soughn.¹

Brit.

/saʊ/,

/sʌf/, U.S.

/səf/,

/saʊ/

Forms: Middle English swogh(e, swough(e, 1500s swouch, 1500s– souch, 1600s– sough (1700s zough), 1700s– sugh (1800s seugh, soogh, sooch, etc.); Middle English swowh, Middle English swow(e, suowe, Middle English sow, 1800s soo.

Etymology: Middle English type *swōh , swōȝ , from the verb swōȝen : see sough v.¹ From the 16th cent. almost exclusively Scots and northern dialect until adopted in general literary use in the 19th. The pronunciation /sɒf/ is given by Smart (1836) and Ogilvie (1850).

a. A rushing or murmuring sound as of wind, water, or the like, esp. one of a gentle or soothing nature.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > continuous or protracted sound > [noun] > rushing sound > of wind > sough or sigh

sough1338

swough1338

soughing?a1400

sighing1653

sigh1810

swoof1825

souffle1879

suther1881

1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 170 Þe kynges owen Galeie..com þe schip fulle nere. Oþer were þer inowe, þat þer after drouh, Bot he com with a suowe, þat þe schip to rof.

c1381 G. Chaucer Parl. Foules 247 Of sykys hoote as fuyr I herde a swow that gan a-boute renne.

c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame 1031 Herestow not the grete swogh?

?a1400 Morte Arth. 759 With þe swoghe of þe see in swefnynge he felle.

?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 55 The soft sowch of the swyr..Myght confort ony creatur of the kyn of Adam.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ii. xi. 81 Ilk swouch of wynd, and every quhisper..affrayit [me].

1786 R. Burns Cotter's Sat. Night ii, in Poems & Songs (1968) I. 146 November chill blaws loud wi' angry sugh.

1792 W. Wordsworth Descr. Sketches 359 Faint wail of eagle.., and pine-wood's steady sugh.

1816 W. Scott Old Mortality iv, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. IV. 85 It is the sough of the wind among the bracken.

1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre I. xii. 211 That evening calm betrayed alike the tinkle of the nearest streams, the sough of the most remote.

1862 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia III. xiii. vi. 497 Whereupon solemn waving of hats; indistinct sough of loyal murmur.

1879 I. L. Bird Lady's Life Rocky Mts. 101 The strange sough of gusts moving among the pine tops.

b. Scottish. A canting or whining manner of speaking, especially in preaching or praying.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > [noun] > whining speech

cant1640

sough1723

1723 W. Meston Knight in Poems (1767) 15 Give them the sough, they can dispense, With either scant or want of sense.

1754 E. Burt Lett. N. Scotl. I. ix. 207 The Prayers are often more like Narrations to the Almighty, than Petitions..; and the Sough, as it is called, the Whine, is unmanly.

1816 W. Scott Old Mortality i, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. III. 21 Never stir, if my auld mither is na at the preaching again! I ken the sough o' her texts.

1894 ‘I. Maclaren’ Beside Bonnie Brier Bush ii. 60 He's a speeritually minded man, Maister Cosh, and has the richt sough.

2. A deep sigh or breath. Also transferred.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > breathing > audible breathing > [noun] > sighing > a sigh

sichec1000

sike?c1225

sighinga1300

sighta1375

sighc1381

soughc1386

suspirec1450

sithe?1553

sospire?1578

c1386 G. Chaucer Miller's Tale 433 He siketh, with ful many a sory swough.

a1400 Isumbras 89 His hirde-mene mett he everylkone With a fulle drery swoghe.

14.. Chaucer's Troilus iv. 375 (Cambr.) Among his sobbis & his sowis sore.

1616 B. Jonson Epigrammes cxxxiii, in Wks. I. 816 The well-greas'd wherry now had got betweene, And bad her fare-well sough, vnto the lurden.

1789 C. Vallancey Vocab. Lang. Forth & Bargie in Trans. Royal Irish Acad. 1788 2 Antiquities 35 Zough, a sigh.

1790 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) II. 535 My heart for fear gae sough for sough.

1885 Field 12 Dec. 832/1 From the loch would come the sough of a porpoise or the wild cry of a loon.

1901 ‘G. Douglas’ House with Green Shutters 298 It was hours ere he slept, but at last a heavy sough told her he had found oblivion.

3. A rumour; a report.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > rumour > [noun]

speechc1000

wordOE

hearinga1300

opinion1340

talesa1375

famea1387

inklinga1400

slandera1400

noising1422

rumour?a1425

bruit1477

nickinga1500

commoninga1513

roarc1520

murmura1522

hearsay?1533

cry1569

scandal1596

vogue1626

discourse1677

sough1716

circulation1775

gossip1811

myth1849

breeze1879

sound1899

potin1922

dirt1926

rumble1929

skinny1938

labrish1942

lie and story1950

scam1964

he-say-she-say1972

factoid1973

ripple1977

goss1985

1716 R. Wodrow Corr. (1843) II. 172 By the souch of members I imagine the Duke of Argyle will be named.

1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. xiv. 335 There was a sough in the country about it, but it was hushed up.

1821 J. Galt Ann. Parish xii. 119 I found..a sough of something extraordinar going on.

1900 E. H. Strain Elmslie's Drag-net 35 I had heard some sough o' a byre at Kelso that had been smitten.

4. to keep a calm (or quiet) sough, to keep quiet, to say little or nothing. Scottish.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > be silent/refrain from speaking [verb (intransitive)] > stop speaking

to make up one's mouthc1175

to shut (also close) one's mouthc1175

blina1300

dumba1300

leavea1375

to put a sock in ita1529

hush1548

silence1551

stay1551

stow1567

stop1579

to save one's breath (also wind)1605

tace1697

stubble it!1699

shut your trap!1796

to keep a calm (or quiet) sough1808

stubble your whids!1830

to shut up1840

to dry up1853

pawl1867

subside1872

to pipe down1876

to shut (one's) head, face1876

shurrup1893

to shut off1896

clam1916

dry1934

shtum1958

to oyster up1973

1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Keep a calm souch, be silent.

1816 W. Scott Old Mortality vii, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. III. 147 I'se aye keep a calm sough.

1863 E. C. Gaskell Sylvia's Lovers (1874) 232 Not that I iver let on to them.., so keep a calm sough, my lad.

1880 E. Lynn Linton Rebel of Family xiii So that, on the whole, keeping a calm sough was the best wisdom.

Derivatives

ˈsoughfully adv. with a soughing sound.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > continuous or protracted sound > [adverb] > soughing or sighing

soughfully1890

1890 A. E. Barr Friend Olivia xx The trees..talked soughfully among themselves.

ˈsoughless adj. silent, noiseless.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > inaudibility > [adjective] > silent

coyc1330

stone-still1338

quietc1384

softa1393

peacec1400

swownc1400

tongueless1447

clumc1485

mutec1500

whist1513

silent1542

dead1548

husht1557

whisted1557

whust1558

whisht1570

huisht1576

quiet (also mum, mute, still, etc.) as a mouse (in a cheese)1584

fordead1593

noiseless1608

whisha1612

dumba1616

soundlessa1616

st1655

silentish1737

defta1763

sleeping1785

untoned1807

mousy1812

soughless1851

deathlike1856

whisperless1863

deathly1865

1851 Lintie o' Moray 41 Gentle stream, Wi' soughless waters onward stealin'.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

soughn.²

Brit.

/saʊ/,

/sʌf/, U.S.

/səf/,

/saʊ/

Forms: Middle English sogh, sohw, Middle English swowȝe, swoughe, Middle English– sough (1500s soughe, Scottish souch), 1600s sowgh, saugh, 1800s dialect sugh; 1700s– suff, 1800s surf, dialect souffe, soof. See also sheugh n.

Etymology: Of obscure origin. Compare Antwerp dialect zoeg a small ditch in a meadow.

1. A boggy or swampy place; a small pool.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > marsh, bog, or swamp > [noun] > wet place, mire, or slough

sloughc900

mooreOE

letch1138

mire1219

sougha1300

dew1377

slop?a1400

flashc1440

slothc1440

slonk1488

slot?a1500

rilling1610

slab1610

water-gall1657

slunkc1700

slack1719

mudhole1721

bog-hole1788

spew1794

wetness1805

stabble1821

slob1836

sludge1839

soak1839

mudbath1856

squire-trap1859

loblolly1865

glue-pot1892

swelter1894

poaching1920

the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > other types

weelc897

lowa1200

sougha1300

plungec1450

Sabbatical pool1613

slough1714

tinaja1835

rock pool1836

pokelogan1848

salmon pool1866

plunge pool1870

Strandbad1939

solar pool1960

a1300 Cursor Mundi 2501 Þai fled and fell vntill a sogh [Gött. sohw], And þar þair faas þam foluand slogh.

a1450 Le Morte Arth. (Roxb.) 875 In a foreste by a swoughe.

?c1600 (c1515) Sc. Field (Lyme) l. 317 in I. F. Baird Poems Stanley Family (D.Phil. thesis, Univ. of Birm.) (1990) 243 On a soughe us beside there seene we our enemies Were moving over the mountains.

1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion iv. 59 Then Dulas and Cledaugh, By Morgany doe driue her through her watry saugh.

1870 ‘Ouida’ Puck I. vii. 117 The road..went through a shallow ‘sough’ of water.

2. A small gutter for draining off water; a drain, a sewer, a trench.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > provision of sewers > [noun] > sewer

cockey1390

gutterc1440

soughc1440

sew1475

withdraught1493

sink1499

syre1513

closet1531

draught1533

vault1533

drain1552

fleet1583

issue1588

drainer1598

guzzle1598

shore1598

sewer1609

vennel1641

cloaca1656

cuniculus1670

pend1817

thurrock1847

sewer line1977

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > ditching or drainage > [noun] > ditch

dikec893

gripa1000

ditch1045

fosselOE

water-furrowlOE

sow1316

furrowc1330

rick1332

sewer1402

gripplec1440

soughc1440

grindle1463

sheugh1513

syre1513

rain?1523

trench1523

slough1532

drain1552

fowsie?1553

thorougha1555

rean1591

potting1592

trink1592

syver1606

graft1644

work1649

by-ditch1650

water fence1651

master drain1652

rode1662

pudge1671

gripe1673

sulcus1676

rhine1698

rilling1725

mine1743

foot trench1765

through1777

trench drain1779

trenchlet1782

sunk fence1786

float1790

foot drain1795

tail-drain1805

flow-dike1812

groopa1825

holla1825

thorough drain1824

yawner1832

acequia madre1835

drove1844

leader1844

furrow-drain1858

c1440 Pallad. on Husb. i. 515 The length [of the ox-stall is] as from the horn into the sough.

1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Surueyeng xxxv. f. 49 If this maner of dichynge wyll nat make the marres grounde drie, than must you make a sough vnderneth therthe as men do to gette cole.

c1600 Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents (1833) 100 The said erle slipit ower ane souch, and tomblit doun the same.

?1677 S. Primatt City & Covntry Purchaser & Builder 5 The charge of driving such Soughs or Trenches.

1681 Rec. Burg. Sheffield (1897) 217 For making a sough to the pin~fold.

1764 Ann. Reg. 1763 ii. 100/1 At proper distances, soughs are formed near the top of the canal, which prevents it from overflowing during immoderate rains.

1781 Philos. Trans. 1780 (Royal Soc.) 70 346 I shall lay a sough of brick, which will convey it from the pump to the boiler.

1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. 301 The most difficult part of the business consists in laying the sough when in running sands.

1833 Act 3 & 4 William IV c. 46 §116 Any water pipe, sough, or watercourse already laid down..in..any of the streets.

1885 Law Times Rep. 52 356/2 Various old stone soughs, which..received the sewage of a number of houses.

attributive.1892 T. B. F. Eminson Epidemic Pneumonia 18 The out-door premises..drained off through some common sough pipes.

3. A subterranean drain to carry off the water in a mine; an adit of a mine.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > drain or channel for carrying off water

soughc1619

water level1698

yeo1725

plug box1883

society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > mouth or top of mine or shaft

adit1602

bank head1645

mouth1702

bank1708

sough1747

pithead1839

brace1881

mouthing1883

c1619 S. Atkinson Discov. Gold Mynes Scotl. (1825) 15 To frame or make a long sowgh, or scowring place, into which they bringe the streame water.

1653 E. Manlove Liberties & Customes Lead-mines Derby 260 Main Rakes, Cross Rakes, Brown~henns, Budles and Soughs.

1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. iii. 137 This sort of damp..is that they commonly meet with in long Soughs for conveyance of water from the coale.

1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. Tijb These Addits or Soughs if they prove soft, destroy a great deal of Timber, especially in Sand.

1778 W. Pryce Mineralogia Cornubiensis 81 The Sough or Adit being one hundred fathoms below the surface.

1851 Act 14 & 15 Victoria c. 94 §26 If any Person shall, by virtue of any Sough Engine or other Means, unwater or give Relief to any Mine or Vein which may be under Water.

1882 R. L. Galloway Hist. Coal Mining 25 The drainage of the mines was effected by means of the horizontal tunnels.., which were variously termed adits, watergates, soughs, surfs.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† soughn.³

Forms: Also Middle English sugh.

Etymology: representing Old English sulh plough: see sull n.

Obsolete. rare.

A ploughshare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > ploughing equipment > [noun] > plough > ploughshare

shareOE

ploughsharea1387

sock1404

sough?a1475

suck1499

soke1661

plough point1837

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1879) VII. 165 Sche..passede by fulle stappes the ix. cultres or sughes with owte eny hurte.

1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Vómere,..the sough or ploughshare or culter.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 333/2 The Sough..[of a plough] is that as Plows into the Ground.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

soughv.¹

Brit.

/saʊ/,

/sʌf/,

/suːx/, U.S.

/səf/,

/saʊ/

Forms: Old English swogan, Middle English swoghe ( squoe), 1500s Scottish swouch, suowch, swoch; Middle English souȝe, 1500s (1800s) sowgh, sogh, 1500s– sugh, 1700s– sough (1800s dialect suff); Scottish1500s sowch, 1500s, 1700s– souch, 1800s sooch; Middle English swowe, 1700s swoo, 1800s dialect sow, sou(e, soo.

Etymology: Old English swógan, = Old Saxon swôgan to move with a rushing sound; related to Gothic ufswōgjan (compare Old English swégan to sound, etc.; Norwegian dialect søgja to murmur, rustle) and swōgatjan to sigh. Compare also West Frisian swoegje to pant.

a. intransitive. To make a rushing, rustling, or murmuring sound.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > continuous or protracted sound > [verb (intransitive)] > rushing sound > sough or sigh

soughOE

swoof?1590

sigh1757

suther1821

OE Crist III 949 On seofon healfa swogað windas, blawað brecende bearhtma mæste.

OE Genesis 1375 Drihten..let..egorstreamas swearte swogan.

c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 140 Þe see souȝed ful sore, gret selly to here.

c1400 Anturs of Arth. 55 By þe stremys so strange, þat swyftly swoghes [v.r. squytherly squoes].

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid i. vi. 155 Ther wyngis swochand jolely.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid v. iii. 76 The fludis..souchand quhair thai fair, In sondir slydis.

a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 171 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 100 Swannis suowchand full swyth swetest of sware.

1724 A. Ramsay Royal Archers Shooting iv The feather'd arrows drive All soughing thro' the sky.

1728 A. Ramsay Robert Richy & Sandy 56 Torn frae its roots adown it souchan fell.

1818 G. Beattie John o' Arnha' (ed. 2) 25 The wind sough'd mournfu' throw the trees.

a1862 H. D. Thoreau Maine Woods (1864) i. 3 The white-pine tree.., its branches soughing with the four winds.

1884 R. C. Praed Zéro iv The wind soughed through the budding branches overhead in long monotonous swell.

b. transitive. To utter in this manner.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > say in a particular manner [verb (transitive)] > mutter or mumble

muttera1425

mumblec1450

murmurc1460

blabber?a1513

palter?1548

fumble1555

flummer1563

chaw1570

buzz1583

mumpa1586

demurmurate1641

loll1655

muttera1690

swallowa1791

sough1821

hummera1860

lip1887

mum-mumble1917

potato-mouth1937

rhubarb1958

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > continuous or protracted sound > [verb (transitive)] > rushing of wind > sough or sigh

sough1821

1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 29 Each rude-risen tempest..Sughing its vengeance through the yellow trees.

1975 W. McIlvanney Docherty i. xviii. 124 Trees were brooding presences, soughing incantations. Every bush hid an invisible force, frequently malevolent.

a. intransitive. To draw the breath heavily or noisily; to sigh deeply.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > breathing > audible breathing > [verb (intransitive)] > sigh

sichec893

sikec1175

sughc1175

sigh1377

sightc1450

sithec1450

suspirec1450

soughc1475

supire?1590

to break a sigh1765

sock1863

c1475 Partenay 1944 There gan he to sigh and sowghid for wo.

c1475 Partenay 2890 He sighed, soghed, wepte with teres many.

1806 R. Jamieson Pop. Ballads II. 338 I hear your mither souch and snore.

1861 H. Bushnell Christian Nurture ii. iii. 258 Dosing, all together, and soughing in dull dreams.

b. With away: To breathe one's last; to die.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > [verb (intransitive)]

forsweltc888

sweltc888

adeadeOE

deadc950

wendeOE

i-wite971

starveOE

witea1000

forfereOE

forthfareOE

forworthc1000

to go (also depart , pass, i-wite, chare) out of this worldOE

queleOE

fallOE

to take (also nim, underfo) (the) deathOE

to shed (one's own) blood?a1100

diec1135

endc1175

farec1175

to give up the ghostc1175

letc1200

aswelta1250

leavea1250

to-sweltc1275

to-worthc1275

to yield (up) the ghost (soul, breath, life, spirit)c1290

finea1300

spilla1300

part?1316

to leese one's life-daysa1325

to nim the way of deathc1325

to tine, leave, lose the sweatc1330

flit1340

trance1340

determinec1374

disperisha1382

to go the way of all the eartha1382

to be gathered to one's fathers1382

miscarryc1387

shut1390

goa1393

to die upa1400

expirea1400

fleea1400

to pass awaya1400

to seek out of lifea1400–50

to sye hethena1400

tinea1400

trespass14..

espirec1430

to end one's days?a1439

decease1439

to go away?a1450

ungoc1450

unlivec1450

to change one's lifea1470

vade1495

depart1501

to pay one's debt to (also the debt of) naturea1513

to decease this world1515

to go over?1520

jet1530

vade1530

to go westa1532

to pick over the perch1532

galpa1535

to die the death1535

to depart to God1548

to go home1561

mort1568

inlaikc1575

shuffle1576

finish1578

to hop (also tip, pitch over, drop off, etc.) the perch1587

relent1587

unbreathe1589

transpass1592

to lose one's breath1596

to make a die (of it)1611

to go offa1616

fail1623

to go out1635

to peak over the percha1641

exita1652

drop1654

to knock offa1657

to kick upa1658

to pay nature her due1657

ghost1666

to march off1693

to die off1697

pike1697

to drop off1699

tip (over) the perch1699

to pass (also go, be called, etc.) to one's reward1703

sink1718

vent1718

to launch into eternity1719

to join the majority1721

demise1727

to pack off1735

to slip one's cable1751

turf1763

to move off1764

to pop off the hooks1764

to hop off1797

to pass on1805

to go to glory1814

sough1816

to hand in one's accounts1817

to slip one's breatha1819

croak1819

to slip one's wind1819

stiffen1820

weed1824

buy1825

to drop short1826

to fall (a) prey (also victim, sacrifice) to1839

to get one's (also the) call1839

to drop (etc.) off the hooks1840

to unreeve one's lifeline1840

to step out1844

to cash, pass or send in one's checks1845

to hand in one's checks1845

to go off the handle1848

to go under1848

succumb1849

to turn one's toes up1851

to peg out1852

walk1858

snuff1864

to go or be up the flume1865

to pass outc1867

to cash in one's chips1870

to go (also pass over) to the majority1883

to cash in1884

to cop it1884

snuff1885

to belly up1886

perch1886

to kick the bucket1889

off1890

to knock over1892

to pass over1897

to stop one1901

to pass in1904

to hand in one's marble1911

the silver cord is loosed1911

pip1913

to cross over1915

conk1917

to check out1921

to kick off1921

to pack up1925

to step off1926

to take the ferry1928

peg1931

to meet one's Maker1933

to kiss off1935

to crease it1959

zonk1968

cark1977

to cark it1979

to take a dirt nap1981

1816 W. Scott Old Mortality x, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. IV. 237 His uncle, poor gentleman, just sough'd awa' wi' it in his mouth.

1886 A. D. Willock Rosetty Ends (1887) vi. 46 He muttered ‘Puir Gyp’, an' then he soughed awa.

3. transitive.

a. To hum (a tune). Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > sing [verb (transitive)] > hum

hum1602

sough1711

sowff1719

sowth?1784

teedle?a1800

thruma1845

noodle1897

1711 A. Ramsay Elegy Maggy Johnstoun x I took a nap, And soucht a' night balillilow, As sound 's a tap.

1721 A. Ramsay Elegy Patie Birnie iv His face could mak' you fain, When he did sough, ‘O wiltu, wiltu do 't again!’

1805 J. Nicol Poems II. 133 (Jam.) I, 'mang many merry fouk, Can..sough a tune, an' crack a jock.

b. To utter in a sighing or whining tone.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > say in a particular manner [verb (transitive)] > with a sigh or unhappily

pule1535

suspirec1550

sigh1553

sob1782

sough1816

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > cry of emotion or pain > [verb (transitive)] > whine

pule1535

whine1698

sough1816

mewl1819

1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. xii. 309 He hears ane o' the king's Presbyterian chaplains sough out a sermon.

1819 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor iv, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. II. 74 I hae soughed thae dark words ower to mysell.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

soughv.²

Brit.

/saʊ/,

/sʌf/, U.S.

/səf/,

/saʊ/

Forms: Also 1700s surf.

Etymology: < sough n.²

1. transitive.

a. To face or build up (a ditch) with stone, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [verb (transitive)] > line excavation

sough1688

timber1702

steen1724

1688 Norris Papers (Chetham Soc.) 175 That all ditches which convey the water crosse the highway be soughed with wall stone, and well covered throughout.

1794 Trans. Soc. Arts 12 237 Length of the drains, three hundred and ten yards,..the whole surfed with stone.

b. To make drains in (land); to drain by constructing proper channels. Also absol.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > ditching or drainage > ditch [verb (transitive)] > drain otherwise

sewer1565

run1665

land-drain1767

pipe-drain1796

sough1797

mole-drain1844

tile-drain1844

well point1867

1797 Trans. Soc. Arts 15 209 This lot of land, considered as enclosed, but not soughed.

1836 Hull & Selby Rlwy. Act 6 To bore, dig, cut, embank and sough.

1868 C. W. Hatfield Hist. Notices Doncaster II. 285 Silver-street and French-gate were soughed in 1837–8.

2. intransitive. To reach, or get into, a sough.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > animals hunted > [verb (intransitive)] > hide in wood or marsh

embossc1369

sough1898

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (intransitive)] > go down into a ditch or marsh

sough1898

1898 Daily News 19 Feb. 9/2 Lang Syne again raced by, and was a meritorious winner as the hare soughed.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹1338

n.²a1300

n.³?a1475

v.¹OE

v.²1688

单词	sough
释义	soughn.¹ Brit. /saʊ/, /sʌf/, U.S. /səf/, /saʊ/ Forms: Middle English swogh(e, swough(e, 1500s swouch, 1500s– souch, 1600s– sough (1700s zough), 1700s– sugh (1800s seugh, soogh, sooch, etc.); Middle English swowh, Middle English swow(e, suowe, Middle English sow, 1800s soo. Etymology: Middle English type swōh , swōȝ* , from the verb swōȝen : see sough v.¹ From the 16th cent. almost exclusively Scots and northern dialect until adopted in general literary use in the 19th. The pronunciation /sɒf/ is given by Smart (1836) and Ogilvie (1850). 1. a. A rushing or murmuring sound as of wind, water, or the like, esp. one of a gentle or soothing nature. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > continuous or protracted sound > [noun] > rushing sound > of wind > sough or sigh sough1338 swough1338 soughing?a1400 sighing1653 sigh1810 swoof1825 souffle1879 suther1881 1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 170 Þe kynges owen Galeie..com þe schip fulle nere. Oþer were þer inowe, þat þer after drouh, Bot he com with a suowe, þat þe schip to rof. c1381 G. Chaucer Parl. Foules 247 Of sykys hoote as fuyr I herde a swow that gan a-boute renne. c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame 1031 Herestow not the grete swogh? ?a1400 Morte Arth. 759 With þe swoghe of þe see in swefnynge he felle. ?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 55 The soft sowch of the swyr..Myght confort ony creatur of the kyn of Adam. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ii. xi. 81 Ilk swouch of wynd, and every quhisper..affrayit [me]. 1786 R. Burns Cotter's Sat. Night ii, in Poems & Songs (1968) I. 146 November chill blaws loud wi' angry sugh. 1792 W. Wordsworth Descr. Sketches 359 Faint wail of eagle.., and pine-wood's steady sugh. 1816 W. Scott Old Mortality iv, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. IV. 85 It is the sough of the wind among the bracken. 1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre I. xii. 211 That evening calm betrayed alike the tinkle of the nearest streams, the sough of the most remote. 1862 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia III. xiii. vi. 497 Whereupon solemn waving of hats; indistinct sough of loyal murmur. 1879 I. L. Bird Lady's Life Rocky Mts. 101 The strange sough of gusts moving among the pine tops. b. Scottish. A canting or whining manner of speaking, especially in preaching or praying. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > [noun] > whining speech cant1640 sough1723 1723 W. Meston Knight in Poems (1767) 15 Give them the sough, they can dispense, With either scant or want of sense. 1754 E. Burt Lett. N. Scotl. I. ix. 207 The Prayers are often more like Narrations to the Almighty, than Petitions..; and the Sough, as it is called, the Whine, is unmanly. 1816 W. Scott Old Mortality i, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. III. 21 Never stir, if my auld mither is na at the preaching again! I ken the sough o' her texts. 1894 ‘I. Maclaren’ Beside Bonnie Brier Bush ii. 60 He's a speeritually minded man, Maister Cosh, and has the richt sough. 2. A deep sigh or breath. Also transferred. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > breathing > audible breathing > [noun] > sighing > a sigh sichec1000 sike?c1225 sighinga1300 sighta1375 sighc1381 soughc1386 suspirec1450 sithe?1553 sospire?1578 c1386 G. Chaucer Miller's Tale 433 He siketh, with ful many a sory swough. a1400 Isumbras 89 His hirde-mene mett he everylkone With a fulle drery swoghe. 14.. Chaucer's Troilus iv. 375 (Cambr.) Among his sobbis & his sowis sore. 1616 B. Jonson Epigrammes cxxxiii, in Wks. I. 816 The well-greas'd wherry now had got betweene, And bad her fare-well sough, vnto the lurden. 1789 C. Vallancey Vocab. Lang. Forth & Bargie in Trans. Royal Irish Acad. 1788 2 Antiquities 35 Zough, a sigh. 1790 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) II. 535 My heart for fear gae sough for sough. 1885 Field 12 Dec. 832/1 From the loch would come the sough of a porpoise or the wild cry of a loon. 1901 ‘G. Douglas’ House with Green Shutters 298 It was hours ere he slept, but at last a heavy sough told her he had found oblivion. 3. A rumour; a report. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > rumour > [noun] speechc1000 wordOE hearinga1300 opinion1340 talesa1375 famea1387 inklinga1400 slandera1400 noising1422 rumour?a1425 bruit1477 nickinga1500 commoninga1513 roarc1520 murmura1522 hearsay?1533 cry1569 scandal1596 vogue1626 discourse1677 sough1716 circulation1775 gossip1811 myth1849 breeze1879 sound1899 potin1922 dirt1926 rumble1929 skinny1938 labrish1942 lie and story1950 scam1964 he-say-she-say1972 factoid1973 ripple1977 goss1985 1716 R. Wodrow Corr. (1843) II. 172 By the souch of members I imagine the Duke of Argyle will be named. 1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. xiv. 335 There was a sough in the country about it, but it was hushed up. 1821 J. Galt Ann. Parish xii. 119 I found..a sough of something extraordinar going on. 1900 E. H. Strain Elmslie's Drag-net 35 I had heard some sough o' a byre at Kelso that had been smitten. 4. to keep a calm (or quiet) sough, to keep quiet, to say little or nothing. Scottish. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > be silent/refrain from speaking [verb (intransitive)] > stop speaking to make up one's mouthc1175 to shut (also close) one's mouthc1175 blina1300 dumba1300 leavea1375 to put a sock in ita1529 hush1548 silence1551 stay1551 stow1567 stop1579 to save one's breath (also wind)1605 tace1697 stubble it!1699 shut your trap!1796 to keep a calm (or quiet) sough1808 stubble your whids!1830 to shut up1840 to dry up1853 pawl1867 subside1872 to pipe down1876 to shut (one's) head, face1876 shurrup1893 to shut off1896 clam1916 dry1934 shtum1958 to oyster up1973 1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Keep a calm souch, be silent. 1816 W. Scott Old Mortality vii, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. III. 147 I'se aye keep a calm sough. 1863 E. C. Gaskell Sylvia's Lovers (1874) 232 Not that I iver let on to them.., so keep a calm sough, my lad. 1880 E. Lynn Linton Rebel of Family xiii So that, on the whole, keeping a calm sough was the best wisdom. Derivatives ˈsoughfully adv. with a soughing sound. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > continuous or protracted sound > [adverb] > soughing or sighing soughfully1890 1890 A. E. Barr Friend Olivia xx The trees..talked soughfully among themselves. ˈsoughless adj. silent, noiseless. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > inaudibility > [adjective] > silent coyc1330 stone-still1338 quietc1384 softa1393 peacec1400 swownc1400 tongueless1447 clumc1485 mutec1500 whist1513 silent1542 dead1548 husht1557 whisted1557 whust1558 whust1558 whisht1570 huisht1576 quiet (also mum, mute, still, etc.) as a mouse (in a cheese)1584 fordead1593 noiseless1608 whisha1612 dumba1616 soundlessa1616 st1655 silentish1737 defta1763 sleeping1785 untoned1807 mousy1812 soughless1851 deathlike1856 whisperless1863 deathly1865 1851 Lintie o' Moray 41 Gentle stream, Wi' soughless waters onward stealin'. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022). soughn.² Brit. /saʊ/, /sʌf/, U.S. /səf/, /saʊ/ Forms: Middle English sogh, sohw, Middle English swowȝe, swoughe, Middle English– sough (1500s soughe, Scottish souch), 1600s sowgh, saugh, 1800s dialect sugh; 1700s– suff, 1800s surf, dialect souffe, soof. See also sheugh n. Etymology: Of obscure origin. Compare Antwerp dialect zoeg a small ditch in a meadow. 1. A boggy or swampy place; a small pool. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > marsh, bog, or swamp > [noun] > wet place, mire, or slough sloughc900 mooreOE letch1138 mire1219 sougha1300 dew1377 slop?a1400 flashc1440 slothc1440 slonk1488 slot?a1500 rilling1610 slab1610 water-gall1657 slunkc1700 slack1719 mudhole1721 bog-hole1788 spew1794 wetness1805 stabble1821 slob1836 sludge1839 soak1839 mudbath1856 squire-trap1859 loblolly1865 glue-pot1892 swelter1894 poaching1920 the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > other types weelc897 lowa1200 sougha1300 plungec1450 Sabbatical pool1613 slough1714 tinaja1835 rock pool1836 pokelogan1848 salmon pool1866 plunge pool1870 Strandbad1939 solar pool1960 a1300 Cursor Mundi 2501 Þai fled and fell vntill a sogh [Gött. sohw], And þar þair faas þam foluand slogh. a1450 Le Morte Arth. (Roxb.) 875 In a foreste by a swoughe. ?c1600 (c1515) Sc. Field (Lyme) l. 317 in I. F. Baird Poems Stanley Family (D.Phil. thesis, Univ. of Birm.) (1990) 243 On a soughe us beside there seene we our enemies Were moving over the mountains. 1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion iv. 59 Then Dulas and Cledaugh, By Morgany doe driue her through her watry saugh. 1870 ‘Ouida’ Puck I. vii. 117 The road..went through a shallow ‘sough’ of water. 2. A small gutter for draining off water; a drain, a sewer, a trench. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > provision of sewers > [noun] > sewer cockey1390 gutterc1440 soughc1440 sew1475 withdraught1493 sink1499 syre1513 closet1531 draught1533 vault1533 drain1552 fleet1583 issue1588 drainer1598 guzzle1598 shore1598 sewer1609 vennel1641 cloaca1656 cuniculus1670 pend1817 thurrock1847 sewer line1977 the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > ditching or drainage > [noun] > ditch dikec893 gripa1000 ditch1045 fosselOE water-furrowlOE sow1316 furrowc1330 rick1332 sewer1402 gripplec1440 soughc1440 grindle1463 sheugh1513 syre1513 rain?1523 trench1523 slough1532 drain1552 fowsie?1553 thorougha1555 rean1591 potting1592 trink1592 syver1606 graft1644 work1649 by-ditch1650 water fence1651 master drain1652 rode1662 pudge1671 gripe1673 sulcus1676 rhine1698 rilling1725 mine1743 foot trench1765 through1777 trench drain1779 trenchlet1782 sunk fence1786 float1790 foot drain1795 tail-drain1805 flow-dike1812 groopa1825 holla1825 thorough drain1824 yawner1832 acequia madre1835 drove1844 leader1844 furrow-drain1858 c1440 Pallad. on Husb. i. 515 The length [of the ox-stall is] as from the horn into the sough. 1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Surueyeng xxxv. f. 49 If this maner of dichynge wyll nat make the marres grounde drie, than must you make a sough vnderneth therthe as men do to gette cole. c1600 Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents (1833) 100 The said erle slipit ower ane souch, and tomblit doun the same. ?1677 S. Primatt City & Covntry Purchaser & Builder 5 The charge of driving such Soughs or Trenches. 1681 Rec. Burg. Sheffield (1897) 217 For making a sough to the pin~fold. 1764 Ann. Reg. 1763 ii. 100/1 At proper distances, soughs are formed near the top of the canal, which prevents it from overflowing during immoderate rains. 1781 Philos. Trans. 1780 (Royal Soc.) 70 346 I shall lay a sough of brick, which will convey it from the pump to the boiler. 1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. 301 The most difficult part of the business consists in laying the sough when in running sands. 1833 Act 3 & 4 William IV c. 46 §116 Any water pipe, sough, or watercourse already laid down..in..any of the streets. 1885 Law Times Rep. 52 356/2 Various old stone soughs, which..received the sewage of a number of houses. attributive.1892 T. B. F. Eminson Epidemic Pneumonia 18 The out-door premises..drained off through some common sough pipes. 3. A subterranean drain to carry off the water in a mine; an adit of a mine. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > drain or channel for carrying off water soughc1619 water level1698 yeo1725 plug box1883 society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > mouth or top of mine or shaft adit1602 bank head1645 mouth1702 bank1708 sough1747 pithead1839 brace1881 mouthing1883 c1619 S. Atkinson Discov. Gold Mynes Scotl. (1825) 15 To frame or make a long sowgh, or scowring place, into which they bringe the streame water. 1653 E. Manlove Liberties & Customes Lead-mines Derby 260 Main Rakes, Cross Rakes, Brown~henns, Budles and Soughs. 1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. iii. 137 This sort of damp..is that they commonly meet with in long Soughs for conveyance of water from the coale. 1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. Tijb These Addits or Soughs if they prove soft, destroy a great deal of Timber, especially in Sand. 1778 W. Pryce Mineralogia Cornubiensis 81 The Sough or Adit being one hundred fathoms below the surface. 1851 Act 14 & 15 Victoria c. 94 §26 If any Person shall, by virtue of any Sough Engine or other Means, unwater or give Relief to any Mine or Vein which may be under Water. 1882 R. L. Galloway Hist. Coal Mining 25 The drainage of the mines was effected by means of the horizontal tunnels.., which were variously termed adits, watergates, soughs, surfs. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † soughn.³ Forms: Also Middle English sugh. Etymology: representing Old English sulh plough: see sull n. Obsolete. rare. A ploughshare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > ploughing equipment > [noun] > plough > ploughshare shareOE ploughsharea1387 sock1404 sough?a1475 suck1499 soke1661 plough point1837 ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1879) VII. 165 Sche..passede by fulle stappes the ix. cultres or sughes with owte eny hurte. 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Vómere,..the sough or ploughshare or culter. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 333/2 The Sough..[of a plough] is that as Plows into the Ground. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online September 2021). soughv.¹ Brit. /saʊ/, /sʌf/, /suːx/, U.S. /səf/, /saʊ/ Forms: Old English swogan, Middle English swoghe ( squoe), 1500s Scottish swouch, suowch, swoch; Middle English souȝe, 1500s (1800s) sowgh, sogh, 1500s– sugh, 1700s– sough (1800s dialect suff); Scottish1500s sowch, 1500s, 1700s– souch, 1800s sooch; Middle English swowe, 1700s swoo, 1800s dialect sow, sou(e, soo. Etymology: Old English swógan, = Old Saxon swôgan to move with a rushing sound; related to Gothic ufswōgjan (compare Old English swégan to sound, etc.; Norwegian dialect søgja to murmur, rustle) and swōgatjan to sigh. Compare also West Frisian swoegje to pant. 1. a. intransitive. To make a rushing, rustling, or murmuring sound. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > continuous or protracted sound > [verb (intransitive)] > rushing sound > sough or sigh soughOE swoof?1590 sigh1757 suther1821 OE Crist III 949 On seofon healfa swogað windas, blawað brecende bearhtma mæste. OE Genesis 1375 Drihten..let..egorstreamas swearte swogan. c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 140 Þe see souȝed ful sore, gret selly to here. c1400 Anturs of Arth. 55 By þe stremys so strange, þat swyftly swoghes [v.r. squytherly squoes]. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid i. vi. 155 Ther wyngis swochand jolely. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid v. iii. 76 The fludis..souchand quhair thai fair, In sondir slydis. a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 171 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 100 Swannis suowchand full swyth swetest of sware. 1724 A. Ramsay Royal Archers Shooting iv The feather'd arrows drive All soughing thro' the sky. 1728 A. Ramsay Robert Richy & Sandy 56 Torn frae its roots adown it souchan fell. 1818 G. Beattie John o' Arnha' (ed. 2) 25 The wind sough'd mournfu' throw the trees. a1862 H. D. Thoreau Maine Woods (1864) i. 3 The white-pine tree.., its branches soughing with the four winds. 1884 R. C. Praed Zéro iv The wind soughed through the budding branches overhead in long monotonous swell. b. transitive. To utter in this manner. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > say in a particular manner [verb (transitive)] > mutter or mumble muttera1425 mumblec1450 murmurc1460 blabber?a1513 palter?1548 fumble1555 flummer1563 chaw1570 buzz1583 mumpa1586 demurmurate1641 loll1655 muttera1690 swallowa1791 sough1821 hummera1860 lip1887 mum-mumble1917 potato-mouth1937 rhubarb1958 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > continuous or protracted sound > [verb (transitive)] > rushing of wind > sough or sigh sough1821 1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 29 Each rude-risen tempest..Sughing its vengeance through the yellow trees. 1975 W. McIlvanney Docherty i. xviii. 124 Trees were brooding presences, soughing incantations. Every bush hid an invisible force, frequently malevolent. 2. a. intransitive. To draw the breath heavily or noisily; to sigh deeply. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > breathing > audible breathing > [verb (intransitive)] > sigh sichec893 sikec1175 sughc1175 sigh1377 sightc1450 sithec1450 suspirec1450 soughc1475 supire?1590 to break a sigh1765 sock1863 c1475 Partenay 1944 There gan he to sigh and sowghid for wo. c1475 Partenay 2890 He sighed, soghed, wepte with teres many. 1806 R. Jamieson Pop. Ballads II. 338 I hear your mither souch and snore. 1861 H. Bushnell Christian Nurture ii. iii. 258 Dosing, all together, and soughing in dull dreams. b. With away: To breathe one's last; to die. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > [verb (intransitive)] forsweltc888 sweltc888 adeadeOE deadc950 wendeOE i-wite971 starveOE witea1000 forfereOE forthfareOE forworthc1000 to go (also depart , pass, i-wite, chare) out of this worldOE queleOE fallOE to take (also nim, underfo) (the) deathOE to shed (one's own) blood?a1100 diec1135 endc1175 farec1175 to give up the ghostc1175 letc1200 aswelta1250 leavea1250 to-sweltc1275 to-worthc1275 to yield (up) the ghost (soul, breath, life, spirit)c1290 finea1300 spilla1300 part?1316 to leese one's life-daysa1325 to nim the way of deathc1325 to tine, leave, lose the sweatc1330 flit1340 trance1340 determinec1374 disperisha1382 to go the way of all the eartha1382 to be gathered to one's fathers1382 miscarryc1387 shut1390 goa1393 to die upa1400 expirea1400 fleea1400 to pass awaya1400 to seek out of lifea1400–50 to sye hethena1400 tinea1400 trespass14.. espirec1430 to end one's days?a1439 decease1439 to go away?a1450 ungoc1450 unlivec1450 to change one's lifea1470 vade1495 depart1501 to pay one's debt to (also the debt of) naturea1513 to decease this world1515 to go over?1520 jet1530 vade1530 to go westa1532 to pick over the perch1532 galpa1535 to die the death1535 to depart to God1548 to go home1561 mort1568 inlaikc1575 shuffle1576 finish1578 to hop (also tip, pitch over, drop off, etc.) the perch1587 relent1587 unbreathe1589 transpass1592 to lose one's breath1596 to make a die (of it)1611 to go offa1616 fail1623 to go out1635 to peak over the percha1641 exita1652 drop1654 to knock offa1657 to kick upa1658 to pay nature her due1657 ghost1666 to march off1693 to die off1697 pike1697 to drop off1699 tip (over) the perch1699 to pass (also go, be called, etc.) to one's reward1703 sink1718 vent1718 to launch into eternity1719 to join the majority1721 demise1727 to pack off1735 to slip one's cable1751 turf1763 to move off1764 to pop off the hooks1764 to hop off1797 to pass on1805 to go to glory1814 sough1816 to hand in one's accounts1817 to slip one's breatha1819 croak1819 to slip one's wind1819 stiffen1820 weed1824 buy1825 to drop short1826 to fall (a) prey (also victim, sacrifice) to1839 to get one's (also the) call1839 to drop (etc.) off the hooks1840 to unreeve one's lifeline1840 to step out1844 to cash, pass or send in one's checks1845 to hand in one's checks1845 to go off the handle1848 to go under1848 succumb1849 to turn one's toes up1851 to peg out1852 walk1858 snuff1864 to go or be up the flume1865 to pass outc1867 to cash in one's chips1870 to go (also pass over) to the majority1883 to cash in1884 to cop it1884 snuff1885 to belly up1886 perch1886 to kick the bucket1889 off1890 to knock over1892 to pass over1897 to stop one1901 to pass in1904 to hand in one's marble1911 the silver cord is loosed1911 pip1913 to cross over1915 conk1917 to check out1921 to kick off1921 to pack up1925 to step off1926 to take the ferry1928 peg1931 to meet one's Maker1933 to kiss off1935 to crease it1959 zonk1968 cark1977 to cark it1979 to take a dirt nap1981 1816 W. Scott Old Mortality x, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. IV. 237 His uncle, poor gentleman, just sough'd awa' wi' it in his mouth. 1886 A. D. Willock Rosetty Ends (1887) vi. 46 He muttered ‘Puir Gyp’, an' then he soughed awa. 3. transitive. a. To hum (a tune). Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > sing [verb (transitive)] > hum hum1602 sough1711 sowff1719 sowth?1784 teedle?a1800 thruma1845 noodle1897 1711 A. Ramsay Elegy Maggy Johnstoun x I took a nap, And soucht a' night balillilow, As sound 's a tap. 1721 A. Ramsay Elegy Patie Birnie iv His face could mak' you fain, When he did sough, ‘O wiltu, wiltu do 't again!’ 1805 J. Nicol Poems II. 133 (Jam.) I, 'mang many merry fouk, Can..sough a tune, an' crack a jock. b. To utter in a sighing or whining tone. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > say in a particular manner [verb (transitive)] > with a sigh or unhappily pule1535 suspirec1550 sigh1553 sob1782 sough1816 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > cry of emotion or pain > [verb (transitive)] > whine pule1535 whine1698 sough1816 mewl1819 1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. xii. 309 He hears ane o' the king's Presbyterian chaplains sough out a sermon. 1819 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor iv, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. II. 74 I hae soughed thae dark words ower to mysell. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022). soughv.² Brit. /saʊ/, /sʌf/, U.S. /səf/, /saʊ/ Forms: Also 1700s surf. Etymology: < sough n.² 1. transitive. a. To face or build up (a ditch) with stone, etc. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [verb (transitive)] > line excavation sough1688 timber1702 steen1724 1688 Norris Papers (Chetham Soc.) 175 That all ditches which convey the water crosse the highway be soughed with wall stone, and well covered throughout. 1794 Trans. Soc. Arts 12 237 Length of the drains, three hundred and ten yards,..the whole surfed with stone. b. To make drains in (land); to drain by constructing proper channels. Also absol. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > ditching or drainage > ditch [verb (transitive)] > drain otherwise sewer1565 run1665 land-drain1767 pipe-drain1796 sough1797 mole-drain1844 tile-drain1844 well point1867 1797 Trans. Soc. Arts 15 209 This lot of land, considered as enclosed, but not soughed. 1836 Hull & Selby Rlwy. Act 6 To bore, dig, cut, embank and sough. 1868 C. W. Hatfield Hist. Notices Doncaster II. 285 Silver-street and French-gate were soughed in 1837–8. 2. intransitive. To reach, or get into, a sough. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animals hunted > [verb (intransitive)] > hide in wood or marsh embossc1369 sough1898 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (intransitive)] > go down into a ditch or marsh sough1898 1898 Daily News 19 Feb. 9/2 Lang Syne again raced by, and was a meritorious winner as the hare soughed. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1338n.²a1300n.³?a1475v.¹OEv.²1688
随便看	hennatinted hennatressed henneries hennery hennies hennigian hennin hennins hennish hennotannic hennotannic acid henny henny-feathered hennyfeathered henoch henoch's purpura henoch–schönlein henoch–schönlein purpura henopoeia henopoetic henopoetical henotheism henotheisms henotheist henotheistic

soughn.1

Derivatives

soughn.2

† soughn.3

soughv.1

soughv.2

soughn.¹

soughn.²

† soughn.³

soughv.¹

soughv.²