† soleinadj.n.

Forms: Middle English, 1500s solein(e, Middle English–1500s soleyn(e, 1500s solleine; Middle English soulein, Middle English souleyn; Middle English solain, 1500s solaine; Middle English sulayne, Middle English–1500s solayn(e.

Etymology: apparently < Anglo-Norman *solein, *solain, a derivative of sol sole adj. Compare Old French soltain , soutain (medieval Latin solitaneus ). Now represented by sullen adj. (see sense A. 5).

Obsolete.

A. adj.

a. Unique, singular. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > one > only one > [adjective]

onlepyeOE

aefauldeOE

onlyOE

soleinc1369

solea1398

halea1400

seul1477

anerlyc1485

alonelya1513

allenarlya1525

singulara1555

fellowlessa1586

unfellowed1597

unique1601

lone1602

unical1605

single1633

solitarya1634

exclusive1790

one-off1934

one-of-a-kind1954

c1369 G. Chaucer Bk. Duchesse 982 Trewly she was to myn eye, The soleyn Fenix of Arabye, For there lyueth never but one.

c1460 Wisdom 579 in Macro Plays Kynde nobyll of kynrede, me ioy yovyn hase, Ande þat makyt me soleyn.

c1475 Partenay 6104 So by hym was made and furged again Off Maillers the church, with fresh werke solain.

b. Singular, strange, unusual.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > irregularity > unconformity > abnormality > [adjective] > strange

uncouthc900

unketha1275

solein1390

foreigna1393

uncoc1410

unquod1542

estrange1549

strangy1558

estrangeful1613

unco-like1636

arabesque1847

other-dimensional1934

Martian1953

weirded out1973

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 16 Therof a solein tale I rede, Which I schal telle in remembraunce Upon the sort of loves chaunce.

c1475 Partenay 5431 Where ye shall finde this solain auenture, Full strang vnto sight of ech creature.

2. One and no more; single, sole.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > one > only one > [adjective] > one and no more

singular1377

soleina1400

single1538

solitary1748

a1400–50 Alexander 3805 Þis solayne sope if I sup quethire sustene it may Þe menbris of þe Messedones & of þe many Persens.

a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 134 Anothyr yewyth a vyse consail and Sauyth al a roialme, and so may noght do the Souleyn streynth of one man.

a. Of places: Lonely, solitary. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > secluded place or place of seclusion > [adjective] > unfrequented

solitaryc1374

solein1390

insolentc1420

dern1488

uncoutha1542

unvisited1548

unhaunted1568

wasteful1573

unfrequented1594

untraded1596

sole1598

frequentlessa1607

unfrequenting1609

unrepaired to1615

unfrequent1618

lonely1645

lonesome1647

infrequented1675

lone1712

lonelyish1900

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 6 Ofte, whanne I scholde pleie, It makth me drawe out of the weie In soulein place be miselve.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Job iii. 14 Consuls of erthe, that bilden to hem soleyn places [L. solitudines].

b. Of actions: Done in privacy or solitude.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > privacy > [adjective]

sundereOE

privyc1300

close1393

private1472

soleinc1475

secret1528

retired1595

implicit1610

cabinet1611

underhanda1616

closet1639

umbratile1640

closeteda1649

curtain1661

recluse1673

snug1710

pocket1804

entre nous1806

underground1820

sub rosa1824

esoterical1850

esoteric1876

c1475 Partenay 4394 Noght-withstandying [he] went to se hir dedes solain.

a. Apart from or destitute of a companion or companions; unaccompanied by another or others; all alone; solitary.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > one > condition of being alone > [adjective]

oneeOE

onlepyOE

onlyOE

alonec1175

single1340

soleinc1381

solitaire1382

singularc1384

solec1400

oddc1480

alonelya1513

uncompanieda1547

a-high-lone1565

bird-alone1572

self-one1602

insociate1606

unmated1615

lonesome1647

solo1727

uncompanioned1809

unfellowed1887

Pat Malone1937

c1381 G. Chaucer Parl. Foules 607 Lat eche of hem ben soleyn al here lyue.

c1381 G. Chaucer Parl. Foules 614 Leue thow soleyn.

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 320 Thus fulofte there he sat To muse in his philosophie Solein withoute compaignie.

?a1400 Morte Arth. 2592 I gyfe þe grace,..With-thy thowe say me sothe what thowe here sekes, Thus sengilly and sulayne alle þiselfe one.

?a1412 J. Lydgate Fabula Duorum Merc. 527 He weepith, wayleth soleyn and solitarye.

a1542 T. Wyatt Coll. Poems (1969) 117 So made I me the solaine pelycane.

b. Of life: Spent in solitude.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > solitude or solitariness > [adjective] > characterized by solitude

solitary1382

solein?c1450

loneful1565

solitudinary1647

lonish1653

solitudinous1803

?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 2723 His solayn lif he had begonn he vsed forth als he was wonn.

a. Averse to society; disinclined to be sociable or friendly; morose, sullen.For the later history of this sense see sullen adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > ill humour > [adjective]

moodyc1300

distemprec1374

melancholiana1393

solein1399

darkc1440

gloomingc1440

girning1447

melancholyc1450

tetrical1528

tetric1533

distemperate1548

morose1565

sullen1570

stunt1581

humorous1590

gloomya1593

muddy1592

clum1599

dortya1605

humoursome1607

distempereda1616

musty1620

grum1640

agelastic1666

fusty1668

purdy1668

ill-humoured1693

gurly1721

mumpish1721

sunking1724

tetricous1727

sumphish1728

stunkard1737

sulky1744

muggard1746

farouche1765

sombrea1767

glumpy1780

glumpish1800

tiffy1810

splenitive1815

stuffy1825

liverish1828

troglodytish1866

glummy1884

humpy1889

scowly1951

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > [adjective] > morose or sulking

solein1399

morose1565

sulky1744

sulkinga1777

troglodytish1866

troglodytic1871

1399 W. Langland Richard Redeles iv. 66 And some were so soleyne and sad of her wittis, Þat er they come to þe clos acombrid þey were.

a1400 Rom. Rose 3896 He hateth alle trechours, Soleyn folk and envyous.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 463 Soleyne, of maners, or he þat lovythe no cumpany, solitarius.

a1529 J. Skelton Speke Parrot in Poet. Wks. (1843) II. 15 Addressyng your selfe, lyke a sadde messengere, To ower soleyne seigneour Sadoke.

a1529 J. Skelton Against Comely Coystrowne 51 It is a solemnpne syre and a solayne.

1597 Bp. J. King Lect. Ionas xxi. 283 Philo, mee thinkes, rightlie expressed the qualities of these Saturnine, solleine, discontented men.

b. transferred. Of bearing or demeanour.

ΚΠ

a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) ii. xvii. sig. L.iii An whole floud of all vnhappy mischief, arrogant maner, high solaine solemne port.

1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. May 213 At last her solein silence she broke, And gan his newe budded beard to stroke.

6. Reserved, retiring, modest.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > humility > modesty > [adjective]

simplec1300

measurablec1330

methec1390

murec1390

smallc1405

soleinc1450

timorous1474

modest1561

unbragging1570

unboldened1591

unpresuming1607

bragless1609

unambitious1621

boastless1632

unpompous1656

verecundous1656

sober1659

tender-foreheaded1659

unpragmatical1673

unpretending1681

unpresumptuous1704

unimportant1727

unaspiringa1729

inambitious1729

unassuming1730

unostentatiousa1739

unboastful1744

pretensionless1748

unarrogating1748

uncontending1748

unopinionated1775

unboasting1802

underbearing1802

mousy1812

un-ultra1817

unarrogant1831

low-flying1835

unconceited1838

unpretentious1838

uninflated1861

unvain1863

unbumptious1865

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > [adjective] > retiring or withdrawn

soleinc1450

retiring1566

retireda1616

oyster-like1665

squab1689

shy of oneself1722

indrawn1751

introverted1850

background1896

retreative1898

introvert1916

introversive1923

withdrawn1932

c1450 Mirour Saluacioun (Roxb.) 27 Hire speche was lawe and soft, souleyn and fulle discrete.

B. n.

1. A single or solitary person.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > one > condition of being alone > [noun] > person

solein1377

alone1807

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xii. 205 He sit neither..wyth maydenes ne with martires, confessoures ne wydwes, But by hym-self as a soleyne, and serued on þe erthe.

2. A portion of food for one person.Perhaps the same as Old French solain ‘portio monachica (Du Cange, at solatium).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > amounts of food > [noun] > portion of food

portiona1398

refection?a1439

soleinc1440

ciza1665

disper1840

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 463 Soleyne, or a mees of mete for on a-lone, solinum.

Derivatives

† soleinty n. Obsolete

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > [noun] > aversion to social relations

soleintyc1400

unsociableness1611

insociability1740

dissociability1757

unsociabilitya1779

dissociality1825

dissociableness1867

antisociality-

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > [noun] > condition of being inhabited > not

soleintyc1400

unpopulousness1605

inhabitednessa1662

depopulation1697

uninhabitedness1727

unoccupancy1816

Adamless Eden1876

c1400 Wycliffite Bible, Isaiah xxiv. 12 Soleyntee (ether desolacioun) is left in the citee, and wretchidnesse schal oppresse the ȝatis.

1420–22 J. Lydgate Story of Thebes i. 259 Thus ful ofte gendred is Envye In folkes hertes, of soleynte and pryde.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	solein
释义	† soleinadj.n. Forms: Middle English, 1500s solein(e, Middle English–1500s soleyn(e, 1500s solleine; Middle English soulein, Middle English souleyn; Middle English solain, 1500s solaine; Middle English sulayne, Middle English–1500s solayn(e. Etymology: apparently < Anglo-Norman solein, solain, a derivative of sol sole adj. Compare Old French soltain , soutain (medieval Latin solitaneus ). Now represented by sullen adj. (see sense A. 5). Obsolete. A. adj. 1. a. Unique, singular. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > one > only one > [adjective] onlepyeOE aefauldeOE onlyOE soleinc1369 solea1398 halea1400 seul1477 anerlyc1485 alonelya1513 allenarlya1525 singulara1555 fellowlessa1586 unfellowed1597 unique1601 lone1602 unical1605 single1633 solitarya1634 exclusive1790 one-off1934 one-of-a-kind1954 c1369 G. Chaucer Bk. Duchesse 982 Trewly she was to myn eye, The soleyn Fenix of Arabye, For there lyueth never but one. c1460 Wisdom 579 in Macro Plays Kynde nobyll of kynrede, me ioy yovyn hase, Ande þat makyt me soleyn. c1475 Partenay 6104 So by hym was made and furged again Off Maillers the church, with fresh werke solain. b. Singular, strange, unusual. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > disorder > irregularity > unconformity > abnormality > [adjective] > strange uncouthc900 unketha1275 solein1390 foreigna1393 uncoc1410 unquod1542 estrange1549 strangy1558 estrangeful1613 unco-like1636 arabesque1847 other-dimensional1934 Martian1953 weirded out1973 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 16 Therof a solein tale I rede, Which I schal telle in remembraunce Upon the sort of loves chaunce. c1475 Partenay 5431 Where ye shall finde this solain auenture, Full strang vnto sight of ech creature. 2. One and no more; single, sole. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > one > only one > [adjective] > one and no more singular1377 soleina1400 single1538 solitary1748 a1400–50 Alexander 3805 Þis solayne sope if I sup quethire sustene it may Þe menbris of þe Messedones & of þe many Persens. a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 134 Anothyr yewyth a vyse consail and Sauyth al a roialme, and so may noght do the Souleyn streynth of one man. 3. a. Of places: Lonely, solitary. rare. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > secluded place or place of seclusion > [adjective] > unfrequented solitaryc1374 solein1390 insolentc1420 dern1488 uncoutha1542 unvisited1548 unhaunted1568 wasteful1573 unfrequented1594 untraded1596 sole1598 frequentlessa1607 unfrequenting1609 unrepaired to1615 unfrequent1618 lonely1645 lonesome1647 infrequented1675 lone1712 lonelyish1900 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 6 Ofte, whanne I scholde pleie, It makth me drawe out of the weie In soulein place be miselve. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Job iii. 14 Consuls of erthe, that bilden to hem soleyn places [L. solitudines]. b. Of actions: Done in privacy or solitude. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > privacy > [adjective] sundereOE privyc1300 close1393 private1472 soleinc1475 secret1528 retired1595 implicit1610 cabinet1611 underhanda1616 closet1639 umbratile1640 closeteda1649 curtain1661 recluse1673 snug1710 pocket1804 entre nous1806 underground1820 sub rosa1824 esoterical1850 esoteric1876 c1475 Partenay 4394 Noght-withstandying [he] went to se hir dedes solain. 4. a. Apart from or destitute of a companion or companions; unaccompanied by another or others; all alone; solitary. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > one > condition of being alone > [adjective] oneeOE onlepyOE onlyOE alonec1175 single1340 soleinc1381 solitaire1382 singularc1384 solec1400 oddc1480 alonelya1513 uncompanieda1547 a-high-lone1565 bird-alone1572 self-one1602 insociate1606 unmated1615 lonesome1647 solo1727 uncompanioned1809 unfellowed1887 Pat Malone1937 c1381 G. Chaucer Parl. Foules 607 Lat eche of hem ben soleyn al here lyue. c1381 G. Chaucer Parl. Foules 614 Leue thow soleyn. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 320 Thus fulofte there he sat To muse in his philosophie Solein withoute compaignie. ?a1400 Morte Arth. 2592 I gyfe þe grace,..With-thy thowe say me sothe what thowe here sekes, Thus sengilly and sulayne alle þiselfe one. ?a1412 J. Lydgate Fabula Duorum Merc. 527 He weepith, wayleth soleyn and solitarye. a1542 T. Wyatt Coll. Poems (1969) 117 So made I me the solaine pelycane. b. Of life: Spent in solitude. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > solitude or solitariness > [adjective] > characterized by solitude solitary1382 solein?c1450 loneful1565 solitudinary1647 lonish1653 solitudinous1803 ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 2723 His solayn lif he had begonn he vsed forth als he was wonn. 5. a. Averse to society; disinclined to be sociable or friendly; morose, sullen.For the later history of this sense see sullen adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > ill humour > [adjective] moodyc1300 distemprec1374 melancholiana1393 solein1399 darkc1440 gloomingc1440 girning1447 melancholyc1450 tetrical1528 tetric1533 distemperate1548 morose1565 sullen1570 stunt1581 humorous1590 gloomya1593 muddy1592 clum1599 dortya1605 humoursome1607 distempereda1616 musty1620 grum1640 agelastic1666 fusty1668 purdy1668 ill-humoured1693 gurly1721 mumpish1721 sunking1724 tetricous1727 sumphish1728 stunkard1737 sulky1744 muggard1746 farouche1765 sombrea1767 glumpy1780 glumpish1800 tiffy1810 splenitive1815 stuffy1825 liverish1828 troglodytish1866 glummy1884 humpy1889 scowly1951 society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > [adjective] > morose or sulking solein1399 morose1565 sulky1744 sulkinga1777 troglodytish1866 troglodytic1871 1399 W. Langland Richard Redeles iv. 66 And some were so soleyne and sad of her wittis, Þat er they come to þe clos acombrid þey were. a1400 Rom. Rose 3896 He hateth alle trechours, Soleyn folk and envyous. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 463 Soleyne, of maners, or he þat lovythe no cumpany, solitarius. a1529 J. Skelton Speke Parrot in Poet. Wks. (1843) II. 15 Addressyng your selfe, lyke a sadde messengere, To ower soleyne seigneour Sadoke. a1529 J. Skelton Against Comely Coystrowne 51 It is a solemnpne syre and a solayne. 1597 Bp. J. King Lect. Ionas xxi. 283 Philo, mee thinkes, rightlie expressed the qualities of these Saturnine, solleine, discontented men. b. transferred. Of bearing or demeanour. ΚΠ a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) ii. xvii. sig. L.iii An whole floud of all vnhappy mischief, arrogant maner, high solaine solemne port. 1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. May 213 At last her solein silence she broke, And gan his newe budded beard to stroke. 6. Reserved, retiring, modest. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > humility > modesty > [adjective] simplec1300 measurablec1330 methec1390 murec1390 smallc1405 soleinc1450 timorous1474 modest1561 unbragging1570 unboldened1591 unpresuming1607 bragless1609 unambitious1621 boastless1632 unpompous1656 verecundous1656 sober1659 tender-foreheaded1659 unpragmatical1673 unpretending1681 unpresumptuous1704 unimportant1727 unaspiringa1729 inambitious1729 unassuming1730 unostentatiousa1739 unboastful1744 pretensionless1748 unarrogating1748 uncontending1748 unopinionated1775 unboasting1802 underbearing1802 mousy1812 un-ultra1817 unarrogant1831 low-flying1835 unconceited1838 unpretentious1838 uninflated1861 unvain1863 unbumptious1865 society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > [adjective] > retiring or withdrawn soleinc1450 retiring1566 retireda1616 oyster-like1665 squab1689 shy of oneself1722 indrawn1751 introverted1850 background1896 retreative1898 introvert1916 introversive1923 withdrawn1932 c1450 Mirour Saluacioun (Roxb.) 27 Hire speche was lawe and soft, souleyn and fulle discrete. B. n. 1. A single or solitary person. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > one > condition of being alone > [noun] > person solein1377 alone1807 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xii. 205 He sit neither..wyth maydenes ne with martires, confessoures ne wydwes, But by hym-self as a soleyne, and serued on þe erthe. 2. A portion of food for one person.Perhaps the same as Old French solain ‘portio monachica (Du Cange, at solatium). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > amounts of food > [noun] > portion of food portiona1398 refection?a1439 soleinc1440 ciza1665 disper1840 c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 463 Soleyne, or a mees of mete for on a-lone, solinum. Derivatives † soleinty n. Obsolete ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > [noun] > aversion to social relations soleintyc1400 unsociableness1611 insociability1740 dissociability1757 unsociabilitya1779 dissociality1825 dissociableness1867 antisociality- society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > [noun] > condition of being inhabited > not soleintyc1400 unpopulousness1605 inhabitednessa1662 depopulation1697 uninhabitedness1727 unoccupancy1816 Adamless Eden1876 c1400 Wycliffite Bible, Isaiah xxiv. 12 Soleyntee (ether desolacioun) is left in the citee, and wretchidnesse schal oppresse the ȝatis. 1420–22 J. Lydgate Story of Thebes i. 259 Thus ful ofte gendred is Envye In folkes hertes, of soleynte and pryde. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.c1369
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