sophisticatedadj.

/səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd/

Etymology: < sophisticate v.

1. Mixed with some foreign substance; adulterated; not pure or genuine.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being mixed or blended > [adjective] > mixed with something > adulterated

sophisticatec1400

adulterine1542

adulterous1547

corrupted1563

sophistered1567

corrupt1581

carded1596

adultered1603

sophisticated1607

adulterated1610

brackish1611

adulterate1634

sophistical1658

unsincere1664

doctored1784

alloyed1806

filled1887

1607 T. Dekker Whore of Babylon sig. H3^v The drinke..they sweare Is wine sophisticated, that does runne Low on the lees of error.

1651 J. French Art Distillation To Rdr. sig. *4^v They..have brought a great Odium upon it by carrying about, and vending..their sophisticated oils, & salts.

1687 M. Prior & Earl of Halifax Hind & Panther Transvers'd 27 To give sophisticated Brewings vent.

1806 W. Henry Epitome Chem. (ed. 4) iii. ii. 376 The fraud is detected by adding alcohol to the sophisticated spirit.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. IV. 371 It is essential that water should be introduced, either pure or sophisticated.

a. Altered from, deprived of, primitive simplicity or naturalness. Of a literary text: altered in the course of being copied or printed.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > bad taste > lack of simplicity > [adjective]

sophisticate1601

sophisticated1603

unnatural1735

society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > textual criticism > version of text > [adjective] > altered by copyist or printer

sophisticated1948

1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. ii. xii. 311 And truely, Philosophie is nothing else but a sophisticated poesie.

1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 119 The sophisticated Art..drew still the eyes and minds of unadvised spectators.

1684 Bp. G. Burnet tr. T. More Utopia 119 Among those who pursue these sophisticated Pleasures, they reckon those..who think themselves really the better for having fine Clothes.

1782 V. Knox Ess. vii. 33 He is..pursuing all the sophisticated joys, which succeed to supply the place where Nature is relinquished.

1825 W. Scott Talisman x, in Tales Crusaders III. 240 All this internal chain of feudal dependence is artificial and sophisticated.

1871 L. Stephen Playground of Europe i. 7 The mountains..are a standing protest against the sophisticated modern taste.

1948 Stud. in Bibliogr. 1 112 This copy is only a sophisticated version of Stow.

1963 Notes & Queries Mar. 101/1 We know..that F [of King Lear] is a sophisticated text, and it seems..possible that we have an example of sophistication here.

in extended use.a1652 R. Brome Queen & Concubine iii. iii. 48 in Five New Playes (1659) Where the swoln Courts sophisticated Breath Did but disease my Blood.

b. Of a person: free of naïvety, experienced, worldly-wise; subtle, discriminating, refined, cultured; aware of, versed in, the complexities of a subject or pursuit. Also transferred of a play, place, etc., that appeals to a sophisticated person.Occasionally (as in quot. 1952) Biology and Psychology used as opposed to naive adj. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > good taste > refinement > [adjective]

polisheda1382

dainteousc1386

polite?a1500

delicatea1533

courtly1535

civil1551

court-like1552

well-refined1575

nice1588

perpolite1592

politic1596

soft1599

terse1628

refine1646

refined1650

elegant1652

genteel1678

chastea1797

spirituala1806

aesthetic1844

nicey1859

raffiné1865

nuttish1869

too-tooa1884

sophisticated1895

lavender1928

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > wisdom, sagacity > worldly wisdom > [adjective]

world-wiseOE

worldly-wisec1400

smart1571

shrewd1589

hard1655

sharp1697

auld-farrant1702

up to snuff1810

canny1816

savvy1826

worldly1829

lairy1846

facultized1872

sophisticated1895

hep1899

hip1904

streetwise1949

ready1967

kewl1990

the mind > attention and judgement > good taste > refinement > [adjective] > specifically of persons

refined1598

polite1601

inlanda1616

researched1636

spirituel1673

elegant1691

kid-gloved1848

kid glove1856

fine-drawn1876

rose water1883

sophisticated1895

subtle1904

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > knowledge, what is known > familiarity > [adjective] > knowing about, familiar with

craftyOE

slyc1175

coutha1225

well acquainteda1250

privyc1300

cunningc1325

well-groundeda1438

acquainted?a1439

familiar1509

at home1531

overseen1533

intelligent1546

long-experienced1567

conversant1573

skilful1596

accomplished1603

frequent1609

well (better, best) verseda1610

understanding1612

sound1615

studieda1616

technical1617

versed1622

conversing1724

versant1787

on intimate habits1809

special1830

inquainted1849

pre-acquainted1907

sophisticated1952

1895 T. Hardy Jude iv. v. 303 Though so sophisticated in many things she was such a child in others that this satisfied her.

1904 J. C. Lincoln Cap'n Eri xii. 230 The only scoffer was the bored Josiah, who, being a sophisticated New Yorker, sat in the best chair and gazed contemptuously upon the entire proceeding.

1915 New Republic 13 Feb. 51/2 It is one of those sophisticated melodramas in which a glamor is thrown about the underworld... The dope-fiend, the thief's mistress, the crooked detective, are all exhibited to an audience that apparently prides itself on being ‘knowing’.

1933 H. Walpole Vanessa iii. 531 Here in these pages was life, the life that so many polished sophisticated writers missed altogether.

1952 Arch. Ophthalmol. 48 607 The sophisticated subject could always distinguish this illusion from the oculogravic illusion.

1954 Word 10 236 This conception has cropped up again and again. Even sophisticated thinkers have bent their ingenious efforts to preserving it.

1957 D. Robins Noble One vii. 71 She preferred smooth sophisticated young men like Keith who amused and flattered her.

1962 P. Strevens Study of Present-day Eng. Lang. (1963) 23 The teaching of either language or literature in less educationally and linguistically sophisticated parts of the world.

1969 Daily Tel. 18 Oct. 11/5 Its nightclub-restaurant with an ‘international’ menu and Caribbean band is as sophisticated as you'd find anywhere.

1971 Daily Tel. 17 June 3/3 To the police he showed ‘promise’ of becoming a sophisticated criminal.

absolute.1952 G. Sarton Hist. Sci. I. xvi. 425 It is probable that pederasty was more common in Athens among the aristocrats, the idle rich, and the sophisticated than among the simpler people.

c. Of equipment, techniques, theories, etc.: employing advanced or refined methods or concepts; highly developed or complicated.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [adjective] > technologically advanced

sophisticated1945

1945 C. S. Lewis That Hideous Strength xiv. 384 The man was so very allusive and used gesture so extensively that Mark's less sophisticated modes of communication were almost useless.

1952 G. Sarton Hist. Sci. I. xi. 289 He represents a second (or third) and more sophisticated stage in the evolution of Pythagorean astronomy.

1956 N.Y. Times 1 Apr. 19/1 Navy scientists are virtually exploring multidimensional space in a time machine in the search for what they call ‘sophisticated’ high-yield weapons.

1960 Washington Post 16 June 20/6 Soviet experts are said to have assisted the Peking regime with advanced nuclear reactors of a sophisticated type.

1966 Times 28 Mar. (Austral. Suppl.) p. v/4 Victoria now has many sophisticated industrial complexes.

1970 H. Braun Parish Churches xvii. 206 The High Gothic font was a sophisticated piece of furniture.

1970 Daily Tel. 28 Aug. (Colour Suppl.) 16/4 Laser beams..are useful to scientists as a sophisticated light-source.

1972 L. Alcock By South Cadbury viii. 182 The Breiddin had been refortified in the late fourth century with a sophisticated timber defence, in the form of a raised fighting platform and look-out towers.

1972 Sci. Amer. Sept. 53/2 One of the most sophisticated of all animal communication systems, the celebrated waggle dance of the honeybee.

1979 Now! 14 Sept. 78/1 When they raided the flat the police found two-way pocket radios, explosive substances and what were described as ‘sophisticated’ timing devices.

a. Falsified in a greater or less degree; not plain, honest, or straightforward.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > forgery, falsification > [adjective]

counterfeitedc1385

counterfeitc1386

trothlessa1393

bastard1397

forged1484

apocryphate1486

adulterate?a1509

mockisha1513

sophisticate1531

adulterine1542

adulterous1547

mock1548

forbate1558

coined1582

firking1594

feigned1598

adulterated1610

apocryphal1612

spurious1615

usurpeda1616

impostured1619

mock-madea1625

suppository1641

affictitious1656

pasteboard1659

sophisticated1673

flam1678

Brummagem1679

sham1681

belieda1718

fictitious1739

Birmingham1785

pinchbeck1790

brummish1803

Brum1805

flash1812

spurious1830

bogus1839

imitative1839

dummy1846

doctored1853

postiche1854

pseudo1854

Brummagemish1855

snide1859

inauthentic1860

fake1879

bum1884

Brummie1886

tin1886

filled1887

duff1889

faked1890

shicec1890

margarine1891

dud1904

Potemkin village1904

mocked-up1919

phoney baloney1936

four-flushing1942

bodgie1956

moody1958

disauthentic1960

bodgied1988

bodgied-up1988

1673 J. Dryden Assignation v. iv. 72 I love not a sophisticated truth, With an allay of lye in't.

a1806 S. Horsley Serm. (1811) 105 Who resist the truth by argument, or..explain it away by sophisticated interpretations.

1835 I. Taylor Spiritual Despotism vii. 329 After ingenious and sophisticated criticism has done its utmost.

1861 J. G. Holland Lessons in Life v. 69 Our truths are half truths, or exaggerated truths or sophisticated truths.

b. Of a printed book, containing alterations in content, binding, etc. which are intended to deceive.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > book > kind of book > [adjective] > containing alterations intended to deceive

sophisticated1862

1862 J. H. Burton Book-hunter i. 25 His experience..rendered him the most merciless detector of sophisticated books. Nothing, it might be supposed on first thought, can be a simpler or more easily recognized thing than a book genuine as printed. But in the old-book trade there are opportunities for the exercise of ingenuity.

1952 J. Carter ABC for Book-collectors 168 Sophisticated..as applied to a book, is simply a polite synonym for doctored or faked-up.

Compounds

sophisticated-looking adj.

ΚΠ

1925 T. Dreiser Amer. Trag. I. i. iv. 31 A brisk..and decidedly sophisticated-looking person.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	sophisticated
释义	sophisticatedadj. /səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd/ Etymology: < sophisticate v. 1. Mixed with some foreign substance; adulterated; not pure or genuine. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being mixed or blended > [adjective] > mixed with something > adulterated sophisticatec1400 adulterine1542 adulterous1547 corrupted1563 sophistered1567 corrupt1581 carded1596 adultered1603 sophisticated1607 adulterated1610 brackish1611 adulterate1634 sophistical1658 unsincere1664 doctored1784 alloyed1806 filled1887 1607 T. Dekker Whore of Babylon sig. H3^v The drinke..they sweare Is wine sophisticated, that does runne Low on the lees of error. 1651 J. French Art Distillation To Rdr. sig. 4^v They..have brought a great Odium upon it by carrying about, and vending..their sophisticated oils, & salts. 1687 M. Prior & Earl of Halifax Hind & Panther Transvers'd* 27 To give sophisticated Brewings vent. 1806 W. Henry Epitome Chem. (ed. 4) iii. ii. 376 The fraud is detected by adding alcohol to the sophisticated spirit. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. IV. 371 It is essential that water should be introduced, either pure or sophisticated. 2. a. Altered from, deprived of, primitive simplicity or naturalness. Of a literary text: altered in the course of being copied or printed. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > bad taste > lack of simplicity > [adjective] sophisticate1601 sophisticated1603 unnatural1735 society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > textual criticism > version of text > [adjective] > altered by copyist or printer sophisticated1948 1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. ii. xii. 311 And truely, Philosophie is nothing else but a sophisticated poesie. 1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 119 The sophisticated Art..drew still the eyes and minds of unadvised spectators. 1684 Bp. G. Burnet tr. T. More Utopia 119 Among those who pursue these sophisticated Pleasures, they reckon those..who think themselves really the better for having fine Clothes. 1782 V. Knox Ess. vii. 33 He is..pursuing all the sophisticated joys, which succeed to supply the place where Nature is relinquished. 1825 W. Scott Talisman x, in Tales Crusaders III. 240 All this internal chain of feudal dependence is artificial and sophisticated. 1871 L. Stephen Playground of Europe i. 7 The mountains..are a standing protest against the sophisticated modern taste. 1948 Stud. in Bibliogr. 1 112 This copy is only a sophisticated version of Stow. 1963 Notes & Queries Mar. 101/1 We know..that F [of King Lear] is a sophisticated text, and it seems..possible that we have an example of sophistication here. in extended use.a1652 R. Brome Queen & Concubine iii. iii. 48 in Five New Playes (1659) Where the swoln Courts sophisticated Breath Did but disease my Blood. b. Of a person: free of naïvety, experienced, worldly-wise; subtle, discriminating, refined, cultured; aware of, versed in, the complexities of a subject or pursuit. Also transferred of a play, place, etc., that appeals to a sophisticated person.Occasionally (as in quot. 1952) Biology and Psychology used as opposed to naive adj. 3. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > good taste > refinement > [adjective] polisheda1382 dainteousc1386 polite?a1500 delicatea1533 courtly1535 civil1551 court-like1552 well-refined1575 nice1588 perpolite1592 politic1596 soft1599 terse1628 refine1646 refined1650 elegant1652 genteel1678 chastea1797 spirituala1806 aesthetic1844 nicey1859 raffiné1865 nuttish1869 too-tooa1884 sophisticated1895 lavender1928 the mind > mental capacity > understanding > wisdom, sagacity > worldly wisdom > [adjective] world-wiseOE worldly-wisec1400 smart1571 shrewd1589 hard1655 sharp1697 auld-farrant1702 up to snuff1810 canny1816 savvy1826 worldly1829 lairy1846 facultized1872 sophisticated1895 hep1899 hip1904 streetwise1949 ready1967 kewl1990 the mind > attention and judgement > good taste > refinement > [adjective] > specifically of persons refined1598 polite1601 inlanda1616 researched1636 spirituel1673 elegant1691 kid-gloved1848 kid glove1856 fine-drawn1876 rose water1883 sophisticated1895 subtle1904 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > knowledge, what is known > familiarity > [adjective] > knowing about, familiar with craftyOE slyc1175 coutha1225 well acquainteda1250 privyc1300 cunningc1325 well-groundeda1438 acquainted?a1439 familiar1509 at home1531 overseen1533 intelligent1546 long-experienced1567 conversant1573 skilful1596 accomplished1603 frequent1609 well (better, best) verseda1610 understanding1612 sound1615 studieda1616 technical1617 versed1622 conversing1724 versant1787 on intimate habits1809 special1830 inquainted1849 pre-acquainted1907 sophisticated1952 1895 T. Hardy Jude iv. v. 303 Though so sophisticated in many things she was such a child in others that this satisfied her. 1904 J. C. Lincoln Cap'n Eri xii. 230 The only scoffer was the bored Josiah, who, being a sophisticated New Yorker, sat in the best chair and gazed contemptuously upon the entire proceeding. 1915 New Republic 13 Feb. 51/2 It is one of those sophisticated melodramas in which a glamor is thrown about the underworld... The dope-fiend, the thief's mistress, the crooked detective, are all exhibited to an audience that apparently prides itself on being ‘knowing’. 1933 H. Walpole Vanessa iii. 531 Here in these pages was life, the life that so many polished sophisticated writers missed altogether. 1952 Arch. Ophthalmol. 48 607 The sophisticated subject could always distinguish this illusion from the oculogravic illusion. 1954 Word 10 236 This conception has cropped up again and again. Even sophisticated thinkers have bent their ingenious efforts to preserving it. 1957 D. Robins Noble One vii. 71 She preferred smooth sophisticated young men like Keith who amused and flattered her. 1962 P. Strevens Study of Present-day Eng. Lang. (1963) 23 The teaching of either language or literature in less educationally and linguistically sophisticated parts of the world. 1969 Daily Tel. 18 Oct. 11/5 Its nightclub-restaurant with an ‘international’ menu and Caribbean band is as sophisticated as you'd find anywhere. 1971 Daily Tel. 17 June 3/3 To the police he showed ‘promise’ of becoming a sophisticated criminal. absolute.1952 G. Sarton Hist. Sci. I. xvi. 425 It is probable that pederasty was more common in Athens among the aristocrats, the idle rich, and the sophisticated than among the simpler people. c. Of equipment, techniques, theories, etc.: employing advanced or refined methods or concepts; highly developed or complicated. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [adjective] > technologically advanced sophisticated1945 1945 C. S. Lewis That Hideous Strength xiv. 384 The man was so very allusive and used gesture so extensively that Mark's less sophisticated modes of communication were almost useless. 1952 G. Sarton Hist. Sci. I. xi. 289 He represents a second (or third) and more sophisticated stage in the evolution of Pythagorean astronomy. 1956 N.Y. Times 1 Apr. 19/1 Navy scientists are virtually exploring multidimensional space in a time machine in the search for what they call ‘sophisticated’ high-yield weapons. 1960 Washington Post 16 June 20/6 Soviet experts are said to have assisted the Peking regime with advanced nuclear reactors of a sophisticated type. 1966 Times 28 Mar. (Austral. Suppl.) p. v/4 Victoria now has many sophisticated industrial complexes. 1970 H. Braun Parish Churches xvii. 206 The High Gothic font was a sophisticated piece of furniture. 1970 Daily Tel. 28 Aug. (Colour Suppl.) 16/4 Laser beams..are useful to scientists as a sophisticated light-source. 1972 L. Alcock By South Cadbury viii. 182 The Breiddin had been refortified in the late fourth century with a sophisticated timber defence, in the form of a raised fighting platform and look-out towers. 1972 Sci. Amer. Sept. 53/2 One of the most sophisticated of all animal communication systems, the celebrated waggle dance of the honeybee. 1979 Now! 14 Sept. 78/1 When they raided the flat the police found two-way pocket radios, explosive substances and what were described as ‘sophisticated’ timing devices. 3. a. Falsified in a greater or less degree; not plain, honest, or straightforward. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > forgery, falsification > [adjective] counterfeitedc1385 counterfeitc1386 trothlessa1393 bastard1397 forged1484 apocryphate1486 adulterate?a1509 mockisha1513 sophisticate1531 adulterine1542 adulterous1547 mock1548 forbate1558 coined1582 firking1594 feigned1598 adulterated1610 apocryphal1612 spurious1615 usurpeda1616 impostured1619 mock-madea1625 suppository1641 affictitious1656 pasteboard1659 sophisticated1673 flam1678 Brummagem1679 sham1681 belieda1718 fictitious1739 Birmingham1785 pinchbeck1790 brummish1803 Brum1805 flash1812 spurious1830 bogus1839 imitative1839 dummy1846 doctored1853 postiche1854 pseudo1854 Brummagemish1855 snide1859 inauthentic1860 fake1879 bum1884 Brummie1886 tin1886 filled1887 duff1889 faked1890 shicec1890 margarine1891 dud1904 Potemkin village1904 mocked-up1919 phoney baloney1936 four-flushing1942 bodgie1956 moody1958 disauthentic1960 bodgied1988 bodgied-up1988 1673 J. Dryden Assignation v. iv. 72 I love not a sophisticated truth, With an allay of lye in't. a1806 S. Horsley Serm. (1811) 105 Who resist the truth by argument, or..explain it away by sophisticated interpretations. 1835 I. Taylor Spiritual Despotism vii. 329 After ingenious and sophisticated criticism has done its utmost. 1861 J. G. Holland Lessons in Life v. 69 Our truths are half truths, or exaggerated truths or sophisticated truths. b. Of a printed book, containing alterations in content, binding, etc. which are intended to deceive. ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > kind of book > [adjective] > containing alterations intended to deceive sophisticated1862 1862 J. H. Burton Book-hunter i. 25 His experience..rendered him the most merciless detector of sophisticated books. Nothing, it might be supposed on first thought, can be a simpler or more easily recognized thing than a book genuine as printed. But in the old-book trade there are opportunities for the exercise of ingenuity. 1952 J. Carter ABC for Book-collectors 168 Sophisticated..as applied to a book, is simply a polite synonym for doctored or faked-up. Compounds sophisticated-looking adj. ΚΠ 1925 T. Dreiser Amer. Trag. I. i. iv. 31 A brisk..and decidedly sophisticated-looking person. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.1603
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