单词 | soluble |
释义 | solubleadj.n. A. adj. 1. Medicine. a. Of the bowels, etc.: Free from constipation or costiveness; relaxed. Now rare or Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > making or becoming liquid > action or process of dissolving > [adjective] > soluble solublec1400 dissoluble1651 dissolvable1653 liquable1658 solvable1669 the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > defecation or urination > defecation > [adjective] > relaxed condition of bowels laxc1400 solublec1400 laskc1460 loose1508 laxative1546 loose-bellied1565 slippery1597 c1400 tr. Secreta Secret. 87 It [the medicine] shall make þe takere right noght solyble, or ellys ful litell. 1450–80 tr. Secreta Seccret. 27 And it is good to travayle and to haue thi wombe soluble. 1541 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) 25 Dry figges and old make the bodye soluble. 1563 T. Gale Certaine Wks. Chirurg. iv. ii. f. 80v Prouided alwayes that the Pacient bee kepte soluble. 1620 T. Venner Via Recta i. 18 It..maketh the body soluble, and therefore sometimes good for such as are wont to be costiue. 1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ ii. lviii. 345 The Cholick if it be gentle, and the Belly soluble, it is easily cured. 1772 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 62 457 The belly should be kept soluble with lenitive Electuary, or any other mild purgative. 1843 R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xvii. 196 The citrate of soda..tends to keep up a soluble state of the bowels. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [adjective] > purgative outrunningeOE laxativea1398 purgativea1398 openinga1400 abstersive?a1425 purging?c1425 solublec1503 minorative1543 purgy1562 relaxing1562 solutive1564 benedict1576 aperitive1582 scouring1597 apertive1605 dejective1605 relaxative1611 subductory1620 calastic1621 aperient1626 cathartic1639 dejectory1640 relaxant1651 spurginga1652 cathartical1656 anastomotic1657 ecphractic1657 ecphractical1657 rhyptical1657 rhyptic1659 loosening1665 eccathartic1681 fluxing1702 chalastic1704 loosinga1722 hypactic1753 evacuatory1789 evacuant1800 relaxatory1925 c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. lxv/2 To take drynkis solyble for to purgen the bodi of euyll humors. 1582 J. Hester tr. L. Fioravanti Compend. Rationall Secretes ii. xxvii. 104 Give the Pacient..our Potion of Lignum Sanctum, the whiche is soluble and driying, and purgeth the bloud. 1620 T. Venner Via Recta viii. 176 So are there also some meats, that are of an attenuating and soluble faculty. 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. (at cited word) This is the Soluble Tartar. 'Tis accounted a very good Aperitive Medicine. 2. a. Capable of being melted or dissolved. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > making or becoming liquid > [adjective] > able to be made liquid fluxible1471 liquable1471 frima1475 soluble?a1475 liquefiable1558 liquefactible1644 liquescible1657 colliquable1666 ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 319 In Scicille is white salte,..whiche, beenge soluble [L. solubilis] in the fyre, brestethe and brekethe in the water. b. As a specific epithet with names of substances. soluble blue (also Soluble Blue), any of a class of water-soluble dyes that are di- and trisulphonic acid derivatives of aniline blue and are now used chiefly in papers and inks. In Biochemistry applied to those species of RNA now usually known as transfer RNA. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > making or becoming liquid > action or process of dissolving > [adjective] > soluble > in water soluble1836 water soluble1872 the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > blue colouring matter > [noun] > dyes and dyestuffs > other dyes stone-blue1675 starch blue1742 Saxon blue1753 fig-blue1786 chemic1792 Turkey blue1815 Paris blue1835 Saxony blue1857 soluble blue1879 methylene blue1882 indoin1884 phenylene blue1884 indamine1888 Nile blue1888 gallamine blue1889 neutral blue1889 chrome-blue1892 toluidine blue1898 indanthrene1901 Saxe blue1905 trypan blue1911 mandarin blue1912 1836–41 W. T. Brande Man. Chem. (ed. 5) 595 Solution of chlorine, or of the soluble chlorides. 1836–41 W. T. Brande Man. Chem. (ed. 5) 595 The soluble nitrate of silver. 1843 R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xxv. 321 The soluble mercury of Hahnemann was chiefly employed. 1861 R. Bentley Man. Bot. ii. iii. 471 This forms common cocoa, rock cocoa, soluble cocoa, &c. 1862 E. C. Nicholson Brit. Patent 1857 3 A colourless solution is obtained which, when neutralized.., developes the improved soluble blue dye. 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2244/2 For much that is valuable in the preparation and application of water-glass or soluble glass, we are indebted to Dr. Johann Fuchs of Munich. 1879 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 36 418 In preparing the soluble blues, the monosulphonic acids and higher-substituted acids must be of great purity. 1893 T. E. Thorpe Dict. Applied Chem. III. 562/1 Perhaps the readiest way of preparing soluble starch is that recommended by Zulkowski.., who finds that starch dissolves in hot glycerin and is converted into the soluble modification. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 684 Intramuscular injections of the soluble mercurial salts. 1952 K. Venkataraman Chem. Synthetic Dyes II. xxiii. 723 Sulphonic acids of phenylated Rosanilines, which are old dyes (Nicholson Blue, Soluble Blue, Water Blue, Alkali Blue; CI 703–707) continue to be extensively used. 1958 M. B. Hoagland et al. in Jrnl. Biol. Chem. CCXXI. 256 Evidence is presented that a soluble ribonucleic acid..binds amino acids in the presence of adenosine triphosphate. 1961 Nature 13 May 582/1 The other principal (10–15 per cent) form of RNA in E. coli is soluble RNA (now more appropriately called transfer RNA), which functions in the movement of activated amino-acids to the ribosomes. 1964 G. H. Haggis et al. Introd. Molecular Biol. xii. 306 Because of its special function this RNA is now generally called transfer-RNA, although it is also sometimes referred to as soluble-RNA, or as acceptor-RNA. 1971 R. L. M. Allen Colour Chem. viii. 115 A marked bathochromic effect is obtained by phenylation of the amino groups in rosanilines... These Soluble Blues are now little used for textile coloration, but are applied to leather, paper and..in printing inks. 1973 Times 18 Oct. (Brazil Suppl.) p. v/2 Soluble (instant) coffee exports have grown at a remarkable pace. 1974 E. Ambler Dr. Frigo iii. 185 I gave her some soluble aspirin and left. 1977 Whitaker's Almanack 914/1 The chief exports are cotton, coffee, beef, gold, sugar, cottonseed, bananas, copper and soluble coffee. c. Dissolving, solvent. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > making or becoming liquid > action or process of dissolving > [adjective] resolutivea1400 resolvative1577 resolutative1582 solvent1686 resolvent1732 solutive1732 soluble1846 diluent1878 solving1883 1846 G. E. Day tr. J. F. Simon Animal Chem. II. 358 It differs from it..in its power of resisting the soluble action of a cold solution of potash. 3. Capable of being untied or loosed. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or detachment > loosening or unfastening > [adjective] > loose, unfastened, or untied > loosened, unfastened, or untied > able to be soluble1613 dissolublea1623 dissolvable1642 1613 T. Adams Heauen & Earth Reconcil'd 22 If Balaams Asse hath but an audible voyce, and a soluble Purse. 1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess v. 101 More soluble is this knot,..By gentleness than war. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > types of material generally > [adjective] > mouldable or workable freec1300 malleablec1395 pliablec1475 workable1545 hammerable1611 mouldable1626 soluble1650 kind1747 plastic1791 temperable1841 mild1878 manipulable1881 the world > matter > constitution of matter > softness > pliableness > [adjective] > plastic malleablec1395 pliablec1475 submissivea1593 waxen1594 cereous1601 mouldable1626 shapeable1647 soluble1650 fictile1676 wax-like1748 plastic1791 1650 J. Trapp Clavis to Bible (Deut. ix. 22) 98 Keep our souls humble, supple, and soluble. 1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 80 This Canvass (to make it more soluble) is wet in Water, and the Water well wrung out again. 5. a. Capable of being solved or explained; solvable. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > answer > [adjective] > capable of being solved or answered answerable1565 extricable1623 solvablea1676 solublec1705 resolvible1816 c1705 G. Berkeley in A. C. Fraser Life & Lett. G. Berkeley (1871) 422 In physiques I have a vast view of things soluble hereby. 1850 T. Carlyle Latter-day Pamphlets i. 4 Questions not very soluble at present, were even sages and heroes set to solve them, began everywhere..to be asked. 1877 W. Sparrow Serm. xxi. 280 I refer now to those subjects, which..have more the appearance of soluble questions. b. Mathematics. = solvable adj. 3b. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [adjective] > of sets > in abstract algebra > of groups reducible1585 transitive1861 primitive1888 simple1888 special1888 cyclic1889 intransitive1889 solvable1892 finite1893 perfect1898 Abelian1900 soluble1902 proper1906 trivial1915 equivalent1948 hypercyclic1968 sporadic1968 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXIX. 140/1 A group defines uniquely the set of factor-groups that occur in its composition series... When the orders of all the factor-groups are primes the group is said to be soluble. 1940 Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 47 393 A group may be termed soluble, if it may be swept out by an ascending (finite or transfinite) chain of normal subgroups such that the quotient groups of its consecutive terms are abelian groups of finite rank. 1972 F. J. Budden Fascination of Groups xxi. 409 A group which resolves into a succession of cyclic quotient groups in this way is called a ‘soluble’ group. 6. Capable of being resolved; reducible. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > resolving of problem, solution > [adjective] > capable of being resolved resolvable1528 salvable1661 resolvible1816 soluble1826 resoluble1871 1826 S. Smith Wks. (1859) II. 98/1 A great deal of compliment to the wisdom of ancestors, and a great degree of alarm at the dreadful spirit of innovation, are soluble into mere jealousy and envy. 1858 O. W. Holmes Autocrat of Breakfast-table xi. 317 Love is sparingly soluble in the words of men. B. n. A soluble constituent, esp. of a foodstuff. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > consistency of food > [noun] > fibrous or soluble matter rough food1701 roughage1850 fibre1909 bulk1940 soluble1952 the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > constituent part or component > soluble soluble1952 1952 Poultry Sci. XXXI. 937/1 There was no change in the hatchability of eggs from the hens receiving condensed fish solubles. 1962 M. N. Hill Sea I. vi. 305 (heading) Solubles. 1972 Brit. Jrnl. Nutrition 28 221 The main growth-promoting effect of fish solubles has been shown to be mediated through the intestinal microflora of the chick. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.n.c1400 |
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