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单词 son
释义

sonn.1

Brit. /sʌn/, U.S. /sən/
Forms:

α. (chiefly northern and north midlands in later Middle English) Old English suna (rare), Old English sunnu (rare), Old English suno (chiefly Northumbrian), Old English syna (genitive, rare), Old English–early Middle English suna (inflected form), Old English–early Middle English sunu, Old English (rare)–1500s sune, late Old English Middle English–1600s (1800s English regional (Northumberland)) sun, early Middle English sunæ, Middle English sunn, Middle English–1500s sunne, 1500s swnne (northern); Scottish pre-1700 sune, pre-1700 swn, pre-1700 swne, pre-1700 1900s sun, 1700s– sin, 1900s sinn.

β. early Middle English–1600s sone, Middle English sonnie (perhaps transmission error), Middle English soun, Middle English zone (south-eastern), Middle English–1500s soon, Middle English–1600s sonn, Middle English–1600s sonne, Middle English–1600s soone, Middle English–1600s soune, Middle English– son, 1500s zon, 1500s zonne, 1500s–1600s soonn, 1500s–1600s soonne, 1600s suoone; Scottish pre-1700 schon, pre-1700 soine, pre-1700 sonn, pre-1700 sonne, pre-1700 soon, pre-1700 soone, pre-1700 soun, pre-1700 soune, pre-1700 sovn, pre-1700 sovnne, pre-1700 sowne, pre-1700 soyn, pre-1700 soyne, pre-1700 1700s sone, pre-1700 1700s– son.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian sunu, sune, sōn (West Frisian soan, East Frisian (Wangeroog) súunuu, (Saterland) súun), Old Dutch sunu (Middle Dutch sone, Dutch zoon), Old Saxon sunu (Middle Low German sȫne), Old High German sun, sunu (Middle High German sun, German Sohn), early Scandinavian (runic: Sweden and Denmark) sunR, (runic: Denmark) sun, son, Old Icelandic sunr, sonr (Icelandic sonur), Norwegian (Bokmål and Nynorsk) son, (Bokmål) sønn, Old Swedish son, sun (Swedish son), Old Danish sun, son (Danish søn), Gothic sunus < the same Indo-European base as Sanskrit sūnu, Avestan hunu, Old Church Slavonic synŭ, Old Prussian soūns, Lithuanian sūnus; further etymology uncertain, probably ultimately related to an Indo-European base with the sense ‘to give birth’ (also seen in e.g. Vedic Sanskrit sū birth-giver, mother, sūti birth, genesis); compare also (with different suffix) ancient Greek υἱός (in inscriptions also υἱύς), and apparently further Tocharian A se, Tocharian B soy.Note on the Indo-European base. This is the only one of the core kinship terms in the Germanic languages which does not continue an Indo-European formation with a dental suffix and original r -stem (see discussion at father n., and compare mother n.1, brother n., sister n., and daughter n.). Words for ‘son’ in other branches of Indo-European are also of more diverse origin than most of the other kinship terms, compare e.g. the unrelated classical Latin fīlius (see filial adj.), Early Irish macc (see Mac n.1), Sanskrit putra (see Rajput n.). Notes on inflection. In Old English usually a strong masculine, originally a u -stem, as in the other older Germanic languages (ultimately reflecting the Indo-European base). Although the word preserves the u -stem paradigm better than other such nouns, both regular strong masculine (a -stem) forms and weak masculine forms are sometimes found, chiefly in later sources (compare e.g. quot. OE2 at sense 1aα. ). There is also some indication in later sources of the inherited (u -stem) case endings, i.e. either -u or -a , being levelled through the rest of the paradigm, although this may be graphic rather than phonological. Uninflected genitive and plural forms (in -e ) occasionally survive in early Middle English, beside -n plurals. Isolated uninflected plural forms such as sone , sonne are still found in the 14th cent. Notes on variant forms. Spellings with o (see β. forms) are apparently to some extent purely graphic (showing o as a graph for short u and its later reflexes); the eventual adoption of son as modern standard spelling is probably partly motivated by the wish to disambiguate it from the spelling of sun n.1 However, in Middle English, some spellings, especially those with oo , etc. may reflect (chiefly northern) lengthening and raising of the vowel in an open syllable to long close ō . Specific senses. Frequently used to translate classical Latin fīlius son (see filial adj.), which has a similar semantic range; with biblical uses (in various senses) compare also ancient Greek ὑιὸς (see above) and Hebrew bēn (both lit. ‘son’). With sense 2 compare God the Son at god n. 5b and also Phrases 1b(a). With sons of Israel (see sense 5) compare Children of Israel n. at child n. 11 and the discussion at that entry. In Old English, bearn bairn n. is frequently used in a similar range of senses and is preferred in some religious uses and contexts (compare e.g. quot. eOE at sense 1b and quot. OE at sense 5c); compare also child n. II. and the discussion at that entry.
1.
a. A boy or man in relation to either or both of his parents; a person's male child. (The male counterpart of daughter n.). Cf. grandson n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > family unit > [noun] > male > son
sonOE
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > son > [noun]
sonOE
son and heir?a1400
sonkin1542
little boy1553
α.
OE Beowulf (2008) 645 Oþ þæt semninga sunu Healfdenes secean wolde æfenræste.
OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 1052 His sunan wæron eorlas, & þæs cynges dyrlingas, & his dohtor þæm cynge beweddod.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1121 His dohter..seo wæs Willelme þes cynges sune æror to wife forgyfan.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 488 And ta twa prestess wærenn aAroness suness baþe.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1270 (MED) His tuæin sunan he sette on hond.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2175 Alle we ben on faderes sunen.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 796 Of þat ilk appel bitt þair suns tethe ar eggeid yitt.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 298 (MED) He had þre þryven sunez, and þay þre wyvez.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 102 Se ye not the sun of youre sure kyng..turnyt a way?
1670 in G. F. Dow Probate Rec. Essex County, Mass. (1917) II. 189 I giue to my sun Thomas my grate timber Chaine and one drafte Chaine.
1786 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 158 Our Stibble-rig was Rab M'Graen..; His Sin gat Eppie Sim wi' wean.
β. a1275 (?c1200) Prov. Alfred (Trin. Cambr.) (1955) 128 Sone [a1250 Galba sune] min swo leue site me nu bisidens [read bisiden].1340 Ayenbite (1866) 48 Ne uorzakeþ nenne ne uader ne broþer ne zone.a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 385 Dedalus wiþ his sone Icarus.a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) l. 2736 A man þat sone was To a conseil, was take in þis trespas.1473 in C. Rogers Rental Bk. Cupar-Angus (1879) I. 191 Thome Sowtar forsaid and his thre sonys.a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Gloucester) (1971) 762 (MED) The lytell byrde..Is a Ryȝthe fayr sonne That sche schall bryng forthe.1529 Will of Thomas Cromwell in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell (1902) I. 57 I gyue and bequethe to my saide Soon Gregorye A Bason.1629 Vse of Law 59 in J. Doddridge Lawyers Light During the minoritie of his eldest sonne.1681 J. Dryden Absalom & Achitophel 2 Indulgent David view'd His Youthfull Image in his Son renew'd.1744 J. Campbell Lives Admirals IV. 299 His Parents..thought fit to bestow that Name upon their Son, as a probable Means of Recommending him to this Relation's Notice.a1771 T. Gray Agrippina in Poems (1775) 130 If the son reign, the mother perishes.1812 R. Southey Let. 4 Jan. in C. C. Southey Life & Corr. R. Southey (1850) III. 325 His name is Shelley, son to the member for Shoreham.1871 S. Smiles Character ii. 46 To inspire her sons' minds with elevating thoughts.1938 L. V. Armstrong We too are the People iv. 115 She was a widow with a son.1993 A. Dacyczyn Tightwad Gaz. iii. 111/1 Their two sons..thrive in the contented bicker-free home life.2014 Times 10 Oct. (Arts section) 12/3 He grew up in Aston, dirt poor, the son of a factory worker.
b. A male animal in relation to either or both of its parents.
ΚΠ
eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iii. xii. 196 Cwist ðu þæt þe sy leofre þære myran sunu [L. filius equae] þonne þæt Godes bearn?
OE Lambeth Psalter xxvii. 1 Afferte domino, filii dei, afferte domino filios arietum : bringað drihtne bearn uel eala ge suna godes bearn uel suna ramma.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Zech. ix. 9 Thi kyng shal cume to thee..styinge [read sytinge] vpon a she asse, and vpon a fole, sone [L. filium] of the she asse.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xviii. viii. 1123 Þe sone of þe asse and of þe mare, þat is þe mule, gendreþ nouȝt.
c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) l. 2448 It com hym of nature As doth the fox Renard the foxis sone.
1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope v. xiv. f. lxxxxijv The foxe toke to hym his sone prayenge hym that to his sone he wold shewe and lerne good doctryne.
?1530 Dialoges Creatures Moralysed xcii. sig. HH.ivv The Fawne, which is the sonne of the harte.
1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates Glendower f. xx How would we mocke the burden bearing mule If he would brag he wer an horses sunne.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 299 The King of Scythia..being desirous to continue the breede, caused his horsse-keeper to put the Sonne and Mother together.
1690 J. Dryden Don Sebastian iii. ii. 59 No, 'tis the Son of a Mare that's broken loose and munching upon the Melons.
1751 F. Coventry Hist. Pompey the Little ii. 10 Pompey, the Son of Julio and Phyllis, was born A. D. 1735 at Bologna in Italy, a Place famous for Lap-Dogs and Sausages.
1767 R. Heber Hist. List Horse-matches Run 1766 142 Ld. Bolingbroke's Colt, Bacchus..got by a Son of Forester, Dam by Partner.
1829 G. Coates Suppl. to Gen. Short-horned Herd-bk. 6 Albion [sc. a bull]... Got..by a Son of George Coate's Roan Cow.
1850 Bell's Life in London 15 Dec. 5/1 A trial between the merits of the sons of favourite stud dogs.
1917 Field Oct. 782/3 Junior champion bull was Mr. Cleveland's Sunnybrook Judge a five yearling son of Florham Autocrat.
1974 New Yorker 29 Apr. 102/2 A son of..a Thoroughbred, and..a quarter-horse brood mare.
1995 Farmers Weekly 21 July 43/1 The high-priced bull..has been used widely as a sire of sons in breeding programmes throughout the world.
2. Christ considered as God's son. Also (chiefly with the and capital initial): the Second Person of the Trinity. Cf. father n. 2, Holy Ghost n. 1, and Phrases 1b(a).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > the Trinity > the Son or Christ > [noun]
soneOE
godOE
son of manOE
Abraham's seedOE
King of kingsOE
Christ almightyOE
ChristOE
JesusOE
lordOE
Our LordOE
Jesus Christc1175
Christ Jesusc1330
second personc1380
holiesta1400
Son of Goda1425
Man of Sorrows1577
eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter: Canticles & Hymns (1965) viii. 18 Benedicamus patrem et filium et sanctum spiritum : bledsien we feder & sunu & ðone halgan gast.
eOE Form of Adjuration (Durh. A.iv.19) in F. Liebermann Gesetze der Angelsachsen (1903) I. 412 Ic eow..halsige on Fæder naman & on Suna naman.
c1175 ( in A. O. Belfour 12th Cent. Homilies in MS Bodl. 343 (1909) 50 Riht ileafæ is þæt mon ilyfe on Fæder & on Sune & on Haliȝne Gast.
a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 85 Þe feder and þe sune and þe halie gast.
a1275 St. Margaret (Trin. Cambr.) l. 167 in A. S. M. Clark Seint Maregrete & Body & Soul (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Michigan) (1972) 57 Fader ant sone ant holi gost..ne lete neuer todai myne herte wende.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 12 Þe oþer article belongeþ to þe zone aze to his godhede.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Royal) (1850) 1 John ii. 24 Ȝe shulen dwelle in the sone [L. Filio] and the fadir.
c1425 (c1400) Prymer (Cambr.) (1895) 47 God, fadir of heuene... God þe sone... God þe holi gost, haue merci of us!
a1450 Mandeville's Trav. (Bodl. e Mus.) 13 (MED) They seyn that the Holy Gost comyth not from the Sone but only from the Fadyr.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 135 That sone is lord, that sone is king of kingis.
1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Euensong f. viv The father is God, the sonne [is] God.
a1628 F. Greville Cælica lxxxix, in Certaine Wks. (1633) 237 We seeme more inwardly to know the Sonne.
1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd ii. 260 It was the hour of night, when thus the Son Commun'd in silent walk. View more context for this quotation
1752 J. Mannock Poor Man's Catech. 36 Praise God in the Conception of his Son.
1798 Monthly Mag. July 33/2 Some..seem to apprehend the names of Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, as designative of the same Divine Being under different relations to man.
a1822 P. B. Shelley Poet. Wks. (1870) II. 299 The Father and the Son Knew that strife was now begun.
1858 J. G. Whittier Trinitas 56 Father, and Son, and Holy Call; This day thou hast denied them all!
1943 R. C. H. Lenski Interpr. St John's Revelation 192 God in his grace sent his Son into the world.
1988 Jrnl. Semitic Stud. 33 64 It is paradoxical on the one hand to identify Father and Son as a single divine Being, while on the other attributing different characteristics to them.
3.
a. A boy or man who is treated as the offspring of an older adult or parental figure, or who assumes this role; a person who is (formally or informally) adopted as a son.adoptive son, prodigal son, white son, etc.: see the first element. See also foster-son n., godson n., name-son n., stepson n.In early use often in religious contexts: a person regarded spiritually as another's son; spec. a boy or man considered as belonging to God by regeneration as well as adoption; cf. child n. 13.In later use often in to be a son to (a person or couple).
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > son > [noun] > one regarded or reputed as son
sonOE
son-in-law1566
OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Exod. (Claud.) ii. 10 Heo hine lufode & hæfde hire for suna [L. adoptavit in locum filii].
OE West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) xix. 26 Þa cwæþ he to his meder: Wif, her ys þin sunu.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 185 He [sc. John the Baptist] shall newenn cumenn forþ To turrnenn. & to wendenn. Þe sunes þurrh hiss hallȝhe spell Till þeȝȝre faderr herrte.
a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 19 Alle men ben godes children, for þat he hem alle shop, and ches hem to sunes and to dohtres.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 101 (MED) We byeþ his zones be grace and by adopcion.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Royal) (1850) 3 John 4 I haue not more grace of thes thingis, than that I here my sones [L. filios] for to walke in treuthe.
a1425 Rule St. Benet (Lansd.) (1902) 1 (MED) Þat he, þat hase vochyd safe to cownte vs in þe nummer of hys sons, be not greuyd ony tyme be our euyl dedis.
c1440 Second Hymn to Jesus (Thornton) in G. G. Perry Relig. Pieces in Prose & Verse (1914) 95 His mercy..That..me, a wreche, his sun walde make.
1534 W. Marshall tr. Erasmus Playne & Godly Expos. Commune Crede f. 136 This onely lord doth Christe shewe vnto vs:..whome as sonnes, not bastarde, or goynge out of kynde, we sholde countrefayte and folowe.
1615 tr. R. Mocket God & King 83 Kinges are as Fathers, and subiects as Sonnes.
1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity iii, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 506 Let Thy command Restore, great Father, Thy instructed son.
1732 tr. A. F. Prévost d'Exiles Life Mr. Cleveland (new ed.) I. 146 I liv'd in so familiar a manner with my lord Axminster and his lady, that I did not so much consider myself a stranger as their son.
1800 W. Wordsworth in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads II. 62 And, Matthew, for thy Children dead I'll be a son to thee!
1842 W. G. Simms Beauchampe xxiv. 90/1 In some respects you have been a son to me.
1877 S. Baring-Gould & J. Fisher Lives Brit. Saints Oct. 305 The child afterwards lived and died in God's service at Ripon, and was called the bishop's son.
1911 G. B. McCutcheon Mary Midthorne xviii. 329 You are my son now. I want a son.
1967 Anderson (Indiana) Herald 22 Mar. 13/6 Naturally, you want him to be loyal to the father who has legally made him his son.
1985 N.Y. Times 13 Jan. (Book Review section) 24/1 Mr. Craft became a son to the Stravinskys.
2003 Times (Nexis) 3 Nov. (Times2 section) 8 I set off to meet the baby who might become my son.
b. = son-in-law n. Now archaic and rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > son > [noun] > son-in-law
odamOE
son-in-lawa1382
good-son1436
sonlaw1445
good-son-in-law1513
son1533
1533 in J. W. Clay Testamenta Eboracensia (1902) VI. 38 My said sone Briane Tunstall.
a1550 W. Lamb Resonyng (1985) 23 Kyng Henry the Sevint, being requirit be his sone kyng of Scotland for justice, ansuerit [etc.].
a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) v. ii. 84 Bap. Sonne, Ile be your halfe, Bianca comes. View more context for this quotation
1827 S. B. H. Judah Buccaneers (ed. 2) iv. ii. 233 What can give thee back thy daughter's husband, thy son!
1984 M. E. Gibbs & S. M. Johnson tr. W. Von Eschenbach in Willehalm iv. 99 My lord, and my most noble son, you should do it in order to bring honour upon your child and also for the sake of my daughter, your wife.
4. Used as an affectionate form of address to a man or boy by an unrelated older person, or by a person of higher professional or social status. Also occasionally used as a familiar or patronizing form of address to a man younger than the speaker. Cf. sonny n. 1, old son n. at old adj. Compounds 5b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > junior person > [noun] > male
sonOE
the mind > emotion > love > terms of endearment > [noun] > of or to a man
sonOE
brotherOE
friarc1290
lad1535
fellow1577
bubba1841
old top1856
bra1869
bro1918
mush1936
ouboet1953
coz1961
oppa1963
bruv1970
OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. ix. 2 Confide, fili, remittuntur tibi peccata tua : getriowue uel gelef la sunu forgefen biðon uel sie forgefen ðe synno ðina.
OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) ii. xiv. 131 Benedictus cleopode & þus cwæð: ‘alege, sunu, alege þæt þu byrst’.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Royal) (1850) 1 John ii. 18 Mi litel sones [L. filioli], the last hour is.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. l. 1977 (MED) Mi Sone, in alle maner wise Surquiderie is to despise.
a1425 Rule St. Benet (Lansd.) (1902) 1 (MED) Son, Herkyn þe commandementis of þe mastir & lay to þe eere of thy herte.
c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 196 Þe bisshop sayd; ‘Nay, son..here hase bene a noder emperour of long tyme’.
a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 49 Soune most glorious, most rightful Emperour.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) iii. i. 162 Son, I haue ouer-heard what hath past between you & your sister. View more context for this quotation
1640 D. Lupton Glory of their Times 113 Do not, ô my sonnes, ô! doe not destroy so many reasonable soules for a few mute creatures.
1706 tr. Present State Europe Nov. 471 The Pope..[writes] Most Dear Sons, we wish you all manner of Happiness.
1820 W. Scott Monastery II. xi. 330 ‘Prove thy strength, my son, in the name of God!’ said the preacher.
1848 L. H. Sigourney Water Drops 60 All men have sinned, my son, though not all in the same way.
1914 G. B. Shaw Misalliance 5 Bentley:…I should like to wring your damned neck for you. Johnny (with a derisive laugh): Try it, my son.
1967 Listener 22 June 807/2 Look, son, I am not moving from this spot. If you want me you will have to arrest me.
2014 Yorks. Evening Post (Nexis) 6 July Young riders approaching the summit could be sure of huge applause and rousing cheers of ‘Go on son!’
5. With of or possessive.
a. A male descendant; a male member of a tribe, clan, or ethnic group. Cf. son of Adam at Phrases 1c.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > descendant > [noun]
sonOE
lineage1303
rootc1330
impinga1340
after-comera1382
nephewa1387
impc1412
descentc1475
branch1535
descendant1569
stirp1574
scion1591
sprig1591
slip1594
sprout?1611
posterior1889
ancestor1920
OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. i. 1 Liber generationis Iesu Christi filii David ϕlii [i.e. filii] Abraham : boc cneurise haelendes cristes dauides sunu abrahames sunu.
OE Exodus 18 Faraones cyn..gyrdwite band, þær him gesealde sigora waldend..his maga feorh, onwist eðles, Abrahames sunum.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) Judges xx. 23 Schal I more gon forth to fiȝtyn aȝenst þe sones of Benjamyn [L. filios Beniamin] my breþeren or nay?
c1400 Apocalypse St. John: B Version (Harl. 171) (1971) 35 (MED) I herde þe noumbre of hem..an hundrid þousand & foure & fourti þousand, markid of euery lynage of þe sones of Israel [L. filiorum Israhel].
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Ezek. iii. 1 Speke to the sones of Israel [L. filios Israhel].
c1480 (a1400) St. John Baptist 63 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 225 Mony sonnis of israel..to god, þar lord, turne sal he.
a1500 Gospel of Nicodemus (Harl. 149) (1974) 54 (MED) We ben not borne yn fornycacyoun, but we be sones of the Jewes and no proselytes.
a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 577 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 113 The dowglass..Wan wichtly of weir..Ffra sonnis of ye saxonis.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 449 Not onely to the Sons of Abrahams Loines..but to the Sons Of Abrahams Faith wherever through the world. View more context for this quotation
1762 W. Green New Transl. Psalms 241 The Sons of Ham peopled Africa and the parts of Asia adjacent.
1782 W. Cowper Expostulation in Poems 109 Such when the teacher of his church was there, People and priest, the sons of Israel were.
1841 O. Baker tr. E. Tegnér Saga of Frithiof 57 Thou, Thorsten's son, as good as son of kings.
1893 A. Lillie Infl. Buddhism on Primitive Christianity i. 12 The sons of Abraham went several times to Egypt to escape famine.
1910 H. Szold tr. L. Ginzberg Legends of Jews II. i. 155 The conflict between the sons of Jacob and the sons of Esau broke out anew.
2008 E. Tarica Inner Life Mestizo Nationalism ii. 30 He writes as..the son of the Indian race.
b. Something (personified as male) considered in relation to its origin, source, or cause.In quot. OE translating post-classical Latin fimi soboles sordentis ‘offspring of dirty dung’ (in Aldhelm), with allusion to the assumed origin of dung beetles.
ΚΠ
OE Riddle 40 72 Me is snægl swiftra..; ic [read is] þæs gores sunu gonge hrædra, þone we wifel wordum nemnað.
c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) l. 595 Þu schalt i þi meiðhad temen dehtren & sunen of gasteliche teames..þet beoð þe uertuz þet he streoneð in þe..as rihtwissnesse & warschipe [etc.].
?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 37 (MED) Discrecioun haþ manye children or sones, as a tre þat haþ manye bowes or braunchis.
1586 Praise of Musicke iii. 38 Harmony had two sonnes. The one of them was called Concentus, the other Accentus: of Grammatica he begat Accentus, but Concentus was borne vnto him of the nymphe Musica.
1610 G. Fletcher Christs Victorie 41 Queint Pride Hath taught her Sonnes to wound their mothers side.
1709 Tatler No. 90. 140 Love..is the son of Plenty, who was the offspring of Prudence.
1712 R. Blackmore Creation vi. 272 See, her tall Sons, the Cedar, Oak, and Pine, The fragrant Myrtle, and the juicy Vine.
1782 W. Cowper Heroism in Poems 360 Famine and pestilence, her first-born son.
1832 Relig. Intelligencer June 67/2 The [British and Foreign Temperance] Society..is the first born son of our American Temperance Society.
1927 Lariat Jan. 36/1 Jack Frost is old King Winter's son.
1993 Feyerabend & Crackpot (?) Physics in sci.physics (Usenet newsgroup) 1 May Charles Bennett gave a wonderful talk..on what he calls quantum teleportation (son of quantum cryptography, it seems).
c. A man who exemplifies or displays the spirit or characteristics associated with a person or (more often) a god or a biblical or mythical figure.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [noun] > one who resembles another > one who inherits qualities from another
sonc1175
chip off the old (also same) block1621
chip1658
c1175 ( Ælfric Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 65 He is deofles sunu [L. filius diaboli], ðe þe deofles weorc wyrcð.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) Judges xix. 22 Camyn men of þat cite þe sonys of Belyal [L. filii Belial].
c1405 (c1380) G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 62 Thogh that I vnworthy sone of Eue Be synful.
?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 268 (MED) Þer-fore seiþ austyn..þat þou art his soone whoos werkis þou dost.
1508 W. Dunbar Ballade Barnard Stewart in Poems (1998) I. 177 Welcum, the soun of Mars of moste curage.
1568 (a1508) W. Kennedy Flyting (Bannatyne) in Poems W. Dunbar (1998) I. 208 Dathane, deiuillis sone and dragone dispitous.
1594 T. Kyd tr. R. Garnier Cornelia iv. sig. G3 Braue Romaine Souldiers, sterne-borne sons of Mars.
1672 J. Dryden Def. Epilogue in Conquest Granada 173 They can tell a story of Ben Jonson, and perhaps have had fancy enough to give a supper in the Apollo that they might be call'd his Sons.
1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Son of Apollo, a Scholar... [Son of] Venus, a Lover of Women. [Son of] Mercury, a Wit.
1732 H. Fielding Old Debauchees ii. vi. 22 Thou art the Devil's Son; for he is the Father of Lyars.
?a1786 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 196 I am a Son of Mars who have been in many wars.
1816 Courier 2 Jan. I must not omit mentioning another person so deservedly the favourite of all the sons of Apollo.
1867 Galaxy Feb. 251 ‘He-yah!’ responded a sable son of Mars on the left flank.
1897 Music Aug. 425 That musical son of Franz Liszt, Camille Saint Saens.
1935–6 Ann. Bhandarkar Oriental Res. Inst. 17 357 Our only misfortune is that the names of those gifted sons of the Muse..should have been so easily consigned to oblivion.
2012 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 20 Dec. 58/3 These Sons of Neptune, as the angry seamen, dockworkers, carters, sailmakers, and others in the seaports often called themselves.
6. With of or possessive.
a. A man viewed in relation to something which defines, shapes, or influences him; a man regarded as the product of a particular event, circumstance, or influence.See also son of toil at Phrases 1h.In quot. a1425: those who will be saved at the Day of Judgement.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > [noun] > a characteristic > one who is characterized by a quality
sonOE
daughterOE
OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Luke x. 6 Si ibi fuerit filius pacis, requiescit super illam pax uestra : gif ðer sie sunu sibbes wunað ofer hia sibb iuera.
c1175 ( Ælfric Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 65 He is..unrihtwisnesse sunu, ðe þe unrihtlice leofæð. Eft he bið wracane sunæ þe ðe wracæ iearnæð, & he bið helle sunu, þe ðe helle ȝeearnæð.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Heb. x. 39 We ben not the sones of withdrawynge awei into perdicioun, but of feith into the getyng of soule.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) §239 Forther ouer it maketh hym þt whilom was sone of Ire to be sone of grace.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) §261 Therfore be we alle yborn sones of wraththe & of dampnacioun perdurable.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Rom. ix. 8 Thei that ben sones [L. filii] of biheeste ben demed in the seed.
1581 A. Anderson Shield of Safetie Ep. Ded. sig. A.iijv Shee woulde not admyt such the seates of Iustice for peace, which are sonnes of Warre to Gods Church.
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 ii. v. 172 They are villains, and the sonnes of darknesse. View more context for this quotation
a1625 J. Fletcher Valentinian v. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Ccccccc4/1 Easie, sweet,..thou son of night, Passe by his troubled senses.
1648 W. Prynne Plea for Lords 5 They are the Sonnes of Conquest introduced by the Conquerour.
1700 T. Brown Amusem. Serious & Comical iv. 42 Certain Sons of Parchment, call'd Sollicitors and Barristers.
1719 in T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth III. 337 What washy Rogues are here, Are these the Sons of Beef and English Beer?
1749 S. Johnson Vanity Human Wishes 20 The fierce Croatian, and the wild Hussar, And all the Sons of Ravage croud the War.
1803 Visct. Strangford in tr. L. V. de Camoens Poems 121 Locks of auburn and eyes of blue have ever been dear to the sons of song.
1824 Mathews in Amer. 27 Poverty's sons fly to sweet Ireland's Isle.
1922 L. Untermeyer in Poetry Mar. 320 Was I not once the son of Revolution?
2014 C. J. Oja in M. Brody Music & Musical Composition at Amer. Acad. in Rome v. 196 No son of privilege, he was well aware of the exceptional prospects that suddenly opened up for him.
b. A man regarded as the product or offspring of a particular country, place, or environment; (in plural) a group of people (without necessarily referring to gender) regarded in this way.son of the soil: see soil n.1 5b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > nations > native people > [noun] > person
sonOE
landsmanc1000
natural1509
native1535
homeling1577
indigena1591
originary1594
home-born1600
birth child1609
inbred1625
naturalist1631
autochthon1646
naturalizanta1652
breedling1663
indigene1664
indigenal1722
child (son, etc.) of the soil1814
native-born1814
OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. viii. 12 Filii autem regni eicientur in tenebras exteriores : suna uutedlice rices biðon gedrifen in ðyostrum wytmesto.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Jer. xlix. 28 Riseth, and..wasteth the sonus of the est [L. filios orientis].
a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1537) f. 23 There haue bene dyuers sonnes of Rome, whiche beinge in strange countreys, haue done greatte proufyte to the common welthe.
1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints sig. M As we bee sonnes of the world so wide.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) v. ii. 25 We, the sonnes and children of this Isle. View more context for this quotation
1673 J. Milton At Vacation Exercise in Poems (new ed.) 68 Whether thou be the Son, Of utmost Tweed, or Oose, or gulphie Dun.
1746 P. Francis tr. Horace in P. Francis & W. Dunkin tr. Horace Epistles i. i. 13 Ye Sons of Rome, let Money first be sought.
1764 O. Goldsmith Traveller 7 Could Nature's bounty satisfy the breast, The sons of Italy were surely blest.
1806 P. Gass Jrnl. 3 July (1807) 235 These good hearted, hospitable and obliging sons of the west.
1843 G. Borrow Bible in Spain III. iv. 59 They have taught him their language, which he already speaks as well as if he were a son of the prison.
1884 H. H. M. Herbert in C. Dunkey Official Rep. Church Congr. at Carlisle 560 England's sons have conquered, civilised, socialised, and Christianised many peoples.
1933 Monroe (Louisiana) News-Star 9 Feb. 2/3 High upon the box sat a majestic son of Africa.
1964 Virginia Mag. Hist. & Biogr. 72 373 No one will challenge his inclusion in the list of distinguished sons of the college.
2003 New Statesman 7 Apr. 52/3 America's gun-slinger-in-chief is a true son of the lone Star state.
c. North American. With capital initial. In plural, in the names of various patriotic, political, or historical societies, as Sons of Temperance, Sons of Freedom, etc. Also in singular, as e.g. Son of Liberty: a member of the specified society. Also without of, with the society identified by the context. Cf. daughter n. Phrases 4. Sons of the American Revolution: a patriotic society, founded in 1889, composed of male descendants of those who aided the cause of American independence and whose aims include encouraging the study and preservation of U.S. history; abbreviated SAR. Sons of Liberty: any of various groups supporting the American cause prior to and during the American War of Independence (1775–83); now historical.
ΚΠ
1765 Let. 16 Dec. in Public Advertiser (1766) 8 Feb. Your Non-Compliance, Sir, will incur the Displeasure of The True-born Sons of Liberty.
1770 J. Adams Diary 1 July (1961) I. 356 Came home, and took a Pipe after Supper with Landlord who is a staunch, zealous Son of Liberty.
1846 Knickerbocker Mag. 28 145 The Sons of Temperance.
1866 A. D. Richardson Secret Service xxxix. 429 A secret organisation known as the Sons of America, instituted expressly to assist Union men.
1867 W. H. Dixon New Amer. I. ii. 21 A meeting of Sons of the South.
1889 Washington Post 5 July 6 The Society of the Sons of the American Revolution sent an invitation for such of the Oldest Inhabitants as were eligible to join them.
1935 E. B. Buckbee Saga Old Tuolumne 96 The town supported..a division of the Sons of Temperance and a choral society.
1936 Middletown (N.Y.) Times Herald 16 May 14/8 Just because Alec wasn't a Son of the Revolution, or something he was ixnay.
1947 Life 17 Nov. 132/2 It [sc. the Daughters of the American Revolution] was founded in 1890, after a journalistic bugle call..by a Mrs. Mary S. Lockwood who deplored the ‘one-sided patriotism’ of the newly organized Sons of the American Revolution in refusing admission to females. This article so abashed Mr. William McDowell, a prominent Son,..that he urged any women interested in founding their own society to get in touch with him.
1968 E. A. McCourt Saskatchewan x. 123 The Sons of Freedom are now concentrated mainly in British Columbia.
2014 J. M. Bell Black Power Movement & Amer. Social Work vi. 123 The Sons of Watts, an organization of young men from the community who were involved in the rebellion.
7. A member of a monastic order or religious body, esp. within the Christian Church; (also) a follower of the founder of a monastic order or other religious community. Cf. father n. 7b.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > monasticism > monk > [noun]
monkeOE
brotherOE
claustermanc1175
man (woman, etc.) of religiona1200
cloister-monkc1325
friarc1330
son1416
religion manc1475
pater1481
abbey man1483
scapularc1540
monach?c1550
cloister-man1581
monastic1632
cowlist1637
religieux?a1649
religioso1708
saint1888
1416 in C. Innes Liber Sancte Marie de Melros (1837) 539 Alle þe Sonnys of oure hali modir þe kirk.
c1460 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Oseney Abbey (1907) 88 (MED) To all þe soones of owr holy modur þe church to see or to hyre this present letters, [etc.].
1529 J. Frith Pistle Christen Reader sig. I.iv If thou obey the Popes commaundmentes, thow arte..an obedient and faithfull sonne of the chirche.
1590 in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1908) 5 189 To be ruled by you as an obedient son of the Society.
1630 H. Yaxlee Morbus & Antidotus To Christian Rdr. sig. A2v The obedient sonne of my deare Mother the true Church of England.
1695 J. Edwards Disc. conc. Old & New-Test. III. xiv. 589 A Learned and Pious Son of our Mother.
1757 in J. Morris Troubles Catholic Forefathers (1872) (modernized text) 1st Ser. i. iv. 206 A son of Ignatius, a Priest of the Society of Jesus.
1794 T. Holcroft Adventures Hugh Trevor II. xi. 135 The bishop would soon be down, and the Dean of ——, another rosy gilled son of the church.
1851 A. W. Pugin Treat. Chancel Screens 83 More than a hundred sons of S. Benedict had kept the rule together in older and better times.
1889 Irish Monthly 17 532 The Abbé Hogan..had long been a distinguished son of St. Sulpice at Paris.
1937 V. McNabb God's Way of Mercy xii. 103 A son of St. Dominic can never forget the prayer of his spiritual Father.
2012 H. J. Hillerbrand New Hist. Christianity iv. 238 John Wesley saw himself as a loyal son of the Church of England.
†8. At Cambridge University: a male student in relation to his father (father n. 10). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > learner > college or university student > [noun] > types at specific universities
son?c1550
Bibler1569
round cap1572
batteler1604
fellow commoner1614
gentleman-commoner1614
primar1642
Bible-clerk1650
Harry-Sopha1661
hodman1677
nobleman1682
seconder1684
grueller1691
ternar1698
tuft1755
red gowna1774
ten-year-man1816
prick-bill1818
bear1828
martinet1831
sheep1865
trotter1883
skiver1884
hall-reader1886
sign-off1902
night climber1937
techie1969
society > education > educational administration > university administration > taking degree or graduation > [noun] > graduand
son?c1550
determiner1574
proceeder1581
determining bachelor1649
commencer1655
determinant1864
graduand1882
doctorand1898
?c1550 Stokys's Bk. in G. Peacock Observ. Statutes Univ. Cambr. (1841) App. p. x The Father..shall call fourthe his eldest sone, & animate hym to dispute with an old Bachilour.
1633 P. Fletcher Poeticall Misc. 63 (heading) in Purple Island To E. C. in Cambridge, my sonne by the University.
1665 in C. Wordsworth Social Life at Eng. Univ. in Eighteenth Cent. (1874) 253 Then the Father calleth up the Answerer, and showeth him his sons.
1762 J. Woodforde Diary 2 Mar. in Woodforde at Oxf. (1969) 75 We went up into the School of Languages..where I answer'd under —— Batchelor, Mr. Adams being so good as to oppose me, Oglander Senr. was my Father, and I was his Son.
9. In traditional Chinese medicine, esp. acupuncture: an organ of the body regarded as one which receives nourishment, energy, etc., from the preceding organ in the five element cycle (see element n. Additions). Cf. mother n.1 15, mother–son adj. 2.
ΚΠ
1736 R. Brookes tr. J.-B. Du Halde et al. Gen. Hist. China III. 370 The Heart is the Son of the Liver, which has the Kidneys for its Mother.
1863 Home & Foreign Rev. July 251 The heart is said to have the liver for a mother, and the stomach for a son.
1962 F. Mann Acupuncture vi. 69 As the Qi..flows through the meridians in a certain order, the preceding organ (the ‘mother’) receives the energy first and gives it on to that which follows (the ‘son’).
1986 A. Dalcher tr. Y. Requena Terrains & Pathol. Acupuncture I. 226 The bone demineralization is typically due to a kidney imbalance, showing that the illness has passed from the son to the mother.
2016 C. S. Suh Acupuncture Anat. ii. 10/2 The liver (wood) as a mother is deficient because the heart (fire) as a son is in excess.
10. Computing. The most recent, or most frequently updated, backup of some data. Also more fully son file. Cf. father n. 9b, grandfather n. 6.
ΘΚΠ
society > computing and information technology > hardware > secondary storage > [noun] > magnetic > tape drive > generations of tape
father1961
grandfather1961
son1961
1961 L. W. Hein Introd. Electronic Data Processing ix. 168 The father is the input of the current run, of which the son is the output.
1970 O. Dopping Computers & Data Processing xvi. 265 The new master tape (‘son’) is retained till the next updating run in which it serves as the old master tape (‘father’).
1985 Eng. Today July–Sept. 13/3 There is also an increasing number of attractive even humorous terms in computing... A grandfather file, father file, and son file are a series of updated files.
2006 S. O'Byrne Information & Communication Technol.: Revision Guide 53 This will be wiped tomorrow and replaced by a new son file.

Phrases

P1. Noun phrases.
a. son of man (also †man's son). [After post-classical Latin filius hominis human being, title or name used by Jesus of himself (both in the Vulgate), and (in later use also) its respective models Hebrew ben ’āḏām human being, lit. ‘son of man’ (see son of Adam at Phrases 1c) and Hellenistic Greek ὁ υἱὸς τοὺ ἀνθρώπου title or name used by Jesus of himself, lit. ‘the son of (the) man’ (New Testament).
It is unclear whether the Old and New Testament uses are related, although it is possible that both ultimately reflect the same Aramaic expression (compare Galilean Aramaic bar enosh , which has been argued to have been a circumlocution for the first person singular pronoun).
With use with reference to Jesus (see Phrases 1a(b)) perhaps compare Son of God at Phrases 1b.]
(a) A male human being; (also) a mortal. Also in plural as sons of men. Now rare (poetic or archaic in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > [noun]
hadc900
lifesmaneOE
maneOE
world-maneOE
ghostOE
wyeOE
lifeOE
son of manOE
wightc1175
soulc1180
earthmanc1225
foodc1225
person?c1225
creaturec1300
bodyc1325
beera1382
poppetc1390
flippera1400
wat1399
corsec1400
mortal?a1425
deadly?c1450
hec1450
personagec1485
wretcha1500
human1509
mundane1509
member1525
worma1556
homo1561
piece of flesh1567
sconce1567
squirrel?1567
fellow creature1572
Adamite1581
bloat herringa1586
earthling1593
mother's child1594
stuff1598
a piece of flesh1600
wagtail1607
bosom1608
fragment1609
boots1623
tick1631
worthy1649
earthlies1651
snap1653
pippin1665
being1666
personal1678
personality1678
sooterkin1680
party1686
worldling1687
human being1694
water-wagtail1694
noddle1705
human subject1712
piece of work1713
somebody1724
terrestrial1726
anybody1733
individual1742
character1773
cuss1775
jig1781
thingy1787
bod1788
curse1790
his nabs1790
article1796
Earthite1814
critter1815
potato1815
personeityc1816
nibs1821
somebody1826
tellurian1828
case1832
tangata1840
prawn1845
nigger1848
nut1856
Snooks1860
mug1865
outfit1867
to deliver the goods1870
hairpin1879
baby1880
possum1894
hot tamale1895
babe1900
jobbie1902
virile1903
cup of tea1908
skin1914
pisser1918
number1919
job1927
apple1928
mush1936
face1944
jong1956
naked ape1965
oke1970
punter1975
OE Paris Psalter (1932) lxxix. 16 Si þin seo swiðre hand ofer soðne wer and ofer mannes sunu [L. super filium hominis].
lOE Salisbury Psalter xlviii. 3 Quique terrigęne et filii hominum : & ge eorðware & sunu manna.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. li. 12 Who [art] thou, that thou drede of a deadly man, and of the sone of man [L. filio hominis].
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Mark iii. 28 Alle synnes and blasphemyes, by whiche thei han blasfemed, shulen be forȝouen to the sones of men [L. filiis hominum].
a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) iv. 3 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 133 Mennes sones, towhen ofe herte vnmeke?
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 1673 (MED) Þou, remued fro monnes sunes, on mor most abide And in wasturne walk, and wyth þe wylde dowelle.
1562 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 14 Thow sone of man, the house of Israell is turnit into drosse.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. x. sig. X5 Of stature huge, and eke of corage bold, That sonnes of men amazd their sternesse to behold.
c1639 W. Mure Psalmes cxlvi. 3 in Wks. (1898) II. 226 Trust not in princes, in the sone Of man who can not save.
1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd i. 237 The Eternal King, who rules All Heaven and Earth, Angels and Sons of men . View more context for this quotation
1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity i, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 397 Ye Sons of Men, with just Regard attend.
1761 W. Shirley Twelve Serm. v. 85 A spiritual seed of light, sown in the soul of every son of man.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. i. xii. 88 Deciduous Forests that die and are born again, continually, like the sons of men.
1894 A. Conan Doyle Round Red Lamp 216 Of all evils that may come upon the sons of men, God shield us principally from that one!
a1963 T. Roethke Coll. Poems (1975) 17 The bitter rock, the barren soil That force the son of man to toil.
1999 S. Heaney tr. Beowulf (2000) 45 The mere-bottom has never been sounded by the sons of men [OE gumena bearna].
(b) In later use often with capital initials. (A title or name for) Jesus.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > the Trinity > the Son or Christ > [noun]
soneOE
godOE
son of manOE
Abraham's seedOE
King of kingsOE
Christ almightyOE
ChristOE
JesusOE
lordOE
Our LordOE
Jesus Christc1175
Christ Jesusc1330
second personc1380
holiesta1400
Son of Goda1425
Man of Sorrows1577
OE Vercelli Homilies (1992) i. 22 Ge geseoð mannes sunu sittendne on þa swiðran healfe Godfæder in heofonwolcnum.
OE Ælfric Homily (Cambr. Ii.4.6) in J. C. Pope Homilies of Ælfric (1967) I. 481 And nan mann ne astihþ nateshwon to heofenum, buton se ðe of heofonum hider nyðer astah, þæt is mannes Sunu [c1175 Bodl. 343 Monnes Sune], se ðe is on heofonum.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 16707 All swa bihofeþþ fuliwiss. Þe manness sune onn erþe. To wurrþenn hofenn upp mang menn.
a1300 Passion our Lord 172 in R. Morris Old Eng. Misc. (1872) 42 Monnes sune biþ bi-tauht in sunuulle honde.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. viii. 20 But mannes sone [L. filius..hominis] hath nat wher he reste his heued.
?c1430 (c1383) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 21 (MED) Eche who euere knowlechiþ me bi-for men, and mannus sone schal knowleche hym bi-fore þe angelis of god.
?1549 J. Hooper Declar. 10 Commandm. vii. 112 The clertye and brightnis of the Sone of man cumming to iudgment.
1575 G. Gascoigne Good Morrow in Posies sig. b.iiij The sunne [is like] the Sonne of man.
1611 Bible (King James) Matt. xiii. 41 The Sonne of man shall send forth his Angels, and they shall gather out of his kingdome all things that offend, and them which doe iniquitie. View more context for this quotation
1675 R. Burthogge Cavsa Dei 19 But it must be minded that though the Son of Man shall Judge the World, yet that he shall come to do so..in the Glory of his Father.
1701 S. Wesley Hist. New Test. (Matt. xxv. 31-33) l. 100 The Son of Man with all his Glory crown'd.
1772 A. M. Toplady Clerical Subscription No Grievance 23 The Son of Man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister.
1865 J. Ruskin Sesame & Lilies ii. 196 Shall the stones cry out against you, that they are the only pillows where the Son of Man can lay His head?
1891 F. W. Farrar Darkness & Dawn II. lv. 215 With hushed voices..they spoke of the Days of the Son of Man.
1913 Crucifixion (song) in N. C. Smith Favorite Folk-melodies 10 They crucified the Son of man! An' He never said a mumble-in' word.
1939 D. Thomas World I Breathe 161 The world is ripe for the second coming of the son of man, he said aloud.
2010 Tablet 27 Mar. 23/3 The Son of Man goes through the lowest depth of human need.
b. Son of God (also †God's son). [After post-classical Latin filius Dei, lit. ‘son of God’, used as a name or title for Jesus (used by others; compare quots. OE1, c1384 at Phrases 1b(a)), also used to denote a believer in the Christian God and (in the book of Job) an angel (all in the Vulgate) and (in later use also) its respective models Hellenistic Greek ὁ ὑιὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ, lit. ‘the son of (the) God’ (also occasionally ὑιὸς Θεοῦ, lit. ‘son of God’), a name or title for Jesus, denoting a believer in the Christian God (both New Testament; in the latter sense also τέκνον Θεοῦ , lit. ‘child of God’), and Hebrew ben ’ĕlōhīm, denoting an angel, lit. ‘son of God’ (Old Testament and Hebrew Scriptures: Job).
Compare Child of God at child n. 13.]
(a) (A title or name for) Jesus.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > the Trinity > the Son or Christ > [noun]
soneOE
godOE
son of manOE
Abraham's seedOE
King of kingsOE
Christ almightyOE
ChristOE
JesusOE
lordOE
Our LordOE
Jesus Christc1175
Christ Jesusc1330
second personc1380
holiesta1400
Son of Goda1425
Man of Sorrows1577
OE West Saxon Gospels: Mark (Corpus Cambr.) iii. 11 Hi..þus cweðende clypedon, þu eart Godes sunu [L. Filius Dei], & he him swyðe forbead, þæt hi hine ne geswutelodon.
OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) i. vii. 51 Seo soðfæstnyss is Godes sunu, se cwæð on his godspelle: ‘nu gyt min fæder wyrceð, & ic eac wyrce’.
c1175 ( Ælfric Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 73 Þu ilefest on Godes Sunu?
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 267 Till þatt godess sune crist. Himm shollde onn eorþe shæwenn.
a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 27 (MED) Ic am Crist, godes liuiendes sune.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 403 And get sal godes dere sune In gure kin in werlde wunen.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds viii. 37 I bileue the sone of God [L. filium Dei] for to be Jhesu.
a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 5044 In..archaungel steven, And in þe son of Goddes awen beme.
a1425 Rule St. Benet (Lansd.) (1902) 12 Als ta-postil saide of godis sune.
1568 To Seconde Parsone in J. Skelton Pithy Pleasaunt & Profitable Wks. sig. Iviiv O Benigne Jesu..The only sonne of God, by filiacion.
1588 T. Kyd tr. T. Tasso Housholders Philos. f. 7v For our worlde was dignified with the presence of the true Sonne of God.
1611 Bible (King James) Heb. vi. 6 They crucifie to themselues the Sonne of God [Gk. τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ] afresh, and put him to an open shame. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iii. 138 Beyond compare the Son of God was seen Most glorious. View more context for this quotation
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Son The Son of God Created the World; the Son of God was Incarnate.
1790 T. Burgess Divinity of Christ Notes 41 The appellation of the Son of God..implies coessentiality with God.
1842 P. R. Russell Series Lett. to Universalist x. 37 In the sacrificial death of the Son of God..provisions are made for all men.
1884 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. 815/2 The ideas..are applied to Christ, and united to the doctrine of his generation as the Son of God before the world was made.
1923 Times 17 Sept. 17/2 The claim to the sanctification of all human life by the Incarnation of the Son of God.
2012 Brit. Art Jrnl. Winter 119/2 The picture announces the real presence of the Son of God in contemporary Britain.
(b) A person who believes in the Christian God or who adheres to Christian teaching.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > [noun] > person > spiritually attached to God
Son of GodOE
OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: John i. 12 Dedit illis potestatem filios dei fieri, his qui credunt in nomine eius : gesalde ðæm mæht suno godes wosa uel þæt hia uero ðæm ðaðe gelefað in noma his.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Rom. viii. 14 Sothli who euere ben lad by the spirit of God, thes ben the sones of God [L. filii..Dei].
c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 26 (MED) Thay ar happen also þat halden her pese, For þay þe gracious Godes sunes schal godly be called.
a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Gloucester) (1971) 773 The iij..are iij maner men..By þe fyrste..we schall vndyrstonde þe Iwes..by þe iij..goddes chosyn sones.
1570 A. Golding tr. D. Chytræus Postil 126 Chryste the sonne of God would become the sonne of man, that he myght make vs the sonnes of God.
1653 J. Caryl Expos. 18th–21st Chaps. Job xxvi. 372 That priviledge is assured to the sons of God (1 Joh. 3. 2) We shall see him as he is.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 622 That sober Race of Men, whose lives Religious titl'd them the Sons of God . View more context for this quotation
1755 tr. N. L. von Zinzendorf Expos. 26 Every Christian is a Son of God.
1796 Evangelical Mag. 4 326 This present evil world is a wilderness and vale of tears to all the sons of God.
1831 Morning Watch Sept. 135 God sent the Holy Ghost to raise up again to his favour from among the children of men, sons of God.
1895 J. Watson in Expositor 1 27 If a publican was a son of God, what advantage had a Pharisee?
1918 K. Kohler Jewish Theol. xl. 258 Obviously only righteousness or personal merit entitles a man to be called a son of God.
2007 Times Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) (Nexis) 24 Dec. (Comment section) a10 I, too, could become a son of God if I could believe in Him.
(c) An angel; a divine being. Somewhat rare after 18th cent.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > angel > [noun]
ghosteOE
angelOE
Son of Goda1382
saint1382
angel (also spirit) of lightc1384
watcher1535
watchman1552
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Job xxxviii. 7 Who dide doun the corner ston of it, whan..alle the sones of God [L. filii Dei] shulden ioȝen?
1560 Bible (Geneva) Job i. 6 (margin) Meaning, the Angels which are called the sonnes of God.
1599 J. Davies Nosce Teipsum 30 The Angels, sonnes of God are nam'd.
1643 J. Caryl Expos. 1st–3rd Chaps. Job i. 80 The Angells..are the sonnes of God by temporall Creation.
1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd i. 368 I came among the Sons of God, when he Gave up into my hands Uzzean Job. View more context for this quotation
1785 W. Cowper Task v. 223 Ev'ry star, in haste To gratulate the new-created earth, Sent forth a voice, and all the sons of God Shouted for joy.
1796 C. Garden Improved Version Bk. Job 80 The same host of Heaven, called here the Sons of God, presenting themselves before Jehovah.
1858 Southern Spectator Aug. 22 The joy of the redeemed, shall be..more melting and more refined than can be experienced by the unfallen sons of God.
1974 Jrnl. Biblical Lit. 93 363 God consents to the wager proposed by Satan, one of the sons of God.
2012 D. Elliott Bride of Christ goes to Hell 283 The original sons of God (i.e., fallen angels).
c. son of Adam (also Adam's son): a man or boy, esp. one who is weak-willed, fallible, or susceptible to temptation (with reference to Adam's part in the biblical story of the Fall of Man). Cf. daughter of Eve n. at daughter n. Phrases 1. Now somewhat rare or archaic. [After post-classical Latin filius Adam (Vulgate), itself after Hebrew ben ’āḏām son of Adam, son of man, human being (Old Testament; also with definite article ben hā’āḏām).]
ΚΠ
OE Stowe Psalter: Canticles & Hymns vi. 8 Quando diuidebat altissimus gentes, quando separabat filios adam : hwænne todælde se hihsta ðeoda hwænne he todælde sunu adames.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Eccles. iii. 21 Who kneȝ, if the spirit of the sonus of Adam [L. filiorum Adam] steȝe vp aboue, and if the spirit of bestis go doun bynethe?
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Ecclus. xl. 1 Gret ocupacioun is shapen to alle men and a greuous ȝoc vp on þe sones of adam [L. filios Adam].
a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Comm. on Canticles (Univ. Oxf. 64) in Psalter (1884) 514 Quando separabat filios adam..when he [sc. God] twynnyd sunnys of adam..was when men bigan to won in all the partis of the erth.
?1506 M. Beaufort tr. J. de Gruytrode Mirroure of Golde (Pynson) sig. B.ii The cursed sonnes of Adam leauith the true and helthfull studies & demaundeth thingis passinge & transitorye.
?1570 T. Drant Two Serm. sig. Iv Alas, Alas, euery sonne of Adam, is but to much miserable.
1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing ii. i. 57 Adams sonnes are my brethren. View more context for this quotation
1645 J. Caryl Expos. 15th–17th Chaps. Job 497 Wee doe but shew what we are, and whence we are, when we sin, even a company of men, the Sons of Adam.
1746 J. Hervey Medit. among Tombs 73 That fatal Javelin..finds its Way to the Hearts of all the Sons of Adam.
1779 A. Bicknell Prince Arthur II. 230 May every erring son of Adam..disengage himself from the wiles of error.
1840 G. Comb Let. 12 Feb. in Pastoral Remains 1841 The want of righteousness and uprightness in the fallen sons of Adam.
1857 C. Dickens Little Dorrit ii. xxii. 417 The multiplicity of paths in the labyrinth trodden by the sons of Adam.
1950 C. S. Lewis Lion, Witch & Wardrobe ii. 16 ‘Of course I'm human,’ said Lucy, still a little puzzled. ‘To be sure, to be sure,’ said the Faun. ‘How stupid of me! But I've never seen a Son of Adam or a Daughter of Eve before.’
1960 J. S. Whale Victor & Victim ii. 30 That permanent contradiction between the man's essence and his experience, which is the inescapable predicament of the sons of Adam.
1982 M. K. Naik Perspectives on Indian Prose in Eng. iv. 51 He charmed millions and was considered one of the sweetest and gentlest sons of Adam.
d. son and heir: the eldest son and therefore the person who is entitled to inherit the property, title, etc., of his parents according to the rules of primogeniture (primogeniture n. 2). [Compare Middle Low German sȫnerve, sȫneerve the son as heir, lit. ‘son-heir’.] In quot. ?a1439 in extended use; cf. sense 5c.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > son > [noun]
sonOE
son and heir?a1400
sonkin1542
little boy1553
society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > right to succeed to title, position, or estate > succession > [noun] > descent by inheritance > heir > male child who is heir of parents
son and heir?a1400
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 9607 In is warde he let do Henri is eldoste sone & is eir al so.]
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. 70 Sorow & site he made..for his sonne & heyre.
a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. l. 2186 Off Phebus..Poetis write that he was sone and heir.
a1525 ( Coventry Leet Bk. (1908) II. 475 The son & heir of hym that nowe pretendeth to be kyng.
1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 33 Quhome God ressaifis to his sone and air, Him will he scurge.
1576 in G. P. McNeill Exchequer Rolls Scotl. (1899) XX. 372 Jhone Dromond,..quhe is schon and air to his fader Jhone Dromond.
1604 T. Dekker & T. Middleton Honest Whore i. v. 26 As cleane as your sonnes and heires when they ha spent all.
1650 Briefe Descr. Two Revolted Nations 4 Wee have most barbarously Butchered our King at his owne Gate; and banisht his Son and Heire, our King that ought to be, out of all his Dominions.
1720 C. Nary New Hist. World i. v. 43 Faithful Abraham having thus happily settled his Son and Heir, and finding that he had as yet some Years to Live, he took another Wife.
1752 T. Birch Life John Tillotson sig. B2 His son and heir Thomas Tilston married Elizabeth daughter and heiress of Hugh Heath of Huxley.
1832 Ld. Tennyson Death of Old Year in Poems (new ed.) 156 To see him die..His son and heir doth ride posthaste.
1889 Daily Independent (Monroe, Wisconsin) 31 July Not a syllable about being received once more as my son and heir.
1913 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 22 Feb. 9/3 The only son and heir of the great stock operator, whose home was a hotel and whose life was in Wall Street!
1954 R. Coupland Welsh & Sc. Nationalism iii. 78 Mary, now five years old, was promised..to the son and heir of Henry II of France.
2004 Times (Nexis) 26 Aug. (Home section) 5 Her unwillingness to concede that her devoted son and heir can be trouble.
†e. son before the father and variants: (originally) any of various plants, esp. ones in which the flowers appear before the leaves or which send out long flowering side-branches; (in later use) spec. common coltsfoot, Tussilago farfara. Obsolete. [After post-classical Latin filius ante patrem (1507 or earlier).] Other plants for which this name was used include species of autumn crocus, willowherb, and cudweed.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > names applied to various plants > [noun]
heatha700
beeworteOE
leversc725
springworteOE
clotec1000
halswortc1000
sengreenc1000
bottle?a1200
bird's-tonguea1300
bloodworta1300
faverolea1300
vetchc1300
pimpernel1378
oniona1398
bird's nest?a1425
adder's grassc1450
cockheada1500
ambrosia1525
fleawort1548
son before the father1552
crow-toe1562
basil1578
bird's-foot1578
bloodroot1578
throatwort1578
phalangium1608
yew1653
chalcedon1664
dittany1676
bleeding heart1691
felon-wort1706
hedgehog1712
land caltrops1727
old man's beard1731
loosestrife1760
Solomon's seal1760
fireweed1764
desert rose1792
star of Bethlehem1793
hen and chickens1794
Aaron's beard1820
felon-grass1824
arrowroot1835
snake-root1856
firebush1858
tick-seed1860
bird's eye1863
burning bush1866
rat-tail1871
lamb's earsa1876
lamb's tongue plant1882
tar-weed1884
Tom Thumb1886
parrotbeak1890
stinkweed1932
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Sonne before the father, a herbe so called by Pandecta, because it flowreth twyse, and the last flowres bene lenger then the fyrste, the leaues be lyke rosemary: but broder.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. li. 73 (caption) Lysimachium purpureum primum. The first purple red, willow herbe, or Lysimachium, also the Sonne before the Father.
1615 tr. C. van de Passe Garden of Flowers iii. sig. F/1 Doggsbane, or purple medow Saffron, or the sonne before the father.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 65/1 The Son before the Father, so called of some Herbalists, because the flowers come up before the leaves... Some term these Meadow Saffron flowers.
1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Son-afore-the-father, Common Coltsfoot.
1888 Amer. Naturalist 22 801 The name given to a certain garden weed, coltsfoot, whose flower appears before the leaves, hence called ‘the son before the father’.
f. son of a ——: with various abusive or humorous final elements, forming terms of abuse or contempt (probably sometimes as a euphemistic alternative to stronger terms such as son of a bitch or son of a whore).Recorded earliest in son of a whore n. and adj. at whore n. Phrases 2. See also son of a bachelor n. at bachelor n. Additions, son of a bitch n. and int., son of a gun at gun n. 6d, son of a sea-cook at sea n. Compounds 6a.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > hatred > object of detestation (person or thing) > [noun] > loathsome or unpleasant person
hateful1510
son of a ——?1576
son of a bitch1655
nuisance1661
obnoxity1851
oik1917
knob1920
putz1928
swipe1929
jack-off?1939
jagoff?1939
sumbitch1944
jerko1949
sonofa1950
bloody1960
weeny1964
dick1966
gross-out1966
wank1970
poison ivy1976
jerkwad1980
dickwad1983
dickweed1984
jerkweed1988
knob jockey1989
wankstain1990
ball sack1991
bawbag1999
dicksack1999
?1576 A. Hall Let. touchyng Priuate Quarell sig. H.iij The Spaniarde hightes him the sonne of a whore, a Bougger, a Marano, the most odious name wt that nation, & as many more, as eyther Ruffian or Rogue can deuise.
1577 R. Smythe tr. M. Bandello Straunge, Lamentable, & Tragicall Hystories sig. I.iv Ah Villayne, sonne of a Villayne, art thou yet liuing?
1618 S. Daniel Coll. Hist. Eng. 35 Louis, the Kings eldest sonne..called him the sonne of a Bastard, and threw the Chesse in his face.
1676 T. Shadwell Libertine ii. 23 'Sdeath, you Son of a Baboon.
1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle II. lxxi. 267 Ahey!..are you there, you herring-fac'd son of a sea-calf?
1864 Dublin Univ. Mag. Apr. 427/1 ‘Where am I to get them, you son of a short-horned bull,’ said the perplexed king.
1898 R. Kipling Day's Work 79 You..saw-backed, shark-mouthed..son of a bronco.
1951 M. Walsh Son of Tinker 23 Face it, you son of a tinker—face it!
2015 S. Sharkey Sex & Three Day Week ii. 37 Creevey, you son of a pig.
g. Son of Heaven (also †Heaven's Son): the Emperor of China. Now historical. [Ultimately after Chinese tiānzǐ (already in Old Chinese; compare tiān sky, heaven (see tian n.1) and zǐ child, son), initially via other European languages.]
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Asia > the Chinese > [noun] > native or inhabitant of China
Cathayan?1520
Chinean1577
Son of Heaven1579
Chino1588
chinois1594
Chinese1606
Chinesianc1615
Chinaman1621
China1638
Chinist1654
Chinensian1655
pigtail1823
celestial1842
Johnny1844
coolie1849
John1853
Chinky1871
chow1872
Chink1880
monk1903
Pong1910
power point1986
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > emperor > [noun] > other emperors
the Great (also Grand) Mogul1577
Son of Heaven1579
Inca1594
padishah1612
Pret1635
miramamolin1655
1579 J. Frampton tr. B. de Escalante Disc. Nauigation f. 33 You may vnderstande the veneration that they [sc. the Chinese] giue to their prince. And they giue him title of the Lorde of the worlde, and the Sonne of heauen [Sp. hijo del Cielo].
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage IV. xvi. 369 The Kings Title is, Lord of the world, and Sonne of Heaven.
1655 tr. A. Semedo Hist. China i. xxii. 109 They call him also Thien Zu, which is to say, Sonne of Heaven [It. figliuolo del Cielo]; not because they believe him to be such, but because they hold, that Empire is a gift of heaven.
1727 T. Salmon Mod. Hist. (new Dublin ed.) I. vii. 30 The emperor is stil'd holy son of heaven, sole governor of the earth, great father of his people, &c.
1838 K. Gützlaff & A. Reed China Opened II. xxvii. 541 To gain such honours as the Mongol princes pay to Heaven's Son, requires a well-stored treasury.
1850 North-China Herald 9 Nov. 58/4 One of the common appellations of the Emperors of China has been and still is T'ien Tsze, ‘the Son of Heaven!’
1923 S. Merwin Silk (1924) 136 It is now my privilege to serve him who is in all but official style the Son of Heaven.
1973 J. Leasor Mandarin Gold i. 1 The Emperor, Tao Kuang, the Son of Heaven, who ruled his celestial empire from..Peking.
2014 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 23 Oct. 8/3 Such ambassadors were allowed to come to Beijing.., proffer their ritual gifts to the Son of Heaven as ‘tribute’, and then quickly leave.
h. son of toil (frequently in horny-handed son of toil): a labourer; spec. a manual labourer. Now often in humorous or ironic contexts.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > [noun] > manual worker > labourer or unskilled
labourera1393
laboura1425
pioneer1543
hand1551
heaver1587
yard boy1776
son of toil1779
spalpeen1780
hacker1784
khalasi1785
tiger1865
cafone1872
mucker1899
mazdoor1937
bracero1946
manamba1959
nkuba kyeyo1991
1779 Pictures of Men, Manners & Times II. xxiv. 92 The rough son of Toil, untutored but in the ways of commerce, unlearned in, and ridiculing, the foppery of the fashionable world.
1873 Q. Rev. Oct. 286/2 The peculiar virtues of the horny-handed sons of toil received a severe shock in 1848, and finally collapsed in 1871.
1902 ‘M. Twain’ in N. Amer. Rev. Apr. 441 A crowd of ten thousand..proud, untamed democrats, horny-handed sons of toil..and fliers of the eagle.
1933 P. G. Wodehouse Heavy Weather xvii. 298 You look like one of those Sons of Toil Buried by Tons of Soil I once saw in a head-line.
1976 Times 23 Mar. 19/4 There won't be any room for your actual horny-handed sons of toil in the TUC; there'll be too many sharp-suited managers.
2007 J. McCourt Now Voyagers v. 213 As it happens I am not a horny-handed son of toil, nor do I tip my cap at betters.
i. son-of-the-sun: a frigate bird; esp. the great frigate bird, Fregata minor. Now rare or disused.In quot. 1912: spec. a male great frigate bird.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Pelecaniformes > [noun] > fregata aquila (frigate-bird)
alcatras1584
man-of-war hawk1657
albatross1733
frigate-bird1738
sea-eagle1845
sea-hawk1852
hurricane-bird1879
son-of-the-sun1895
1895 R. Lydekker Royal Nat. Hist. IV. 287 The frigate-bird, which has received the title of the Son-of-the-sun, is one of the most swift and active of all pelagic birds.
1912 London Mag. Sept. 806/2 The Son-of-the-Sun watched him go for a space, till at last..he sped swiftly to his newly won, white-breasted bride.
1934 W. S. Berridge All about Birds xiv. 157 The greater frigate-bird, also known as the ‘son-of-the-sun’, is remarkable for the great expanse of its wings, swallow-like forking of its tail, and very short legs.
j. Son of ——: (an informal title given to) a sequel to a book, film, etc.; (hence in later use) something seen as derived from or modelled on a similar earlier product, occurrence, etc. Also with lower-case initial.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > succession or following in time > [noun] > successor > as a product, institution, etc.
Son of ——1922
1922 Film Renter & Moving Picture News 2 Sept. 21 (heading) ‘Son of Kissing Cup’ a worthy Sequel to ‘Kissing Cup's Race’.
1929 E. R. Burroughs (title) Son of Tarzan.
1934 Picturegoer 23 June 20/3 Son of Kong... By no means a second King Kong this picture, nevertheless, has some clever technical qualities.
1965 Listener 18 Nov. 805/1 The connoisseur of the horror film knows instinctively that Son of Dracula will lack the blood chilling quality of Dracula.
1966 ‘O. Mills’ Enemies of Bride iv. 47 I produced a scintillating piece of non-fiction called..Elizabethan Domestic Drama... I got a sequel—Son-of-Elizabethan-Domestic-Drama..—into print as well.
1976 Gramophone Nov. 910/1 The XSV/3000 is recognizably a ‘son of’ the XUV/4500Q: it has the same slim-line body and lightweight fixing wings.
1979 Daily Tel. 29 Mar. 6/3 (heading) Cheaper seats likely if ‘Son of Concorde’ flies.
1981 Times 19 Nov. 13/1 President Reagan..has now formally endorsed..negotiations..on strategic arms reductions (now known as ‘Start’, son of Salt).
2005 Accounting Today (Nexis) 15 May (Tax Practice section) 10 Son of Boss, an offshoot of an earlier shelter that was called Boss (for Bond and Option Sales Strategy).
P2. Proverb. a son's a son until he takes a wife, but a daughter's a daughter all her life and variants: used to express the view that, unlike a son, a daughter will maintain a close relationship with her parents, even after her marriage.
ΚΠ
1670 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Prov. 53 My son's my son, till he hath got him a wife, But my daughter's my daughter all days of her life.
?1790 Road to Hymen 29 My son is my son, 'till he hath got him a wife, But my daughter's my daughter all the days of her life.
1894 E. Glanville Fair Colonist iv. 35 It's true of men as of birds—the young forsake the old nest. ‘A son's my son until he takes him a wife, But a daughter's my daughter the whole of my life.’
1954 Raleigh (W. Va.) Reg. 18 Aug. 4/2 How different my fate might have been had all my children been sons! A son is a son until he takes a wife.
1981 Listener 27 Aug. 206/1 There's a very old-fashioned sort of saying we have in the North which goes, ‘My son is my son till he finds him a wife, but my daughter is my daughter the rest of her life’.
2007 Daily Post (N. Wales) (Nexis) 6 Feb. 24 The old saying ‘A son's a son until he takes a wife, but a daughter's a daughter all her life’ does make me think it may have been nice to have had a girl.

Compounds

C1. General attributive and objective.In quot. OE in the Old English compound sunu-cennice mother, lit. ‘son-bearer’, spec. with reference to the Virgin Mary.
ΚΠ
OE (Northumbrian) Liturgical Texts (Durham Ritual) in A. H. Thompson & U. Lindelöf Rituale Ecclesiae Dunelmensis (1927) 66 Qui sanctę dei genetricis requiem celebramus : ða ðe halges godes sunucennices rest ue gimersas.
1649 S. Rutherford Free Disputation 130 How can it squeeze a conscience wading in bloody son-butchery more then any other conscience?
1850 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis I. xxxvii. 355 Son-worship amongst mothers.
1962 Educ. Theatre Jrnl. 14 169/2 A son-devouring and love-hating woman who hangs up the stuffed body of her deceased husband in a closet wherever she goes.
1994 New Scientist 3 Dec. 30/2 Position in the womb can cause a gerbil to become a son-producer or a daughter-producer.
C2. Appositive, as son-lover, son-spouse, son-warrior, etc.
ΚΠ
1897 Q. Rev. July 69 The Great Goddess of Asia, attended by her mystic Son-spouse.
1913 D. H. Lawrence Let. Jan. (1932) 102 The old son-lover was Œdipus.
1961 Ann. Surv. Psychoanal. 6 ix. 412 Because of its obsessional monotheism, Judaism conceals its compromises: Moses, a son hero, represents a demoted father image.
2013 J. Blades Shakespeare: Hist. ii. 73 What a magnificent testimonial he confers on Hotspur, the perfect son-warrior.
C3.
† Son-of-godship n. Obsolete rare the status or position of being the Son of God (cf. Son of God at Phrases 1b).
ΚΠ
1817 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. Nov. 315 This claim to the son-of-godship renders the facts irrefragably certain.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

sonn.2

Brit. /sɒn/, /səʊn/, U.S. /soʊn/
Inflections: Plural sones.
Forms: 1800s– son, 1900s– sone.
Origin: A borrowing from Spanish. Etymon: Spanish son.
Etymology: < American Spanish son, specific use of Spanish son sound (see sound n.3).The form sone probably shows reanalysis (within English) of the regular Spanish plural form sones.
1. Any of various related regional styles of Mexican folk music incorporating Spanish, African, and indigenous elements, performed by an ensemble in which guitars and other stringed instruments predominate, and often featuring lyrics concerning love and romance; a song in such a style, or a dance accompanying this.
ΚΠ
1849 F. P. Wierzbicki California (ed. 2) 69 They know other dances that are familiar elsewhere; but they also have their own jarabe, son and jota.
1933 Frances Toor's Guide to Mexico ii. 60 When the people of the villages dance the jarabe, it varies in every region, and is danced to a great variety of sones.
1972 Yearbk. Internat. Folk Music Council 4 69 Local identification of the son is important to the patriotic identification the individual in rural Mexico feels with his home town.
2000 S. Broughton et al. World Music: Rough Guide II. ii. 467/1 In the Mexican west..there is another son tradition, sones calentanos which are known for their complex melodies on violin.
2. A form of characteristically Afro-Cuban music featuring prominent percussion, in which bongos, claves (clave n.3), and other instruments combine to produce a distinctive rhythmic pattern, alongside guitars and similar instruments and (in later use) often also brass instruments; the dance associated with this; a song or dance of this type. Cf. son Afro-Cubano n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > dances of other countries > [noun] > West Indies
myal1868
bamboula1883
merengue1888
mento1910
burru1929
son1931
dinki mini1936
Shango1941
jump-up1948
Afro1949
society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > dance music > [noun] > folk or country dance > Latin-American
fandango1800
zamacueca1855
habanera1878
rumba1912
tango1913
milonga1914
guajira1923
samba1929
son1931
son Afro-Cubano1942
mambo1946
Afro1949
montuno1951
cha-cha1954
guaracha1956
pachanga1956
bossa nova1962
salsa1975
songo1978
1931 Mod. Music Jan.–Feb. 46 Sones are performed by a group of Negro players, usually five or more.
1931 Rhythm June 41/1 The Son is far more refined than the Rumba and, properly danced, it is plaintively alluring.
1939 Peabody Bull. Dec. 8 The frenzy of a macumba or the tropical sensuality of a son.
1958 E. Borneman in P. Gammond Decca Bk. Jazz xxi. 270 The sone itself usually consisted of an eight-bar theme for solo voice, followed by an improvised four-bar tag, called montuno, that was sung in choir and repeated twice. Whereas the themes of the sones were usually lilting tunes of obviously Spanish descent, the montunos were unmistakably African.
1973 Black World Sept. 12/2 Giullén captured the vitality of Afro-Cuban life in a series of ‘sones’ (songs) which deal with cane cutters, rumba dancers, and folk types.
2008 Birmingham Evening Mail (Nexis) 2 May 39 The eight-piece band specialise in son, the traditional Cuban dance music that is the root of Salsa.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† sonv.

Forms: see son n.1
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: son n.1
Etymology: < son n.1
Obsolete. rare.
1. intransitive. To conceive a son.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > conception > conceive [verb (intransitive)] > a son
sona1325
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 981 And seide ghe sulde sunen wel And timen, and clepen it [y]smael.
2. transitive. With it. To act or behave as a son.In quot. 1918 in to younger-son it: to act like a younger son.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > son > act as son [verb (intransitive)]
son1732
1732 Criticism 6 in H. Fielding Covent-Garden Trag. In the Scene immediately preceding, Bilkum and she have mother'd and son'd it several times.
1918 E. Hemingway Let. 29 Aug. (2011) I. 135 Mr. Englefield, a brother to one of the Lords of the Admiralty, who is about 52..has been younger sonning it in Italy for about 20 years.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online September 2018).
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