sousen.¹

Brit.

/saʊs/, U.S.

/saʊs/

Forms: Middle English sows, Middle English–1800s sowse (Middle English sowsse), sowce; Middle English–1700s souce, Middle English sovse, 1500s– souse.

Etymology: < Old French sous (souz , soulz , soult , = Provençal soutz , sols ), or souce, < Old High German sulza , Old Saxon sulta , or directly < the Germanic stem sult- (see salt v.¹ and silt n.), whence also Italian solcio pickle, condiment. The Old French forms, partly given by Godefroy under soult, are specially illustrated and discussed by A. Thomas in Romania (1909), pp. 579–582.

Now chiefly dialect and U.S.

a. Various parts of a pig or other animal, esp. the feet and ears, prepared or preserved for food by means of pickling.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > preserved meat > [noun] > pickled meat

souse1391

sea-beef1594

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > meat dishes > [noun] > pork dishes

souse1391

cockagricec1400

shieldc1400

head cheese1831

hogshead cheese1839

pig cheer1873

porchetta1929

carnitas1949

bak kut teh1969

sisig1987

samgyeopsal1993

1391 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 50 In uno dolio emp. pro le sows, 2s. 2d.

14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 614 Succidium, Sovse.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 466/1 Sowce, mete, succidium.

a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 139 Salt, sowre, and sowse, alle suche þow set a-side.

a1529 J. Skelton Poems against Garnesche in Poet Wks. (1843) I. 121 Ye slvfferd vp sowse In my lady Brewsys howse.

1595 Enq. Tripe-wife in A. B. Grosart Elizabethan Eng. (1881) 149 Thy tripes were yong, thy neates feete fat and faire, Thy sowse was sweete.

a1625 J. Fletcher Womans Prize i. iv, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Nnnnn3^v/2 Ile tell you in a word, I am sent to lay An imposition upon Sowse and Puddings, Pasties, and Penny Custards.

1673 Gentlewomans Compan. 154 Soust Veal, Lamb, [etc.];..boil it close covered, that the souse may look white.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Sousce,..a kind of Jelly, made of Hogs-Ears and Feet boil'd in Water, and afterwards cut into small Pieces, to be stew'd in Vinegar and Sugar.

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique (at cited word) To make an Intermess of Souse, let Hogs Ears and Feet be boil'd after the usual manner [etc.].

1829 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words (new ed.) Souse, a dish composed of pig's ears, etc. fried.

1854 H. H. Riley Puddleford 147 [I] can give you mush, souse, slap-jacks, briled pork.

1872 M. S. De Vere Americanisms 549 Souse..means in Pennsylvania more generally pigs' feet.

1929 W. J. Locke Ancestor Jorico viii. 108 We were given..souse, which is the gelatinous parts of a pig pickled in lime-juice.

1952 S. Selvon Brighter Sun ii. 23 They make souse—boiled pork, seasoned with lime and pepper and cucumber.

1958 B. Hamilton Too Much of Water iv. 74 A real Barbadian breakfast. ‘Maan,’ he said, ‘I give you flying fish an' pepper-pot, an' pudding and souse.’

1974 Sunday Advocate-News (Barbados) 10 Mar. 8/1 She is selling a popular Barbadian delicacy—pudding and souse.

b. transferred. The ears; also in singular, an ear.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > ear > [noun]

earOE

listc1380

sousea1658

concha1683

auricula1691

wattle1699

listener1821

conch1831

earhole1843

tab1866

auricle1874

a1658 J. Cleveland Model New Relig. in Wks. (1687) 246 How Quops the Spirit? In what Garb or Air? With Souse erect, or Pendent, Winks, or Haws?

1673 A. Behn Dutch Lover iii. ii. 43 A slink, greasie hair..through which a pair of large thin souses appear'd.

1708 Brit. Apollo 25–27 Aug. The Dog their large Sowces soon bit.

1787 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. Souse, the ear, most properly that of a hog, from its being frequently pickled or sowsed.

1825 J. Jennings Observ. Dial. W. Eng. 71 Souse,..the ear. Pigs sousen, pigs ears.

1895 Dial. Notes (Amer. Dial. Soc.) 1 383 ‘Bounder your souse well’ = wash your ears well.

a. A liquid employed as a pickle.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > substances for food preparation > [noun] > pickling or preserving agent

meresauce?c1425

sousec1503

escabeche1699

marinade1725

laspick1761

glacialine1876

sanitizer1950

c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. lxxij/2 Take..fenell sede broken and bounde in a clothe and ley it in the same souse for oon day.

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxxvii Redy at all tymes to eate, the wynter season to be layed in souse.

1620 T. Venner Via Recta iii. 70 The feete of a Bullocke or Heifer,..tenderly sodden, and layed in sowce.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Souce, a sort of Pickle for a Collar of Brawn, Pork, &c.

1801 The Port-Folio I. 352 Thy ears and feet in Souse shall lie.

1883 A. Thomas Mod. Housewife 102 The savoury ‘souses’ of vinegar, bay~leaves, and spices into which we plunged the other [fish] when baked.

figurative.a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Knight of Malta ii. i, in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Kkkkk3/1 I am in sowce I thank ye; thanke your beauty.1650 T. Bayly Worcesters Apophthegmes 101 As a thing newly taken out of the sowse of so many friends blood.1675 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Odysses viii. 331 After he had left Calypso's house Warm and sweet water he had never seen, But roll'd by Neptune always was in souse.

†b. to sell souse: (see quot. 1611). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > ill humour > be ill-humoured [verb (intransitive)]

to have pissed on a nettle1546

mumpc1610

to sell souse1611

sullena1652

sumpha1689

frump1693

hatch1694

sunk1724

mug?c1730

purt1746

sulk1781

to get up or out of bed (on) the wrong side1801

strum1804

boody1857

sull1869

grump1875

to hump the back1889

to have (also pull, throw, etc.) a moody1969

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Groin Faire le groin, to powt, lowre, frowne, be sullen, or surlie; to hang the lip, or sell sowce.

Compounds

General attributive.In some cases perhaps the verbal stem.

souse-ale n.

ΚΠ

1444 in W. B. D. D. Turnbull Compota Domestica (1836) 25 Liberantur Roberto Cooke pro sowceale..C lagene (bere).

souse-drink n.

ΚΠ

1653 Bibliotheca Parliamenti Libri Theologici: Pt. 2 3 A Garden of sweet flowers, or a Senator in Souce-drink, by Alderman Atkins.

1676 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 11 600 They were put..in souse-drink, or pickle.

1704 Dict. Rusticum at Brawn Put them into Souce-drink made of Oatmeal..and bran boyled in fair Water.

souse-fish n.

ΚΠ

1695 A. Wood Life & Times (1894) III. 495 All sorts of souse fish (lobsters, crayfish).

souse-kit n.

ΚΠ

1565 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories Archdeaconry Richmond (1853) 179 In the larder..j sowse-kytt, and j bread grater.

1579 in F. Collins Wills & Admin. Knaresborough Court Rolls (1902) I. 133 Two sousekittes.

souse meat n.

ΚΠ

1972 E. Wigginton Foxfire Bk. 20 Souse meat. Boy, that's the best stuff I ever eat.

1976 Washington Post 7 Nov. ki/5 We will try to re-create the atmosphere of a country store. Sardines,..souse meat and soda crackers.

souse-seller n.

ΚΠ

1647 H. Hexham Copious Eng. & Netherduytch Dict. A Sowse seller.

souse-tub n.

ΚΠ

1561 Entert. Temple in J. Nichols Progresses Queen Elizabeth I. 137 The Clerk of the Kitchen..and the Clark of the Sowce-tub.

1630 J. Taylor Great Eater of Kent 10 Eighteene yards of blacke puddings..haue suddenly been imprisoned in his sowse-tub.

1706 J. Dunton Living Elegy 20 in Dunton's Whipping-post His Brains are in a perpetual Souce-Tub, the Pickle..is only chang'd from Ale to Wine.

1887 W. D. Parish & W. F. Shaw Dict. Kentish Dial. 156 Sowse-tub.

souse-wife n.

ΚΠ

1592 R. Greene Quip for Vpstart Courtier sig. G3^v He knoweth..what the sowse wiues were able to make of the inwards.

a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Prophetesse i. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Dddd^v/2 Ye may be an honest Butcher, or allied to a seemly Family of Sowse-wives.

souse-woman n.

ΚΠ

1620 G. Markham Farewell to Husbandry (1668) 46 You shall then deal with Butchers, Sowse-women, Slaughter-men, scullions and the like.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

sousen.²

Brit.

/saʊs/, U.S.

/saʊs/

Forms: Middle English–1600s sowce, 1500s souce; Middle English, 1600s, 1800s sowse, 1500s– souse, 1700s souze (1800s dialect zouse, etc.).

Etymology: Of obscure origin, perhaps imitative; compare Middle High German and Middle Low German sûs (German saus, Dutch gesuis, etc.), noise, din.

Now dialect.

a. A heavy blow; a thump.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific degree of force > [noun] > striking heavily > a heavy blow

smitea1200

ponder1339

clouta1400

whopc1440

routa1450

maul1481

sousec1500

dunta1522

flake1559

lambskin1573

lamback1592

daud1596

baster1600

mell1658

thumper1682

lounder1723

smash1725

plumper1756

spanker1772

douser1782

thud1787

bash1805

stave1819

batter1823

belter1823

wallop1823

whacker1823

belt1825

smasher1829

dingbat1843

dinger1845

oner1861

squeaker1877

clod1886

wham1923

dong1941

c1500 Lyfe Roberte Deuyll 228 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 228 Pryuelye behynde them woulde he steale, And geue them a sowce with hys hande.

1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) v. f. 58 To Petalus he lendeth such a souse Full in the noddle of the necke.

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. viii. sig. H4^v His murdrous mace he vp did reare, That seemed nought the souse thereof could beare.

1638 T. Heywood Wise Woman ii. i Now what did I? but spying the Watch, went and hit the Constable a good sowse on the Eare.

1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais 1st Bk. Wks. xxvii. 128 To some with a smart souse on the Epigaster, he would make their midrif swag.

1778 F. Burney Evelina I. xxi. 148 I desire he'll give you such another souse as he did before.

1809 T. Donaldson Poems 13 I'd daud or gie him weel his souses.

1825– in many dialect glossaries.

1893 H. T. Cozens-Hardy Broad Norfolk (Eastern Daily Press) 5 One boy will give another a clip o' the head or a sowse o' the skull.

b. souse for souse, blow for blow.

ΚΠ

1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 54 The Hobby..dares encounter the Crowe, and to giue souse for souse, and blowe for blowe with him in the ayre.

1581 B. Rich Farewell Mil. Profession (1846) 208 There was betweene them souse for souse, and boxe for boxe, that it was harde to judge who should have the victorie.

2. A heavy fall. (Cf. soss n.²)

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > [noun] > heavy fall

squatc1350

plump1596

gulch1671

sosh1687

soss1718

swaga1728

souse1774

dunt1828

swat1847

slump1850

gutser1918

1774 D. Graham Impartial Hist. Rebellion (ed. 3) vi. 70 He first fell on a thatched house, Next on a midden with a souse.

a1896 W. G. Lyttle Adventures Robin Gordon in Robin's Readings (c1900) 79 (E.D.D.) A wud wauken up wi' the souse she cum doon on the grun'.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† sousen.³

Forms: Middle English–1500s souce, 1500s–1600s sowce, souse, 1600s sowse.

Etymology: Alteration of source n. 2a.

Hawking. Obsolete.

1. The act, on the part of a bird, of rising from the ground, as giving the hawk an opportunity to strike. Only in at (the) souse.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > flight > [noun] > rising from ground

sourcec1384

at souse1486

mount1486

launch1835–6

dread1965

1486 Bk. St. Albans, Hawking d j b Iff youre hawke nym the fowle a lofte: ye shall say she toke it at the mounte or at the souce.

1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 127 The Sparowhawkes do vse to kill the fowle at the Sowrce or Souse, as the Goshawkes do, whiche nature hathe taught them.

c1595 Capt. Wyatt in G. F. Warner Voy. R. Dudley to W. Indies (1899) 20 The fowle noe soener is putt of from the ryver for the servinge of her, but præsentlie shee falleth and killeth her praie at sowce.

1618 S. Latham New & 2nd Bk. Falconrie xiv. 49 That will cause her to..master them, as it were, at the sowce, within a short space, being no way able in that season to make wing, to hold out before such a Hawke.

a1625 J. Fletcher Chances iv. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Bbb4/1 Her feares creeping upon her Dead as a fowle at souse, she'll sinke.

figurative.1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 145 They [Jesuits] haue, like great fawcons or hawkes of the Tower, firmely seazed vpon the pray, kild, at randon, wing, or souce.

2. The act, on the part of a hawk, of swooping down upon a bird. Also figurative.Perhaps partly due to confusion with souse n.²

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [noun] > hawk > swooping

souse1590

quarry1607

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. xi. sig. Z4 As a faulcon fayre That once hath failed of her souse full neare.

a1618 J. Sylvester tr. G. Fracastoro Maidens Blush (1620) sig. B4 The stout Ger-Faulcon stoopeth at the Herne, With sudden Souse, that many scarce discerne.

1638 J. Ford Fancies iii. 35 I presume she is wanton, And therefore meane to give the sowse, when ever I find the game on wing.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

† sousen.⁴

Forms: (see below).

Etymology: < Old French sous (also soux , souz ), plural of sout , solt , later sol sol n.³ and sou sou n. See also soulx n.Instances in rhyme show that the usual pronunciation was /saʊs/: compare Smart (1836) ‘in plain vulgar English we say a sowse’.

Obsolete.

1. A French coin and money of account, equal to the twentieth part of a livre; a sol or sou.

a. plural 1500s sousz, 1500s–1700s sous, 1600s soues. β1500s sowse ( sowese), 1500s–1600s souse, 1500s, 1700s souce, 1600s sowce.For 19th cent. examples of sous see sou n.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > standards and values of currencies > [noun] > specific monetary units or units of account > specific French

francc1405

sousec1503

livre tournois1564

livre1588

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > French coins > other French coins

denierc1425

Poitevina1475

blank1480

sousec1503

gigot1530

soulx1543

liarda1549

pistolor1550

obole1567

patard1583

double1586

whitea1634

sols1637

penny1656

centime1796

cent1810

sou1814

α.

c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. lxxij^v/2 Item xv. sousz of burdeux makithe a franke whiche is ij. s'.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccxxxv. f. clviii They shuld paye to the sayd Abbot & Couent .lx. M. sous.

1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique i. xxi. 120 The men of old..sold them in the time of the Romaines for ten Sous a peece.

1633 in Northern Notes & Queries I. 93 My fencin and dansin extendes monthli to 25 lib. 10 soues.

1707 in Sewall's Diary (1879) II. 37* Shot..was Sold at 13 Sous per Pound.

β. 1512 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 294 Aucht hundretht foure skoire three frankis xj sowse, spendit be the said Johne Balȝard.1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry V f. xlv^v A greate part of the women and children he expelled the toune, geuyng to euery poore creature fiue sowse.1580 J. Florio tr. J. Cartier Shorte Narr. Two Nauigations Newe Fraunce 19 I thinke al that they had togither..was not worth fiue souce.1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 426 A bill..wherein is set downe 20. souse for two new sleeves to his old dublet.a1618 W. Raleigh Observ. in Remains (1661) 200 The King hath raised his silver four Sowce in the Crown.1690 R. Strutton True Relation Cruelties French 27 Here our grand Driver..gave us five Souse a Man.1759 B. Martin Nat. Hist. Eng. I. 128 The Plaintiff must allow him five Souce per day.

b. singular α 1500s–1800s sous. β 1500s–16, 18 sowse, 1600s sowce; 1500s–1800s souse.

ΚΠ

α.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccxxxv. f. clviii A sous is in value after starlyng money 1.d. ob.

1568 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xlvi. 38 Quhair scho findis a fallow fyne, He wilbe frawcht-fre for a sous.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Sol, a Sous, or the French shilling.

1675 H. Neville tr. N. Machiavelli State France in Wks. 262 A sous or penny a day for their Chamber.

1808 Sporting Mag. 32 63 Such a potful, indeed, costs only one sous.

1823 in J. A. Heraud Voy. & Mem. Midshipman (1837) viii. 137 Grapes are a sous a pound, and peaches twelve for a sous, which is a halfpenny.

β. 1528 R. Weston in H. A. Lee-Dillon Calais & Pale (1892) 91 Of every cowe or oxe j souse frenche.a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) 191 A sowse is worth .xii. bras pens.a1641 T. Heywood Captives (1953) v. iii. 115 Tush offer mee a sowse but not on the eare.1655 tr. C. Sorel Comical Hist. Francion v. 10 The Showes at the Fair of St. Germans, which he had seen not long before for a Souse.a1658 J. Cleveland Model New Relig. in Wks. (1687) 246 For Sprats are rose an Omer for a Souse.

c. plural 1500s souces, sowces, Scottish soussis, sowsis, 1500s–1600s sowses, 1600s souses, souzes.

ΚΠ

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. clv. 187 Labourers and worke~men..shall pay x. souces.

1550 in W. Cramond Rec. Elgin (1903) I. 103 Ordanit that na persoun..rafuse ..sowsis that pass nocht throch the ring and mesour.

1577 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1846) 3rd Ser. IV. 25 The Frenche Kinge hathe coyned newe sowces.

1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. xv. 639/1 A fat Mutton was sould for sixe souses of Paris money.

1655 tr. C. Sorel Comical Hist. Francion viii. 28 I have consented to give six Souses for that which is worth but four.

2. Taken as a type of a small coin or amount, with an expressed or implied negative.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > sum of money > [noun] > small sum > coin as type of

pennya1225

sumc1300

mitea1375

minutec1384

groat1513

souse1570

widow's mite1572

stivera1640

brass farthing1642

shilling1737

rap1778

skilligalee1834

skillick1835

steever1892

razoo1919

α.

1570 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xx. 78 The murther..thay do deny, And countis ȝow not ane sous.

1677 T. Otway Cheats of Scapin ii. i, in Titus & Berenice sig. G3^v Not a Sous, damn'd Rascal, let him turn Foot-Souldier and be hang'd.

1709 E. Ward Rambling Fuddle-caps 13 But, Nouns, if the Rake-hell continues thus loose, In Revenge, I'll not leave the young Rebel a Sous.

1761 C. Churchill Rosciad 7 Next came the treasurer of either house; One with full purse t'other with not a sous.

1805 R. Anderson Ballads in Cumberland Dial. 31 Silly Tom Linton left nit worth a sous.

β. 1677 T. D'Urfey Madam Fickle i. 7 He has no Money now, not a souse—I know it.1694 L. Echard tr. Plautus Rudens iv. iii, in tr. Plautus Comedies 199 By George, you shan't be a Sowce the better for what's in it.1709 S. Centlivre Busie Body i. i. 2 Sir Geo. How cam'st thou by such a Liberal Education? Cha. Not a Souse out of his Pocket, I assure you.1782 F. Burney Cecilia V. ix. ii. 25 There was your friend,..that shot out his brains without paying any body a souse.1802 G. Colman Broad Grins 111 To lounge, and chat, not minding time a souse.1815 W. H. Ireland Scribbleomania 157 The first, though at times having scarcely a souse, Talks loudly, forsooth, of her Old Manor House.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

sousen.⁵

Brit.

/saʊs/, U.S.

/saʊs/

Forms: Also 1700s souze.

Etymology: < souse v.¹

a. An act of sousing; a plunge into, immersion in, or drenching with, water; dialect, a wash.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > [noun] > an act of washing

wash1663

souse1741

rinse1837

wash-out1877

slush1902

sloosh1919

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > [noun] > dipping or plunging into liquid

submersion?a1425

dippingc1440

indippinga1564

ducking1581

diving1614

immersion1658

plout1705

souse1793

the world > matter > liquid > condition of being or making wet > condition of being or making very wet > [noun] > action or process > in or with water

weaking1559

souse1793

waterlogging1829

1741 E. Montagu Corr. (1906) I. 88 I have sent for my bathing Cloaths, and on Sunday night shall take a souze.

1793 Minstrel I. 185 I was a little unsensed by my sudden souse into the stream.

1820 W. Scott Monastery I. v. 181 Still keeping her hand on his collar, she gave him two or three good souses in the watery fluid.

1864 Duke of Manchester Court & Society I. 192 A sack and a souse in the river not suiting his tastes.

1889 F. E. Gretton Memory's Harkback 107 I was once saved from a souse in Milford Haven by the coachman's presence of mind.

b. A heavy drinking-bout. U.S. slang.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [noun] > drinking-bout

cups1406

drinking?1518

banquet1535

Bacchanal1536

pot-revel1577

compotation1593

rouse1604

Bacchanalia1633

potmealc1639

bout1670

drinking-bout1673

carouse1690

carousal1765

drunk1779

bouse1786

toot1790

set-to1808

spree1811

fuddlea1813

screed1815

bust1834

lush1841

bender1846

bat1848

buster1848

burst1849

soak1851

binge1854

bumming1860

bust-out1861

bum1863

booze1864

drink1865

ran-tan1866

cupping1868

crawl1877

hellbender1877

break-away1885

periodical1886

jag1894

booze-up1897

slopping-up1899

souse1903

pub crawl1915

blind1917

beer-up1919

periodic1920

scoot1924

brannigan1927

rumba1934

boozeroo1943

sesh1943

session1943

piss-up1950

pink-eye1958

binge drinking1964

1903 G. Ade People you Know 13 (heading) The periodical souse.

1930 E. Wallace Calendar xviii. 244 If ever a man had an excuse for a souse, you've got it.

1946 E. O'Neill Iceman Cometh iii. 199 Bejees, we'll go on a grand old souse together.

2. A sound as of water surging against something.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > sound of water > [noun] > in movement

wash1845

swash1847

souse1883

sloosh1919

1883 F. M. Crawford Mr. Isaacs x. 212 His voice was again drowned in the swish and souse of the water.

3. A drunkard. slang (chiefly U.S.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [noun] > one who drinks to excess

houndOE

drinkerc1200

keach-cup?c1225

gulchcupa1250

bollerc1320

taverner1340

ale stake?1515

wine-bibber1535

bibber1536

swill-bowl1542

malt-wormc1550

rinse-pitcher1552

bibblera1556

ale knight1556

tosspot1568

ring-pigger1570

troll-the-bowl1575

malt-bug1577

gossip-pint-pot1580

black pot1582

alehouse knight1583

worrier1584

suck-spigot1585

bezzle1592

bezzlera1593

cup-leech1593

soaker1593

carouser1596

barley-cap1598

swiller1598

rob-pot1599

Philistine1600

sponge1600

wine-knight1601

fill-knaga1605

reel-pot1604

faithful1609

fill-pot1609

bouser1611

spigot-sucker1611

suck-pint1611

whip-can1611

bib-all-night1612

afternoon man1615

potling1616

Bacchanalian1617

bombard1617

pot-shot1617

potisuge1620

trougha1625

tumbrila1625

borachioa1627

pot-leech1630

kill-pota1637

biberon1637

bang-pitcher1639

son of Bacchusc1640

shuffler1642

suck-bottlea1652

swill-pot1653

poter1657

potatora1660

old soaker1665

fuddle cap1666

old toast1668

bubber1669

toper1673

ale-toast1691

Bacchant1699

fuddler1699

swill-belly1699

tickle-pitcher1699

whetter1709

draughtsmanc1720

bender1728

drammer1740

dram-drinker1744

drammist1756

rum-bud1805

siper1805

Bacchanal1812

boozera1819

rum-sucker1819

soak1820

imp of the spigot1821

polyposist1821

wineskin1821

sack-guzzler1823

sitfast1828

swill-flagon1829

cup-man1834

swiper1836

Lushington1851

lushing-man1859

bloat1860

pottle pot1860

tipsificator1873

tipsifier1873

pegger1874

swizzler1876

bibulant1883

toss-cup1883

lusher1895

stew-bum1902

shicker1906

stiff1907

souse1915

booze-hound1926

stumblebum1932

tanker1932

lush-hound1935

lushy1944

lush-head1945

binge drinker1946

pisshead1946

hophead1948

1915 J. London Jacket 213 I remember you mentioned playing chess with that royal souse of an emperor's brother.

1930 D. Byrne Golden Goat ix. 71 Mrs. Trelawny-Hocking..was an ‘alcoolique terrible’, a most notable souse, in the vulgate.

1936 P. G. Wodehouse Laughing Gas i. 11 The lad.., who is pretty generally recognized as London W.1's most prominent souse.

1953 R. Chandler Long Good-bye v. 27 Sylvia is not a souse. When she does get over the edge it's pretty drastic.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

sousen.⁶

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman souse (1395 in Rymer Fœd. VII. 794), apparently a later form of source n. 1.

Architecture.

(See quots. and source n. 1.)

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > other elements > [noun] > corbel

corbetc1384

corbel-stone1425

corbelc1440

corbel-table1448

shouldering piece1585

corbe1596

souse1838

corbel-tabling1848

corbel-piece1850

label stop1862

1838 J. H. Parker Gloss. Terms Archit. (ed. 2) 122 Souse,..an old Norman-French term for a corbel.

1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 1033 Souse..or Source, a support or under-prop.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2018).

sousev.¹

Brit.

/saʊs/, U.S.

/saʊs/

Forms: Middle English– souse, Middle English–1700s sowse (1500s sawse, sewse), 1600s souze, 1600s–1700s sowze, 1800s dialect soose; Middle English–1600s sowce, 1500s–1600s, 1800s souce.

Etymology: < souse n.¹, or < Old French *souser.

I. transitive.

a. To prepare or preserve (meat, fish, etc.) by steeping in some kind of pickle, esp. one made with vinegar or other tart liquor.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preserving or pickling > pickle or preserve [verb (transitive)]

souse1387

conditec1420

comfit1484

pickle1526

confect1558

preserve1563

marl1598

murine1656

marble1661

mango1728

caveach1739

to put down1782

process1878

1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VII. 217 Þere Tostius hakked his broþer servantes, and sowsede here lemes, and sente word to þe kyng þat..he schulde have salt mete i-now.

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) xxiii. 251 Thei sleen hem alle, and kutten of hire Eres, and sowcen hem in Vynegre.

c1430 Two Cookery-bks. 12 An ȝif it sowsyd be, lete it stepe a whyle in hot water tyl it be tendere.

?a1500 Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) I. 123 Loe! heares a sheepes heade sawsed in ale.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 725/2 I souce meate, I laye it in some tarte thynge, as they do brawne or suche lyke.

1597 N. Breton Wit's Trenchmour in Wks. (1879) II. 11/1 A Tench sowsed, a Smelt fried, and a Shrimp new sodden, are serued in their best kindes.

a1643 W. Cartwright Lady-errant v. i, in Comedies (1651) sig. e3^v If they catch the Amazons, They sowce 'em straight, as we do Pig, by quarters, Or else do pickle 'em up for Winter Sallads.

1697 Philos. Trans. 1695–7 (Royal Soc.) 19 618 An excellently well tasted fish, especially when soused.

a1756 E. Haywood New Present (1771) 268 To souce a Capon.

1782 F. Burney Cecilia III. vi. ii. 231 Got in a lobster, and two crabs;..stink already;..forced to souse 'em in vinegar.

1859 A. Trollope West Indies iii. 44 No Horace will teach us..how best to souse our living poultry, so that their fibres when cooked may not offend our teeth.

figurative.1631 B. Jonson Staple of Newes iv. iv. 98 in Wks. II Fine Songs, Which we will haue at dinner, steept in claret, And against supper, sowc't in sacke.a1704 T. Brown Contin. Quaker's Serm. in 3rd Vol. Wks. (1708) i. 156 Sowse us, therefore, in the Powdering-Tub of thy Mercy, that we may be Tripes fit for the Heavenly Table.

b. transferred. To steep or soak in honey, oil, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preserving or pickling > pickle or preserve [verb (transitive)] > preserve in other substance(s)

souse1636

1636 W. Davenant Witts iv. sig. H2^v You talk'd Sir of your Snailes..sows'd in Luca Oyle.

1658 tr. G. della Porta Nat. Magick iv. ix. 129 Quinces..to be smeared over with wax, and then to be sowsed in honey.

a. To plunge or immerse (a person, etc.) deeply or thoroughly in or into water, etc. Also with other prepositions and without const.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > dip or plunge into liquid > deeply or with force

divec900

ayetOE

souse1470

douse1566

implunge1590

overplunge1595

sourcec1616

plounce1631

(a)

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur ix. xix. 366 He sousyd sire Dagonet in that welle.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 725/2 He souced him in the water over heed and eares.

1570 B. Googe tr. T. Kirchmeyer Popish Kingdome iii. f. 31 But such as..unbeleeuers be, No pardon haue though ten times in the fludde they sowsed be.

1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique i. xxvii. 170 To souse him euery day..in sea water, three or fower times a day.

1660 R. Coke Elements Power & Subjection 158 in Justice Vindicated To be soused over head and ears in cold water.

1703 R. Steele Tender Husband iii. iii When I like thee, may I be soused over head and ears in a horse-pond!

1836 G. Head Home Tour 418 Twice during the passage, one horse..as narrowly as possible escaped being soused in the canal.

1865 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. viii. 267 A blazing caldron in which Beelzebub is sousing the damned.

(b)1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) i. lxvii. 328 You shall gently take the Hiue from the stone, and sowse it into a sowe of water.1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 15. ⁋2 He sous'd me Head and Ears into a Pail of Water.1720 Polit. Ballads (1860) II. 203 For now the contrivers are tipt with a fee If they souse the subscribers into the South Sea.1793 T. Hastings Regal Rambler 64 He..overturned Master Tommy..and soused him into a deep ditch.1807 Salmagundi 24 Nov. 363 To ascertain the fact by sousing him into a kettle of hot water.(c)1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden sig. A3^v Like a horse plunging through the myre in the deep of winter, now soust vp to the saddle, and straight aloft on his tiptoes.1663 J. Heath Flagellum 13 The said Master of Mis-rule perceiving the matter, caused him..to be thrown into a Pond adjoyning to the House, and there to be sous'd over head and ears.1736 H. Fielding Pasquin iv. 42 One..tumbled down, And he and all his Briefs were sous'd together.1806 J. Neild in Pettigrew Mem. Lettsom (1817) II. 197 On this [chair] the woman was placed, and soused three times under water.

b. In past participle with implication of sense 3.

ΚΠ

1508 J. Fisher Treat. Penyt. Psalmes sig. zz.i The synner is lyke vnto a sowe, sowsed in dyrte and myre.

1580 T. Blundeville Foure Offices Horsemanship (rev. ed.) iv. xxxvi. 17 b Take a peece of Sponge sowsed well in strong Vinegar.

1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island vii. lxxiii. 103 His soul quite sowced lay in grapie bloud.

1712 J. Arbuthnot Lewis Baboon iv. viii. 35 Like Ulysses upon his Plank after he had been well sous'd in Salt-water.

1747 S. Richardson Clarissa II. xxi. 130 To send her home well soused in..our deepest horse-pond.

1839 C. Darwin in R. Fitzroy & C. Darwin Narr. Surv. Voy. H.M.S. Adventure & Beagle III. iv. 89 My animal fell, and I was well soused in black mire.

c. figurative or in figurative context.

ΚΠ

1567 R. Sempill Test. & Trag. King Henrie (single sheet) Quhat toung..in silence suir can rest? To se ane saule in sorow sowsit.

1583 R. Greene Mamillia i. f. 33 This new betrothed couple..are..soused in the seas of sorrow.

a1657 G. Daniel Poems (1878) II. 4 Some souce in bitter Inke, The venome which they thinke, To taxe the Times.

1680 T. Otway Hist. Caius Marius iv. 45 Let us to yon adjacent Village, and sowce our selves in good Falernum.

a1734 R. North Examen (1740) i. i. §21 25 Then comes the Treaty and we know not which way to turn, till the Author souces us down in Intrigue.

1781 C. Johnstone Hist. John Juniper II. 236 The poverty I had lately been soused in, sweetened my present affluence.

1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 146 But the planter tells him all, sousing him in torrents of words.

a. To drench or soak with water, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > condition of being or making wet > condition of being or making very wet > make very wet [verb (transitive)]

drenchc1000

washc1275

drowna1300

drunkena1300

drunka1382

bewetc1400

bedrenchc1450

bucka1513

sowp1513

drooka1522

sousea1542

soaken1577

overdrown1579

soss1587

embay1590

steep1590

overdrencha1592

embathe1593

indrench1593

imbue1594

douse1606

besob1609

bucket1621

sob1625

dash1670

sop1682

saturate1696

float1729

water1754

sodden1812

douche1864

poach1881

tosh1883

sod1895

a1542 T. Wyatt Coll. Poems (1969) cvi. 6 The stormy blastes her cave so sore did sowse, That..She must lye cold and whete.

1553 J. Bradford Let. 19 Nov. in M. Coverdale Certain Lett. Martyrs (1564) 281 The showres that ye nowe feele and are soused in.

1594 Knacke to knowe Knaue sig. E4^v Soust with the surge of Neptunes watery main.

1630 J. Taylor New Discov. by Sea sig. A4^v We were enclosed with most dangerous sands. There were we sowsd & slabberd, wash'd & dash'd.

1786 F. Burney Diary Oct. (1842) III. 180 After being wet through over head, and soused through under feet,..what lives we do lead!

1810 E. D. Clarke Trav. Var. Countries: Pt. 1st viii. 146 I descended a second time, and was again soused with vessels of water.

1822 M. R. Mitford in A. G. L'Estrange Life M. R. Mitford (1870) II. vii. 153 I am afraid [he] got soused in the thunder~storm, owing to his gallantry.

1871 G. Meredith Harry Richmond I. xi. 182 Then the engines arrived and soused the burning houses.

b. figurative in various senses. †In 18th cent., to impose upon, to swindle, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > defrauding or swindling > perpetrate (a swindle) [verb (transitive)] > defraud or swindle

defraud1362

deceivec1380

plucka1500

lurch1530

defeata1538

souse1545

lick1548

wipe1549

fraud1563

use1564

cozen1573

nick1576

verse1591

rooka1595

trim1600

skelder1602

firk1604

dry-shave1620

fiddle1630

nose1637

foista1640

doa1642

sharka1650

chouse1654

burn1655

bilk1672

under-enter1692

sharp1699

stick1699

finger1709

roguea1714

fling1749

swindle1773

jink1777

queer1778

to do over1781

jump1789

mace1790

chisel1808

slang1812

bucket1819

to clean out1819

give it1819

to put in the hole1819

ramp1819

sting1819

victimize1839

financier1840

gum1840

snakea1861

to take down1865

verneuk1871

bunco1875

rush1875

gyp1879

salt1882

daddle1883

work1884

to have (one) on toast1886

slip1890

to do (a person) in the eye1891

sugar1892

flay1893

to give (someone) the rinky-dink1895

con1896

pad1897

screw1900

short-change1903

to do in1906

window dress1913

ream1914

twist1914

clean1915

rim1918

tweedle1925

hype1926

clip1927

take1927

gazump1928

yentz1930

promote1931

to take (someone) to the cleaners1932

to carve up1933

chizz1948

stiff1950

scam1963

to rip off1969

to stitch up1970

skunk1971

to steal (someone) blind1974

diddle-

1545 Primer Kynges Maiestie (STC 16034) sig. FF.iv^v We have nowe suffered much punishment, beyng soussed with so many warres.

1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. John viii. 59 Inwardly in their hertes soused and washed with much more enormious sin.

1608 T. Middleton Trick to catch Old-one i. sig. B4 I souc'st e'm with bills of Charges.

1678 T. Otway Friendship in Fashion iv. 40 Death, and the Devil! how that puny Rogue Valentine has souced me?

a1777 S. Foote Trip to Calais (1778) i. 23 I reckon, your lordships were swingingly sous'd on the road?

1832 W. Cobbett Rural Rides in Weekly Polit. Reg. 13 Oct. 77 The Dean and Chapter of Durham..souse him so often with their fines.

1901 Daily News 2 Mar. 3/4 When the guns and pom-poms came into action at a gallop and soused the kopjes with shells.

c. Of rain or water: To drown out (a fire).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > extinguishing fire > extinguish (fire) [verb (transitive)] > by water > of rain or water

souse1891

1891 S. Baring-Gould In Troubadour-land viii. 110 I found that rain and wind had blown and soused out their little fire.

d. To intoxicate thoroughly. Chiefly in past participle. Now slang.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [verb (transitive)] > make drunk

fordrenchc1000

indrunkena1300

mazec1390

distemper1491

whittle1530

swill1548

inebriate1555

disguise1560

intoxicatea1566

tipple1566

overtake1577

betipple1581

seethe1599

fuddlec1600

fox1611

wound1613

cupa1616

fuzzle1621

to gild overa1625

sousea1625

tip1637

tosticate1650

drunkify1664

muddle1668

tipsy1673

sop1682

fuzz1685

confound1705

mellowa1761

prime1788

lush1821

soak1826

touch1833

rosin1877

befuddle1887

slew1888

lush1927

wipe1972

a1625 [implied in: F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Captaine i. ii, in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Gg/1 I am of that opinion, and will dye in't, There is no understanding, nor can be In a soust Souldier. (at soused adj. 2)].

1902 H. L. Wilson Spenders ix. 87 I could see then that he was good and soused.

1953 K. Tennant Joyful Condemned xxxi. 306 Grandma used to get a bit soused sometimes, but she fed me O.K.

1976 M. Russell Double Deal vi. 46 Ralph's a pro. He's soused every night, and I don't recall an edition going astray yet.

†4. With up: ? To bring to extremities. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > affect with disease [verb (transitive)] > bring to extremities

sousea1535

a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) i. xviii. sig. E.i Let him go to no leache craft, nor any maner of phisicke,..for sirroppes should sowce him vp.

c1557 How a Serjeaunt 20 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. III. 120 An olde trotte..With hir phisicke will keepe one sicke, till she haue sowsed him vp.

5. To dash or pour (a quantity of water or something containing this). Const. into, on, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of splashing > splash [verb (transitive)]

flouse1567

plash1596

splash1762

jaup?a1800

sozzle1845

souse1859

splosh1904

1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede II. iv. xxviii. 250 ‘Dip my cravat in and souse it on my head’. The water seemed to do him some good.

1901 R. Buchanan Poems 44 (E.D.D.) A pail o' cauld water..was soosed into my face.

II. intransitive.

a. To soak; to be or become soaked or drenched; to fall with a plunge; to go plunging or sinking in water, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > condition of being or making wet > condition of being or making very wet > be or become very wet [verb (intransitive)]

sousec1400

sop1831

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (intransitive)] > plunge > plunge in or under water or mud

launch13..

sousec1400

douse1603

plounce1654

delve1697

immerge1706

immerse1739

inswamp1775

plout1814

blob1875

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xxvi. 123 Þai..layes þam in vynegre for to sowce.

1584 R. Greene Gwydonius f. 27 Iupiter himselfe..if I hadde sowsed in the roaring Seas,..woulde haue prouided some happie Dolphin.

1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares f. 14 All the sinnes of the first World now welter, souse, & beate vnquietly in the Sea.

1678 T. Shipman Henry III of France ii. ii. 23 Through the lowest Region I flew, Sousing through falling Bogs of Dew.

1678 V. Alsop Melius Inquirendum ii. iii. 199 Men of parts..are..necessitated to sowze over head and ears into Compliance at first Dash.

1781 F. Burney Let. 14 Feb. in Early Jrnls. & Lett. (2003) IV. 299 What shall keep me an instant from running to Grosvenor Square, to thank you for tht most sweet thought of sousing through Gascoyne Lane to look at me!

1840 W. M. Thackeray Barber Cox in Comic Almanack 37 The vessel rode off a little, the board slipped, and down I soused into the water.

1898 M. Hewlett Forest Lovers vi It's a pity to disturb this baby of mine. Saracen and I had better souse.

b. dialect. To have a thorough wash.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing oneself or body > wash oneself [verb (intransitive)]

washc1175

ablute1791

douche1843

souse1895

to wash up1934

1895 Dial. Notes (Amer. Dial. Soc.) 1 400 I'll go and souse.

1897 F. T. Jane Lordship xvii. 201 Sousing down to the waist every Sabbath morning.

c. To drink so as to become intoxicated, to carouse. slang.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [verb (intransitive)] > get drunk

drunkenc1000

to wash one's face in an ale clout1550

to shoe the goose, gosling1566

to catch, hunt the fox1599

to swallow a tavern-token1601

to read Geneva print1608

to whip the cat1622

inebriate1626

to hunt a tavern-fox1635

fox1649

mug1653

to fuddle one's cap or nose1663

to lose one's legs1770

gin1789

stone1858

to beer up1884

slop1899

to get, have, tie a bun on1901

shicker1906

souse1921

lush1926

to cop a reeler1937

to tie one on1951

1921 E. O'Neill in Theatre Arts Mag. V. 32 Ain't you sousin' with 'em most every day?

1923 M. Watts Luther Nichols 43 Just as they're middling honest and don't souse.

†7. To flow or fall in copious streams. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > flow [verb (intransitive)] > copiously > in (a) stream(s)

yetOE

strikea1225

streama1250

lavec1425

welterc1480

souse1591

spew1670

1591 M. Drayton Harmonie of Church sig. B2^v The surging seas came sousing in againe.

1648 J. Beaumont Psyche i. xv. 2 Three times he spew'd Live sulphure upward, which when on his face It soused back, foul Blasphemy ensu'd.

1702 C. Beaumont J. Beaumont's Psyche (new ed.) xiv. clix. 219 That storm in full carreer Broke down and sous'd directly on his Head.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

sousev.²

Brit.

/saʊs/, U.S.

/saʊs/

Forms: 1500s sowse, 1500s– souse (1700s dialect sawse, 1800s Scottish soose); 1500s, 1700s souce, 1600s sowce.

Etymology: Related to souse n.²

Now dialect.

a. To strike, smite, or beat severely or heavily.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific degree of force > strike with specific degree of force [verb (transitive)] > strike heavily

cloutc1330

bunch1362

sousec1520

blad1524

dauda1572

bum1581

bump1611

bash1833

twat1974

c1520 Parl. Byrdes (de Worde) sig. A.iii ^v Than prayed all the comyn house That some myght the hawke sous.

1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle iii. iii. sig. Ciii^v Hoyse her, souse her, bounce her, trounce her, pull out her throte boule.

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. iv. sig. D6^v So sore he sowst him on the compast creast.

?c1630 Triplet in Aubrey Brief Lives (1898) I. 264 He took up the pillion Of his bouncing maid Jillian, And sowc't her like a baggage.

1703 R. Thoresby Let. 27 Apr. in J. Ray Corr. (1848) 427 Souse or Sawse on the ears, to i.e. box.

1725 New Canting Dict. To Souse, to fall upon, to beat cruelly; also to plunder or kill.

a1743 J. Relph Misc. of Poems (1747) 4 Up flew her hand to souse the cowren lad.

1787 W. Taylor Scots Poems 112 For soundly did he souse my pate.

b. With adverbs or prepositions: To dash against, knock or cast down, etc., with or by a heavy blow or impact.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impact > impinge upon [verb (transitive)] > cause to impinge > forcibly or violently

knocka1340

runa1425

rap1440

jowlc1470

dauda1572

sousea1593

bedash1609

bob1612

bump1673

bebump1694

boup1715

bonk1929

prang1952

a1593 C. Marlowe tr. Lucan First Bk. (1600) 296 Souse downe the wals, and make a passage forth.

1789 H. L. Piozzi Observ. Journey France I. 399 The people..always take delight to souce an Englishman's hat upon his head.

1810 A. Wilson Foresters in Port Folio III. 167 Muskrats and 'possums in each hand he bore;..And as he sous'd them down with surly gloom [etc.].

1828 D. M. Moir Life Mansie Wauch xv. 221 The de'il..soosing her doun frae the lift, she landit in that hole.

†2. absol. To deliver heavy blows. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific degree of force > strike with specific degree of force [verb (intransitive)] > heavily

swack1488

to lay load about or about one?1562

souse1590

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. v. sig. D8^v As when a Gryfon..A Dragon fiers encountreth in his flight,..With hideous horror both together smight, And souce so sore, that they the heauens affray.

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. iii. sig. C6^v He stroke, he soust, he foynd, he hewd, he lasht.

3. intransitive. To fall heavily or with some weight.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > fall [verb (intransitive)] > heavily

waddlec1400

souse1596

squab1755

soss1789

slump1844

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. v. sig. E6^v About the Andvile standing..With huge great hammers, that did neuer rest From heaping stroakes, which thereon soused sore.

a1600 Floddan Field (1664) vii. 72 Them Tennis-balls he sousing sent.

1701 C. Cibber Love makes Man i. 8 About eight a Clock..flap! They all sous'd upon their Knees.

1812 W. Tennant Anster Fair iv. xxx. 84 Successively they souse and roll along, Till..the carcase-cumber'd soil Is strewn with havock of the jumping throng.

1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Souse,..to fall with violence.

1858 R. S. Surtees Ask Mamma xxix. 116 He drew a duplicate chair to the fire,..and, sousing down in it, prepared for a..chat.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

sousev.³

Brit.

/saʊs/, U.S.

/saʊs/

Forms: 1500s– souse, 1500s–1700s sowse (1600s sowsse), 1600s sowze, sowce.

Etymology: < souse n.³ 2.

Now archaic.

a. intransitive. Of a hawk, etc.: To swoop down; to descend with speed and force. Frequently const. on or upon (a bird, etc.), and sometimes with down.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [verb (intransitive)] > actions of hawk, etc.

mutea1475

mutessa1475

to put overa1475

feat1508

to check at the fista1529

feakc1575

souse1589

to clip it1616

embowel1618

unenterpen1647

gather1674

enterpen1736

scatter1771

the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [verb (transitive)] > actions of hawks, etc.

enterpena1475

rousea1475

mutea1529

to put over1575

souse1589

hawk1825

1589 W. Warner Albions Eng. (new ed.) vi. xxxi. 139 Kinde killing Hawkes but wagge the wing, and worke to sowse anon.

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. v. 189 But sodainly..Downe soust the Eagle on the blazing wood.

1626 T. Hawkins tr. N. Caussin Holy Court I. 63 If the dogges spring some little bird, she [the hobby] sowceth vpon it.

1693 J. Dryden in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires xiv. 275 The Generous Eaglet, who is taught..to fly at Hares, and sowse on Kids.

1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad V. xvii. 765 The sacred Eagle..sowsing on the quiv'ring Hare.

1766 J. Beattie tr. J. Addison Battle Pygmies & Cranes in Poems Several Subj. 163 A fowl enormous, sousing from above, Th'impetuous champion grasp'd.

1806 J. Grahame Birds Scotl. 70 Now up she rises, and, with arrowed pinions, Impetuous souses.

b. transferred and figurative of persons or things.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (intransitive)] > swoop or spring down

souse1583

pounce1648

snap1648

swoop1837

1583 T. Watson Poems (1870) 103 For when he first espyde my raunging Heart, He Falcon like came sowsing from aloofe.

1590 T. Lodge Rosalynde: Euphues Golden Legacie H iv Be blythe and frolicke man, Loue sowseth as low as she soareth high.

1670 J. Dryden Almanzor ii. v As some huge Rock..So I—Would sowze upon thy Guards, and dash 'em wide.

1671 J. Dryden Evening's Love iv. 52 I love to stoop to my prey, and to have it in my power to Sowse at when I please.

1729 G. Shelvocke, Jr. tr. K. Siemienowicz Great Art Artillery v. 351 Mounted on a winged Steed..and sowsing directly upon the Monster.

1738 A. Pope One Thousand Seven Hundred & Thirty Eight Dialogue II 4 Come on then Satire! gen'ral, unconfin'd, Spread thy broad wing, and sowze on all the Kind.

1769 E. Burke Corr. (1844) I. 206 In the style of Lord Chatham's politics, to keep hovering in the air, over all parties, and to souse down where the prey may prove best.

1808 W. Scott in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Sir W. Scott (1839) I. 65 I was not permitted to open my lips without one or two old ladies..being ready at once to souse upon me.

2. transitive.

a. To strike down (a bird) by a powerful swoop. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > hawking > [verb (transitive)] > to strike down

souse1594

1594 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 sig. C^v How hie your Hawke did sore? And on a sodaine soust the Partridge downe.

b. To swoop or pounce upon (something) in a hostile manner.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > suddenly

bursta1400

to fly at, on, upon1549

sousea1616

snap1648

jump1789

to pounce on (or upon)1812

to jump on1868

raid1875

a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) v. ii. 150 The gallant Monarch..like an Eagle, o're his ayerie towres, To sowsse annoyance that comes neere his Nest.

1631 B. Jonson Divell is Asse iv. vii. 54 in Wks. II He did fly her home To mine owne window: but I think I sou [s] 't him, And rauish'd her away, out of his pownces.

1898 J. A. Gibbs Cotswold Village xii. 274 Ere the falcon ‘souses’ her prey.]

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

souseadv.¹

Brit.

/saʊs/, U.S.

/saʊs/

Forms: Also 1600s–1700s souce, 1700s sowse.

Etymology: < souse n.³, souse v.³

Now chiefly dialect.

1. Suddenly; without warning.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > [adverb] > suddenly

in a widden-dreamOE

a sursaut1338

at a wapa1400

in a swing1487

on or upon a (or the) sudden1558

at a (orthe) sudden1562

in a sudden1562

of a sudden1570

short1579

overshort1587

on the starta1616

slap1672

swap1672

bob1673

souse1680

sharply1828

sharp1836

a-sudden1871

1680 Vindic. Conforming Clergy (ed. 2) 32 He dares not so much as lift up a Finger;..if he doth, souce, he hath him in the Chops immediately.

1728 C. Cibber Vanbrugh's Provok'd Husband i. i. 17 Then sowse! we are all set fast in a Slough.

2. With a direct and rapid course.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > [adverb] > swiftly and directly

souse1690

1690 J. Dryden Amphitryon i. i. 2 He's coming down sowse upon us, and hears as far as he can see too.

1755 T. Smollett tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote II. iii. ix. 252 We shall come souse upon the kingdom of Candaya, as a saker or jerfaulcon darts down upon an heron.

3. With strong or violent impact; heavily.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impact > [adverb] > with violent or heavy impact

rous1672

souse1694

slam1726

smashingly1884

1694 P. A. Motteux Wks. F. Rabelais (1737) iv. lxvii. 276 Vinet lent him..a swinging stoater with the Pitch-fork souce between the Neck and the Collar.

1730 E. Young Two Epist. to Pope i. 12 They..looking full on every man they meet, Run souse against his chops.

1789 ‘P. Pindar’ Expostulatory Odes ix. 29 Our world..Would rather see a fellow..from the attic story of a house Fall down souse Upon a set of cursed iron spikes.

1819 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor vii, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. II. 132 I thought it would have fallen souse on your heads before you were aware of it.

1858 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia I. v. vii. 625 Gundling comes souse upon the ice with his sitting-part.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

souseadv.²

Brit.

/saʊs/, U.S.

/saʊs/

Forms: Also 1700s souce, 1800s sowse.

Etymology: < souse n.⁵ or souse v.¹

With a sudden or deep plunge.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [adverb] > with a plunge

souse1707

plungingly1822

1707 G. Farquhar Beaux Stratagem v. 65 Now..all our fair Machine goes souse into the Sea like the Edistone.

1840 R. H. Barham Hand of Glory in Ingoldsby Legends 1st Ser. 51 Into Tappington mill-dam souse she goes.

1856 R. A. Vaughan Hours with Mystics (1860) I. vi. viii. 261 As he flounders about, out tumbles the book; he lets go his staff, and makes after it; and souse he goes, over head and ears in a twinkling.

1882 W. Ballantine Some Exper. Barrister's Life xxxiii Just as he was stepping on board, souse he went into the sea.

figurative.1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure I. 5 I go souse into my personal history.1760 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy II. xii. 77 Here have you got us..souse into the middle of the old subject again.1824 in Spirit of Public Jrnls. (1825) 129 Into all sorts of subjects, both known and unknown, Mr. Hume goes what one may call souse.1872 R. Browning Fifine lxv Foiled by the very effort, sowse, Underneath ducks the soul!

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹1391

n.²c1500

n.³1486

n.⁴c1503

n.⁵1741

n.⁶1838

v.¹1387

v.²c1520

v.³1583

adv.¹1680

adv.²1707

单词	souse
释义	sousen.¹ Brit. /saʊs/, U.S. /saʊs/ Forms: Middle English sows, Middle English–1800s sowse (Middle English sowsse), sowce; Middle English–1700s souce, Middle English sovse, 1500s– souse. Etymology: < Old French sous (souz , soulz , soult , = Provençal soutz , sols ), or souce, < Old High German sulza , Old Saxon sulta , or directly < the Germanic stem sult- (see salt v.¹ and silt n.), whence also Italian solcio pickle, condiment. The Old French forms, partly given by Godefroy under soult, are specially illustrated and discussed by A. Thomas in Romania (1909), pp. 579–582. Now chiefly dialect and U.S. 1. a. Various parts of a pig or other animal, esp. the feet and ears, prepared or preserved for food by means of pickling. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > preserved meat > [noun] > pickled meat souse1391 sea-beef1594 the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > meat dishes > [noun] > pork dishes souse1391 cockagricec1400 shieldc1400 head cheese1831 hogshead cheese1839 pig cheer1873 porchetta1929 carnitas1949 bak kut teh1969 sisig1987 samgyeopsal1993 1391 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 50 In uno dolio emp. pro le sows, 2s. 2d. 14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 614 Succidium, Sovse. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 466/1 Sowce, mete, succidium. a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 139 Salt, sowre, and sowse, alle suche þow set a-side. a1529 J. Skelton Poems against Garnesche in Poet Wks. (1843) I. 121 Ye slvfferd vp sowse In my lady Brewsys howse. 1595 Enq. Tripe-wife in A. B. Grosart Elizabethan Eng. (1881) 149 Thy tripes were yong, thy neates feete fat and faire, Thy sowse was sweete. a1625 J. Fletcher Womans Prize i. iv, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Nnnnn3^v/2 Ile tell you in a word, I am sent to lay An imposition upon Sowse and Puddings, Pasties, and Penny Custards. 1673 Gentlewomans Compan. 154 Soust Veal, Lamb, [etc.];..boil it close covered, that the souse may look white. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Sousce,..a kind of Jelly, made of Hogs-Ears and Feet boil'd in Water, and afterwards cut into small Pieces, to be stew'd in Vinegar and Sugar. 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique (at cited word) To make an Intermess of Souse, let Hogs Ears and Feet be boil'd after the usual manner [etc.]. 1829 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words (new ed.) Souse, a dish composed of pig's ears, etc. fried. 1854 H. H. Riley Puddleford 147 [I] can give you mush, souse, slap-jacks, briled pork. 1872 M. S. De Vere Americanisms 549 Souse..means in Pennsylvania more generally pigs' feet. 1929 W. J. Locke Ancestor Jorico viii. 108 We were given..souse, which is the gelatinous parts of a pig pickled in lime-juice. 1952 S. Selvon Brighter Sun ii. 23 They make souse—boiled pork, seasoned with lime and pepper and cucumber. 1958 B. Hamilton Too Much of Water iv. 74 A real Barbadian breakfast. ‘Maan,’ he said, ‘I give you flying fish an' pepper-pot, an' pudding and souse.’ 1974 Sunday Advocate-News (Barbados) 10 Mar. 8/1 She is selling a popular Barbadian delicacy—pudding and souse. b. transferred. The ears; also in singular, an ear. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > ear > [noun] earOE listc1380 sousea1658 concha1683 auricula1691 wattle1699 listener1821 conch1831 earhole1843 tab1866 auricle1874 a1658 J. Cleveland Model New Relig. in Wks. (1687) 246 How Quops the Spirit? In what Garb or Air? With Souse erect, or Pendent, Winks, or Haws? 1673 A. Behn Dutch Lover iii. ii. 43 A slink, greasie hair..through which a pair of large thin souses appear'd. 1708 Brit. Apollo 25–27 Aug. The Dog their large Sowces soon bit. 1787 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. Souse, the ear, most properly that of a hog, from its being frequently pickled or sowsed. 1825 J. Jennings Observ. Dial. W. Eng. 71 Souse,..the ear. Pigs sousen, pigs ears. 1895 Dial. Notes (Amer. Dial. Soc.) 1 383 ‘Bounder your souse well’ = wash your ears well. 2. a. A liquid employed as a pickle. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > substances for food preparation > [noun] > pickling or preserving agent meresauce?c1425 sousec1503 escabeche1699 marinade1725 laspick1761 glacialine1876 sanitizer1950 c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. lxxij/2 Take..fenell sede broken and bounde in a clothe and ley it in the same souse for oon day. ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxxvii Redy at all tymes to eate, the wynter season to be layed in souse. 1620 T. Venner Via Recta iii. 70 The feete of a Bullocke or Heifer,..tenderly sodden, and layed in sowce. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Souce, a sort of Pickle for a Collar of Brawn, Pork, &c. 1801 The Port-Folio I. 352 Thy ears and feet in Souse shall lie. 1883 A. Thomas Mod. Housewife 102 The savoury ‘souses’ of vinegar, bay~leaves, and spices into which we plunged the other [fish] when baked. figurative.a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Knight of Malta ii. i, in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Kkkkk3/1 I am in sowce I thank ye; thanke your beauty.1650 T. Bayly Worcesters Apophthegmes 101 As a thing newly taken out of the sowse of so many friends blood.1675 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Odysses viii. 331 After he had left Calypso's house Warm and sweet water he had never seen, But roll'd by Neptune always was in souse. †b. to sell souse: (see quot. 1611). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > ill humour > be ill-humoured [verb (intransitive)] to have pissed on a nettle1546 mumpc1610 to sell souse1611 sullena1652 sumpha1689 frump1693 hatch1694 sunk1724 mug?c1730 purt1746 sulk1781 to get up or out of bed (on) the wrong side1801 strum1804 boody1857 sull1869 grump1875 to hump the back1889 to have (also pull, throw, etc.) a moody1969 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Groin Faire le groin, to powt, lowre, frowne, be sullen, or surlie; to hang the lip, or sell sowce. Compounds General attributive.In some cases perhaps the verbal stem. souse-ale n. ΚΠ 1444 in W. B. D. D. Turnbull Compota Domestica (1836) 25 Liberantur Roberto Cooke pro sowceale..C lagene (bere). souse-drink n. ΚΠ 1653 Bibliotheca Parliamenti Libri Theologici: Pt. 2 3 A Garden of sweet flowers, or a Senator in Souce-drink, by Alderman Atkins. 1676 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 11 600 They were put..in souse-drink, or pickle. 1704 Dict. Rusticum at Brawn Put them into Souce-drink made of Oatmeal..and bran boyled in fair Water. souse-fish n. ΚΠ 1695 A. Wood Life & Times (1894) III. 495 All sorts of souse fish (lobsters, crayfish). souse-kit n. ΚΠ 1565 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories Archdeaconry Richmond (1853) 179 In the larder..j sowse-kytt, and j bread grater. 1579 in F. Collins Wills & Admin. Knaresborough Court Rolls (1902) I. 133 Two sousekittes. souse meat n. ΚΠ 1972 E. Wigginton Foxfire Bk. 20 Souse meat. Boy, that's the best stuff I ever eat. 1976 Washington Post 7 Nov. ki/5 We will try to re-create the atmosphere of a country store. Sardines,..souse meat and soda crackers. souse-seller n. ΚΠ 1647 H. Hexham Copious Eng. & Netherduytch Dict. A Sowse seller. souse-tub n. ΚΠ 1561 Entert. Temple in J. Nichols Progresses Queen Elizabeth I. 137 The Clerk of the Kitchen..and the Clark of the Sowce-tub. 1630 J. Taylor Great Eater of Kent 10 Eighteene yards of blacke puddings..haue suddenly been imprisoned in his sowse-tub. 1706 J. Dunton Living Elegy 20 in Dunton's Whipping-post His Brains are in a perpetual Souce-Tub, the Pickle..is only chang'd from Ale to Wine. 1887 W. D. Parish & W. F. Shaw Dict. Kentish Dial. 156 Sowse-tub. souse-wife n. ΚΠ 1592 R. Greene Quip for Vpstart Courtier sig. G3^v He knoweth..what the sowse wiues were able to make of the inwards. a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Prophetesse i. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Dddd^v/2 Ye may be an honest Butcher, or allied to a seemly Family of Sowse-wives. souse-woman n. ΚΠ 1620 G. Markham Farewell to Husbandry (1668) 46 You shall then deal with Butchers, Sowse-women, Slaughter-men, scullions and the like. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022). sousen.² Brit. /saʊs/, U.S. /saʊs/ Forms: Middle English–1600s sowce, 1500s souce; Middle English, 1600s, 1800s sowse, 1500s– souse, 1700s souze (1800s dialect zouse, etc.). Etymology: Of obscure origin, perhaps imitative; compare Middle High German and Middle Low German sûs (German saus, Dutch gesuis, etc.), noise, din. Now dialect. 1. a. A heavy blow; a thump. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific degree of force > [noun] > striking heavily > a heavy blow smitea1200 ponder1339 clouta1400 whopc1440 routa1450 maul1481 sousec1500 dunta1522 flake1559 lambskin1573 lamback1592 daud1596 baster1600 mell1658 thumper1682 lounder1723 smash1725 plumper1756 spanker1772 douser1782 thud1787 bash1805 stave1819 batter1823 belter1823 wallop1823 whacker1823 belt1825 smasher1829 dingbat1843 dinger1845 oner1861 squeaker1877 clod1886 wham1923 dong1941 c1500 Lyfe Roberte Deuyll 228 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 228 Pryuelye behynde them woulde he steale, And geue them a sowce with hys hande. 1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) v. f. 58 To Petalus he lendeth such a souse Full in the noddle of the necke. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. viii. sig. H4^v His murdrous mace he vp did reare, That seemed nought the souse thereof could beare. View more context for this quotation 1638 T. Heywood Wise Woman ii. i Now what did I? but spying the Watch, went and hit the Constable a good sowse on the Eare. 1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais 1st Bk. Wks. xxvii. 128 To some with a smart souse on the Epigaster, he would make their midrif swag. 1778 F. Burney Evelina I. xxi. 148 I desire he'll give you such another souse as he did before. 1809 T. Donaldson Poems 13 I'd daud or gie him weel his souses. 1825– in many dialect glossaries. 1893 H. T. Cozens-Hardy Broad Norfolk (Eastern Daily Press) 5 One boy will give another a clip o' the head or a sowse o' the skull. b. souse for souse, blow for blow. ΚΠ 1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 54 The Hobby..dares encounter the Crowe, and to giue souse for souse, and blowe for blowe with him in the ayre. 1581 B. Rich Farewell Mil. Profession (1846) 208 There was betweene them souse for souse, and boxe for boxe, that it was harde to judge who should have the victorie. 2. A heavy fall. (Cf. soss n.²) ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > [noun] > heavy fall squatc1350 plump1596 gulch1671 sosh1687 soss1718 swaga1728 souse1774 dunt1828 swat1847 slump1850 gutser1918 1774 D. Graham Impartial Hist. Rebellion (ed. 3) vi. 70 He first fell on a thatched house, Next on a midden with a souse. a1896 W. G. Lyttle Adventures Robin Gordon in Robin's Readings (c1900) 79 (E.D.D.) A wud wauken up wi' the souse she cum doon on the grun'. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † sousen.³ Forms: Middle English–1500s souce, 1500s–1600s sowce, souse, 1600s sowse. Etymology: Alteration of source n. 2a. Hawking. Obsolete. 1. The act, on the part of a bird, of rising from the ground, as giving the hawk an opportunity to strike. Only in at (the) souse. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > flight > [noun] > rising from ground sourcec1384 at souse1486 mount1486 launch1835–6 dread1965 1486 Bk. St. Albans, Hawking d j b Iff youre hawke nym the fowle a lofte: ye shall say she toke it at the mounte or at the souce. 1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 127 The Sparowhawkes do vse to kill the fowle at the Sowrce or Souse, as the Goshawkes do, whiche nature hathe taught them. c1595 Capt. Wyatt in G. F. Warner Voy. R. Dudley to W. Indies (1899) 20 The fowle noe soener is putt of from the ryver for the servinge of her, but præsentlie shee falleth and killeth her praie at sowce. 1618 S. Latham New & 2nd Bk. Falconrie xiv. 49 That will cause her to..master them, as it were, at the sowce, within a short space, being no way able in that season to make wing, to hold out before such a Hawke. a1625 J. Fletcher Chances iv. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Bbb4/1 Her feares creeping upon her Dead as a fowle at souse, she'll sinke. figurative.1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 145 They [Jesuits] haue, like great fawcons or hawkes of the Tower, firmely seazed vpon the pray, kild, at randon, wing, or souce. 2. The act, on the part of a hawk, of swooping down upon a bird. Also figurative.Perhaps partly due to confusion with souse n.² ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [noun] > hawk > swooping souse1590 quarry1607 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. xi. sig. Z4 As a faulcon fayre That once hath failed of her souse full neare. a1618 J. Sylvester tr. G. Fracastoro Maidens Blush (1620) sig. B4 The stout Ger-Faulcon stoopeth at the Herne, With sudden Souse, that many scarce discerne. 1638 J. Ford Fancies iii. 35 I presume she is wanton, And therefore meane to give the sowse, when ever I find the game on wing. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2021). † sousen.⁴ Forms: (see below). Etymology: < Old French sous (also soux , souz ), plural of sout , solt , later sol sol n.³ and sou sou n. See also soulx n.Instances in rhyme show that the usual pronunciation was /saʊs/: compare Smart (1836) ‘in plain vulgar English we say a sowse’. Obsolete. 1. A French coin and money of account, equal to the twentieth part of a livre; a sol or sou. a. plural 1500s sousz, 1500s–1700s sous, 1600s soues. β1500s sowse ( sowese), 1500s–1600s souse, 1500s, 1700s souce, 1600s sowce.For 19th cent. examples of sous see sou n. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > standards and values of currencies > [noun] > specific monetary units or units of account > specific French francc1405 sousec1503 livre tournois1564 livre1588 society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > French coins > other French coins denierc1425 Poitevina1475 blank1480 sousec1503 gigot1530 soulx1543 liarda1549 pistolor1550 obole1567 patard1583 double1586 whitea1634 sols1637 penny1656 centime1796 cent1810 sou1814 α. c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. lxxij^v/2 Item xv. sousz of burdeux makithe a franke whiche is ij. s'. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccxxxv. f. clviii They shuld paye to the sayd Abbot & Couent .lx. M. sous. 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique i. xxi. 120 The men of old..sold them in the time of the Romaines for ten Sous a peece. 1633 in Northern Notes & Queries I. 93 My fencin and dansin extendes monthli to 25 lib. 10 soues. 1707 in Sewall's Diary (1879) II. 37* Shot..was Sold at 13 Sous per Pound. β. 1512 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 294 Aucht hundretht foure skoire three frankis xj sowse, spendit be the said Johne Balȝard.1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry V f. xlv^v A greate part of the women and children he expelled the toune, geuyng to euery poore creature fiue sowse.1580 J. Florio tr. J. Cartier Shorte Narr. Two Nauigations Newe Fraunce 19 I thinke al that they had togither..was not worth fiue souce.1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 426 A bill..wherein is set downe 20. souse for two new sleeves to his old dublet.a1618 W. Raleigh Observ. in Remains (1661) 200 The King hath raised his silver four Sowce in the Crown.1690 R. Strutton True Relation Cruelties French 27 Here our grand Driver..gave us five Souse a Man.1759 B. Martin Nat. Hist. Eng. I. 128 The Plaintiff must allow him five Souce per day. b. singular α 1500s–1800s sous. β 1500s–16, 18 sowse, 1600s sowce; 1500s–1800s souse. ΚΠ α. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccxxxv. f. clviii A sous is in value after starlyng money 1.d. ob. 1568 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xlvi. 38 Quhair scho findis a fallow fyne, He wilbe frawcht-fre for a sous. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Sol, a Sous, or the French shilling. 1675 H. Neville tr. N. Machiavelli State France in Wks. 262 A sous or penny a day for their Chamber. 1808 Sporting Mag. 32 63 Such a potful, indeed, costs only one sous. 1823 in J. A. Heraud Voy. & Mem. Midshipman (1837) viii. 137 Grapes are a sous a pound, and peaches twelve for a sous, which is a halfpenny. β. 1528 R. Weston in H. A. Lee-Dillon Calais & Pale (1892) 91 Of every cowe or oxe j souse frenche.a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) 191 A sowse is worth .xii. bras pens.a1641 T. Heywood Captives (1953) v. iii. 115 Tush offer mee a sowse but not on the eare.1655 tr. C. Sorel Comical Hist. Francion v. 10 The Showes at the Fair of St. Germans, which he had seen not long before for a Souse.a1658 J. Cleveland Model New Relig. in Wks. (1687) 246 For Sprats are rose an Omer for a Souse. c. plural 1500s souces, sowces, Scottish soussis, sowsis, 1500s–1600s sowses, 1600s souses, souzes. ΚΠ 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. clv. 187 Labourers and worke~men..shall pay x. souces. 1550 in W. Cramond Rec. Elgin (1903) I. 103 Ordanit that na persoun..rafuse ..sowsis that pass nocht throch the ring and mesour. 1577 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1846) 3rd Ser. IV. 25 The Frenche Kinge hathe coyned newe sowces. 1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. xv. 639/1 A fat Mutton was sould for sixe souses of Paris money. 1655 tr. C. Sorel Comical Hist. Francion viii. 28 I have consented to give six Souses for that which is worth but four. 2. Taken as a type of a small coin or amount, with an expressed or implied negative. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > sum of money > [noun] > small sum > coin as type of pennya1225 sumc1300 mitea1375 minutec1384 groat1513 souse1570 widow's mite1572 stivera1640 brass farthing1642 shilling1737 rap1778 skilligalee1834 skillick1835 steever1892 razoo1919 α. 1570 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xx. 78 The murther..thay do deny, And countis ȝow not ane sous. 1677 T. Otway Cheats of Scapin ii. i, in Titus & Berenice sig. G3^v Not a Sous, damn'd Rascal, let him turn Foot-Souldier and be hang'd. 1709 E. Ward Rambling Fuddle-caps 13 But, Nouns, if the Rake-hell continues thus loose, In Revenge, I'll not leave the young Rebel a Sous. 1761 C. Churchill Rosciad 7 Next came the treasurer of either house; One with full purse t'other with not a sous. 1805 R. Anderson Ballads in Cumberland Dial. 31 Silly Tom Linton left nit worth a sous. β. 1677 T. D'Urfey Madam Fickle i. 7 He has no Money now, not a souse—I know it.1694 L. Echard tr. Plautus Rudens iv. iii, in tr. Plautus Comedies 199 By George, you shan't be a Sowce the better for what's in it.1709 S. Centlivre Busie Body i. i. 2 Sir Geo. How cam'st thou by such a Liberal Education? Cha. Not a Souse out of his Pocket, I assure you.1782 F. Burney Cecilia V. ix. ii. 25 There was your friend,..that shot out his brains without paying any body a souse.1802 G. Colman Broad Grins 111 To lounge, and chat, not minding time a souse.1815 W. H. Ireland Scribbleomania 157 The first, though at times having scarcely a souse, Talks loudly, forsooth, of her Old Manor House. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online December 2021). sousen.⁵ Brit. /saʊs/, U.S. /saʊs/ Forms: Also 1700s souze. Etymology: < souse v.¹ 1. a. An act of sousing; a plunge into, immersion in, or drenching with, water; dialect, a wash. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > [noun] > an act of washing wash1663 souse1741 rinse1837 wash-out1877 slush1902 sloosh1919 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > [noun] > dipping or plunging into liquid submersion?a1425 dippingc1440 indippinga1564 ducking1581 diving1614 immersion1658 plout1705 souse1793 the world > matter > liquid > condition of being or making wet > condition of being or making very wet > [noun] > action or process > in or with water weaking1559 souse1793 waterlogging1829 1741 E. Montagu Corr. (1906) I. 88 I have sent for my bathing Cloaths, and on Sunday night shall take a souze. 1793 Minstrel I. 185 I was a little unsensed by my sudden souse into the stream. 1820 W. Scott Monastery I. v. 181 Still keeping her hand on his collar, she gave him two or three good souses in the watery fluid. 1864 Duke of Manchester Court & Society I. 192 A sack and a souse in the river not suiting his tastes. 1889 F. E. Gretton Memory's Harkback 107 I was once saved from a souse in Milford Haven by the coachman's presence of mind. b. A heavy drinking-bout. U.S. slang. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [noun] > drinking-bout cups1406 drinking?1518 banquet1535 Bacchanal1536 pot-revel1577 compotation1593 rouse1604 Bacchanalia1633 potmealc1639 bout1670 drinking-bout1673 carouse1690 carousal1765 drunk1779 bouse1786 toot1790 set-to1808 spree1811 fuddlea1813 screed1815 bust1834 lush1841 bender1846 bat1848 buster1848 burst1849 soak1851 binge1854 bumming1860 bust-out1861 bum1863 booze1864 drink1865 ran-tan1866 cupping1868 crawl1877 hellbender1877 break-away1885 periodical1886 jag1894 booze-up1897 slopping-up1899 souse1903 pub crawl1915 blind1917 beer-up1919 periodic1920 scoot1924 brannigan1927 rumba1934 boozeroo1943 sesh1943 session1943 piss-up1950 pink-eye1958 binge drinking1964 1903 G. Ade People you Know 13 (heading) The periodical souse. 1930 E. Wallace Calendar xviii. 244 If ever a man had an excuse for a souse, you've got it. 1946 E. O'Neill Iceman Cometh iii. 199 Bejees, we'll go on a grand old souse together. 2. A sound as of water surging against something. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > sound of water > [noun] > in movement wash1845 swash1847 souse1883 sloosh1919 1883 F. M. Crawford Mr. Isaacs x. 212 His voice was again drowned in the swish and souse of the water. 3. A drunkard. slang (chiefly U.S.). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [noun] > one who drinks to excess houndOE drinkerc1200 keach-cup?c1225 gulchcupa1250 bollerc1320 taverner1340 ale stake?1515 wine-bibber1535 bibber1536 swill-bowl1542 malt-wormc1550 rinse-pitcher1552 bibblera1556 ale knight1556 tosspot1568 ring-pigger1570 troll-the-bowl1575 malt-bug1577 gossip-pint-pot1580 black pot1582 alehouse knight1583 worrier1584 suck-spigot1585 bezzle1592 bezzlera1593 cup-leech1593 soaker1593 carouser1596 barley-cap1598 swiller1598 rob-pot1599 Philistine1600 sponge1600 wine-knight1601 fill-knaga1605 reel-pot1604 faithful1609 fill-pot1609 bouser1611 spigot-sucker1611 suck-pint1611 whip-can1611 bib-all-night1612 afternoon man1615 potling1616 Bacchanalian1617 bombard1617 pot-shot1617 potisuge1620 trougha1625 tumbrila1625 borachioa1627 pot-leech1630 kill-pota1637 biberon1637 bang-pitcher1639 son of Bacchusc1640 shuffler1642 suck-bottlea1652 swill-pot1653 poter1657 potatora1660 old soaker1665 fuddle cap1666 old toast1668 bubber1669 toper1673 ale-toast1691 Bacchant1699 fuddler1699 swill-belly1699 tickle-pitcher1699 whetter1709 draughtsmanc1720 bender1728 drammer1740 dram-drinker1744 drammist1756 rum-bud1805 siper1805 Bacchanal1812 boozera1819 rum-sucker1819 soak1820 imp of the spigot1821 polyposist1821 wineskin1821 sack-guzzler1823 sitfast1828 swill-flagon1829 cup-man1834 swiper1836 Lushington1851 lushing-man1859 bloat1860 pottle pot1860 tipsificator1873 tipsifier1873 pegger1874 swizzler1876 bibulant1883 toss-cup1883 lusher1895 stew-bum1902 shicker1906 stiff1907 souse1915 booze-hound1926 stumblebum1932 tanker1932 lush-hound1935 lushy1944 lush-head1945 binge drinker1946 pisshead1946 hophead1948 1915 J. London Jacket 213 I remember you mentioned playing chess with that royal souse of an emperor's brother. 1930 D. Byrne Golden Goat ix. 71 Mrs. Trelawny-Hocking..was an ‘alcoolique terrible’, a most notable souse, in the vulgate. 1936 P. G. Wodehouse Laughing Gas i. 11 The lad.., who is pretty generally recognized as London W.1's most prominent souse. 1953 R. Chandler Long Good-bye v. 27 Sylvia is not a souse. When she does get over the edge it's pretty drastic. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022). sousen.⁶ Etymology: < Anglo-Norman souse (1395 in Rymer Fœd. VII. 794), apparently a later form of source n. 1. Architecture. (See quots. and source n. 1.) ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > other elements > [noun] > corbel corbetc1384 corbel-stone1425 corbelc1440 corbel-table1448 shouldering piece1585 corbe1596 souse1838 corbel-tabling1848 corbel-piece1850 label stop1862 1838 J. H. Parker Gloss. Terms Archit. (ed. 2) 122 Souse,..an old Norman-French term for a corbel. 1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 1033 Souse..or Source, a support or under-prop. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2018). sousev.¹ Brit. /saʊs/, U.S. /saʊs/ Forms: Middle English– souse, Middle English–1700s sowse (1500s sawse, sewse), 1600s souze, 1600s–1700s sowze, 1800s dialect soose; Middle English–1600s sowce, 1500s–1600s, 1800s souce. Etymology: < souse n.¹, or < Old French souser. I. transitive. 1. a. To prepare or preserve (meat, fish, etc.) by steeping in some kind of pickle, esp. one made with vinegar or other tart liquor. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preserving or pickling > pickle or preserve [verb (transitive)] souse1387 conditec1420 comfit1484 pickle1526 confect1558 preserve1563 marl1598 murine1656 marble1661 mango1728 caveach1739 to put down1782 process1878 1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron.* (Rolls) VII. 217 Þere Tostius hakked his broþer servantes, and sowsede here lemes, and sente word to þe kyng þat..he schulde have salt mete i-now. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) xxiii. 251 Thei sleen hem alle, and kutten of hire Eres, and sowcen hem in Vynegre. c1430 Two Cookery-bks. 12 An ȝif it sowsyd be, lete it stepe a whyle in hot water tyl it be tendere. ?a1500 Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) I. 123 Loe! heares a sheepes heade sawsed in ale. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 725/2 I souce meate, I laye it in some tarte thynge, as they do brawne or suche lyke. 1597 N. Breton Wit's Trenchmour in Wks. (1879) II. 11/1 A Tench sowsed, a Smelt fried, and a Shrimp new sodden, are serued in their best kindes. a1643 W. Cartwright Lady-errant v. i, in Comedies (1651) sig. e3^v If they catch the Amazons, They sowce 'em straight, as we do Pig, by quarters, Or else do pickle 'em up for Winter Sallads. 1697 Philos. Trans. 1695–7 (Royal Soc.) 19 618 An excellently well tasted fish, especially when soused. a1756 E. Haywood New Present (1771) 268 To souce a Capon. 1782 F. Burney Cecilia III. vi. ii. 231 Got in a lobster, and two crabs;..stink already;..forced to souse 'em in vinegar. 1859 A. Trollope West Indies iii. 44 No Horace will teach us..how best to souse our living poultry, so that their fibres when cooked may not offend our teeth. figurative.1631 B. Jonson Staple of Newes iv. iv. 98 in Wks. II Fine Songs, Which we will haue at dinner, steept in claret, And against supper, sowc't in sacke.a1704 T. Brown Contin. Quaker's Serm. in 3rd Vol. Wks. (1708) i. 156 Sowse us, therefore, in the Powdering-Tub of thy Mercy, that we may be Tripes fit for the Heavenly Table. b. transferred. To steep or soak in honey, oil, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preserving or pickling > pickle or preserve [verb (transitive)] > preserve in other substance(s) souse1636 1636 W. Davenant Witts iv. sig. H2^v You talk'd Sir of your Snailes..sows'd in Luca Oyle. 1658 tr. G. della Porta Nat. Magick iv. ix. 129 Quinces..to be smeared over with wax, and then to be sowsed in honey. 2. a. To plunge or immerse (a person, etc.) deeply or thoroughly in or into water, etc. Also with other prepositions and without const. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > dip or plunge into liquid > deeply or with force divec900 ayetOE souse1470 douse1566 implunge1590 overplunge1595 sourcec1616 plounce1631 (a) 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur ix. xix. 366 He sousyd sire Dagonet in that welle. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 725/2 He souced him in the water over heed and eares. 1570 B. Googe tr. T. Kirchmeyer Popish Kingdome iii. f. 31 But such as..unbeleeuers be, No pardon haue though ten times in the fludde they sowsed be. 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique i. xxvii. 170 To souse him euery day..in sea water, three or fower times a day. 1660 R. Coke Elements Power & Subjection 158 in Justice Vindicated To be soused over head and ears in cold water. 1703 R. Steele Tender Husband iii. iii When I like thee, may I be soused over head and ears in a horse-pond! 1836 G. Head Home Tour 418 Twice during the passage, one horse..as narrowly as possible escaped being soused in the canal. 1865 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. viii. 267 A blazing caldron in which Beelzebub is sousing the damned. (b)1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) i. lxvii. 328 You shall gently take the Hiue from the stone, and sowse it into a sowe of water.1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 15. ⁋2 He sous'd me Head and Ears into a Pail of Water.1720 Polit. Ballads (1860) II. 203 For now the contrivers are tipt with a fee If they souse the subscribers into the South Sea.1793 T. Hastings Regal Rambler 64 He..overturned Master Tommy..and soused him into a deep ditch.1807 Salmagundi 24 Nov. 363 To ascertain the fact by sousing him into a kettle of hot water.(c)1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden sig. A3^v Like a horse plunging through the myre in the deep of winter, now soust vp to the saddle, and straight aloft on his tiptoes.1663 J. Heath Flagellum 13 The said Master of Mis-rule perceiving the matter, caused him..to be thrown into a Pond adjoyning to the House, and there to be sous'd over head and ears.1736 H. Fielding Pasquin iv. 42 One..tumbled down, And he and all his Briefs were sous'd together.1806 J. Neild in Pettigrew Mem. Lettsom (1817) II. 197 On this [chair] the woman was placed, and soused three times under water. b. In past participle with implication of sense 3. ΚΠ 1508 J. Fisher Treat. Penyt. Psalmes sig. zz.i The synner is lyke vnto a sowe, sowsed in dyrte and myre. 1580 T. Blundeville Foure Offices Horsemanship (rev. ed.) iv. xxxvi. 17 b Take a peece of Sponge sowsed well in strong Vinegar. 1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island vii. lxxiii. 103 His soul quite sowced lay in grapie bloud. 1712 J. Arbuthnot Lewis Baboon iv. viii. 35 Like Ulysses upon his Plank after he had been well sous'd in Salt-water. 1747 S. Richardson Clarissa II. xxi. 130 To send her home well soused in..our deepest horse-pond. 1839 C. Darwin in R. Fitzroy & C. Darwin Narr. Surv. Voy. H.M.S. Adventure & Beagle III. iv. 89 My animal fell, and I was well soused in black mire. c. figurative or in figurative context. ΚΠ 1567 R. Sempill Test. & Trag. King Henrie (single sheet) Quhat toung..in silence suir can rest? To se ane saule in sorow sowsit. 1583 R. Greene Mamillia i. f. 33 This new betrothed couple..are..soused in the seas of sorrow. a1657 G. Daniel Poems (1878) II. 4 Some souce in bitter Inke, The venome which they thinke, To taxe the Times. 1680 T. Otway Hist. Caius Marius iv. 45 Let us to yon adjacent Village, and sowce our selves in good Falernum. a1734 R. North Examen (1740) i. i. §21 25 Then comes the Treaty and we know not which way to turn, till the Author souces us down in Intrigue. 1781 C. Johnstone Hist. John Juniper II. 236 The poverty I had lately been soused in, sweetened my present affluence. 1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 146 But the planter tells him all, sousing him in torrents of words. 3. a. To drench or soak with water, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > condition of being or making wet > condition of being or making very wet > make very wet [verb (transitive)] drenchc1000 washc1275 drowna1300 drunkena1300 drunka1382 bewetc1400 bedrenchc1450 bucka1513 sowp1513 drooka1522 sousea1542 soaken1577 overdrown1579 soss1587 embay1590 steep1590 overdrencha1592 embathe1593 indrench1593 imbue1594 douse1606 besob1609 bucket1621 sob1625 dash1670 sop1682 saturate1696 float1729 water1754 sodden1812 douche1864 poach1881 tosh1883 sod1895 a1542 T. Wyatt Coll. Poems (1969) cvi. 6 The stormy blastes her cave so sore did sowse, That..She must lye cold and whete. 1553 J. Bradford Let. 19 Nov. in M. Coverdale Certain Lett. Martyrs (1564) 281 The showres that ye nowe feele and are soused in. 1594 Knacke to knowe Knaue sig. E4^v Soust with the surge of Neptunes watery main. 1630 J. Taylor New Discov. by Sea sig. A4^v We were enclosed with most dangerous sands. There were we sowsd & slabberd, wash'd & dash'd. 1786 F. Burney Diary Oct. (1842) III. 180 After being wet through over head, and soused through under feet,..what lives we do lead! 1810 E. D. Clarke Trav. Var. Countries: Pt. 1st viii. 146 I descended a second time, and was again soused with vessels of water. 1822 M. R. Mitford in A. G. L'Estrange Life M. R. Mitford (1870) II. vii. 153 I am afraid [he] got soused in the thunder~storm, owing to his gallantry. 1871 G. Meredith Harry Richmond I. xi. 182 Then the engines arrived and soused the burning houses. b. figurative in various senses. †In 18th cent., to impose upon, to swindle, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > defrauding or swindling > perpetrate (a swindle) [verb (transitive)] > defraud or swindle defraud1362 deceivec1380 plucka1500 lurch1530 defeata1538 souse1545 lick1548 wipe1549 fraud1563 use1564 cozen1573 nick1576 verse1591 rooka1595 trim1600 skelder1602 firk1604 dry-shave1620 fiddle1630 nose1637 foista1640 doa1642 sharka1650 chouse1654 burn1655 bilk1672 under-enter1692 sharp1699 stick1699 finger1709 roguea1714 fling1749 swindle1773 jink1777 queer1778 to do over1781 jump1789 mace1790 chisel1808 slang1812 bucket1819 to clean out1819 give it1819 to put in the hole1819 ramp1819 sting1819 victimize1839 financier1840 gum1840 snakea1861 to take down1865 verneuk1871 bunco1875 rush1875 gyp1879 salt1882 daddle1883 work1884 to have (one) on toast1886 slip1890 to do (a person) in the eye1891 sugar1892 flay1893 to give (someone) the rinky-dink1895 con1896 pad1897 screw1900 short-change1903 to do in1906 window dress1913 ream1914 twist1914 clean1915 rim1918 tweedle1925 hype1926 clip1927 take1927 gazump1928 yentz1930 promote1931 to take (someone) to the cleaners1932 to carve up1933 chizz1948 stiff1950 scam1963 to rip off1969 to stitch up1970 skunk1971 to steal (someone) blind1974 diddle- 1545 Primer Kynges Maiestie (STC 16034) sig. FF.iv^v We have nowe suffered much punishment, beyng soussed with so many warres. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. John viii. 59 Inwardly in their hertes soused and washed with much more enormious sin. 1608 T. Middleton Trick to catch Old-one i. sig. B4 I souc'st e'm with bills of Charges. 1678 T. Otway Friendship in Fashion iv. 40 Death, and the Devil! how that puny Rogue Valentine has souced me? a1777 S. Foote Trip to Calais (1778) i. 23 I reckon, your lordships were swingingly sous'd on the road? 1832 W. Cobbett Rural Rides in Weekly Polit. Reg. 13 Oct. 77 The Dean and Chapter of Durham..souse him so often with their fines. 1901 Daily News 2 Mar. 3/4 When the guns and pom-poms came into action at a gallop and soused the kopjes with shells. c. Of rain or water: To drown out (a fire). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > extinguishing fire > extinguish (fire) [verb (transitive)] > by water > of rain or water souse1891 1891 S. Baring-Gould In Troubadour-land viii. 110 I found that rain and wind had blown and soused out their little fire. d. To intoxicate thoroughly. Chiefly in past participle. Now slang. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [verb (transitive)] > make drunk fordrenchc1000 indrunkena1300 mazec1390 distemper1491 whittle1530 swill1548 inebriate1555 disguise1560 intoxicatea1566 tipple1566 overtake1577 betipple1581 seethe1599 fuddlec1600 fox1611 wound1613 cupa1616 fuzzle1621 to gild overa1625 sousea1625 tip1637 tosticate1650 drunkify1664 muddle1668 tipsy1673 sop1682 fuzz1685 confound1705 mellowa1761 prime1788 lush1821 soak1826 touch1833 rosin1877 befuddle1887 slew1888 lush1927 wipe1972 a1625 [implied in: F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Captaine i. ii, in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Gg/1 I am of that opinion, and will dye in't, There is no understanding, nor can be In a soust Souldier. (at soused adj. 2)]. 1902 H. L. Wilson Spenders ix. 87 I could see then that he was good and soused. 1953 K. Tennant Joyful Condemned xxxi. 306 Grandma used to get a bit soused sometimes, but she fed me O.K. 1976 M. Russell Double Deal vi. 46 Ralph's a pro. He's soused every night, and I don't recall an edition going astray yet. †4. With up: ? To bring to extremities. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > affect with disease [verb (transitive)] > bring to extremities sousea1535 a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) i. xviii. sig. E.i Let him go to no leache craft, nor any maner of phisicke,..for sirroppes should sowce him vp. c1557 How a Serjeaunt 20 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. III. 120 An olde trotte..With hir phisicke will keepe one sicke, till she haue sowsed him vp. 5. To dash or pour (a quantity of water or something containing this). Const. into, on, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of splashing > splash [verb (transitive)] flouse1567 plash1596 splash1762 jaup?a1800 sozzle1845 souse1859 splosh1904 1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede II. iv. xxviii. 250 ‘Dip my cravat in and souse it on my head’. The water seemed to do him some good. 1901 R. Buchanan Poems 44 (E.D.D.) A pail o' cauld water..was soosed into my face. II. intransitive. 6. a. To soak; to be or become soaked or drenched; to fall with a plunge; to go plunging or sinking in water, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > condition of being or making wet > condition of being or making very wet > be or become very wet [verb (intransitive)] sousec1400 sop1831 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (intransitive)] > plunge > plunge in or under water or mud launch13.. sousec1400 douse1603 plounce1654 delve1697 immerge1706 immerse1739 inswamp1775 plout1814 blob1875 c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xxvi. 123 Þai..layes þam in vynegre for to sowce. 1584 R. Greene Gwydonius f. 27 Iupiter himselfe..if I hadde sowsed in the roaring Seas,..woulde haue prouided some happie Dolphin. 1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares f. 14 All the sinnes of the first World now welter, souse, & beate vnquietly in the Sea. 1678 T. Shipman Henry III of France ii. ii. 23 Through the lowest Region I flew, Sousing through falling Bogs of Dew. 1678 V. Alsop Melius Inquirendum ii. iii. 199 Men of parts..are..necessitated to sowze over head and ears into Compliance at first Dash. 1781 F. Burney Let. 14 Feb. in Early Jrnls. & Lett. (2003) IV. 299 What shall keep me an instant from running to Grosvenor Square, to thank you for tht most sweet thought of sousing through Gascoyne Lane to look at me! 1840 W. M. Thackeray Barber Cox in Comic Almanack 37 The vessel rode off a little, the board slipped, and down I soused into the water. 1898 M. Hewlett Forest Lovers vi It's a pity to disturb this baby of mine. Saracen and I had better souse. b. dialect. To have a thorough wash. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing oneself or body > wash oneself [verb (intransitive)] washc1175 ablute1791 douche1843 souse1895 to wash up1934 1895 Dial. Notes (Amer. Dial. Soc.) 1 400 I'll go and souse. 1897 F. T. Jane Lordship xvii. 201 Sousing down to the waist every Sabbath morning. c. To drink so as to become intoxicated, to carouse. slang. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [verb (intransitive)] > get drunk drunkenc1000 to wash one's face in an ale clout1550 to shoe the goose, gosling1566 to catch, hunt the fox1599 to swallow a tavern-token1601 to read Geneva print1608 to whip the cat1622 inebriate1626 to hunt a tavern-fox1635 fox1649 mug1653 to fuddle one's cap or nose1663 to lose one's legs1770 gin1789 stone1858 to beer up1884 slop1899 to get, have, tie a bun on1901 shicker1906 souse1921 lush1926 to cop a reeler1937 to tie one on1951 1921 E. O'Neill in Theatre Arts Mag. V. 32 Ain't you sousin' with 'em most every day? 1923 M. Watts Luther Nichols 43 Just as they're middling honest and don't souse. †7. To flow or fall in copious streams. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > flow [verb (intransitive)] > copiously > in (a) stream(s) yetOE strikea1225 streama1250 lavec1425 welterc1480 souse1591 spew1670 1591 M. Drayton Harmonie of Church sig. B2^v The surging seas came sousing in againe. 1648 J. Beaumont Psyche i. xv. 2 Three times he spew'd Live sulphure upward, which when on his face It soused back, foul Blasphemy ensu'd. 1702 C. Beaumont J. Beaumont's Psyche (new ed.) xiv. clix. 219 That storm in full carreer Broke down and sous'd directly on his Head. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022). sousev.² Brit. /saʊs/, U.S. /saʊs/ Forms: 1500s sowse, 1500s– souse (1700s dialect sawse, 1800s Scottish soose); 1500s, 1700s souce, 1600s sowce. Etymology: Related to souse n.² Now dialect. 1. a. To strike, smite, or beat severely or heavily. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific degree of force > strike with specific degree of force [verb (transitive)] > strike heavily cloutc1330 bunch1362 sousec1520 blad1524 dauda1572 bum1581 bump1611 bash1833 twat1974 c1520 Parl. Byrdes (de Worde) sig. A.iii ^v Than prayed all the comyn house That some myght the hawke sous. 1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle iii. iii. sig. Ciii^v Hoyse her, souse her, bounce her, trounce her, pull out her throte boule. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. iv. sig. D6^v So sore he sowst him on the compast creast. View more context for this quotation ?c1630 Triplet in Aubrey Brief Lives (1898) I. 264 He took up the pillion Of his bouncing maid Jillian, And sowc't her like a baggage. 1703 R. Thoresby Let. 27 Apr. in J. Ray Corr. (1848) 427 Souse or Sawse on the ears, to i.e. box. 1725 New Canting Dict. To Souse, to fall upon, to beat cruelly; also to plunder or kill. a1743 J. Relph Misc. of Poems (1747) 4 Up flew her hand to souse the cowren lad. 1787 W. Taylor Scots Poems 112 For soundly did he souse my pate. b. With adverbs or prepositions: To dash against, knock or cast down, etc., with or by a heavy blow or impact. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > impinge upon [verb (transitive)] > cause to impinge > forcibly or violently knocka1340 runa1425 rap1440 jowlc1470 dauda1572 sousea1593 bedash1609 bob1612 hit1639 bump1673 bebump1694 boup1715 bonk1929 prang1952 a1593 C. Marlowe tr. Lucan First Bk. (1600) 296 Souse downe the wals, and make a passage forth. 1789 H. L. Piozzi Observ. Journey France I. 399 The people..always take delight to souce an Englishman's hat upon his head. 1810 A. Wilson Foresters in Port Folio III. 167 Muskrats and 'possums in each hand he bore;..And as he sous'd them down with surly gloom [etc.]. 1828 D. M. Moir Life Mansie Wauch xv. 221 The de'il..soosing her doun frae the lift, she landit in that hole. †2. absol. To deliver heavy blows. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific degree of force > strike with specific degree of force [verb (intransitive)] > heavily swack1488 to lay load about or about one?1562 souse1590 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. v. sig. D8^v As when a Gryfon..A Dragon fiers encountreth in his flight,..With hideous horror both together smight, And souce so sore, that they the heauens affray. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. iii. sig. C6^v He stroke, he soust, he foynd, he hewd, he lasht. View more context for this quotation 3. intransitive. To fall heavily or with some weight. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > fall [verb (intransitive)] > heavily waddlec1400 souse1596 squab1755 soss1789 slump1844 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. v. sig. E6^v About the Andvile standing..With huge great hammers, that did neuer rest From heaping stroakes, which thereon soused sore. View more context for this quotation a1600 Floddan Field (1664) vii. 72 Them Tennis-balls he sousing sent. 1701 C. Cibber Love makes Man i. 8 About eight a Clock..flap! They all sous'd upon their Knees. 1812 W. Tennant Anster Fair iv. xxx. 84 Successively they souse and roll along, Till..the carcase-cumber'd soil Is strewn with havock of the jumping throng. 1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Souse,..to fall with violence. 1858 R. S. Surtees Ask Mamma xxix. 116 He drew a duplicate chair to the fire,..and, sousing down in it, prepared for a..chat. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022). sousev.³ Brit. /saʊs/, U.S. /saʊs/ Forms: 1500s– souse, 1500s–1700s sowse (1600s sowsse), 1600s sowze, sowce. Etymology: < souse n.³ 2. Now archaic. 1. a. intransitive. Of a hawk, etc.: To swoop down; to descend with speed and force. Frequently const. on or upon (a bird, etc.), and sometimes with down. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [verb (intransitive)] > actions of hawk, etc. mutea1475 mutessa1475 to put overa1475 feat1508 to check at the fista1529 feakc1575 souse1589 to clip it1616 embowel1618 unenterpen1647 gather1674 enterpen1736 scatter1771 the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [verb (transitive)] > actions of hawks, etc. enterpena1475 rousea1475 mutea1529 to put over1575 souse1589 hawk1825 1589 W. Warner Albions Eng. (new ed.) vi. xxxi. 139 Kinde killing Hawkes but wagge the wing, and worke to sowse anon. 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. v. 189 But sodainly..Downe soust the Eagle on the blazing wood. 1626 T. Hawkins tr. N. Caussin Holy Court I. 63 If the dogges spring some little bird, she [the hobby] sowceth vpon it. 1693 J. Dryden in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires xiv. 275 The Generous Eaglet, who is taught..to fly at Hares, and sowse on Kids. 1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad V. xvii. 765 The sacred Eagle..sowsing on the quiv'ring Hare. 1766 J. Beattie tr. J. Addison Battle Pygmies & Cranes in Poems Several Subj. 163 A fowl enormous, sousing from above, Th'impetuous champion grasp'd. 1806 J. Grahame Birds Scotl. 70 Now up she rises, and, with arrowed pinions, Impetuous souses. b. transferred and figurative of persons or things. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (intransitive)] > swoop or spring down souse1583 pounce1648 snap1648 swoop1837 1583 T. Watson Poems (1870) 103 For when he first espyde my raunging Heart, He Falcon like came sowsing from aloofe. 1590 T. Lodge Rosalynde: Euphues Golden Legacie H iv Be blythe and frolicke man, Loue sowseth as low as she soareth high. 1670 J. Dryden Almanzor ii. v As some huge Rock..So I—Would sowze upon thy Guards, and dash 'em wide. 1671 J. Dryden Evening's Love iv. 52 I love to stoop to my prey, and to have it in my power to Sowse at when I please. 1729 G. Shelvocke, Jr. tr. K. Siemienowicz Great Art Artillery v. 351 Mounted on a winged Steed..and sowsing directly upon the Monster. 1738 A. Pope One Thousand Seven Hundred & Thirty Eight Dialogue II 4 Come on then Satire! gen'ral, unconfin'd, Spread thy broad wing, and sowze on all the Kind. 1769 E. Burke Corr. (1844) I. 206 In the style of Lord Chatham's politics, to keep hovering in the air, over all parties, and to souse down where the prey may prove best. 1808 W. Scott in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Sir W. Scott (1839) I. 65 I was not permitted to open my lips without one or two old ladies..being ready at once to souse upon me. 2. transitive. a. To strike down (a bird) by a powerful swoop. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > hawking > [verb (transitive)] > to strike down souse1594 1594 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 sig. C^v How hie your Hawke did sore? And on a sodaine soust the Partridge downe. b. To swoop or pounce upon (something) in a hostile manner. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > suddenly bursta1400 to fly at, on, upon1549 sousea1616 snap1648 jump1789 to pounce on (or upon)1812 to jump on1868 raid1875 a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) v. ii. 150 The gallant Monarch..like an Eagle, o're his ayerie towres, To sowsse annoyance that comes neere his Nest. View more context for this quotation 1631 B. Jonson Divell is Asse iv. vii. 54 in Wks. II He did fly her home To mine owne window: but I think I sou [s] 't him, And rauish'd her away, out of his pownces. 1898 J. A. Gibbs Cotswold Village xii. 274 Ere the falcon ‘souses’ her prey.] This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022). souseadv.¹ Brit. /saʊs/, U.S. /saʊs/ Forms: Also 1600s–1700s souce, 1700s sowse. Etymology: < souse n.³, souse v.³ Now chiefly dialect. 1. Suddenly; without warning. ΘΚΠ the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > [adverb] > suddenly in a widden-dreamOE a sursaut1338 at a wapa1400 in a swing1487 on or upon a (or the) sudden1558 at a (orthe) sudden1562 in a sudden1562 of a sudden1570 short1579 overshort1587 on the starta1616 slap1672 swap1672 bob1673 souse1680 sharply1828 sharp1836 a-sudden1871 1680 Vindic. Conforming Clergy (ed. 2) 32 He dares not so much as lift up a Finger;..if he doth, souce, he hath him in the Chops immediately. 1728 C. Cibber Vanbrugh's Provok'd Husband i. i. 17 Then sowse! we are all set fast in a Slough. 2. With a direct and rapid course. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > [adverb] > swiftly and directly souse1690 1690 J. Dryden Amphitryon i. i. 2 He's coming down sowse upon us, and hears as far as he can see too. 1755 T. Smollett tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote II. iii. ix. 252 We shall come souse upon the kingdom of Candaya, as a saker or jerfaulcon darts down upon an heron. 3. With strong or violent impact; heavily. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > [adverb] > with violent or heavy impact rous1672 souse1694 slam1726 smashingly1884 1694 P. A. Motteux Wks. F. Rabelais (1737) iv. lxvii. 276 Vinet lent him..a swinging stoater with the Pitch-fork souce between the Neck and the Collar. 1730 E. Young Two Epist. to Pope i. 12 They..looking full on every man they meet, Run souse against his chops. 1789 ‘P. Pindar’ Expostulatory Odes ix. 29 Our world..Would rather see a fellow..from the attic story of a house Fall down souse Upon a set of cursed iron spikes. 1819 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor vii, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. II. 132 I thought it would have fallen souse on your heads before you were aware of it. 1858 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia I. v. vii. 625 Gundling comes souse upon the ice with his sitting-part. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022). souseadv.² Brit. /saʊs/, U.S. /saʊs/ Forms: Also 1700s souce, 1800s sowse. Etymology: < souse n.⁵ or souse v.¹ With a sudden or deep plunge. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [adverb] > with a plunge souse1707 plungingly1822 1707 G. Farquhar Beaux Stratagem v. 65 Now..all our fair Machine goes souse into the Sea like the Edistone. 1840 R. H. Barham Hand of Glory in Ingoldsby Legends 1st Ser. 51 Into Tappington mill-dam souse she goes. 1856 R. A. Vaughan Hours with Mystics (1860) I. vi. viii. 261 As he flounders about, out tumbles the book; he lets go his staff, and makes after it; and souse he goes, over head and ears in a twinkling. 1882 W. Ballantine Some Exper. Barrister's Life xxxiii Just as he was stepping on board, souse he went into the sea. figurative.1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure I. 5 I go souse into my personal history.1760 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy II. xii. 77 Here have you got us..souse into the middle of the old subject again.1824 in Spirit of Public Jrnls. (1825) 129 Into all sorts of subjects, both known and unknown, Mr. Hume goes what one may call souse.1872 R. Browning Fifine lxv Foiled by the very effort, sowse, Underneath ducks the soul! This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1391n.²c1500n.³1486n.⁴c1503n.⁵1741n.⁶1838v.¹1387v.²c1520v.³1583adv.¹1680adv.²1707
随便看	solelike solely solelying solembury solemn solemn as a judge solemn league and covenant solemn mass solemn-breathing solemn-browed solemn-eyed solemn-looking solemn-measured solemn-proud solemn-shaded solemn-slowly solemn-thoughted solemn-visaged solemnacy solemnation solemnbreathing solemnbrowed solemncholy solemned solemnedly

sousen.1

Compounds

sousen.2

† sousen.3

† sousen.4

sousen.5

sousen.6

sousev.1

sousev.2

sousev.3

souseadv.1

souseadv.2

sousen.¹

sousen.²

† sousen.³

† sousen.⁴

sousen.⁵

sousen.⁶

sousev.¹

sousev.²

sousev.³

souseadv.¹

souseadv.²