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单词 soluble
释义

solubleadj.n.

/ˈsɒljʊb(ə)l/
Forms: Also Middle English–1500s solyble, solible, 1500s solubil.
Etymology: < Old French (also modern French) soluble, = Spanish soluble, Portuguese soluvel, Italian solubile, < Latin solūbilis, < solvĕre to loosen, dissolve, etc.
A. adj.
1. Medicine.
a. Of the bowels, etc.: Free from constipation or costiveness; relaxed. Now rare or Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > liquid > making or becoming liquid > action or process of dissolving > [adjective] > soluble
solublec1400
dissoluble1651
dissolvable1653
liquable1658
solvable1669
the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > defecation or urination > defecation > [adjective] > relaxed condition of bowels
laxc1400
solublec1400
laskc1460
loose1508
laxative1546
loose-bellied1565
slippery1597
c1400 tr. Secreta Secret. 87 It [the medicine] shall make þe takere right noght solyble, or ellys ful litell.
1450–80 tr. Secreta Seccret. 27 And it is good to travayle and to haue thi wombe soluble.
1541 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) 25 Dry figges and old make the bodye soluble.
1563 T. Gale Certaine Wks. Chirurg. iv. ii. f. 80v Prouided alwayes that the Pacient bee kepte soluble.
1620 T. Venner Via Recta i. 18 It..maketh the body soluble, and therefore sometimes good for such as are wont to be costiue.
1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ ii. lviii. 345 The Cholick if it be gentle, and the Belly soluble, it is easily cured.
1772 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 62 457 The belly should be kept soluble with lenitive Electuary, or any other mild purgative.
1843 R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xvii. 196 The citrate of soda..tends to keep up a soluble state of the bowels.
b. Laxative; causing looseness of the bowels.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [adjective] > purgative
outrunningeOE
laxativea1398
purgativea1398
openinga1400
abstersive?a1425
purging?c1425
solublec1503
minorative1543
purgy1562
relaxing1562
solutive1564
benedict1576
aperitive1582
scouring1597
apertive1605
dejective1605
relaxative1611
subductory1620
calastic1621
aperient1626
cathartic1639
dejectory1640
relaxant1651
spurginga1652
cathartical1656
anastomotic1657
ecphractic1657
ecphractical1657
rhyptical1657
rhyptic1659
loosening1665
eccathartic1681
fluxing1702
chalastic1704
loosinga1722
hypactic1753
evacuatory1789
evacuant1800
relaxatory1925
c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. lxv/2 To take drynkis solyble for to purgen the bodi of euyll humors.
1582 J. Hester tr. L. Fioravanti Compend. Rationall Secretes ii. xxvii. 104 Give the Pacient..our Potion of Lignum Sanctum, the whiche is soluble and driying, and purgeth the bloud.
1620 T. Venner Via Recta viii. 176 So are there also some meats, that are of an attenuating and soluble faculty.
1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. (at cited word) This is the Soluble Tartar. 'Tis accounted a very good Aperitive Medicine.
2.
a. Capable of being melted or dissolved.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > liquid > making or becoming liquid > [adjective] > able to be made liquid
fluxible1471
liquable1471
frima1475
soluble?a1475
liquefiable1558
liquefactible1644
liquescible1657
colliquable1666
?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 319 In Scicille is white salte,..whiche, beenge soluble [L. solubilis] in the fyre, brestethe and brekethe in the water.
1764 T. Reid Inq. Human Mind iii. 115 It is probable that everything that affects the taste is, in some degree, soluble in the saliva.1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 306 There results a soap which is soluble in water.1813 H. Davy Elements Agric. Chem. vi. 237 To make it afford as much soluble matter as possible to the roots of the plant.1853 W. Gregory Inorg. Chem. 160 Borates..are for the most part insoluble. The alkaline borates alone are soluble.1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 117 Whatever soluble constituents exist in the air will be absorbed by the rain.
b. As a specific epithet with names of substances. soluble blue (also Soluble Blue), any of a class of water-soluble dyes that are di- and trisulphonic acid derivatives of aniline blue and are now used chiefly in papers and inks. In Biochemistry applied to those species of RNA now usually known as transfer RNA.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > liquid > making or becoming liquid > action or process of dissolving > [adjective] > soluble > in water
soluble1836
water soluble1872
the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > blue colouring matter > [noun] > dyes and dyestuffs > other dyes
stone-blue1675
starch blue1742
Saxon blue1753
fig-blue1786
chemic1792
Turkey blue1815
Paris blue1835
Saxony blue1857
soluble blue1879
methylene blue1882
indoin1884
phenylene blue1884
indamine1888
Nile blue1888
gallamine blue1889
neutral blue1889
chrome-blue1892
toluidine blue1898
indanthrene1901
Saxe blue1905
trypan blue1911
mandarin blue1912
1836–41 W. T. Brande Man. Chem. (ed. 5) 595 Solution of chlorine, or of the soluble chlorides.
1836–41 W. T. Brande Man. Chem. (ed. 5) 595 The soluble nitrate of silver.
1843 R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xxv. 321 The soluble mercury of Hahnemann was chiefly employed.
1861 R. Bentley Man. Bot. ii. iii. 471 This forms common cocoa, rock cocoa, soluble cocoa, &c.
1862 E. C. Nicholson Brit. Patent 1857 3 A colourless solution is obtained which, when neutralized.., developes the improved soluble blue dye.
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2244/2 For much that is valuable in the preparation and application of water-glass or soluble glass, we are indebted to Dr. Johann Fuchs of Munich.
1879 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 36 418 In preparing the soluble blues, the monosulphonic acids and higher-substituted acids must be of great purity.
1893 T. E. Thorpe Dict. Applied Chem. III. 562/1 Perhaps the readiest way of preparing soluble starch is that recommended by Zulkowski.., who finds that starch dissolves in hot glycerin and is converted into the soluble modification.
1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 684 Intramuscular injections of the soluble mercurial salts.
1952 K. Venkataraman Chem. Synthetic Dyes II. xxiii. 723 Sulphonic acids of phenylated Rosanilines, which are old dyes (Nicholson Blue, Soluble Blue, Water Blue, Alkali Blue; CI 703–707) continue to be extensively used.
1958 M. B. Hoagland et al. in Jrnl. Biol. Chem. CCXXI. 256 Evidence is presented that a soluble ribonucleic acid..binds amino acids in the presence of adenosine triphosphate.
1961 Nature 13 May 582/1 The other principal (10–15 per cent) form of RNA in E. coli is soluble RNA (now more appropriately called transfer RNA), which functions in the movement of activated amino-acids to the ribosomes.
1964 G. H. Haggis et al. Introd. Molecular Biol. xii. 306 Because of its special function this RNA is now generally called transfer-RNA, although it is also sometimes referred to as soluble-RNA, or as acceptor-RNA.
1971 R. L. M. Allen Colour Chem. viii. 115 A marked bathochromic effect is obtained by phenylation of the amino groups in rosanilines... These Soluble Blues are now little used for textile coloration, but are applied to leather, paper and..in printing inks.
1973 Times 18 Oct. (Brazil Suppl.) p. v/2 Soluble (instant) coffee exports have grown at a remarkable pace.
1974 E. Ambler Dr. Frigo iii. 185 I gave her some soluble aspirin and left.
1977 Whitaker's Almanack 914/1 The chief exports are cotton, coffee, beef, gold, sugar, cottonseed, bananas, copper and soluble coffee.
c. Dissolving, solvent. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > liquid > making or becoming liquid > action or process of dissolving > [adjective]
resolutivea1400
resolvative1577
resolutative1582
solvent1686
resolvent1732
solutive1732
soluble1846
diluent1878
solving1883
1846 G. E. Day tr. J. F. Simon Animal Chem. II. 358 It differs from it..in its power of resisting the soluble action of a cold solution of potash.
3. Capable of being untied or loosed. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or detachment > loosening or unfastening > [adjective] > loose, unfastened, or untied > loosened, unfastened, or untied > able to be
soluble1613
dissolublea1623
dissolvable1642
1613 T. Adams Heauen & Earth Reconcil'd 22 If Balaams Asse hath but an audible voyce, and a soluble Purse.
1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess v. 101 More soluble is this knot,..By gentleness than war.
4. Plastic, pliable. Also figurative. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > types of material generally > [adjective] > mouldable or workable
freec1300
malleablec1395
pliablec1475
workable1545
hammerable1611
mouldable1626
soluble1650
kind1747
plastic1791
temperable1841
mild1878
manipulable1881
the world > matter > constitution of matter > softness > pliableness > [adjective] > plastic
malleablec1395
pliablec1475
submissivea1593
waxen1594
cereous1601
mouldable1626
shapeable1647
soluble1650
fictile1676
wax-like1748
plastic1791
1650 J. Trapp Clavis to Bible (Deut. ix. 22) 98 Keep our souls humble, supple, and soluble.
1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 80 This Canvass (to make it more soluble) is wet in Water, and the Water well wrung out again.
5.
a. Capable of being solved or explained; solvable.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > answer > [adjective] > capable of being solved or answered
answerable1565
extricable1623
solvablea1676
solublec1705
resolvible1816
c1705 G. Berkeley in A. C. Fraser Life & Lett. G. Berkeley (1871) 422 In physiques I have a vast view of things soluble hereby.
1850 T. Carlyle Latter-day Pamphlets i. 4 Questions not very soluble at present, were even sages and heroes set to solve them, began everywhere..to be asked.
1877 W. Sparrow Serm. xxi. 280 I refer now to those subjects, which..have more the appearance of soluble questions.
b. Mathematics. = solvable adj. 3b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [adjective] > of sets > in abstract algebra > of groups
reducible1585
transitive1861
primitive1888
simple1888
special1888
cyclic1889
intransitive1889
solvable1892
finite1893
perfect1898
Abelian1900
soluble1902
proper1906
trivial1915
equivalent1948
hypercyclic1968
sporadic1968
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXIX. 140/1 A group defines uniquely the set of factor-groups that occur in its composition series... When the orders of all the factor-groups are primes the group is said to be soluble.
1940 Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 47 393 A group may be termed soluble, if it may be swept out by an ascending (finite or transfinite) chain of normal subgroups such that the quotient groups of its consecutive terms are abelian groups of finite rank.
1972 F. J. Budden Fascination of Groups xxi. 409 A group which resolves into a succession of cyclic quotient groups in this way is called a ‘soluble’ group.
6. Capable of being resolved; reducible.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > resolving of problem, solution > [adjective] > capable of being resolved
resolvable1528
salvable1661
resolvible1816
soluble1826
resoluble1871
1826 S. Smith Wks. (1859) II. 98/1 A great deal of compliment to the wisdom of ancestors, and a great degree of alarm at the dreadful spirit of innovation, are soluble into mere jealousy and envy.
1858 O. W. Holmes Autocrat of Breakfast-table xi. 317 Love is sparingly soluble in the words of men.
B. n.
A soluble constituent, esp. of a foodstuff.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > consistency of food > [noun] > fibrous or soluble matter
rough food1701
roughage1850
fibre1909
bulk1940
soluble1952
the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > constituent part or component > soluble
soluble1952
1952 Poultry Sci. XXXI. 937/1 There was no change in the hatchability of eggs from the hens receiving condensed fish solubles.
1962 M. N. Hill Sea I. vi. 305 (heading) Solubles.
1972 Brit. Jrnl. Nutrition 28 221 The main growth-promoting effect of fish solubles has been shown to be mediated through the intestinal microflora of the chick.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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adj.n.c1400
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