spaldv.

Forms: α. Middle English, 1800s spald, 1800s spauld. β. Middle English spawde, 1800s spaud, spaad, spoad.

Etymology: < Middle Low German spalden, = obsolete West Frisian spâlde, Middle Dutch spouden (Dutch spouwen; West Frisian spoude, spouwe), Old High German spaltan (Middle High German and German spalten), to split. A different grade of the stem is represented by Gothic spilda, Old Norse speld, spjald, tablet, Old English speld, Middle High German and German dialect spelte splinter. English dialects have also the noun spald , spaud , corresponding to Middle Low German spalde and spald (German spalte , spalt ), and the derivative verb spalder , spauder (compare spalderling n.), = Middle Low German spalderen.

northern and Scottish.

1. transitive. To splinter, split, break up, lay open or flat.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > extend [verb (transitive)] > spread (something) out or open

abredeeOE

bredeOE

stretcha1000

to-spreada1000

openOE

spreadc1175

displayc1320

to let outc1380

to open outc1384

outspreada1400

spald?a1400

splayc1402

expand?a1475

to lay along1483

speld?a1500

skail1513

to set abroad1526

to lay abroad1530

flarec1550

bespread1557

to set out1573

dispread1590

explaina1600

expanse1600

dispack1605

splat1615

dispand1656

extend1676

flat1709

spelder1710

spreadeagle1829

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > break [verb (transitive)] > break to pieces, shatter, or burst

to-breakc888

briteOE

to-shenec950

abreakOE

forgnidea1000

to-brytc1000

to-burstc1000

to-driveOE

shiverc1200

to-shiverc1200

to-reavec1225

shiverc1250

debruise1297

to-crack13..

to-frushc1300

to-sliftc1315

chinec1330

littlec1350

dingc1380

bruisea1382

burst1382

rushc1390

shinderc1390

spald?a1400

brittenc1400

pashc1400

forbruise1413

to break, etc. into sherds1426

shattera1450

truncheon1477

scarboyle1502

shonk1508

to-shattera1513

rash1513

shidera1529

grind1535

infringe1543

dishiver1562

rupture1578

splinter1582

tear1582

disshiver1596

upburst1596

to burst up1601

diminish1607

confract1609

to blow (shiver, smash, tear, etc.) to or into atoms1612

dishatter1615

vanquashc1626

beshiver1647

disfrange1778

smash1778

explode1784

bust1806

spell1811

smithereen1878

shard1900

the world > space > relative position > horizontal position or condition > place in horizontal position [verb (transitive)] > lay flat (on the ground)

layc950

lairc1200

streek1303

to lay lowc1405

prostrate1483

prostern1490

spald1513

prostitute1583

prosternate1593

lodge1597

flatten1712

?a1400 Morte Arth. 3699 Be thane speris whare [= were] spronngene, spalddyd [? in] chippys.

1483 Cath. Angl. 352/1 To Spawde, dissoluere.

1483 Cath. Angl. 352/1 Spawdyd as a schep (A. Spawdit as a shippe), dissolutus.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xii. v. 204 On the erd he spaldit him all flat.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 12692 Þer were spaudit [printed spandit] & spilt in a spase litill, Two hundreth hede schippis in a hond qwile.

1828– in northern glossaries.

2. intransitive. To go apart, to splay out.

ΚΠ

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xi. ii. 73 [He] oft down fallis spaldit on the erd.

1828– in northern glossaries.

Derivatives

ˈspalding n. a split and dried fish, a speldring.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > fish > cured fish > dried fish

stockfish1290

spalderlingc1340

titling1386

woke fish1386

salpa?1527

spelding1537

lobfish1538

bacalao1555

Poor John1589

buck-horn1602

poorjack1623

Jacka1625

spalding1776

speldring1802

Digby1829

klipfish1835

Bombay duck1850

scale-fish1856

skrae-fish1867

rockfish1876

katsuobushi1891

1776 Sempill's Blythsome Bridal in D. Herd Anc. & Mod. Sc. Songs II. 25 And there will be partens and buckies, And whytens and spaldings enew.

1790 ‘P. Pindar’ Complimentary Epist. J. Bruce Ep. Ded. p. ii Spaldings (alias dried whitings).

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Spaldings, a north-country name for whitings and other small fish, split and dried.

spalding-knife n. a knife for splitting fish.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > [noun] > fish splitter

spalding-knife1354

1354 in J. Raine Charters Priory Finchale (1837) p. xxxvii Item j spaldyngknyf.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Spalding-knife, a knife used for splitting fish in Newfoundland.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	spald
释义	spaldv. Forms: α. Middle English, 1800s spald, 1800s spauld. β. Middle English spawde, 1800s spaud, spaad, spoad. Etymology: < Middle Low German spalden, = obsolete West Frisian spâlde, Middle Dutch spouden (Dutch spouwen; West Frisian spoude, spouwe), Old High German spaltan (Middle High German and German spalten), to split. A different grade of the stem is represented by Gothic spilda, Old Norse speld, spjald, tablet, Old English speld, Middle High German and German dialect spelte splinter. English dialects have also the noun spald , spaud , corresponding to Middle Low German spalde and spald (German spalte , spalt ), and the derivative verb spalder , spauder (compare spalderling n.), = Middle Low German spalderen. northern and Scottish. 1. transitive. To splinter, split, break up, lay open or flat. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > extend [verb (transitive)] > spread (something) out or open abredeeOE bredeOE stretcha1000 to-spreada1000 openOE spreadc1175 displayc1320 to let outc1380 to open outc1384 outspreada1400 spald?a1400 splayc1402 expand?a1475 to lay along1483 speld?a1500 skail1513 to set abroad1526 to lay abroad1530 flarec1550 bespread1557 to set out1573 dispread1590 explaina1600 expanse1600 dispack1605 splat1615 dispand1656 extend1676 flat1709 spelder1710 spreadeagle1829 the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > break [verb (transitive)] > break to pieces, shatter, or burst to-breakc888 briteOE to-shenec950 abreakOE forgnidea1000 to-brytc1000 to-burstc1000 to-driveOE shiverc1200 to-shiverc1200 to-reavec1225 shiverc1250 debruise1297 to-crack13.. to-frushc1300 to-sliftc1315 chinec1330 littlec1350 dingc1380 bruisea1382 burst1382 rushc1390 shinderc1390 spald?a1400 brittenc1400 pashc1400 forbruise1413 to break, etc. into sherds1426 shattera1450 truncheon1477 scarboyle1502 shonk1508 to-shattera1513 rash1513 shidera1529 grind1535 infringe1543 dishiver1562 rupture1578 splinter1582 tear1582 disshiver1596 upburst1596 to burst up1601 diminish1607 confract1609 to blow (shiver, smash, tear, etc.) to or into atoms1612 dishatter1615 vanquashc1626 beshiver1647 disfrange1778 smash1778 explode1784 bust1806 spell1811 smithereen1878 shard1900 the world > space > relative position > horizontal position or condition > place in horizontal position [verb (transitive)] > lay flat (on the ground) layc950 lairc1200 streek1303 to lay lowc1405 prostrate1483 prostern1490 spald1513 prostitute1583 prosternate1593 lodge1597 flatten1712 ?a1400 Morte Arth. 3699 Be thane speris whare [= were] spronngene, spalddyd [? in] chippys. 1483 Cath. Angl. 352/1 To Spawde, dissoluere. 1483 Cath. Angl. 352/1 Spawdyd as a schep (A. Spawdit as a shippe), dissolutus. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xii. v. 204 On the erd he spaldit him all flat. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 12692 Þer were spaudit [printed spandit] & spilt in a spase litill, Two hundreth hede schippis in a hond qwile. 1828– in northern glossaries. 2. intransitive. To go apart, to splay out. ΚΠ 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xi. ii. 73 [He] oft down fallis spaldit on the erd. 1828– in northern glossaries. Derivatives ˈspalding n. a split and dried fish, a speldring. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > fish > cured fish > dried fish stockfish1290 spalderlingc1340 titling1386 woke fish1386 salpa?1527 spelding1537 lobfish1538 bacalao1555 Poor John1589 buck-horn1602 poorjack1623 Jacka1625 spalding1776 speldring1802 Digby1829 klipfish1835 Bombay duck1850 scale-fish1856 skrae-fish1867 rockfish1876 katsuobushi1891 1776 Sempill's Blythsome Bridal in D. Herd Anc. & Mod. Sc. Songs II. 25 And there will be partens and buckies, And whytens and spaldings enew. 1790 ‘P. Pindar’ Complimentary Epist. J. Bruce Ep. Ded. p. ii Spaldings (alias dried whitings). 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Spaldings, a north-country name for whitings and other small fish, split and dried. spalding-knife n. a knife for splitting fish. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > [noun] > fish splitter spalding-knife1354 1354 in J. Raine Charters Priory Finchale (1837) p. xxxvii Item j spaldyngknyf. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Spalding-knife, a knife used for splitting fish in Newfoundland. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < v.1354
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