specificationn.

/ˌspɛsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

Etymology: < medieval Latin specificātiōn-em, noun of action < specificāre specify v., or < French spécification (1341 in Godefroy Compl.), = Italian specificazione, Spanish especificacion, Portuguese -ação.

†1.

a. The action of investing with some specific or determinate quality; conversion to something specific. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > difference > [noun] > differentiation or distinguishing

discretiona1398

specification1615

discrepation1616

differentiation1855

differentiation1857

distinctificationa1866

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > [noun] > investing with determinate quality

specification1615

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 285 All formation and specification (for you must giue vs leaue to vse our Schoole~tearmes in these matters of Art) that is, all power to set the seale or figure or difference vpon any thing.

1664 J. Evelyn Sylva (1679) 3 The maturer seeds..freeing themselves from those impediments which hindred their Specification and Nativity.

1701 J. Norris Ess. Ideal World I. 261 So then the creatures owe their pure being to the power of God, but the specification of their being to his ideality.

b. Roman Law and Scots Law. The formation of a new species of property out of material belonging to another by converting it into a different form.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > possessions > [noun] > change of one kind of property to another

conversion1607

converting1633

specification1651

society > law > legal possession > [noun] > formation of new species of property from old

specification1651

1651 W. G. tr. J. Cowell Inst. Lawes Eng. 65 There is also an accession by specification or changing the Species, as if a man create a new Species out of a substance which was anothers, the property shall be in him, that made the Species.

1681 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. i. xii. 189 Appropriation by Specification.

1736 in Bell Comm. Laws Scot (1826) I. 277 It was found, that the specification by malting did not bar the reduction.

1765–8 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. ii. i. §16 Under accession may be included specification, by which is understood a person's making a new species or subject, from materials belonging to another.

1826 G. J. Bell Comm. Laws Scotl. I. 276 The famous controversy of the Proculeiani and Sabiniani concerning specification.

a1859 J. Austin Lect. Jurispr. (1869) II. liv. 904 There are various cases in which a party acquires a right in a thing belonging to another by labour employed upon it; for instance in the Roman Law by specification, that is by giving it a new form.

†2. A specific character, quality, or nature. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > [noun] > a characteristic

privilegec1225

distinctionc1374

propertyc1390

tachea1400

pointa1425

specialty?a1425

difference?c1425

conditionc1460

markc1522

touch1528

specialty1532

differentia1551

character?1569

formality1570

particularity1585

peculiar1589

accent1591

appropriation1600

characterism1603

peculiarity1606

resemblance1622

propera1626

speciality1625

specificationa1631

appropriament1633

characteristic1646

discrimination1646

diagnostic1651

characteristical1660

stroke1666

talent1670

physiognomya1680

oddity1713

distinctive1816

spécialité1836

trait1864

flavour1866

middle name1905

discriminant1920

discriminator1943

a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1956) VIII. 253 His Specification, his Character, his Title, Paracletus, The Comforter, passes through all.

1656 H. Jeanes Mixture Scholasticall Divinity 40 An act ought to be proportioned unto it's object, seeing it takes therefrom it's specification.

1710 W. Salmon (title) Botanologia: the English Herbal, or, History of Plants, containing their Names, Species, Descriptions, Qualities, Specifications,..and Uses.

a. Specific definition or description; description by specific or peculiar characters; †a specific name or appellation.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > naming > name or appellation > [noun] > other specific names or types of name

the Holy Namec1440

Singh1623

specification1633

indigitamenta1657

explicative1669

ethnic1791

household name1804

class term1811

book name1815

biverb1831

class word1837

family name1840

class name1843

ananym1867

papponymic1875

autonym1879

throne name1880

demonymic1893

ethnonym1894

a name to conjure with1901

praise name1904

self-reference1948

exonym1957

specific1962

endonym1970

demonym1990

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > [noun] > specific definition or description

specification1633

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > an explanation, definition > [noun] > precise or specific

specification1633

precision1690

1633 T. Adams Comm. 2 Peter (ii. 10) 728 Therefore this lust hath the specification; lust of uncleannesse.

1651 R. Baxter Plain Script. Proof Infants Church-membership & Baptism 64 It is..either a spirituall Mercy (common or speciall) or else Mercy in the generall without specification.

1660 R. Coke Justice Vindicated ii. 41 Men..must alter their Terms as they proceed from one thing to another, and add to them in the specifications of them.

1734 D. Waterland Importance Doctr. Trinity ii. 37 In short, the Specification of our Worship, and the right Direction of it, are nearly concern'd in this Doctrine.

1879 W. Thomson & P. G. Tait Treat. Nat. Philos. (new ed.) I: Pt. i. §218 The second element in the specification of a force is its direction... The third element in the specification of a force is its magnitude.

1879 H. Spencer Data of Ethics vi. §39. 100 From the biological point of view, ethical science becomes a specification of the conduct of associated men.

b. Logic. (See quots. and determination n. 5b.)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical classification > [noun] > determination

specification1864

1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic iv. 75 The contrary process of descending from higher to lower Concepts through the successive assumption of Marks is called Determination,—more properly Specification, as it expresses the act of becoming a Species.

1877 E. Caird Crit. Acct. Philos. Kant ii. iv. 273 An endless process of specification which, beginning with the most general and vague determinations,..goes on to determine the object in all its particular relations.

1884 tr. H. Lotze Logic 185 We may set down any conception M as equivalent to any other conception N when we have by further specification so changed N that it is equal to M.

c. Assignment to a (new) species. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > taxonomy > [noun] > identification or classification

diagnosis1840

specification1878

typing1900

phage-typing1942

1878 Darwin in Life & Lett. (1887) III. 160 I should think nearly perfect separation would greatly aid in their ‘specification’, to coin a new word.

a. Specific, explicit, or detailed mention, enumeration, or statement of something.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > [noun] > quality of being specific or detailed > specific or detailed mention, enumeration, etc.

particularizing1604

particularization1641

specification1642

itemization1894

1642 Bp. J. Taylor Of Sacred Order Episcopacy (1647) 119 No example in all Scripture of any censure inflicted by any meere Presbyters, either upon Clergy or Laity; no specification of any power that they had so to doe.

1657 T. Wall Comment on Times 30 The specification of these other Beasts in the text, prompts my inclination to this sense.

1719 F. Hare Church-authority Vindicated 27 By demanding a Specification of the powers claimed.

1762 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting II. i. 29 Besides others for very obscure persons, and without specification of place.

1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. ii. 380 The allegation of precipitation and unfairness..he..by a specification of circumstances endeavoured to disprove.

1839 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe IV. vii. 558 The specification of some public or private library where they may be seen.

1862 G. P. Marsh Lect. Eng. Lang. (new ed.) iii. 59 The specification of the particular colours which he ascribes to the wings of the archangel.

b. Without const.

ΚΠ

1767 B. Gooch Pract. Treat. Wounds I. 97 Celsus agrees with Hippocrates, adding some specifications, in respect to the wounded parts.

1795 W. Paley View Evidences Christianity (ed. 3) II. ii. i. 22 If the prophecies had been composed after the event, there would have been more specification.

1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella II. i. xix. 197 This illustrious family..is worthy of specification.

1887 A. Johnston in J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. (1888) I. App. 546 The provisions of the whole fifth section..are in so many State constitutions that no specification is needed for them.

c. spec. A document, drawn up by the applicant for a patent and submitted to the proper authority, giving an explicit description of the nature, details, construction, and use of an invention.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] > a plan > detailed plan > of an invention

specification1791

society > law > legal right > rights to do or use something > [noun] > industrial property rights > conferred by patent > patent > description of invention lodged officially

specification1791

caveat1879

1791 Obs. Utility Patents 16 The Patentee being under the necessity of describing in his Specification the nature and form of his invention in all its parts.

1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 140 We shall now take so much from the specification of the patent..as may explain [etc.].

1854 E. Ronalds & T. Richardson Knapp's Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) I. 369 The drawings are taken from Mr. Reece's original specification.

1882 Engineer 24 Feb. 138/2 After carefully perusing the defendant's specification,..I am led to think [etc.].

d. technical. A detailed description of the particulars of some projected work in building, engineering, or the like, giving the dimensions, materials, quantities, etc., of the work, together with directions to be followed by the builder or constructor; the document containing this.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] > a plan > detailed plan

inventary1608

specification1833

blueprint1910

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > [noun] > quality of being specific or detailed > of projected work

specification1833

1833 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Cottage Archit. §233 Particulars, or Specification and Estimate.

1833 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Cottage Archit. §233 We shall give the specification, for each trade, in a separate paragraph.

1850 E. B. Denison Rudimentary Treat. Clock & Watch Making iii. cxci. 272 I have seen a specification..furnished sometime ago by an eminent architect for an important public clock.

1883 M. P. Bale Saw-mills 67 The author appends a short specification of 30 h.-p. boiler suitable for saw-mill work.

e. A specified article, item, or particular.In later dictionaries.

ΚΠ

1828–32 in N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	specification
释义	specificationn. /ˌspɛsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ Etymology: < medieval Latin specificātiōn-em, noun of action < specificāre specify v., or < French spécification (1341 in Godefroy Compl.), = Italian specificazione, Spanish especificacion, Portuguese -ação. †1. a. The action of investing with some specific or determinate quality; conversion to something specific. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > difference > [noun] > differentiation or distinguishing discretiona1398 specification1615 discrepation1616 differentiation1855 differentiation1857 distinctificationa1866 the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > [noun] > investing with determinate quality specification1615 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 285 All formation and specification (for you must giue vs leaue to vse our Schoole~tearmes in these matters of Art) that is, all power to set the seale or figure or difference vpon any thing. 1664 J. Evelyn Sylva (1679) 3 The maturer seeds..freeing themselves from those impediments which hindred their Specification and Nativity. 1701 J. Norris Ess. Ideal World I. 261 So then the creatures owe their pure being to the power of God, but the specification of their being to his ideality. b. Roman Law and Scots Law. The formation of a new species of property out of material belonging to another by converting it into a different form. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > possessions > [noun] > change of one kind of property to another conversion1607 converting1633 specification1651 society > law > legal possession > [noun] > formation of new species of property from old specification1651 1651 W. G. tr. J. Cowell Inst. Lawes Eng. 65 There is also an accession by specification or changing the Species, as if a man create a new Species out of a substance which was anothers, the property shall be in him, that made the Species. 1681 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. i. xii. 189 Appropriation by Specification. 1736 in Bell Comm. Laws Scot (1826) I. 277 It was found, that the specification by malting did not bar the reduction. 1765–8 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. ii. i. §16 Under accession may be included specification, by which is understood a person's making a new species or subject, from materials belonging to another. 1826 G. J. Bell Comm. Laws Scotl. I. 276 The famous controversy of the Proculeiani and Sabiniani concerning specification. a1859 J. Austin Lect. Jurispr. (1869) II. liv. 904 There are various cases in which a party acquires a right in a thing belonging to another by labour employed upon it; for instance in the Roman Law by specification, that is by giving it a new form. †2. A specific character, quality, or nature. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > [noun] > a characteristic privilegec1225 distinctionc1374 propertyc1390 tachea1400 pointa1425 specialty?a1425 difference?c1425 conditionc1460 markc1522 touch1528 specialty1532 differentia1551 character?1569 formality1570 particularity1585 peculiar1589 accent1591 appropriation1600 characterism1603 peculiarity1606 resemblance1622 propera1626 speciality1625 specificationa1631 appropriament1633 characteristic1646 discrimination1646 diagnostic1651 characteristical1660 stroke1666 talent1670 physiognomya1680 oddity1713 distinctive1816 spécialité1836 trait1864 flavour1866 middle name1905 discriminant1920 discriminator1943 a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1956) VIII. 253 His Specification, his Character, his Title, Paracletus, The Comforter, passes through all. 1656 H. Jeanes Mixture Scholasticall Divinity 40 An act ought to be proportioned unto it's object, seeing it takes therefrom it's specification. 1710 W. Salmon (title) Botanologia: the English Herbal, or, History of Plants, containing their Names, Species, Descriptions, Qualities, Specifications,..and Uses. 3. a. Specific definition or description; description by specific or peculiar characters; †a specific name or appellation. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > naming > name or appellation > [noun] > other specific names or types of name the Holy Namec1440 Singh1623 specification1633 indigitamenta1657 explicative1669 ethnic1791 household name1804 class term1811 book name1815 biverb1831 class word1837 family name1840 class name1843 ananym1867 papponymic1875 autonym1879 throne name1880 demonymic1893 ethnonym1894 a name to conjure with1901 praise name1904 self-reference1948 exonym1957 specific1962 endonym1970 demonym1990 the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > [noun] > specific definition or description specification1633 the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > an explanation, definition > [noun] > precise or specific specification1633 precision1690 1633 T. Adams Comm. 2 Peter (ii. 10) 728 Therefore this lust hath the specification; lust of uncleannesse. 1651 R. Baxter Plain Script. Proof Infants Church-membership & Baptism 64 It is..either a spirituall Mercy (common or speciall) or else Mercy in the generall without specification. 1660 R. Coke Justice Vindicated ii. 41 Men..must alter their Terms as they proceed from one thing to another, and add to them in the specifications of them. 1734 D. Waterland Importance Doctr. Trinity ii. 37 In short, the Specification of our Worship, and the right Direction of it, are nearly concern'd in this Doctrine. 1879 W. Thomson & P. G. Tait Treat. Nat. Philos. (new ed.) I: Pt. i. §218 The second element in the specification of a force is its direction... The third element in the specification of a force is its magnitude. 1879 H. Spencer Data of Ethics vi. §39. 100 From the biological point of view, ethical science becomes a specification of the conduct of associated men. b. Logic. (See quots. and determination n. 5b.) ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical classification > [noun] > determination specification1864 1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic iv. 75 The contrary process of descending from higher to lower Concepts through the successive assumption of Marks is called Determination,—more properly Specification, as it expresses the act of becoming a Species. 1877 E. Caird Crit. Acct. Philos. Kant ii. iv. 273 An endless process of specification which, beginning with the most general and vague determinations,..goes on to determine the object in all its particular relations. 1884 tr. H. Lotze Logic 185 We may set down any conception M as equivalent to any other conception N when we have by further specification so changed N that it is equal to M. c. Assignment to a (new) species. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > taxonomy > [noun] > identification or classification diagnosis1840 specification1878 typing1900 phage-typing1942 1878 Darwin in Life & Lett. (1887) III. 160 I should think nearly perfect separation would greatly aid in their ‘specification’, to coin a new word. 4. a. Specific, explicit, or detailed mention, enumeration, or statement of something. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > [noun] > quality of being specific or detailed > specific or detailed mention, enumeration, etc. particularizing1604 particularization1641 specification1642 itemization1894 1642 Bp. J. Taylor Of Sacred Order Episcopacy (1647) 119 No example in all Scripture of any censure inflicted by any meere Presbyters, either upon Clergy or Laity; no specification of any power that they had so to doe. 1657 T. Wall Comment on Times 30 The specification of these other Beasts in the text, prompts my inclination to this sense. 1719 F. Hare Church-authority Vindicated 27 By demanding a Specification of the powers claimed. 1762 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting II. i. 29 Besides others for very obscure persons, and without specification of place. 1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. ii. 380 The allegation of precipitation and unfairness..he..by a specification of circumstances endeavoured to disprove. 1839 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe IV. vii. 558 The specification of some public or private library where they may be seen. 1862 G. P. Marsh Lect. Eng. Lang. (new ed.) iii. 59 The specification of the particular colours which he ascribes to the wings of the archangel. b. Without const. ΚΠ 1767 B. Gooch Pract. Treat. Wounds I. 97 Celsus agrees with Hippocrates, adding some specifications, in respect to the wounded parts. 1795 W. Paley View Evidences Christianity (ed. 3) II. ii. i. 22 If the prophecies had been composed after the event, there would have been more specification. 1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella II. i. xix. 197 This illustrious family..is worthy of specification. 1887 A. Johnston in J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. (1888) I. App. 546 The provisions of the whole fifth section..are in so many State constitutions that no specification is needed for them. c. spec. A document, drawn up by the applicant for a patent and submitted to the proper authority, giving an explicit description of the nature, details, construction, and use of an invention. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] > a plan > detailed plan > of an invention specification1791 society > law > legal right > rights to do or use something > [noun] > industrial property rights > conferred by patent > patent > description of invention lodged officially specification1791 caveat1879 1791 Obs. Utility Patents 16 The Patentee being under the necessity of describing in his Specification the nature and form of his invention in all its parts. 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 140 We shall now take so much from the specification of the patent..as may explain [etc.]. 1854 E. Ronalds & T. Richardson Knapp's Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) I. 369 The drawings are taken from Mr. Reece's original specification. 1882 Engineer 24 Feb. 138/2 After carefully perusing the defendant's specification,..I am led to think [etc.]. d. technical. A detailed description of the particulars of some projected work in building, engineering, or the like, giving the dimensions, materials, quantities, etc., of the work, together with directions to be followed by the builder or constructor; the document containing this. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] > a plan > detailed plan inventary1608 specification1833 blueprint1910 the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > [noun] > quality of being specific or detailed > of projected work specification1833 1833 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Cottage Archit. §233 Particulars, or Specification and Estimate. 1833 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Cottage Archit. §233 We shall give the specification, for each trade, in a separate paragraph. 1850 E. B. Denison Rudimentary Treat. Clock & Watch Making iii. cxci. 272 I have seen a specification..furnished sometime ago by an eminent architect for an important public clock. 1883 M. P. Bale Saw-mills 67 The author appends a short specification of 30 h.-p. boiler suitable for saw-mill work. e. A specified article, item, or particular.In later dictionaries. ΚΠ 1828–32 in N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1615
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