tifled1703
sore-backed1901
sore-back1923
1923 in ‘M. Twain’ Speeches 9 They have always got a sore-back horse lying around somewhere to sell to the stranger.
sore-back v. transitive to give (a horse) a sore back.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of horses > cause injury or disease of horse [verb (transitive)] > strain back or shoulder
sway1611
splat1614
sore-back1835
swing1844
1835 J. E. Alexander Sketches in Portugal x. 224 It [sc. a hunting-saddle] sore-backs strange horses, is hard and smooth to the rider, and one can't carry any thing on it in the shape of arms or baggage.
sore-backed adj. (see sore-back vb.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of horses > [adjective] > disorders of back
saddle bitten1591
tifled1703
sore-backed1901
sore-back1923
1901 R. Kipling Five Nations (1903) 163 A top of a sore-backed Argentine, with a thirst that you couldn't buy.
1933 J. V. Allen Cowboy Lore iv. 131 But he went to see the gals on a sore-backed hoss.
sore-eyed adj. having sore eyes; also applied to sheath-billed pigeons, which have reddish caruncles round the eyes.
ΚΠ
a1733 in Prior's Poems (1733) III. 110 He's dropsical, she is sore-ey'd.
1756 C. Smart tr. Horace Epistles i. ii, in tr. Horace Wks. (1826) II. 191 To him, that is a slave to desire or to fear, house and estate do just as much good as paintings to a sore-eyed person.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

soreadj.2

Forms: Also Middle English sor, soore, Middle English–1500s sowre, 1500s–1600s soare, 1600s sorre, 1600s–1800s soar; ScottishMiddle English–1500s soyr, 1500s soir.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman (1086 in Domesday Bk.) and Old French sor, modern French saur(e, = Provencal saur , sor , Spanish soro , Italian sauro , medieval Latin saurus , sorus , sorius , of undetermined origin. Compare sore n.2
Obsolete exc. Historical.
1. Falconry. Applied to a hawk of the first year that has not moulted and still has its red plumage (now called a red hawk); hence applied to the plumage itself; occasionally extended to other birds of prey, as the kite and eagle.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > bird of prey > [adjective] > young and red
sorec1450
the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [adjective] > of hawk > having parts of particular type
sorec1450
mailed1575
noble1606
pounced1687
ignoble1768
the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [adjective] > of hawk > of parts of
sorec1450
rakish1855
c1450 Godstow Register 259 A sperehawke sowre.
c1481 in H. E. Malden Cely Papers (1900) (Camden) 81 The fayreste sor hawke..within aull Yngelond.
1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid vii. Prol. 125 The soir gled quhislis loud wyth mony ane pew.
1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 69 That Hawke, that is mewed, and hath cast hir soare feathers.
1596 E. Spenser Fowre Hymnes 26 Of the soare faulcon so I learne to fly.
1614 S. Latham Falconry i. x. 37 The passenger soare-Faulcon is a more choice and tender hawke.
1641 J. Milton Animadversions 6 A soar-Eagle, would not stoope at a flye.
1677 London Gaz. No. 1180/4 Lost upon Hunslow Heath,..a Sore Tassel Gentle, with the Kings Varvels.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Falco The third [name] is the soar hawk, so called in September, October, and November.
1779 Encycl. Brit. IV. 2901/2 If it be a soar-falcon,..she will indeed be harder to reclaim.
1852 R. F. Burton Falconry in Valley of Indus iv. 41 (note) It becomes..a ‘soar-hawk,’ or ‘soarage’ when it has begun to prey for itself.]
figurative.1615 T. Tomkis Albumazar iii. iv. sig. F3 Fully mued From browne soare feathers of dull yeomanry To th' glorious bloome of gentry.
†2. Of a horse: Of a reddish-brown colour. Obsolete. Cf. sorrel adj. a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > colour or marking > [adjective] > sorrel, bay, or chestnut
bayc1374
sorea1400
sorrelled1403
sored1420
favel1490
bullace-bay1690
a1400 Sir Degrev. 76 Fayer stedes in the stallus, Lyard and soore.
a1505 R. Henryson Test. Cresseid 211 in Poems (1981) 118 Four ȝokkit steidis... The first was soyr, with Mane als reid as rois.
1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid xii. Prol. 27 Eous the steid..Abuf the seyis lyftis furth his heid, Of cullour soyr.
1564 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories Archdeaconry Richmond (1853) 171 ij fylles, a dappell graye and a sowre baye.
1679 J. Grahame in O. Airy Lauderdale Papers (1885) III. xcv. 165 With a pitch fork they made..an opening in my sorre horses belly.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

sorev.1

Brit. /sɔː/, U.S. /sɔr/
Forms: Also northern and ScottishMiddle English–1500s sare, Middle English–1500s sair.
Etymology: < sore adj.1 Compare Old Frisian sêria, Old Saxon sêrian (Middle Low German sêren), Middle Dutch seeren (Dutch zeeren), Old High German, Middle High German sêren (modern German versehren), Old Norse and Icelandic sǽra (Swedish såra, Danish saare). Old English had sárian to be pained or grieved.
a. transitive. To make sore, in various senses; to give (physical or mental) pain to; †to wound.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > cause mental pain or suffering to [verb (transitive)]
heavyc897
pineeOE
aileOE
sorryeOE
traya1000
sorrowOE
to work (also do) (a person) woeOE
angerc1175
smarta1200
to work, bake, brew balec1200
derve?c1225
grieve?c1225
sitc1225
sweam?c1225
gnawc1230
sughc1230
troublec1230
aggrievea1325
to think sweama1325
unframea1325
anguish1340
teen1340
sowa1352
distrainc1374
to-troublea1382
strain1382
unglad1390
afflicta1393
paina1393
distressa1400
hita1400
sorea1400
assayc1400
remordc1400
temptc1400
to sit (or set) one sorec1420
overthrow?a1425
visit1424
labour1437
passionc1470
arraya1500
constraina1500
misgrievea1500
attempt1525
exagitate1532
to wring to the worse1542
toil1549
lament1580
adolorate1598
rankle1659
try1702
to pass over ——1790
upset1805
to touch (also get, catch, etc.) (a person) on the raw1823
to put (a person) through it1855
bludgeon1888
to get to ——1904
to put through the hoop(s)1919
the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (transitive)] > wound
woundc760
breakc1175
hurt1297
sorea1400
bewound?1567
vuln1583
vulnerate1599
gugg1633
sauciate1645
plunk1888
traumatize1903
the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > suffer pain [verb (transitive)] > cause pain
aileOE
grieve?c1225
girdc1275
painc1375
putc1390
sorea1400
troublec1400
anguisha1425
vex?c1425
urn1488
suffera1500
exagitate1532
fire1602
trachle1889
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 14147 Al if þai soght fand þai na bote, þe seke him saris fra heued to fote.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xxvi. 566 I fere to sore the kyng.
c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. ix. xxi. f. 126v/2 Ane wolf..quhen scho was sarit with ye houndis.
1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 656 He socht in sa sadly, quhill sum of thame he saird.
1583 W. Fulke Def. Transl. Script. i. 56 If wee had a participle in Englishe to say, sored or botched, we woulde vse it.]
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. xii. sig. Oo7 Her bleeding brest..Was closed vp, as it had not beene sor'd [1596 bor'd].
1847 H. Bushnell Christian Nurture (1861) iii. 46 Religion itself, pressed down upon them till they are fatally sored by its impossible claims, becomes [etc.].
1894 Harper's Mag. Feb. 356/1 Some..are on foot, from soring their horses' backs.
b. With up. To annoy. colloquial (originally U.S.). rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > state of annoyance or vexation > be annoyed or vexed by [verb (transitive)] > annoy or vex
gremec893
dretchc900
awhenec1000
teenOE
fretc1290
annoyc1300
atrayc1320
encumberc1330
diseasec1340
grindc1350
distemperc1386
offenda1387
arra1400
avexa1400
derea1400
miscomforta1400
angerc1400
engrievec1400
vex1418
molesta1425
entrouble?1435
destroublea1450
poina1450
rubc1450
to wring (a person) on the mailsc1450
disprofit1483
agrea1492
trouble1515
grig1553
mis-set?1553
nip?1553
grate1555
gripe1559
spitec1563
fike?1572
gall1573
corsie1574
corrosive1581
touch1581
disaccommodate1586
macerate1588
perplex1590
thorn1592
exulcerate1593
plague1595
incommode1598
affret1600
brier1601
to gall or tread on (one's) kibes1603
discommodate1606
incommodate1611
to grate on or upon1631
disincommodate1635
shog1636
ulcerate1647
incommodiate1650
to put (a person) out of his (her, etc.) way1653
discommodiate1654
discommode1657
ruffle1659
regrate1661
disoblige1668
torment1718
pesta1729
chagrin1734
pingle1740
bothera1745
potter1747
wherrit1762
to tweak the nose of1784
to play up1803
tout1808
rasp1810
outrage1818
worrit1818
werrit1825
buggerlug1850
taigle1865
get1867
to give a person the pip1881
to get across ——1888
nark1888
eat1893
to twist the tail1895
dudgeon1906
to tweak the tail of1909
sore1929
to put up1930
wouldn't it rip you!1941
sheg1943
to dick around1944
cheese1946
to pee off1946
to honk off1970
to fuck off1973
to tweak (a person's or thing's) tail1977
to tweak (a person's or thing's) nose1983
to wind up1984
to dick about1996
to-teen-
1929 D. Runyon in Cosmopolitan July 56/1 It is a sure thing he will get sored up at the second peek.
1963 ‘R. East’ Pin Men vi. 162 He sored me up once for all and I left him flat.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† sorev.2

Etymology: Of obscure origin: compare resore v.
Hunting. Obsolete.
intransitive. Of the hare: To traverse open ground.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Lagomorpha (rabbits and hares) > [verb (intransitive)] > run across open ground
sore1486
1486 Bk. St. Albans e viij b In the feeldes where he [the hare] gooth no ways beene, Ther he sorth when he steppyth and hit may not be seene.
1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie lxxix. 237 When a Hare is in playne fieldes, she Soreth.
1602 2nd Pt. Returne fr. Parnassus ii. v. 937 By and by I might see him sore and resore, prick and reprick.
1704 Dict. Rusticum Soring..the footing of a Hare when she is in open Field; for the Huntsmen say, she soreth.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

soreadv.

Brit. /sɔː/, U.S. /sɔr/
Forms: α. Old English–Middle English sare (Middle English sære); northern and ScottishMiddle English sar(e, sayre, Middle English, 1600s sayr, Middle English– sair; 1700s–1800s sear. β. Middle English– sore (Middle English seore), Middle English sor, Middle English–1500s soore, 1500s Scottish soir. comparative Middle English sarre, Middle English sarrer, Middle English sarare, sararer, Middle English sararre; Middle English sorere, zorer, 1500s– sorer. superlative Middle English sarrest, Middle English sarest, Middle English– sorest.
Etymology: Old English sáre ( < sár sore adj.1), = Old Frisian sêr, seer, Middle Dutch seer (Dutch zeer), Old Saxon and Old High German sêro (Middle High German sêre, German sehr), Middle Swedish sāra, sāre, Danish saare.
Now chiefly archaic and dialect.
1.
a. Of striking, wounding, etc.: So as to cause considerable physical pain or bodily injury; violently or severely in this respect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [adverb] > severely
sorelyOE
sorec1000
shrewdlyc1440
ungraciouslya1525
the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > severity > [adverb]
heavilyc897
sharplyc900
hardeOE
sharpc1000
sorec1000
hardlyOE
etelichec1175
sorelyc1275
straita1300
sourc1300
grievously1303
drearilya1400
foullya1400
felly?c1400
snapelyc1420
durely1477
penallya1500
shrewlya1529
shrewdlyc1533
asperously1547
heinouslya1555
sensibly1613
instantly1638
shrowardly1664
severelya1682
atrociously1765
punishingly1839
α.
c1000 Ags. Ps. (1835) lxxvii. 33 Þonne he hi sare sloh, Þonne hi sohton hine.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 215 Swa were þe neiles dulle. þet ha..breke þe ban mare þenne þurleden. to pinen him sarre.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13822 Gecron..his spere grap anan and smat Leir þene eorl sære.
a1352 L. Minot Poems v. 12 It sowed him sare; Sare it þam smerted.
a1450 J. Myrc Instr. to Par. Priests 1416 Þe herre þat a mon ys in degre, Þe sarrer forsoþe falleþ he.
1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) ii. 354 Feyle men dede, and woundyt sar.
?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 47 Hald abak and handill me nought sair.
β. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13929 Kæi wes forwunded seore.1340 Ayenbite (1866) 238 Huo þet heȝest ualþ þe zorer he him blecheþ.a1400 Sir Beues (A.) 407 I schel him smite swiþe sore Upon is hat.1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur x. iii. 416 And fyrst he smote doune my felawe syre Bleoberys & sore wounded hym.1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. vi. sig. I An olde dog byteth sore. But..tholde bitche byteth sorer.1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccv Thei were sore beaten, wounded, and very euil intreated.1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures xiv. 44 Seeing ourselves all sore hurt.a1720 W. Sewel Hist. Quakers (1795) I. ii. 130 I did beat you very sore.1842 S. Lover Handy Andy l She..said ‘they hurt her sore’, and she was ‘bleeding a power’.
b. Of sickness or other physical suffering: Severely, dangerously, seriously.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > [adverb]
bitterlyc1000
sorec1290
uneasilyc1290
pinouslyc1429
painfullyc1440
dolorouslya1500
asperously1547
sensibly1613
afflictively1629
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > characteristics > [adverb] > violently or severely
sorec1290
stronga1400
eagerly1553
virulently1632
acutely1651
raginglya1677
full1738
the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > types of pain > [adverb] > anguish or torment
sorelyc888
sorec1290
tormentingly1575
sensibly1613
torturingly?a1625
tormentously1669
agonizingly1775
excruciatingly1808
tormentedly1891
c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 231 Longue wenden þis gode men..Þat huy weren of-hongred sore.
1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1725) 53 Þat tyme at Westmynstir Harald sore seke lay.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 593 Seiȝth me al ȝour seknesse & what so sore ȝow greuis.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xiv. 207 Many ther were throwen to grounde sore bledynge with stroke of speres.
a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 236 A man..that soore seke is.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 135 Grit pane and wo..Into thair birth thay suffir sair for ws.
1609 S. Rowlands Dr. Merrie-man (Hunterian Club) 18 An aged Gentleman sore sicke did lie.
1721 A. Ramsay Prospect of Plenty 73 Peghing fou sair beneath a lade of fears.
1842 T. B. Macaulay Horatius lxi Fast his blood was flowing; And he was sore in pain.
1878 C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David V. Ps. cxviii. 19 Our hero had also in all probability been sore sick.
†2. With much suffering; dearly. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > [adverb]
soreOE
smartingly1566
afflictedly1621
troublesomely1625
sufferingly1860
tormentedly1891
painedly1904
the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > [adverb] > suffering pain
soreOE
sufferably1548
OE Beowulf 1251 Sigon þa to slæpe. Sum sare angeald æfenræste.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4068 Þu me smite bi þon rugge ah sare [c1300 Otho sore] þu hit salt a-buggen.
a1300 Cursor Mundi 1070 Caym..Vntil his broþer nith he bare, Allas, þat boght þe sacrilages sare.
?1402 in Yorks. Archæol. Jrnl. 20 (1908) 46 Wykked lyf maath [= maketh] a man tabye ful sore.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xviii. 514 War it nocht that he war Sic a catiff, he sulde by sair His wourdis.
3.
a. With verbs of grieving, annoying, etc.: So as to cause mental pain or irritation; deeply, intensely.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > [adverb]
soreOE
sorrily?c1225
drearilya1400
sweamfullyc1420
painfullyc1440
sorelyc1450
badly1580
afflictively1629
afflictingly1657
plangently1900
the mind > emotion > suffering > state of annoyance or vexation > [adverb] > in annoying or vexatious manner > extremely
soreOE
to the sensea1616
to the blood1617
excruciatingly1839
α.
OE Genesis 1257 Me þæt cynn hafað sare abolgen.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2295 Þus seide Goðlac sære [c1300 Otho sore] him gromede.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2025 Sche told me a-noþer tale þat me tened sarre.
c1400 in 26 Pol. Poems x. 39 Ȝoure gyltes greued god so sare.
1814 W. Scott Waverley III. xvii. 251 But sair, sair angry and affronted wad she hae been. View more context for this quotation
β. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 173 Hie ben sore ofgramede, and wið hem seluen alre sorest.c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 10286 Þan ys þy peryl mykel þe more, Þat þou wraþest Crist so sore.c1386 G. Chaucer Summoner's Tale 481 Ne grevith me no thing so sore, As that this elde cherl..Blasphemed hath our holy covent eeke.1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur ii. vi. 82 The whiche sorowe greued Balyn passyngly sore.1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 8 For these, and for other sterne and cruell deedes done by hym, the sayde Nobles were sore moued against him.1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iv. 196 Be not so sore offended, Son of God. View more context for this quotation1782 W. Cowper John Gilpin 54 Although it griev'd him sore.1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad I. i. 105 Minerva held her peace,..sore displeased with father Jove.
b. Used to intensify the idea of dislike or reluctance, esp. with against one's will.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > [adverb] > intensely
sore?c1225
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 46 For þet he dude hire wes inþe frumðe sare hire vnþonkes.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 842/1 Sore agaynst my wyll,..moult enuys.
1567 R. Sempill in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. iii. 232 Sa we departit soir againis our will.
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 449 Then vnhappily came I a shoare..sore agaynst the Generals will.
1782 W. Cowper John Gilpin 158 Away went Gilpin,..sore against his will.
4. With great grief, distress, or perturbation of mind; in such a manner or to such an extent as to involve or manifest this. (Passing into a mere intensive.)
a. With verbs of weeping, lamenting, etc.
ΚΠ
α.
OE Crist III 1571 Þa womsceaþan hyra ealdgestreon on þa openan tid sare greten.
a1000 Ags. Ps. (1835) cxxxvi. 1 Ofer Babilone bradum streame, þær we sittað & sare wepað.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7924 Forr iwhillc mann birrþ wepenn her. & sikenn sare.
a1352 L. Minot Poems (1914) viii. 60 Þe knightes..Come to sir Edward sare wepeand.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9045 Wit bath his eien sar he grett.
a1400 Pistill of Susan 222 Whon we þat semblaunt seiȝ, we siked wel sare.
1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. d The king..Sair murnand in mude.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ii. xii. 15 The ȝing childring..Stude all on raw,..About the tresour quhymperand woundir sair.
1567 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. iv. 65 Scho come to me..Lamentand sair my greit calamitie.
1778– in northern and Sc. dialect use.
β. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 169 Iob.. hefde..his honden to his breste, and sore sihte.a1250 Owl & Nightingale 885 Vor oþer men hi wepeþ sore.a1400 Sir Beues (A.) 1111 Ȝhe fel adoun and wep riȝt sore.1423 Kingis Quair lxxi So sore thus sighit I with my-self allone.1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. dvjv/2 Olyuer had so moche compassyon of hym..that he sore wepte.1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Macc. ii. 39 When Matathias and his frendes herde this, they mourned for them right sore.1567 R. Sempill in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. 31 Ane bony boy was soir makand his mone.1611 Bible (King James) Judges xxi. 2 And the people..lift vp their voices, and wept sore . View more context for this quotationa1649 W. Drummond Poems (1656) 182 He who did cause her ill Sore-wailing stood.1868 W. Morris Earthly Paradise ii. 394 She turned away, lamenting very sore.
b. With verbs of repenting, rueing, etc.
ΚΠ
α.
a1000 Doomsday (Gr.) 83 Þam þe his synna nu sare geþenceþ.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 149 Þet him sare roweþ.
a1300 Cursor Mundi 25996 Sua sar þin sakes to for-thingk Þat soru thoru þin hert sink.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) ix. 469 I trow..that him sair repent sall he.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) i. l. 72 Quhar-throuch Scotland rapentyt syne full sar.
a1513 W. Dunbar Tabill of Confessioun in Poems (1998) I. 270 Into thir points quhair I haue offendit, sair I rew.
1570 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. x. 292 As efterwart thay did repent full sair.
β. a1200 Moral Ode 354 It him mai reuwe sore.c1300 St. Edward Elder (Laud) 173 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 52 Of hire misdedes heo repentede hire sore.a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1166 So sore him reu of ðat bale.c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 290 Sore hit me rwez Þat euer I made hem myself.c1412 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 663 I now repente wonder sore.1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 468 He forthocht full soir Of the grit wrang.c1560 A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) iv. 20 Syne..[she] Perchance sall soir repent.1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. viii. sig. Kk8 That all the noble knights..May sore repent with mee.1838 Wilson's Tales Borders (1839) V. 15/2 Sore, sore you have rued..that night.
c. With verbs denoting fear, dejection, doubt, etc.
ΚΠ
α.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 3809 Acc aȝȝ þeȝȝ sinndenn..sare offdredde. Off domess daȝȝess starrke dom.
c1230 Hali Meid. 15 Beo sarre offearet to fallen.
a1300 Cursor Mundi 22629 Sair þai sal do for to grise.
1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) i. 440 He dred sayr his felouny.
c1560 A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) ii. 124 Full sair he dred for blame.
1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 713 I dreid me sair I be begylit.
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 77 Thay feired not litle, bot verie sair, that..al sulde succeid verie ill.
1820 W. Scott Monastery I. iv. 148 Sair, sair my mind misgave me.
β. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 575 Þe king kwakede & is men, so sore hii were agaste.c1320 Cast. Love (Halliw.) 1580 Fulle sore mowe heo then dreden.a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3223 Sore he gunen for-dredde ben.1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xxi. 314 ‘That is soþ,’ seide satan, ‘bote ich me sore doute’.c1425 Eng. Conq. Irel. (Dublin) vii. 20 Macmorgh..be-held his men, and saw ham sor amayed.1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope ii. v Whanne the folke sawe that the erthe beganne thus to shake, they were sore aferd.1508 W. Dunbar Goldyn Targe (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems (1998) I. 189 Full sore thay dred to done a violence.a1591 H. Smith Wks. (1867) II. 5 Indeed, this news frighted him sorest.1611 Bible (King James) 1 Sam. xxviii. 15 Saul answered, I am sore distressed. View more context for this quotation1690 W. Walker Idiomatologia Anglo-Lat. 426 I was sore afraid, you had been gone.a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. iv. 366 We are trained up to dread thee sorer by the..customs of the world around us.1858 H. L. Mansel Bampton Lect. (1859) vii. 150 In our hearts we believe, yet our thoughts at times are sore troubled.
d. With verbs denoting astonishment or embarrassment.
ΚΠ
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur i. iii. 38 Thenne she sore abasshed to yeue ansuer.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin ii. 30 And thei herden hym thus sey, thei were sore a-merveyled.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xci. 292 He was stryken fro his horse to the erth sore astonyed, so that he wyst not where he was.
1592 T. Tymme Plaine Discouerie Ten Eng. Lepers Ij They would not wonder so sore at the punishment.
1620 Hist. Frier Rush sig. D1v At the which they were sore astonished.
1742 E. Young Complaint: Night the Second 26 We, sore-amaz'd, from out Earth's Ruins crawl.
1787 R. Burns Poems (new ed.) 307 John Barleycorn got up again, And sore surpris'd them all.
5.
a. So as to cause suffering, hardship, or great straits; to a painful or distressing degree; severely, grievously, oppressively.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > adversity > [adverb] > afflictingly
soreOE
sorelyc1275
angerlya1393
importunately1561
afflictively1629
afflictingly1657
α.
OE Beowulf 2311 Swa hyt lungre wearð on hyra sincgifan sare geendod.
OE Genesis 2417 Þæt sceal fyr wrecan, swefyl and sweart lig sare and grimme.
a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1116 Ðis land & þas leodon wurdon..oftrædlice sare geswencte.
c1230 Hali Meid. 7 Þu..schalt beo sare iderued under hire, as hire þral.
c1440 York Myst. xi. 160 I sall send vengeaunce ix. or x., To sewe hym sararre, or I sesse.
β. c1305 Mir. St. James 67 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 59 Þe deuel ȝeode awey, & huld him a-gyled sore.c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 38 Þei ponysche men sorere for breken of here owen lawis þan for brekynge of goddis lawe.a1400 Sir Perc. 349 The lady was never more sore bygone.1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Macc. ii. 30 The tyranny increaced so sore vpon them.1595 G. Markham Most Honorable Trag. Sir R. Grinuile sig. G4v For his owne sake, Whom desperate hazard might indamage sore.1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 197 They hate and punish Adultery very sore.1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 298 The torrid Clime Smote on him sore besides. View more context for this quotation1786 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 232 Sore-harass'd out, with care and grief.1806 T. S. Surr Winter in London III. i. 7 Unhappy stranger, you have been sore afflicted.1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake I. vii. 192 The archers shot sore at him from the wall.1870 J. H. Burton Hist. Scotl. to 1688 VI. lxviii. 418 His enemies, too, in their hour of triumph, harassed him sore and showed him little mercy.
†b. to sit (or set) one sore (see sit v. 21). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > cause mental pain or suffering to [verb (transitive)]
heavyc897
pineeOE
aileOE
sorryeOE
traya1000
sorrowOE
to work (also do) (a person) woeOE
angerc1175
smarta1200
to work, bake, brew balec1200
derve?c1225
grieve?c1225
sitc1225
sweam?c1225
gnawc1230
sughc1230
troublec1230
aggrievea1325
to think sweama1325
unframea1325
anguish1340
teen1340
sowa1352
distrainc1374
to-troublea1382
strain1382
unglad1390
afflicta1393
paina1393
distressa1400
hita1400
sorea1400
assayc1400
remordc1400
temptc1400
to sit (or set) one sorec1420
overthrow?a1425
visit1424
labour1437
passionc1470
arraya1500
constraina1500
misgrievea1500
attempt1525
exagitate1532
to wring to the worse1542
toil1549
lament1580
adolorate1598
rankle1659
try1702
to pass over ——1790
upset1805
to touch (also get, catch, etc.) (a person) on the raw1823
to put (a person) through it1855
bludgeon1888
to get to ——1904
to put through the hoop(s)1919
c1420 Sir Amadace (Camden) xxi I see a siȝte I thenke on ȝete, That sittus me nowe fulle sore.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) i. l. 439 Sone, thir tythingis syttis me sor.
c1560 A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) xx. 20 Quhat kin thing wes lufe, Quhilk now settis the so sair.
6.
a. To a grievous or serious extent; greatly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb] > specifically of something bad
sorea1300
wretchedly1546
miserably1715
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb] > extremely or exceedingly > specifically of something bad
sorea1300
grievously1340
terrible1490
beastly?1518
shrewdlyc1533
arrantly?1548
murrainly?1548
abominablea1550
pestilence1567
pestilently1567
cursedly1570
pestiferously1570
murrain1575
plaguey1584
plaguilya1586
grievous1598
scandalously1602
horridly1603
terribly1604
monstrously1611
hellish1614
dreadfullya1616
horrid1615
pestilenta1616
infernally1638
preposterously1661
woeful1684
confoundedly1694
confounded1709
glaringly1709
cursed1719
flagrantly1756
weary1790
disgustingly1804
filthy1827
blamed1833
peskily1833
pesky1833
blame1843
blasted1854
wickedly1858
blatantly1878
shamelessly1885
disgracefully1893
ruddy1913
bastarda1935
pissing1951
sodding1954
pissingly1971
a1300 X Commandm. 38 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 16 Sore and bitter þe soule [it] sal der.
1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes ii. xxxv. 151 Oure lorde sent suche a grete showre of rayne that theyre harneys was sore charged with watre.
1513 in C. Rogers Coldstream Chartul. (1879) Pref. 21 Soo soore abewsed with the faire promyses of Fraunce.
1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 37 I knaw that I haif sinnit soir.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 1124 High Passions, Anger, Hate,..shook sore Thir inward State of Mind. View more context for this quotation
1683 G. Meriton York-shire Dialogue in Pure Nat. Dial. 5 Thur Yowes are Clowclagg'd, they skitter sayr.
b. With reference to physical deterioration.
ΚΠ
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. ix All these maner of otes wear ye grounde very sore.
1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 120 This towne, was so sore wasted with fire,..that it was wholly..consumed.
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 429 The Turkes continuing the batterie, had sore shaken the aforesaid tower.
1670 S. Wilson Lassels's Voy. Italy (new ed.) ii. 135 Half of it is..sore battered with the ayre.
7.
a. With great exertion or effort; laboriously, toilsomely, hard.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [adverb]
hardOE
sorea1300
mightilya1400
strenuously1602
intenselya1631
effortfully1961
a1300 Body & Soul 67 in Map's Poems 341 Never ne thouȝtest thow..ho therfore sarrest swonk.
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 550 Þe fyrst by-gonne to pleny & sayden þat þay hade trauayled sore.
a1557 J. Cheke Let. ii, in tr. Gospel St. Matthew (1843) sig. Q J..labor as sore that ye mai thinke [etc.].
1567 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 517 Laubourand and travelland sair for his leving.
1620 Hist. Frier Rush sig. D3v Me thinks you take great paines to worke so sore your selfe.
?1795 H. Macneill Scotland's Scaith 10 Will wrought sair, but aye wi' pleasure.
1838 T. Carlyle in London & Westm. Rev. Jan. 339 Long and sore had this man thought.
1843 T. Carlyle Past & Present iii. xiii. 283 To work sore and yet gain nothing.
b. With great force or vigour; strongly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adverb]
hardlyeOE
strongeOE
hardOE
fastOE
starklyOE
stalworthlyc1175
starkc1225
mainlyc1300
fellc1330
snellc1330
stout1338
wightlya1340
sadlya1375
sharplyc1380
tough1398
stoutly1399
throa1400
wighta1400
lustilyc1400
sorec1400
vigourslyc1400
stiff1422
vigoriouslya1450
vigorouslya1450
actuallya1470
stourlyc1480
forcely?a1500
lustly1529
fricklyc1540
dingilya1555
livelily?1565
crankly1566
forcibly1578
crank1579
wightily?a1600
proudly1600
energetically1609
stiffly1623
ding-dong1628
greenly1633
hard and fast1646
slashingly1659
thwackingly1660
warmlya1684
robustly1709
sonsily1729
forcefullya1774
vim1843
zippily1924
vibrantly1926
punchily1934
zingily1951
(a)
c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 8681 Thei rode to-gedur wel sare, Many a stalworthe knyȝt thare.
1464 J. Gresham in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 294 The plee by-twene Ogan and yow was sore argued.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cxx. 144 Some of theym..drewe it to them so sore, that they brake the chenes of yron yt helde the bridge.
1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig Vertuose Boke Distyllacyon sig. Mijv The membre well and sore rubbed therwith.
(b)1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 199 On a tyme when it thoundreed veray sore.1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xciiij The wynde blewe sore against the streame.1656 W. Bradford Hist. Plymouth Plant. (1856) i. x. 87 Though it was very darke, and rained sore.
c. With severity or strictness; severely.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > strictness > [adverb] > severely or sternly
sternlyc897
stitha1000
sterna1175
foulc1275
stithlya1300
steevely1340
austerely?a1400
smartlya1400
unsternlya1400
sore1484
shrewdly1490
dourlya1500
severely1548
roundly1567
severe1599
fiercely1611
piquantly1691
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > harshness or severity > [adverb]
sternlyc897
sharplyc900
stitha1000
hardlyOE
starklyOE
sterna1175
stithlya1300
hardilyc1300
ruggedlya1382
austerely?a1400
smartlya1400
unsternlya1400
acerbly?a1425
brussly1481
sore1484
shrewdly1490
dourlya1500
severely1548
roundly1567
severe1599
strictly1602
fiercely1611
Draconically1641
rugged1661
1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) xlviii. 70 He hadde repreued them so sore, that they had..grete shame.
a1500 Lancelot of Laik (1870) 1660 Bot schortly thei sall be sar accusit.
1533 T. More Answere Poysened Bk. Pref. sig. Aa.vi Of suche bokes, as sore as they bee forboden: yet are there many bought.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1593) ii. sig. V3v Thou heardst euen now a yong man snebb me sore.
8. Eagerly, earnestly; with great desire or intensity. Chiefly with verbs of longing.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > longing or yearning > [adverb]
sore1297
longingly1435
sithingly1570
yearningly1625
achingly1765
longfully1850
yearnfully1876
(a)
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) I. 356/117 Hym longede after veneson þer after longe sore.
a1400–50 Wars Alex. 385 Þen kisses he kenely þe quene.., Langis sare to þe layke.
c1420 J. Lydgate Assembly of Gods 1045 He callyd soore for bowes and bade hem shote faste.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxi. 211 Ye shall se Huon, whose presence ye so sore desyre.
1575 G. Gascoigne Glasse of Gouernem. v. iii. sig. Lii I long sore to haue answere of my letters.
1611 Bible (King James) Gen. xxxi. 30 Because thou sore longedst after thy fathers house. View more context for this quotation
(b)c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xliii. 143 Then the Admyrall soore [1601 earnestly, Fr. mout fort] behelde Huon.1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus i. f. 1 You studie to sore Toxophile.1611 Bible (King James) Judges xiv. 17 He tolde her, because shee lay sore vpon him. View more context for this quotation1894 S. R. Crockett Raiders xxxiv. 284 I urged her sore.
†9. Closely, tightly. Obsolete.Perhaps only a contextual variation of sense 10.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > condition of being fast bound or firmly fixed > [adverb] > tightly or closely
narroweOE
straitc1200
straitly1338
sore1377
short1533
nearly1587
strictly1641
snug1674
chock1768
snugly1800
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xi. 219 I conseille alle crystene cleue nouȝte þer-on to sore.
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 58 That other Ere als faste He stoppeth with his tail so sore, That he the wordes..ne hiereth.
1426 J. Lydgate tr. G. de Guileville Pilgrimage Life Man 8797 Sche kepeth hem..Sore shet wyth lok & keye.
a1483 Liber Niger in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 69 Not to boult it soe sore vpon the gurgeones.
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (1531) 29 b It shetteth it self so sore..that..it is not so opened agayne.
1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus ii. f. 4 The string..beynge sore twined muste nedes knap in sunder.
10. To a great extent; greatly, very much.Chiefly in contexts suggestive of sense 6, but sometimes merely intensive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb]
stronglyeOE
felec950
strongeOE
highlyOE
highOE
greatlya1200
stourlya1225
greata1325
dreec1330
deeplya1400
mightya1400
dreichlyc1400
mighty?a1425
sorec1440
mainlyc1450
greatumly1456
madc1487
profoundly1489
stronglya1492
muchwhata1513
shrewlya1529
heapa1547
vengeance?1548
sorely1562
smartlyc1580
mightly1582
mightily1587
violently1601
intensively1604
almightily1612
violent1629
seriously1643
intensely1646
importunately1660
shrewdly1664
gey1686
sadly1738
plenty1775
vitally1787
substantively1795
badly1813
far1814
heavily1819
serious1825
measurably1834
dearly1843
bally1939
majorly1955
sizzlingly1956
majorly1978
fecking1983
c1440 Pallad. on Husb. i. 90 Ne picche hit not to[o] soore into the vale.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur iv. vi. 126 And anone they felle on slepe, and slepte merueillously sore all the nyght.
a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. C.ijv There was a lawe soore vsed and accustomed, and well kepte in the Romayne polycie.
1561 J. Hollybush tr. H. Brunschwig Most Excellent Homish Apothecarye f. 34 Seth the Turtel wyth water, salt her not to sore.
1606 G. W. tr. Justinus Hist. xxxv. 113 So sore hated was Demetrius among all men.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) iv. ii. 226 Oh bill sore shaming Those rich-left-heyres.
1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 343 The wain goes heavily, impeded sore By..loads adhering close To the clogg'd wheels.
1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II i. ii. 4 A shameless wight, Sore given to revel and ungodly glee.
11. With adjectives and adverbs: Very, extremely, exceedingly. Obsolete exc. dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb] > extremely or exceedingly
swithlyc888
micklelyeOE
swith971
hardOE
un-i-fohOE
sevenfoldlOE
unmeet?c1225
innerlyc1330
horribly1340
too1340
sore1474
horriblec1475
vehemently1483
outrageous1487
done?a1513
exquisite1529
strangely1532
exceeding1535
exceedingly1535
angardlyc1540
angerlyc1540
choicec1540
vengeable1542
vengeably?1550
extremelya1554
monstrous1569
thrice1579
amain1587
extremea1591
damnably1598
fellc1600
tyrannically1602
exquisitely1603
damnedly1607
preciously1607
damnablea1616
impensively1620
excellingly1621
main1632
fearful1634
vengeancelya1640
upsy1650
impensely1657
twadding1657
vastly1664
hideous1667
mainly1670
consumed1707
consumedly1707
outrageously1749
damned1757
nation1771
shockingly1777
deuced1779
darn1789
darned1807
felly1807
varsal1814
awful1816
awfy1816
frightfully1816
deucedly1819
dogged1819
awfully1820
gallowsa1823
shocking1831
tremendously1832
everlasting1833
terribly1833
fearfully1835
ripping1838
poison1840
thundering1853
frighteninglyc1854
raring1854
hell's own1863
goldarned1866
goddamned1870
doggone1871
acutely1872
whooping1874
stupidly1878
everlastingly1879
hideously1882
densely1883
storming1883
good and1885
thunderingly1885
crazy1887
tremendous1887
madly1888
goldarn1892
howling1895
murderously1916
rasted1919
goddam1921
bitchingly1923
Christly1923
bitching1929
falling-down1930
lousy1932
appallingly1937
stratospherically1941
Christ almighty1945
effing1945
focking1956
dagnab1961
drop-dead1980
hella1987
totes2006
1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. vii. 141 The kynge denys had a broder whom he louyd sore well.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) iii. 112 That I assaylled theym, it hath cost me sore dere.
1530 Compend. Olde Treat. sig. A.iv The new testament..set forthe by Master William Tyndale, which they falsely pretende to be sore corrupte.
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 98 Scheiphouses..of quhais burning thay ar nocht sair solist.
1638 R. Brathwait Barnabees Journall (new ed.) ii. sig. 16 Where growne surfoot and sore weary, I repos'd.
1860 ‘G. Eliot’ Mill on Floss II. iii. ix. 138 She was sore fond of us children.

Compounds

sore-holding; sore-dreaded, sore-meant, sore-pressed, sore-wearied, sore-won, sore-worn adjs.
ΚΠ
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xiv. 222 The haubrekes, that were stronge and sore-holdynge.
1567 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. iv. 66 My langsum lyfe and sair tormentit Spirite.
1616 J. Lane Contin. Squire's Tale x. 330 Ann apparition, which seemd at first to bee some sore ment vision.
1638 R. Brathwait Barnabees Journall (new ed.) iii. sig. S3 Thence to Ferrybrig, sore wearied, Surfoot, but in spirit cheer'd.
1786 R. Burns Cotter's Sat. Night iv, in Poems & Songs (1968) I. 146 To..deposite her sair-won penny-fee.
1787 Minor 28 That bedlam,..bedizened in sore-worn flounces.
1843 A. Bethune Sc. Peasant's Fire-side 279 It was that day..Which brings to sair worn toil a time Of needful peace.
1867 G. MacDonald Ann. Quiet Neighbourhood III. v. 91 The sore-pressed garrison which had retreated to its last defence.
1870 J. Bruce Life Gideon xviii. 335 Nigh to the spot on which those harnessed and sore-dreaded dreamers lay.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1c825n.2c1369n.3c1440n.41600adj.1c897adj.2a1400v.1a1400v.21486adv.OE
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