spendv.¹

Brit.

/spɛnd/, U.S.

/spɛnd/

Forms: Past tense and participle spent. Forms: infinitive Middle English–1600s spende (Middle English spendyn), Middle English– spend. past tense Middle English spende; Middle English spended (Middle English spendide, spendyd; ScottishMiddle English spendyt, 1500s spendit); Middle English spente, Middle English– spente. past participle Middle English i-spend, Middle English–1500s spend(e; Middle English i-spendet, Middle English spendet, Middle English spendut(te, 1500s Scottish spendit; Middle English i-spended, Middle English spendid, Middle English–1500s spendyd, spended (Middle English spendede); Middle English i-spent, 1500s y-spent, Middle English– spent (1500s spynt), Middle English–1500s spente.

Etymology: Old English *spendan (compare spendung and á- , forspendan ), < Latin expendĕre (compare Italian spendere , Spanish espender ), which was also adopted in other Germanic languages, as Old High German spendôn , spentôn (Middle High German and German spenden ), Old Saxon *spendôn (Middle Low German and Middle Dutch spenden ), Old Norse spenna . The Middle English spende , however, may also have been formed aphetically from Old French despendre dispend v.: compare spence n.¹ From the early Middle English past tense and participle a new infinitive spene v. was formed, on the analogy of such verbs as wene ween; the converse process took place in lend v.²

I. transitive.

a. Of persons: To pay out or away; to disburse or expend; to dispose of, or deprive oneself of, in this way.The object is usually money, or a particular sum of this, but occasionally a more general term denoting property or wealth, esp. in earlier use.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > spend [verb (transitive)]

aspendc885

doOE

spendc1175

spenec1175

dispendc1330

bewarec1374

bestow1377

suckc1380

unpursea1393

warea1417

stowc1440

to lay outc1449

spone1456

expend1477

expend1484

impendc1486

ware?a1513

deburse?1529

disburse1530

defray1543

unburse1570

outlay1573

to lay forth1584

sweat1592

vent1612

dispursea1616

exhaust1616

to set forth1622

waste1639

depursea1648

fence1699

douse1759

shut1797

shift1923

c1175 Moral Ode 28 in Old Eng. Hom. I. 161 Al to muchel ich habbe ispent, to litel ihud in horde.

c1280 Sarmun 25 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 4 And bot þou hit hab ispend ariȝte Þe gode þat god þe haþ ilend of ihsu criste þou lesist þe siȝt.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 171 He hise [guodes] heþ folliche y~spended.

c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 5 Lest freris ypocrisie and wynnyng be stoppid and þe peples almes betere spendid.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 17507 Þai..gaf þam giftes gret to spend.

1436 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 190 Oure money [is] spente alle to lytelle avayle.

1493 Chastysing Goddes Chyldern (de Worde) xxv. sig. Fiij/1 Riches & worshippes ben but lente, to man, for a tyme. to yelde rekeninge of hem how they ben spended.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lx. 211 To seke hym I haue spent all my golde and syluer.

1574 J. Dee in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Lit. Men (1843) (Camden) 34 I have..spent very many hundred powndes.

a1648 Ld. Herbert Life (1976) 3 After he had spent most part of his Means, he became a Soldier.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 61 The Farmer to full Bowls invites his Friends, And what he got with Pains, with Pleasure spends .

1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. ii. ii. 72 When money is spent, it is all one to the Public who spends it.

1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. ii. iii. 410 That portion of his revenue which a rich man annually spends .

1827 W. Scott Chron. Canongate iii If I lost the estate, I at least spent the price.

1894 Temple Bar 102 340 She spent his money and led him such a life.

proverbial.1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. vi. sig. I^v Soone gotten soone spent yll gotten yll spent.1548 in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) II. App. Q. 51 Evil gotten, worse spent.1555 J. Heywood Two Hundred Epigrammes with Thyrde sig. C.iv^v Lyttel good, soone spended.figurative.a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) ii. iv. 39 Sir, if you spend word for word with me, I shall make your wit bankrupt. 1669 J. Dryden Wild Gallant 1st Prol. sig. A3^v And for Wit, those that boast their own estate, Forget Fletcher and Ben before them went, Their Elder Brothers, and that vastly spent.

b. Const. with prepositions, as †about, for, in, on, or upon.

ΚΠ

a1225 Leg. Kath. 101 For hare sake ane dale ha etheold of hire ealdrene god & spende al þet oðer in neodfule & in nakede.

c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 101 On leches heo hadde i-spendet Muche del of hire guod.

c1325 in Pol. Songs (Camden) 69 He spende al is tresour opon swyvyng.

c1400 Brut clxxiii. 195 His tresoure þat he hade spendede about his werre.

c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) x. 32 Also he spende ij^d vpon him selfe.

1528 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 177 [He] says he hasse a M^l pownd to spend in the law ayenst hys Neyburus.

1578 in A. Feuillerat Documents Office of Revels Queen Elizabeth (1908) 307 For sondrey parcells by him boughte & brought into the office to be spente about the rock.

1611 Bible (King James) Isa. lv. 2 Wherefore doe yee spend money for that which is not bread?

1696 H. Prideaux Lett. (1875) 176 After all y^e interest he could make and many thousands spent in y^e canvas.

1707 E. Ward Wooden World Dissected 56 The poor Souls..are oblig'd..to spend their Pay upon the very Wine that was assign'd them.

1735 S. Johnson tr. J. Lobo Voy. Abyssinia 45 They..spent their Wealth in costly Ornaments for Churches, and Vessels for the Altars.

1883 F. M. Peard Contradictions I. 23 She spent a fortune in shoes and gloves.

1897 W. C. Hazlitt Four Generations Lit. Family II. 185 When his lordship told her that he had spent upon her enough to build the Great Eastern.

1971 Publishers' Weekly 4 Oct. 42/2 Countless people..have longed to own the Oxford dictionary and could not afford to spend $300 for it.

1977 H. Fast Immigrants 6 Anna persuaded him..to spend two dollars for a heavy jacket.

†c. To give away (a garment) in payment. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > payment > pay money or things [verb (transitive)]

yieldc893

pay?c1225

spendc1450

make1473

redd1491

to pay in1623

betall1630

to pay away1731

fund1843

spring1851

c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 157 Brynge hedyr þat pilgrym þat spendyd ȝister evyn his slaueyn at þe wyn!

1553 T. Wilson Arte Rhetorique (1580) 133 He loues women well; he will spende Goddes Coope if he had it.

1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle ii. iv. sig. Cii By the masse chil rather spend the cote that is on my backe.

†d. To levy charges on (a person). Only in the phrase spend me and defend me. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > charges > [verb (transitive)] > a person

spend1590

debit1682

tax1846

to chargea1889

1590 R. Payne Briefe Descr. Ireland (1841) 4 They haue a common saying which I am persuaded they speak vnfeinedly, which is, Defend me and spend me.

a1599 E. Spenser View State Ireland 25 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) They..are loath to yeeld any certaine Rent, but only such spendings: for their common saying is, Spend me and defend me.

†e. With dative of the person whose money is expended. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1616 B. Jonson Epicœne iv. ii, in Wks. I. 569 Shee spends me fortie pound a yeere in mercury, and hogs-bones.

1666 S. Pepys Diary 20 Feb. (1972) VII. 49 A little vexed to see myself so beset with people to spend my money.

a. absol. To exercise, make, or incur expenditure of money, goods, means, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > spend or incur expense [verb (intransitive)]

spenec1175

spend1297

to do or make (the) cost(s)c1325

costc1384

to be at charge or at charges?1542

to be at cost?1548

to spend and be spent1611

disburse1615

to lug out1684

tap1712

part1864

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 8026 Him ne roȝte hou he spende, ne wat, he was so prout.

?a1366 Romaunt Rose 1157 Not Avarice..Was half to gripe so ententyf, As Largesse is to yeve and spende.

c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 207 Þi wyif & chyld muste sparyngly..spendyn of þi euyl getyn good.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 728/1 This gere can nat laste longe, for he spendeth a pace and getteth nothyng.

1595 T. Lodge Fig for Momus H 1 b Spend on thy house, to tyle it from the raine.

1652 J. Wright tr. J.-P. Camus Nature's Paradox vi. 115 These Strangers,..spending high, and making such cheer as the others were not accustomed to see.

1862 J. Ruskin Unto this Last iv. 114 The vital question for individual and for nation is..‘to what purpose do they spend?’

1869 J. R. Lowell Under Willows 162 To spend in all things else, But of old friends to be most miserly.

proverbial.1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. v. sig. H Spend, & god shall sende,..saith thold balet.1636 R. Baker tr. Cato Variegatus 32 Tis an old saying; spend, and God will send.

b. In the phrase to spend and be spent.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > spend or incur expense [verb (intransitive)]

spenec1175

spend1297

to do or make (the) cost(s)c1325

costc1384

to be at charge or at charges?1542

to be at cost?1548

to spend and be spent1611

disburse1615

to lug out1684

tap1712

part1864

1611 Bible (King James) 2 Cor. xii. 15 And I wil very gladly spend and bee spent for you.

1694 W. Penn Brief Acct. Rise Quakers iii. 66 They could have no design to themselves in this Work, thus to expose themselves to Scorn and Abuse; to spend and be spent.

1828 T. Carlyle Burns in Edinb. Rev. Dec. 307 Counting it blessedness enough so to spend and be spent.

3. To expend or employ (labour, material, thought, etc.) in some specified way:

a. Const. on or upon.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > use or make use of [verb (transitive)] > use for specific purpose > specifically an immaterial thing

beteec1175

spenec1200

beseta1240

dispenda1400

spenda1400

expendc1440

incline?a1475

expone1527

adhibit?1538

depend1607

dispense?1624

lend1697

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 20857 It es na spede our suinc to spend, On thing we may noght bring tilend.

c1440 Pallad. on Husb. iv. 541 The plauntys sette is stonys to sustene, And donged lond vpon the rootys spende.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 6502 The tother speire, þat he sparit, [he] spent vpon hym.

1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 74 You spende your passion, on a mispris'd mood.

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. E3^v Then did Sturmius spend such infinite, and curious paines vpon Cicero the Orator.

1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ ii. vii. §1 Their great R. Abravanel, who spends his whole 13 Chapter de capite fidei upon it.

1707 E. Ward Wooden World Dissected 19 He spends a deal of puzling Thought upon his Boat's Crew.

1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (1721) I. 2 It concerns the judicious Husbandman to consider the Nature of the Land he is to spend his Time, Cost and Labour upon.

1822 C. Lamb in London Mag. Mar. 282/2 As useless as a passion spent upon the dead.

1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 163 Why do you spend many words and speak in many ways on this subject?

b. Const. in.

ΚΠ

a1300 Cursor Mundi 28493 O spusail i haf þe halines In lust al spended o my fles.

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 128 Ȝie neid not..paper for to spend nor ink, In the ressaueing of my soumes.

1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost ii. i. 19 To be counted wise, In spending your Wit in the prayse of mine.

1663 in Extracts State Papers (Friends' Hist. Soc.) (1911) 2nd Ser. 181 All the paines and cost therein spent was casting good money after bad.

1696 N. Tate & N. Brady New Version Psalms of David cii. 5 I spend my Breath in Groans.

1728 H. Pemberton View Sir I. Newton's Philos. 319 It will be necessary to spend a few words in explaining what is meant by the refraction of light.

1889 Nature 24 Oct. 613 The equivalence of the work spent in overcoming fluid.

c. With other constructions.

ΚΠ

c1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 2431 Þe byhoves acounte yhelde..how þow has spendyd þi wittes fife.

c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 224 For the better thy speche thou spende.

1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1845) xliv. 214 And thus in vaine thou hast thy labour spent.

a1529 J. Skelton Poems against Garnesche in Poet Wks. (1843) I. 131 My study myght be better spynt.

a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Knight of Malta iii. ii, in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Lllll2^v/2 My last breath cannot Be better spent, then to say I forgive you.

1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. xx. 175 I would spend my best endeavours for the helping and furthering of them.

a1763 W. King Polit. & Lit. Anecd. (1819) 154 To spend three or four whole pages to prove that this is neither Latin nor sense.

d. To express (an opinion). Now dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > state or declare [verb (transitive)] > an opinion

sayeOE

spend1688

the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > hold an opinion [verb (transitive)] > express an opinion

opinea1475

to set forward1560

opinionate1651

vend1657

spend1688

to put on (also upon) record1782

voice1850

1688 G. Miege Great French Dict. ii. sig. Rrr3^v/3 To spend his Verdict, to give his Opinion.

1902 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 19 July 209 An Ulster man will ask his medical adviser to ‘spend his opinion’ on a case.

a. To employ, occupy, use or pass (time, one's life, etc.) in or on some action, occupation, or state.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > spending time > spend time or allow time to pass [verb (transitive)] > in some activity

spenda1300

addict1604

busy1629

to put in1863

do1897

the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > occupy or engage (a person) [verb (transitive)] > engage in or busy oneself about > devote oneself to or take time for > devote (a faculty, time, etc.) to

spenda1300

givec1340

applyc1425

bend?1510

consecrate1555

divest1638

invest1837

a1300 Cursor Mundi 28259 Þe tyme þat ic in lijf has lende In idel-nes ic haue it spende.

c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Cleopatra. 650 And thus the longe day in fight they spende.

?1482 J. Kay tr. G. Caoursin Siege of Rhodes The space of .iii. yeres whiche were spended & occupyed in the conseylyng of thes werkes.

1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1845) xxxi. 150 That you your youth in ydelness wyll spende.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cxxxvij The space of two dayes followyng, was spent in Godly admonitions.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. x. xxii. 367 Thus in handling of these matters was that day spent.

1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. ii. ii. 52 Men..spending their spare-time on this Practice.

a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 140 After about half an hour spent in surveying this place.

1746 P. Francis tr. Horace in P. Francis & W. Dunkin tr. Horace Epistles i. vii. 69 Philip, whose Youth was spent in Feats of War.

1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 23 He spent his time in training horses.

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. i. iii. 23 Christophe de Beaumont, who has spent his life in persecuting hysterical Jansenists.

1859 J. M. Jephson & L. Reeve Narr. Walking Tour Brittany viii. 112 The morning..was spent in walking about Morlaix.

b. With other complements.

ΚΠ

a1400 Minor Poems from Vernon MS xxxii. 347 Þenk þenne..Hou þou hast spendet þi tyme honeste.

a1440 Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS. 19 Þan sall þou besyly thynke how þou hase spende þat day (or þat nyghte).

1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 10^v Would you haue me spend the floure of my youth, as you doe the withered rase of your age?

1621 T. W. tr. S. Goulart Wise Vieillard 46 Young men (for the most part) spend their time badly.

1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 56 They are extreamly Lazy, spending the whole day sitting on a Divan.

1715 D. Defoe Family Instructor I. i. v. 127 How do they spend the Sabbath at your Aunt's?

1799 H. More Strict. Mod. Syst. Fem. Educ. (ed. 4) I. 120 They do not scruple to allow their daughters to spend almost the whole of their time exactly like the daughters of worldly people.

1808 W. Scott in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Sir W. Scott (1837) I. i. 35 My time with him, though short, was spent greatly to my advantage.

1879 M. A. Brown tr. J. L. Runeberg Nadeschda i. 13 Many hours had been thus sweetly spent.

c. elliptical. To pass (the day, evening, etc.) in social intercourse or entertainment, or as a guest.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > social event > [verb (transitive)] > spend (time) at

spend?1697

?1697 J. Lewis Mem. Duke of Glocester (1789) 51 Mrs. Atkinson invited Lady Harriot and Lady Anne Churchill one day to dine with her, in her chamber, and spend the day.

1843 C. Dickens Christmas Carol iii. 101 The very lamp-lighter..was dressed to spend the evening somewhere.

1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin I. iii. 31 I am so glad you's come! Missis is gone to spend the afternoon.

a. To use up; to exhaust or consume by use; to wear out. In later use frequently with force, fury, etc., as object.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > using up, expending, or consuming > use up, expend, or consume [verb (transitive)]

spend1297

usea1382

costa1400

consumea1527

to make a hole (in anything)1591

absorb1686

to use up1712

expend1745

to use off1812

to get through ——1833

to go through ——1949

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 8332 Þe sarazins wiþoute wuste..Þat no maner liflode ne miȝte to hom wende; So þat þo hii adde ispend þat wiþinne was [etc.].

a1375 Lay Folks Mass-bk. App. iv. 347 Whon his parchemyn was al spende, He rauhte þe Rolle bi þe ende Wiþ his teth a-non.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 331 Þey chaungede nevere hosen and schoon, noþer cloþinge, but whan þey were i-tore or i-spend.

c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 206 & it be spendyd or wastyd, þou art noȝt bounde to restore it.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Deut. xxxii. 23 I wil heape myscheues vpon them, I wil spende all myne arowes at [1611 vpon] them.

1579 T. Lodge Protogenes 7 Did not they spende one candle by seeking another.

1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing i. i. 253 If Cupid haue not spent all his quiuer in Venice.

1633 G. Herbert Church Porch in Temple li If thou be Master-gunner, spend not all That thou canst speak, at once.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 176 The Thunder..Perhaps hath spent his shafts.

1707 J. Floyer Physician's Pulse-watch 90 A great Contention of the Mind spends the Spirits, but if it be moderate, it only spends the Humidity of the Lympha.

1757 W. Wilkie Epigoniad vii. 220 Erring from the course, In mazes wide, the rower spent his force.

1781 J. Moore View Soc. Italy (1790) I. viii. 87 Having spent their fury in the destruction of the tyrant.

1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. (at cited word) To spend all your ammunition.

1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 285 Meanwhile the war, which seemed for the moment to have spent its force in Italy, had broken out with fresh fury in Sicily.

in extended use.a1656 J. Ussher Ann. World (1658) vi. 104 Into them he put all such as he suspected for enemies at home, desiring Cambyses that he would spend them there and never send them home again.

b. To bring to a violent end; to destroy; to consume by destruction or wasting; †to disperse or dissipate; to reduce or convert into something.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)]

to bring to noughteOE

forspillc893

fordilghec900

to bring to naughtOE

astryea1200

stroyc1200

forferec1275

misdoa1325

destroyc1330

naught1340

dingc1380

beshenda1400

devoida1400

unshapea1400

to wend downa1400

brittenc1400

unloukc1400

perishc1426

defeat1435

unmake1439

lithc1450

spend1481

kill1530

to shend ofc1540

quade1565

to make away1566

discreate1570

wrake1570

wracka1586

unwork1587

gaster1609

defease1621

unbe1624

uncreate1633

destructa1638

naufragate1648

stifle1725

stramash1788

disannul1794

destructify1841

locust1868

to knock out1944

dick1972

the world > life > death > killing > slaughter > [verb (transitive)]

to bathe in bloodc1300

murderc1325

to make larder ofa1330

spend1481

to lick upa1500

slaught1535

butcher1562

wipe1577

slaughter1586

massacre1588

dispeople1596

shamble1601

depeople?1611

mow1615

internecate1623

dislaughter1661

mop1899

pogrom1915

decimate1944

overkill1946

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (transitive)] > dismantle and disperse widely

spend1481

the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > transform [verb (transitive)]

wendOE

forshapeOE

workOE

awendOE

makec1175

turna1200

forwenda1325

change1340

shape1362

transmewc1374

transposec1380

puta1382

convertc1384

exchangea1400

remue?a1400

makea1425

reduce?a1425

removec1425

resolvea1450

transvertc1450

overchangec1480

mew1512

transmutea1513

wring1524

reduct1548

transform1556

innovate1561

metamorphose1576

transume1579

metamorphize1587

transmove1590

transchangea1599

transfashion1601

deflect1613

fordo1624

entail1628

transmutate1632

distila1637

to make much (also little, something, nothing, etc.) of1637

transqualify1652

unconvert1654

simulate1658

spend1668

transverse1687

hocus-pocus1774

mutate1796

fancy1801

to change around1871

metamorphosize1888

catalyse1944

morph1996

1481 in H. E. Malden Cely Papers (1900) 80 Aull the whowlschypys ar cwm to Calles savyng vij, qwher of ij be spente.

a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) l. 1910 Tho men of armes theder went, Anon they had theyre hors spent, Her guttys oute she Rave.

c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. xlix^v/2 The saide william W. occupyed the Sayde shyppe and spent her att Caleys in soo moche that alle the Gables sayles, And other takell..he solde them at caleis.

1570 R. Sempill Spur to Lordis (single sheet) On the countrie of Scotland..Thair is na mendis..With speid till thay be spendit.

1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) i. xvii. 47 Each branch..being again divided into other lesser ones, they are at last spent into Veins and Arteries as smal as Hairs.

1672 H. Savile True Relation Engagem. with Dutch Fleet 6 A Fireship [was] taken, and we forced them to Spend most of the rest.

1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxiv. 81 When a plague so deadly..Spent that slender city.

†c. Of emotion, action, etc.: To deprive (a person) of energy, strength, or resources; to exhaust or wear out. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > weary or exhaust [verb (transitive)]

wearyc897

tirea1000

travailc1300

forwearya1325

taryc1375

tarc1440

matec1450

break1483

labour1496

overwearya1500

wear?1507

to wear out, forth1525

fatigate1535

stress1540

overtire1558

forwaste1563

to tire out1563

overwear1578

spend1582

out-tire1596

outwear1596

outweary1596

overspend1596

to toil out1596

attediate1603

bejade1620

lassate1623

harassa1626

overtask1628

tax1672

hag1674

trash1685

hatter1687

overtax1692

fatigue1693

to knock up1740

tire to death1740

overfatigue1741

fag1774

outdo1776

to do over1789

to use up1790

jade1798

overdo1817

frazzlea1825

worry1828

to sew up1837

to wear to death1840

to take it (also a lot, too much, etc.) out of (a person)1847

gruel1850

to stump up1853

exhaust1860

finish1864

peter1869

knacker1886

grind1887

tew1893

crease1925

poop1931

raddle1951

1582 T. Watson Ἑκατομπαθία: Passionate Cent. Loue xix. 55 I whom Loue hath spent.

1616 J. Lane Contin. Squire's Tale viii. 30 Tell him I will auxiliaries send him, gainst warrs all difficulties, whiche maie spende him.

1669 J. Flavell Husbandry Spiritualized Proem 9 It spends a Minister to preach, but more to be silent.

d. reflexive. Of persons or things: To exhaust or wear out (oneself or itself); to become incapable of further activity; to cease to operate.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ceasing > cease activity [verb (reflexive)]

stay1560

spend1594

muzzle1660

to run out1845

to pull up1861

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > weary or exhaust [verb (reflexive)]

strain1377

overwork1530

overtire1558

toil1560

spend1594

overtask1628

waste1630

unbowel1647

to run off one's legs (also feet)1666

overexert1817

muck1819

tew1825

overdo1858

to burn out, forth1955

(a)

1594 C. Marlowe & T. Nashe Dido i. i Here is this bush..will I stand, Whiles my Aeneas spends himself in plaints.

1613 T. Heywood Brazen Age ii. ii, in Wks. (1874) III. 208 Why should we..spend ourselues on accidentall wrongs?

1658 T. Langley Let. 19 Sept. in Coll. State Papers J. Thurloe (1742) VII. 403 They [sc. Quakers] cry out soe loude in their preachings, that they..spend themselves extreemly.

1718 Mem. Life J. Kettlewell i. xx. 44 He spending himself..in his Labours of Love.

1823 M. M. Sherwood Henry Milner (ed. 2) iii. vii Suppose you go and spend yourself with a run,..and then we will have some discourse.

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. iv. viii. 255 Man after man spends himself in this cause.

1868 J. T. Nettleship Ess. Browning's Poetry vi. 233 He never rested until he had spent himself in asserting those claims.

(b)1663 S. Patrick Parable of Pilgrim (1687) xxiii. 236 This voice was intercepted by a new passion like to the former, though it was not long before it had spent it self.1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. iii. 155 Camphire, which spends itself by continually Effluviating its own component Particles.1705 J. Collier Ess. Moral Subj.: Pt. III i. 25 For Torment like a Storm spends it self, and is destroy'd by its own Force.1777 J. Priestley Disquis. Matter & Spirit p. xv The popular clamour may have spent itself.a1800 W. Cowper Yardley-Oak in W. Hayley Life & Posthumous Writings Cowper (1804) III. 412 Thought cannot spend itself, comparing still The great and little of thy lot.

a. To suffer the loss of (blood, life, etc.); to allow to be shed or spilt.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > loss > lose [verb (transitive)] > lose blood or life

spendc1400

a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xx. 1 Swa that..he spend noght his preciouse blode in vayn on vs.]

c1400 Rom. Rose 5440 Wenyng with hym they wolde abide..And also for hem to spende her bloode.

1516 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1875) XII. 37/2 For conservacioun of quhais persoun we are determit to spend oure Livis.

1553 R. Eden in tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India Ded. sig. aaiiij Knowing that whereas one death is dewe to nature, the same is more honourably spent in such attemptes as may be to the glorye of God.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Richard III (1623) i. iii. 125 To royalize his blood, I spent [1597 spilt] mine owne.

1751 Affecting Narr. H.M.S. Wager 53 They..would still spend their Lives for his Defence.

1868 J. T. Nettleship Ess. Browning's Poetry vi. 158 Money which they had spent no sweat to obtain.

†b. Nautical. To lose or incur the loss of (a mast, yard, sail, etc.) through bad weather or by some accident. Obsolete. (Frequently in the 17th cent.)

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > shipwreck > cause to suffer shipwreck [verb (transitive)] > lose (spars, sails, or rigging)

spend1581

1581 A. Hall tr. Homer 10 Bks. Iliades ii. 22 Our saile yards rotten, our masts yspent [Fr. Les Mastz pourriz].

1591 Honourable Actions E. Glemham Cij In which storme he spent his Maine Mast, which had beene before fysht.

1665 Oxf. Gaz. No. 14/3 She was much beaten at Sea by storm, having spent her Main-mast and Fore-mast.

1685 N. Boteler Six Dialogues Sea-services 164 When a Mast or Yard is broken down by foul Weather, or any other accident, the Sea-word is, the Mast or Yard is spent.

1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 5th Bk. Wks. xviii. 79 Lest we should spend our Topsails.

a. To use for food or drink; to consume in this way; to eat or drink.Common from c1550 to c1700, frequently with the addition in one's house or family; now dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > [verb (transitive)]

brookc950

abiteOE

haveOE

afangOE

takec1175

notea1200

usec1300

spendc1380

consumec1400

partake1602

pree1680

discuss1751

tuck1784

to put down1795

to be (also go) at the ——1796

go1830

kill1833

to put away1839

down1852

to put over1880

to wrap (oneself) (a)round1880

shift1896

c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 217 God made alle goode mete & drynke couenable for men schulden spende it & lyue þer-by.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 13410 Þe good drynke shulde furst spende [Fairf. dispende] And þe weiker at þe ende.

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail lvi. l. 74 Of Cornes ȝe haven..gret plente, More thanne be ȝoure howshold spendid schal be.

1468 Cov. Leet Bk. 338 Hit is ordeyned þat no house~holder frohensfurth bye no more butter þen he well spend in his owne house.

1551 R. Ascham Let. in Wks. (1865) I. ii. 257 Isles..so full of walnut trees that they cannot be spent with eating, but they make oile of them.

1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) ii. vi. 170/1 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I Malt..feedeth vpon the hop,..which being extinguished the drinke must be spent or else it dieth.

1657 A. Sparrow Rationale Bk. Common Prayer (1661) 279 If any of the Bread And Wine remain,..if consecrated, it is all to be spent..by the Communicants.

1670 J. Smith England's Improvem. Reviv'd 190 Houses for keeping Pheasants, Partidges, and other Fowl to be spent in the Family, or sold at Markets.

1719 G. London & H. Wise J. de la Quintinie's Compl. Gard'ner (ed. 7) 44 So great a quantity of Fruit..that 'twill be all we can do to spend them before the Rottenness..surprizes them.

1736 W. Ellis London & Country Brewer II. x. 71 For Beer or Ale that is to be spent presently, two, three, or four, to eight Bushels will suffice.

a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) (at cited word) We spend so much meat, flour, cheese, etc. in our family weekly.

absolute.c1440 Pallad. on Husb. iv. 404 Or let a tonne of barly hem comprende Vchon from other; close hit til thou spende.1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 204 Thairfoir sic [good fare] as thow seis, spend on, and not spair.

†b. To serve, serve up (a dish, food, etc.). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > serving food > [verb (transitive)]

servec1275

spenda1375

serve1381

to serve forth1381

ministerc1400

messa1425

sewc1440

to serve ina1450

to serve upc1475

asservec1500

dish1587

appose1593

to usher in1613

send1662

to hand round1692

to serve away1709

hand1851

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 4324 Þann were spacli spices spended al a-boute, fulsumli at þe ful to eche freke þer-inne.

a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 31 Make hit þyke inowghe þenne, Whenne þou hit spendes byfore gode menne.

c. Agriculture. To use (a crop, hay, etc.) as food or fodder for cattle; to eat off.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > harvest (a crop) [verb (transitive)] > eat off crop

to eat off1733

spend1733

verdage1778

to fold off1794

hog1845

1733 J. Tull Horse-hoing Husbandry x. 48 There are now Three Manners of Spending Turneps with Sheep.

1764 Museum Rusticum 2 lix. 171 When I sow vetches before wheat, I always, in the spending my crop, have regard to the condition of my land.

1789 T. Wright Acct. Advantages & Method Watering Meadows 1 The Farmer..has an hundred Tons of Hay to carry off and spend upon his other Grounds.

1823 E. Moor Suffolk Words (at cited word) To spend all the stover, straw, and turnips on the land.

8. To make use of; to use or employ. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > use or make use of [verb (transitive)]

noteOE

take?a1160

turnc1175

usec1300

to fare witha1340

benote1340

spenda1400

usea1400

weara1400

naitc1400

occupy1423

to put (also set) in work?a1425

practise?c1430

apply1439

employ?1473

to call upon ——1477

help1489

tew1489

handle1509

exercise1526

improvea1529

serve1538

feed1540

enure1549

to make (also take) (a) use of1579

wield1601

adoperate1612

to avail oneself ofa1616

prevail1617

to make practice of1623

ploy1675

occasion1698

to call on ——1721

subserve1811

nuse1851

utilize1860

a1400–50 Alexander 2458 Sparrethis spetous to spend & speris in handis.

c1450 Urbanitatis (Calig. A.ii) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 15 In chambur among ladyes bryȝth, Kepe þy tonge & spende þy syȝth.

1569 G. Campion in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1599) II. i. 117 The oiles which we do spend in England for our cloth, are brought out of Spaine.

1621 in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1618–21 (1906) 259 In other places yt [i.e. coral] ys much spent to burne with the dead.

c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1641 (1955) II. 76 A Light-horse-man (as they call it) taking us in, we spent our tide as far as Greene-Wich.

1697 J. Pollexfen Disc. Trade & Coyn 129 If it be considered that all persons of all degrees, did wear, or spend, some of those Commodities.

1845 R. Browning Time's Revenges in Bells & Pomegranates No. VII: Dramatic Romances & Lyrics 47 You shall see how the Devil spends A fire God gave for other ends!

a. To expend or employ (speech or language); to utter or emit (a word, sound, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > speak, say, or utter [verb (transitive)]

speakc825

queatheOE

forthdoc900

i-seggenc900

sayeOE

speak971

meleOE

quidOE

spella1000

forthbringc1000

givec1175

warpa1225

mootc1225

i-schirea1250

upbringa1250

outsay?c1250

spilec1275

talec1275

wisea1300

crackc1315

nevena1325

cast1330

rehearsec1330

roundc1330

spend1362

carpa1375

sermona1382

to speak outc1384

usea1387

minc1390

pronouncea1393

lancec1400

mellc1400

nurnc1400

slingc1400

tellc1400

wordc1400

yelpc1400

worka1425

utterc1444

outspeakc1449

yielda1450

arecchec1460

roose?a1475

cutc1525

to come forth with1532

bubble1536

prolate1542

report1548

prolocute1570

bespeak1579

wield1581

upbraid1587

up with (also mid) ——1594

name1595

upbrayc1600

discoursea1616

tonguea1616

to bring out1665

voice1665

emit1753

lip1789

to out with1802

pitch1811

go1836

to open one's head1843

vocabulize1861

shoot1915

verbal1920

be1982

1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. viii. 50 Ac he þat spendeþ his speche and spekeþ for þe pore.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 410 If I spende no speche, þenne spedeȝ þou þe better.

1508 W. Dunbar Goldyn Targe (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems (1998) I. 192 I knaw quhat thou of rethorike may spent.

1576 G. Gascoigne Complaynt of Phylomene in Steele Glas sig. K.iiii The piteous pleasant notes, Which Phylomene, doth darkely spend in spring.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) ii. v. 38 I may embrace his Neck, And in his Bosome spend my latter gaspe.

1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts ii. 20 However, the false pretenders unto wisedome, are ready..to spend their censures thus injuriously.

†b. to spend the mouth, to spend the tongue, etc. Of hunting dogs: To bark or give tongue on finding or seeing the game. Also figurative. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > hound > [verb (intransitive)] > make sound

openc1425

cry1486

yearn1523

chant1573

babble1575

to lead chawle1589

to spend the mouth1590

spend1602

to give tongue1737

to throw (its) tongue1742

speak1826

tongue1832

to give mouth1854

1590 T. Cokayne Treat. Hunting D ij b He will vent so oft, and put vp ouer water, at which time the houndes will spend their mouthes verie lustely.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) ii. iv. 70.

a1627 H. Shirley Martyr'd Souldier (1638) iii. sig. D4 A packe of the bravest Spartan Dogges in the world; if they do but once open, and spend there Gabble, gabble, gabble it will make the Forrest ecchoe.

1657 R. Ligon True Hist. Barbados 3 The onely difference I finde is, these doe not spend their mouthes, but what they want in that is supplyed by the goodnesse of their noses.

1682 N. O. tr. N. Boileau-Despréaux Lutrin iv. 228 Nor was it Reason that the gutted Fops Should spend their Tongues, who could not use their Chops.

†c. absol. = 9b. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > hound > [verb (intransitive)] > make sound

openc1425

cry1486

yearn1523

chant1573

babble1575

to lead chawle1589

to spend the mouth1590

spend1602

to give tongue1737

to throw (its) tongue1742

speak1826

tongue1832

to give mouth1854

1602 2nd Pt. Returne fr. Parnassus ii. v. 826 Hunters luck Sir, but there was a fault in your Hounds that did not spend well.

1647 J. Cleveland Poems in Char. London-diurnall (Wing C4662) 17 The Ven'sons now in view, our Hounds spend deeper.

1672 R. Wild Poetica Licentia in Let. Declar. Liberty Conscience 39 Hanging 's the end By Huntsmen's Rule, of Hounds that will not spend.

1736 Compl. Family-piece ii. i. 210 Then draw with more Care, checking your Hound, lest he spends when he comes so near as to have him in the Wind.

figurative.1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) ii. §3 For then reason like a bad hound spends upon a false sent. 1682 S. Pordage Medal Revers'd 233 Let the hot Tories, and their Poet Curse, They spend in vain, and you are ne'r the worse.

d. To allow or cause to flow; to shed.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > liquid which has been emitted > action or process of emitting copiously > emit copiously [verb (transitive)]

outyeta1400

effundc1420

shed1430

diffude?a1475

skail1513

effuse1526

diffuse1541

flow1550

outwell1590

spend1602

pour1604

exfuse1612

effude1634

profund1657

efflux1669

profuse1771

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > emit > copiously > in or as in a stream

runeOE

ayetOE

yetOE

hieldc1200

pourc1330

bleed1377

spouta1398

wella1398

outyeta1400

wellc1400

effundc1420

streama1425

shed1430

diffude?a1475

skail1513

peera1522

effuse1526

diffuse1541

flow1550

gusha1555

outpoura1560

brew1581

outwell1590

spend1602

spin1610

exfuse1612

guttera1618

effude1634

disembogue1641

profund1657

efflux1669

decant1742

profuse1771

sluice1859

1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge i. v. sig. C2^v If hee is guiltlesse, why should teares be spent?

1697 Philos. Trans. 1695–7 (Royal Soc.) 19 373 Whether any part of the Tree (as Body, Root, or Branch) will spend it [i.e. gum] being purposely Wounded.

1820 W. Scott Monastery III. i. 21 And you, Sir Knight, think better of us than to suppose you may spend Scottish blood, and reckon for it as for wine spilt in a drunken revel.

10.

a. To consume, employ, use superfluously, wastefully, or with undue lavishness; to waste or squander; to throw away.In some instances the sense is conveyed by the addition of in vain, to no purpose, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > misuse > [verb (transitive)] > waste

spilla1000

scatter1154

aspilla1250

rospa1325

waste1340

spend1390

consumec1425

waste1474

miswenda1500

forsumea1510

to cast away1530

to throw away1561

embezzle1578

squander1593

palter1595

profuse1611

squander1611

ravel1614

sport1622

to fool away1628

to stream out1628

to fribble away1633

sweal1655

frisk1665

to fiddle away1667

wantonize1673

slattera1681

swattle1681

drivel1686

swatter1690

to muddle away1707

squander1717

sot1746

slattern1747

meisle1808

fritter1820

waster1821

slobber1837

to cut to waste1863

fringe1863

potter1883

putter1911

profligate1938

to piddle away1942

haemorrhage1978

spaff2002

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 395 Many on..Whiche after felle in gret desese Thurgh wast of love, that thei spente.

1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1845) xxxi. 154 Wo worth love that I do spend in wast.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 728/1 I spende, as men..wastyth any thyng in vayne, je consume.

1590 J. Smythe Certain Disc. Weapons 22 Wherby it commeth to passe, that such quick and hastie Harquebuziers, doo worke no other effect but spend powder, match & shot.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) ii. iii. 188 What's the matter That you vnlace your reputation thus, And spend your rich opinion, for the name Of a night brawler?

1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 61 The impatient horses..do spend before the race thousand and thousand steppes to no purpose.

1827 W. Scott Highland Widow in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. I. xii. 239 I am a fool..to spend my words upon an idle..unintelligent boy.

1885 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ At Bay xi. 172 The horror and disgust of the creature on whom you spent your life!

b. To waste (time).

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > spending time > spend time or allow time to pass [verb (transitive)] > waste time

leese?c1225

losea1340

defer1382

wastea1400

slip1435

consumea1500

superexpend1513

slow?1522

sloth1523

to fode forth1525

slack1548

dree1584

sleuth1584

confound1598

spenda1604

to fret out1608

to spin out1608

misplace1609

spend1614

tavern1628

devast1632

to drill away, on, outa1656

dulla1682

to dally away1685

squander1693

to linger awaya1704

dangle1727

dawdle1768

slim1812

diddle1826

to run out the clock1957

a1604 M. Hanmer Chron. Ireland 62 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) Brother Lazerianus (saith he) let us not spend time, neither trouble this people with this tedious question.

1658–9 Sir R. Temple in T. Burton Diary (1828) IV. 44 I am sorry this has spent your time. I do not see what fruit you will have by recommitting it, unless to spend as much more of your time.

1720 J. Clarke Ess. Educ. Youth 27 Those vain Amusements that have been found out to make Boys spend their Time at School.

11. To allow (time, one's life, etc.) to pass or go by; to live or stay through (a certain period) to the end. Cf. sense 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > spending time > spend time or allow time to pass [verb (transitive)]

overdoOE

adreeOE

wreaka1300

to draw forthc1300

dispend1340

pass1340

drivea1375

wastec1381

occupyc1384

overpassa1387

to pass over ——a1393

usec1400

spend1423

contrive?a1475

overdrive1487

consumea1500

to pass forth1509

to drive off1517

lead1523

to ride out1529

to wear out, forth1530

to pass away?1550

to put offc1550

shiftc1562

to tire out1563

wear1567

to drive out1570

entertainc1570

expire1589

tire1589

outwear1590

to see out1590

outrun1592

outgo1595

overshoot1597

to pass out1603

fleeta1616

elapse1654

term1654

trickle1657

to put over1679

absorb1686

spin1696

exercise1711

kill1728

to get through ——1748

to get over ——1751

tickc1870

fill1875

1423 Acts Privy Counc. III. 90 His forsayd retenu..continued fro yere to yere unto four yer was nere spendid and passid.

c1440 Pallad. on Husb. xii. 501 Tho iij dayes spende, They vessel hit.

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 110 Remember thow hes compt to mak Off all thi tyme thow spendit heir.

1565 T. Stapleton tr. Bede Hist. Church Eng. f. 191^v Spending all the daies of my life, in the mansion of the same monastery.

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 12 I spent this winter at Leipzig.

a1648 Ld. Herbert Life (1976) 4 His Son..went to the Low Country Wars, and after some time spent there, came home.

1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. i. i. 4 If you and Dion wou'd spend a Week at my House.

1785 W. Cowper Task i. 547 And now she roams The dreary waste; there spends the livelong day.

1854 Ld. Houghton Let. 26 Oct. in T. W. Reid Life Ld. Houghton (1890) I. xi. 498 I have been spending six weeks in Ireland.

1886 C. E. Pascoe London of To-day (ed. 3) xx. 199 A journey into the country affords perhaps the most rational and pleasant way of spending Sunday.

†12.

a. To cause or involve expenditure of (something). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > using up, expending, or consuming > use up, expend, or consume [verb (transitive)] > cause or involve expenditure or consumption

take1556

to take upa1616

spend1616

1616 Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 248 The putting off of the arraignments spent much money.

a1690 S. Jeake Λογιστικηλογία (1696) 451 5 Guns in 2 Days spend 60 Barrels of Powder.

1703 R. Neve City & Countrey Purchaser 276 A great Covering with these spends but little Mortar..and but little time in laying.

b. To occupy, take up, or waste (time). †Also with double object.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > spending time > spend time or allow time to pass [verb (transitive)] > waste time

leese?c1225

losea1340

defer1382

wastea1400

slip1435

consumea1500

superexpend1513

slow?1522

sloth1523

to fode forth1525

slack1548

dree1584

sleuth1584

confound1598

spenda1604

to fret out1608

to spin out1608

misplace1609

spend1614

tavern1628

devast1632

to drill away, on, outa1656

dulla1682

to dally away1685

squander1693

to linger awaya1704

dangle1727

dawdle1768

slim1812

diddle1826

to run out the clock1957

1614 J. Donne Lett. (1651) 172 It spent me so little time after your going, that..I might have overtaken you.

a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1958) IX. 47 That earth and that heaven, which spent God himselfe..six days in finishing.

a1649 J. Winthrop Hist. New Eng. (1825) (modernized text) I. 140 The main business, which spent the most time,..was about the removal of Newtown.

13. Const. with adverbs, as away, out, up, in various senses.

ΚΠ

1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in Wks. 609/2 Therin he spendeth vp that Chapiter.

1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 16^v Some ther bee, that in lyngreyng & drivyng foorth..spenden out all their life.

1576 A. Fleming tr. C. Longolius in Panoplie Epist. 405 I was fully determined..to haue spent away the tedious time, in some talke.

1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall ii. f. 157^v The Cornish forces..encamped themselues on the greene,..and there spent out the night.

1650 J. Trapp Clavis to Bible (Deut. xxxii. 23) 150 I will spend mine arrowes. Which yet cannot be all spent up.

1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lxvii. 616 She..reproached herself for having flung away such a treasure. It was gone indeed. William had spent it all out.

II. intransitive.

†14. Of time, the season, etc.: To pass, elapse. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > [verb (intransitive)]

overgoeOE

agoeOE

goOE

forthgoOE

runOE

overdrivea1275

farea1325

overmetea1325

walka1325

passc1330

slidec1374

yern1377

to pass overa1382

wastec1385

waive1390

to pass awaya1400

overseyc1400

drive?c1450

to drive ona1470

slevea1510

to roll awaya1522

to roll overa1522

to wear out, forth1525

flit1574

to pass on1574

to run on1578

overhie1582

wear1597

overslip1607

spend1607

travel1609

to go bya1616

elapsea1644

to come round1650

efflux1660

to roll round1684

lapse1702

roll1731

to roll around1769

to roll by1790

transpire1824

to come around1829

tide1835

elabe1837

tick1937

1607 S. Collins Serm. Paules-Crosse 11 To finish this, because the time spendeth so fast.

c1614 W. Mure tr. Virgil Dido & Æneas ii. in Wks. (1898) I. 246 Before the palace all the cowrt attends The Queen's aryvall, whil the morning spends.

1681 R. Knox Hist. Relation Ceylon 120 The time and season of the year spending for the ship to proceed on her voyage.

†15.

a. To be consumed, dispersed, exhausted, or used up; to pass off or away. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > using up, expending, or consuming > be used up or consumed [verb (intransitive)]

spend1626

wear1931

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §129 The Sound spendeth, and is dissipated in the Open Aire.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §622 The Vines..are so often cut, and so much digged and dressed, that their Sap spendeth into the Grapes.

1643 J. Steer tr. Fabricius Exper. Chyrurg. vi. 25 He shall diligently take notice how the blacknesse of the powder spendeth away.

1704 N. N. tr. T. Boccalini Advts. from Parnassus III. 247 [They] never thought it worth their while to examine how the Oil spent, or the Taper burn'd.

†b. Of a storm: To die down, exhaust its force or fury. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > fine weather > [verb (intransitive)] > become calm (of weather or the elements) > abate (of storm)

scarce1390

overblowa1393

vail1606

spend1678

1678 H. Vaughan Thalia Rediviva 63 Giving the tempest time to spend.

c. To ejaculate; to have an orgasm. slang.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > engage in sexual activity [verb (intransitive)] > ejaculate

untap1622

spend1662

discharge1683

shoot1879

to get one's nuts offc1932

to get one's rocks off1948

pop1958

spaff1999

1662 S. Pepys Diary 7 Sept. (1970) III. 191 I went up to her and played and talked with her and, God forgive me, did feel her; which I am much ashamed of, but I did no more, though I had so much a mind to it that I spent in my breeches.

1714 Cabinet of Love 19 in Earl of Rochester & Earl of Roscommon Wks. (ed. 4) II For at one instant both together spent.

1763 J. Wilkes & T. Potter Ess. on Woman Oft when we spend we propagate unknown.

1868 tr. Martial Index Expurgatorius 1 When you say, Hedylus, ‘I shall spend, finish if you mean to finish’, my flame languishes.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xviii. [Penelope] 705 He made me spend the 2nd time tickling me behind with his finger.

1980 R. L. Duncan Brimstone vii. 163 He felt himself spending at the very moment she contracted around him.

16.

a. Of foodstuffs, wheat, hay, etc.: To turn out or prove in use to be of a certain quality; to last or hold out well. Now dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > be in use or called into use [verb (intransitive)] > prove in use to be of a certain quality

spend1680

the world > food and drink > food > qualities of food > [verb (intransitive)] > keep well or last

spenda1855

1680 W. Temple Ess. Advancem. Trade Ireland in Wks. (1720) I. 115 They had observed [that] it [i.e. butter] spent as if it came from the richest Soil of the two.

1688 G. Miege Great French Dict. ii. sig. Rrr3^v/2 Meat that spends well.

1763 Museum Rusticum (1764) 1 156 It [wheat] was sold in the public markets, and declared..to spend as well as if it had been of the last year's growth.

1764 Museum Rusticum 2 210 Yet did this hay spend as well as if it had been got in never so favourably.

a1855 W. T. Spurdens Forby's Vocab. E. Anglia (1858) III. 47 ‘The meal spends well’, i.e. it holds out well; lasts long.

b. dialect. To produce or yield (well).

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > productiveness > be productive [verb (intransitive)]

yield1297

fruit1377

seeda1398

germ1483

buddle1581

fructuate1663

seminate1676

teem1746

spend1854

to lift well1959

1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 272 Corn that yields well is said to spend well.

1893 G. E. Dartnell & E. H. Goddard Gloss. Words Wilts. 152 How do your taters spend to-year?

17. Of a liquid: To flow or run. ? Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > flow [verb (intransitive)]

runeOE

flowa1000

fledec1175

farea1325

yern1340

fleamc1465

coursea1533

cool1545

roll1697

spend1735

1735 Dict. Polygraph. I. S 4 White-lead;..let it be as stiff as it well can be to spend well from the pencil.

1742 W. Ellis London & Country Brewer (ed. 4) I. 28 Taking particular Care..to return two, three, or more Hand-bowls of Wort into the Mash-tub, that first of all runs off, till it comes absolutely fine and clear, and then it may spend away, or run off for good.

1811 J. Parkins Young Man's Best Compan. 535 Fustic..spends with or without salts.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	spend
释义	spendn.¹ Brit. /spɛnd/, U.S. /spɛnd/ Etymology: < spend v.¹ 1. a. The action of spending money; the amount spent. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > [noun] spendingc1000 spening1297 dispensec1320 costc1325 dispendingc1340 dispensationa1387 expense1393 depance1450 waringc1480 spensea1538 bestowing?1542 expending1545 defrayment1547 dispensing1548 disbursing1564 disbursal1589 debursing1598 disbursementa1599 disburse1608 depursement1636 debursement1650 dispension1658 spenda1688 disbursage1721 finances1730 expenditure1769 outlay1798 dispenditure1857 a1688 J. Bunyan Israel's Hope Encouraged in Wks. (1855) I. 618 What if I cannot but live upon the spend all my days, yet, if my friend will always supply my need, is it not well for me? c1800 J. Newton in R. Cecil Life (1853) 169 A man always in society, is one always on the spend. 1904 Sat. Rev. 17 Dec. 751 The suggestion that the Government is ‘on the spend’. 1976 Computers in Higher Education & Research: Next Decade (Dept. Educ. & Sci.) 22 About £21 million should be spent for universities on new machines, buildings and operating costs..with a spend of about £10 million for research councils for similar purposes. 1982 ICL News Oct. 4/1 On the hardware side customer spends are relatively high—typically around £3 million for an installation. 1983 Observer 16 Jan. 8/4 The battle for advertising spend. b. elliptical for ‘spending money’. Frequently in plural. colloquial and dialect (chiefly northern). ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > funds or pecuniary resources > [noun] > set apart for a purpose > spending- or pocket-money spending-silver1377 dispense1382 dispending1487 spending-money1598 pocket money1625 pin money1702 pocket allowance1726 Saturday pennya1854 spense1886 spend1970 1970 Guardian 9 Dec. 9/2 I can remember when Lancashire children..turned over their unopened wage packet to Mum, who gave them back very modest ‘spends’. 1976 West Lancs. Evening Gaz. 13 Dec. 6/2 What do other OAPs get for ‘spends’. 1977 P. Carter Under Goliath xxiii. 127 Nearly everyone I knew got their spends on Friday night so they would all be at the pictures. †2. Obsolete slang. Semen, vaginal secretion; ejaculation. Cf. spend v.¹ 15c. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > secretion > vaginal secretion > [noun] spend1879 come1967 the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > reproductive substances or cells > [noun] > sperm > semen > ejaculated butterc1618 spend1879 ejaculate1927 1879–80 Pearl (1970) 13 I felt her crack deluged with a warm, creamy spend whilst my own juice spurted..in loving sympathy. 1879–80 Pearl (1970) 217 You dissembling, bleeding, rotten..lump of shit, rubbed over with a little spend. c1890 My Secret Life III. 143 I could always go on pushing after a spend in those days, my prick would not loose its stiffness for minutes afterwards. 1891 Simple Tale of Suzan Aked (1898) iii. 100 Then, of course, not a drop of spend can get into me, because it is all caught by the letter. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022). spendn.² Etymology: < spend v.³ Scottish. A spring, leap, bound. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > leaping, springing, or jumping > [noun] > a leap, spring, or jump leapOE startc1330 saulta1350 lope14.. launchc1440 sprenting?a1475 loup1487 springa1500 stenda1500 benda1522 sprenta1522 bounce1523 jump1552 sally1589 rise1600 bound1667 vault1728 sprinta1800 spang1817 spend1825 upleap1876 sprit1880 bunny hop1950 bunny-hop1969 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Spend, a spring, a bound. 1828 D. M. Moir Life Mansie Wauch xix. 277 Making a spend like a greyhound. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online June 2021). spendv.¹ Brit. /spɛnd/, U.S. /spɛnd/ Forms: Past tense and participle spent. Forms: infinitive Middle English–1600s spende (Middle English spendyn), Middle English– spend. past tense Middle English spende; Middle English spended (Middle English spendide, spendyd; ScottishMiddle English spendyt, 1500s spendit); Middle English spente, Middle English– spente. past participle Middle English i-spend, Middle English–1500s spend(e; Middle English i-spendet, Middle English spendet, Middle English spendut(te, 1500s Scottish spendit; Middle English i-spended, Middle English spendid, Middle English–1500s spendyd, spended (Middle English spendede); Middle English i-spent, 1500s y-spent, Middle English– spent (1500s spynt), Middle English–1500s spente. Etymology: Old English spendan (compare spendung* and á- , forspendan ), < Latin expendĕre (compare Italian spendere , Spanish espender ), which was also adopted in other Germanic languages, as Old High German spendôn , spentôn (Middle High German and German spenden ), Old Saxon spendôn (Middle Low German and Middle Dutch spenden* ), Old Norse spenna . The Middle English spende , however, may also have been formed aphetically from Old French despendre dispend v.: compare spence n.¹ From the early Middle English past tense and participle a new infinitive spene v. was formed, on the analogy of such verbs as wene ween; the converse process took place in lend v.² I. transitive. 1. a. Of persons: To pay out or away; to disburse or expend; to dispose of, or deprive oneself of, in this way.The object is usually money, or a particular sum of this, but occasionally a more general term denoting property or wealth, esp. in earlier use. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > spend [verb (transitive)] aspendc885 doOE spendc1175 spenec1175 dispendc1330 bewarec1374 bestow1377 suckc1380 unpursea1393 warea1417 stowc1440 to lay outc1449 spone1456 expend1477 expend1484 impendc1486 ware?a1513 deburse?1529 disburse1530 defray1543 unburse1570 outlay1573 to lay forth1584 sweat1592 vent1612 dispursea1616 exhaust1616 to set forth1622 waste1639 depursea1648 fence1699 douse1759 shut1797 shift1923 c1175 Moral Ode 28 in Old Eng. Hom. I. 161 Al to muchel ich habbe ispent, to litel ihud in horde. c1280 Sarmun 25 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 4 And bot þou hit hab ispend ariȝte Þe gode þat god þe haþ ilend of ihsu criste þou lesist þe siȝt. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 171 He hise [guodes] heþ folliche y~spended. c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 5 Lest freris ypocrisie and wynnyng be stoppid and þe peples almes betere spendid. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 17507 Þai..gaf þam giftes gret to spend. 1436 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 190 Oure money [is] spente alle to lytelle avayle. 1493 Chastysing Goddes Chyldern (de Worde) xxv. sig. Fiij/1 Riches & worshippes ben but lente, to man, for a tyme. to yelde rekeninge of hem how they ben spended. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lx. 211 To seke hym I haue spent all my golde and syluer. 1574 J. Dee in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Lit. Men (1843) (Camden) 34 I have..spent very many hundred powndes. a1648 Ld. Herbert Life (1976) 3 After he had spent most part of his Means, he became a Soldier. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 61 The Farmer to full Bowls invites his Friends, And what he got with Pains, with Pleasure spends . View more context for this quotation 1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. ii. ii. 72 When money is spent, it is all one to the Public who spends it. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. ii. iii. 410 That portion of his revenue which a rich man annually spends . View more context for this quotation 1827 W. Scott Chron. Canongate iii If I lost the estate, I at least spent the price. 1894 Temple Bar 102 340 She spent his money and led him such a life. proverbial.1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. vi. sig. I^v Soone gotten soone spent yll gotten yll spent.1548 in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) II. App. Q. 51 Evil gotten, worse spent.1555 J. Heywood Two Hundred Epigrammes with Thyrde sig. C.iv^v Lyttel good, soone spended.figurative.a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) ii. iv. 39 Sir, if you spend word for word with me, I shall make your wit bankrupt. View more context for this quotation1669 J. Dryden Wild Gallant 1st Prol. sig. A3^v And for Wit, those that boast their own estate, Forget Fletcher and Ben before them went, Their Elder Brothers, and that vastly spent. b. Const. with prepositions, as †about, for, in, on, or upon. ΚΠ a1225 Leg. Kath. 101 For hare sake ane dale ha etheold of hire ealdrene god & spende al þet oðer in neodfule & in nakede. c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 101 On leches heo hadde i-spendet Muche del of hire guod. c1325 in Pol. Songs (Camden) 69 He spende al is tresour opon swyvyng. c1400 Brut clxxiii. 195 His tresoure þat he hade spendede about his werre. c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) x. 32 Also he spende ij^d vpon him selfe. 1528 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 177 [He] says he hasse a M^l pownd to spend in the law ayenst hys Neyburus. 1578 in A. Feuillerat Documents Office of Revels Queen Elizabeth (1908) 307 For sondrey parcells by him boughte & brought into the office to be spente about the rock. 1611 Bible (King James) Isa. lv. 2 Wherefore doe yee spend money for that which is not bread? View more context for this quotation 1696 H. Prideaux Lett. (1875) 176 After all y^e interest he could make and many thousands spent in y^e canvas. 1707 E. Ward Wooden World Dissected 56 The poor Souls..are oblig'd..to spend their Pay upon the very Wine that was assign'd them. 1735 S. Johnson tr. J. Lobo Voy. Abyssinia 45 They..spent their Wealth in costly Ornaments for Churches, and Vessels for the Altars. 1883 F. M. Peard Contradictions I. 23 She spent a fortune in shoes and gloves. 1897 W. C. Hazlitt Four Generations Lit. Family II. 185 When his lordship told her that he had spent upon her enough to build the Great Eastern. 1971 Publishers' Weekly 4 Oct. 42/2 Countless people..have longed to own the Oxford dictionary and could not afford to spend $300 for it. 1977 H. Fast Immigrants 6 Anna persuaded him..to spend two dollars for a heavy jacket. †c. To give away (a garment) in payment. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > payment > pay money or things [verb (transitive)] yieldc893 pay?c1225 spendc1450 make1473 redd1491 to pay in1623 betall1630 to pay away1731 fund1843 spring1851 c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 157 Brynge hedyr þat pilgrym þat spendyd ȝister evyn his slaueyn at þe wyn! 1553 T. Wilson Arte Rhetorique (1580) 133 He loues women well; he will spende Goddes Coope if he had it. 1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle ii. iv. sig. Cii By the masse chil rather spend the cote that is on my backe. †d. To levy charges on (a person). Only in the phrase spend me and defend me. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > charges > [verb (transitive)] > a person spend1590 debit1682 tax1846 to chargea1889 1590 R. Payne Briefe Descr. Ireland (1841) 4 They haue a common saying which I am persuaded they speak vnfeinedly, which is, Defend me and spend me. a1599 E. Spenser View State Ireland 25 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) They..are loath to yeeld any certaine Rent, but only such spendings: for their common saying is, Spend me and defend me. †e. With dative of the person whose money is expended. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1616 B. Jonson Epicœne iv. ii, in Wks. I. 569 Shee spends me fortie pound a yeere in mercury, and hogs-bones. View more context for this quotation 1666 S. Pepys Diary 20 Feb. (1972) VII. 49 A little vexed to see myself so beset with people to spend my money. 2. a. absol. To exercise, make, or incur expenditure of money, goods, means, etc. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > spend or incur expense [verb (intransitive)] spenec1175 spend1297 to do or make (the) cost(s)c1325 costc1384 to be at charge or at charges?1542 to be at cost?1548 to spend and be spent1611 disburse1615 to lug out1684 tap1712 part1864 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 8026 Him ne roȝte hou he spende, ne wat, he was so prout. ?a1366 Romaunt Rose 1157 Not Avarice..Was half to gripe so ententyf, As Largesse is to yeve and spende. c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 207 Þi wyif & chyld muste sparyngly..spendyn of þi euyl getyn good. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 728/1 This gere can nat laste longe, for he spendeth a pace and getteth nothyng. 1595 T. Lodge Fig for Momus H 1 b Spend on thy house, to tyle it from the raine. 1652 J. Wright tr. J.-P. Camus Nature's Paradox vi. 115 These Strangers,..spending high, and making such cheer as the others were not accustomed to see. 1862 J. Ruskin Unto this Last iv. 114 The vital question for individual and for nation is..‘to what purpose do they spend?’ 1869 J. R. Lowell Under Willows 162 To spend in all things else, But of old friends to be most miserly. proverbial.1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. v. sig. H Spend, & god shall sende,..saith thold balet.1636 R. Baker tr. Cato Variegatus 32 Tis an old saying; spend, and God will send. b. In the phrase to spend and be spent. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > spend or incur expense [verb (intransitive)] spenec1175 spend1297 to do or make (the) cost(s)c1325 costc1384 to be at charge or at charges?1542 to be at cost?1548 to spend and be spent1611 disburse1615 to lug out1684 tap1712 part1864 1611 Bible (King James) 2 Cor. xii. 15 And I wil very gladly spend and bee spent for you. View more context for this quotation 1694 W. Penn Brief Acct. Rise Quakers iii. 66 They could have no design to themselves in this Work, thus to expose themselves to Scorn and Abuse; to spend and be spent. 1828 T. Carlyle Burns in Edinb. Rev. Dec. 307 Counting it blessedness enough so to spend and be spent. 3. To expend or employ (labour, material, thought, etc.) in some specified way: a. Const. on or upon. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > use or make use of [verb (transitive)] > use for specific purpose > specifically an immaterial thing beteec1175 spenec1200 beseta1240 dispenda1400 spenda1400 expendc1440 incline?a1475 expone1527 adhibit?1538 depend1607 dispense?1624 lend1697 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 20857 It es na spede our suinc to spend, On thing we may noght bring tilend. c1440 Pallad. on Husb. iv. 541 The plauntys sette is stonys to sustene, And donged lond vpon the rootys spende. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 6502 The tother speire, þat he sparit, [he] spent vpon hym. 1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 74 You spende your passion, on a mispris'd mood. View more context for this quotation 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. E3^v Then did Sturmius spend such infinite, and curious paines vpon Cicero the Orator. View more context for this quotation 1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ ii. vii. §1 Their great R. Abravanel, who spends his whole 13 Chapter de capite fidei upon it. 1707 E. Ward Wooden World Dissected 19 He spends a deal of puzling Thought upon his Boat's Crew. 1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (1721) I. 2 It concerns the judicious Husbandman to consider the Nature of the Land he is to spend his Time, Cost and Labour upon. 1822 C. Lamb in London Mag. Mar. 282/2 As useless as a passion spent upon the dead. 1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 163 Why do you spend many words and speak in many ways on this subject? b. Const. in. ΚΠ a1300 Cursor Mundi 28493 O spusail i haf þe halines In lust al spended o my fles. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 128 Ȝie neid not..paper for to spend nor ink, In the ressaueing of my soumes. 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost ii. i. 19 To be counted wise, In spending your Wit in the prayse of mine. View more context for this quotation 1663 in Extracts State Papers (Friends' Hist. Soc.) (1911) 2nd Ser. 181 All the paines and cost therein spent was casting good money after bad. 1696 N. Tate & N. Brady New Version Psalms of David cii. 5 I spend my Breath in Groans. 1728 H. Pemberton View Sir I. Newton's Philos. 319 It will be necessary to spend a few words in explaining what is meant by the refraction of light. 1889 Nature 24 Oct. 613 The equivalence of the work spent in overcoming fluid. c. With other constructions. ΚΠ c1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 2431 Þe byhoves acounte yhelde..how þow has spendyd þi wittes fife. c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 224 For the better thy speche thou spende. 1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1845) xliv. 214 And thus in vaine thou hast thy labour spent. a1529 J. Skelton Poems against Garnesche in Poet Wks. (1843) I. 131 My study myght be better spynt. a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Knight of Malta iii. ii, in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Lllll2^v/2 My last breath cannot Be better spent, then to say I forgive you. 1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. xx. 175 I would spend my best endeavours for the helping and furthering of them. a1763 W. King Polit. & Lit. Anecd. (1819) 154 To spend three or four whole pages to prove that this is neither Latin nor sense. d. To express (an opinion). Now dialect. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > state or declare [verb (transitive)] > an opinion sayeOE spend1688 the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > hold an opinion [verb (transitive)] > express an opinion opinea1475 to set forward1560 opinionate1651 vend1657 spend1688 to put on (also upon) record1782 voice1850 1688 G. Miege Great French Dict. ii. sig. Rrr3^v/3 To spend his Verdict, to give his Opinion. 1902 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 19 July 209 An Ulster man will ask his medical adviser to ‘spend his opinion’ on a case. 4. a. To employ, occupy, use or pass (time, one's life, etc.) in or on some action, occupation, or state. ΘΚΠ the world > time > spending time > spend time or allow time to pass [verb (transitive)] > in some activity spenda1300 addict1604 busy1629 to put in1863 do1897 the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > occupy or engage (a person) [verb (transitive)] > engage in or busy oneself about > devote oneself to or take time for > devote (a faculty, time, etc.) to spenda1300 givec1340 applyc1425 bend?1510 consecrate1555 divest1638 invest1837 a1300 Cursor Mundi 28259 Þe tyme þat ic in lijf has lende In idel-nes ic haue it spende. c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Cleopatra. 650 And thus the longe day in fight they spende. ?1482 J. Kay tr. G. Caoursin Siege of Rhodes The space of .iii. yeres whiche were spended & occupyed in the conseylyng of thes werkes. 1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1845) xxxi. 150 That you your youth in ydelness wyll spende. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cxxxvij The space of two dayes followyng, was spent in Godly admonitions. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. x. xxii. 367 Thus in handling of these matters was that day spent. 1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. ii. ii. 52 Men..spending their spare-time on this Practice. a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 140 After about half an hour spent in surveying this place. 1746 P. Francis tr. Horace in P. Francis & W. Dunkin tr. Horace Epistles i. vii. 69 Philip, whose Youth was spent in Feats of War. 1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 23 He spent his time in training horses. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. i. iii. 23 Christophe de Beaumont, who has spent his life in persecuting hysterical Jansenists. 1859 J. M. Jephson & L. Reeve Narr. Walking Tour Brittany viii. 112 The morning..was spent in walking about Morlaix. b. With other complements. ΚΠ a1400 Minor Poems from Vernon MS xxxii. 347 Þenk þenne..Hou þou hast spendet þi tyme honeste. a1440 Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS. 19 Þan sall þou besyly thynke how þou hase spende þat day (or þat nyghte). 1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 10^v Would you haue me spend the floure of my youth, as you doe the withered rase of your age? 1621 T. W. tr. S. Goulart Wise Vieillard 46 Young men (for the most part) spend their time badly. 1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 56 They are extreamly Lazy, spending the whole day sitting on a Divan. 1715 D. Defoe Family Instructor I. i. v. 127 How do they spend the Sabbath at your Aunt's? 1799 H. More Strict. Mod. Syst. Fem. Educ. (ed. 4) I. 120 They do not scruple to allow their daughters to spend almost the whole of their time exactly like the daughters of worldly people. 1808 W. Scott in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Sir W. Scott (1837) I. i. 35 My time with him, though short, was spent greatly to my advantage. 1879 M. A. Brown tr. J. L. Runeberg Nadeschda i. 13 Many hours had been thus sweetly spent. c. elliptical. To pass (the day, evening, etc.) in social intercourse or entertainment, or as a guest. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > social event > [verb (transitive)] > spend (time) at spend?1697 ?1697 J. Lewis Mem. Duke of Glocester (1789) 51 Mrs. Atkinson invited Lady Harriot and Lady Anne Churchill one day to dine with her, in her chamber, and spend the day. 1843 C. Dickens Christmas Carol iii. 101 The very lamp-lighter..was dressed to spend the evening somewhere. 1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin I. iii. 31 I am so glad you's come! Missis is gone to spend the afternoon. 5. a. To use up; to exhaust or consume by use; to wear out. In later use frequently with force, fury, etc., as object. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > using up, expending, or consuming > use up, expend, or consume [verb (transitive)] spend1297 usea1382 costa1400 consumea1527 to make a hole (in anything)1591 absorb1686 to use up1712 expend1745 to use off1812 to get through ——1833 to go through ——1949 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 8332 Þe sarazins wiþoute wuste..Þat no maner liflode ne miȝte to hom wende; So þat þo hii adde ispend þat wiþinne was [etc.]. a1375 Lay Folks Mass-bk. App. iv. 347 Whon his parchemyn was al spende, He rauhte þe Rolle bi þe ende Wiþ his teth a-non. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 331 Þey chaungede nevere hosen and schoon, noþer cloþinge, but whan þey were i-tore or i-spend. c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 206 & it be spendyd or wastyd, þou art noȝt bounde to restore it. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Deut. xxxii. 23 I wil heape myscheues vpon them, I wil spende all myne arowes at [1611 vpon] them. 1579 T. Lodge Protogenes 7 Did not they spende one candle by seeking another. 1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing i. i. 253 If Cupid haue not spent all his quiuer in Venice. View more context for this quotation 1633 G. Herbert Church Porch in Temple li If thou be Master-gunner, spend not all That thou canst speak, at once. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 176 The Thunder..Perhaps hath spent his shafts. View more context for this quotation 1707 J. Floyer Physician's Pulse-watch 90 A great Contention of the Mind spends the Spirits, but if it be moderate, it only spends the Humidity of the Lympha. 1757 W. Wilkie Epigoniad vii. 220 Erring from the course, In mazes wide, the rower spent his force. 1781 J. Moore View Soc. Italy (1790) I. viii. 87 Having spent their fury in the destruction of the tyrant. 1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. (at cited word) To spend all your ammunition. 1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 285 Meanwhile the war, which seemed for the moment to have spent its force in Italy, had broken out with fresh fury in Sicily. in extended use.a1656 J. Ussher Ann. World (1658) vi. 104 Into them he put all such as he suspected for enemies at home, desiring Cambyses that he would spend them there and never send them home again. b. To bring to a violent end; to destroy; to consume by destruction or wasting; †to disperse or dissipate; to reduce or convert into something. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] to bring to noughteOE forspillc893 fordilghec900 to bring to naughtOE astryea1200 stroyc1200 forferec1275 misdoa1325 destroyc1330 naught1340 dingc1380 beshenda1400 devoida1400 unshapea1400 to wend downa1400 brittenc1400 unloukc1400 perishc1426 defeat1435 unmake1439 lithc1450 spend1481 kill1530 to shend ofc1540 quade1565 to make away1566 discreate1570 wrake1570 wracka1586 unwork1587 gaster1609 defease1621 unbe1624 uncreate1633 destructa1638 naufragate1648 stifle1725 stramash1788 disannul1794 destructify1841 locust1868 to knock out1944 dick1972 the world > life > death > killing > slaughter > [verb (transitive)] to bathe in bloodc1300 murderc1325 to make larder ofa1330 spend1481 to lick upa1500 slaught1535 butcher1562 wipe1577 slaughter1586 massacre1588 dispeople1596 shamble1601 depeople?1611 mow1615 internecate1623 dislaughter1661 mop1899 pogrom1915 decimate1944 overkill1946 the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (transitive)] > dismantle and disperse widely spend1481 the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > transform [verb (transitive)] wendOE forshapeOE workOE awendOE makec1175 turna1200 forwenda1325 change1340 shape1362 transmewc1374 transposec1380 puta1382 convertc1384 exchangea1400 remue?a1400 makea1425 reduce?a1425 removec1425 resolvea1450 transvertc1450 overchangec1480 mew1512 transmutea1513 wring1524 reduct1548 transform1556 innovate1561 metamorphose1576 transume1579 metamorphize1587 transmove1590 transchangea1599 transfashion1601 deflect1613 fordo1624 entail1628 transmutate1632 distila1637 to make much (also little, something, nothing, etc.) of1637 transqualify1652 unconvert1654 simulate1658 spend1668 transverse1687 hocus-pocus1774 mutate1796 fancy1801 to change around1871 metamorphosize1888 catalyse1944 morph1996 1481 in H. E. Malden Cely Papers (1900) 80 Aull the whowlschypys ar cwm to Calles savyng vij, qwher of ij be spente. a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) l. 1910 Tho men of armes theder went, Anon they had theyre hors spent, Her guttys oute she Rave. c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. xlix^v/2 The saide william W. occupyed the Sayde shyppe and spent her att Caleys in soo moche that alle the Gables sayles, And other takell..he solde them at caleis. 1570 R. Sempill Spur to Lordis (single sheet) On the countrie of Scotland..Thair is na mendis..With speid till thay be spendit. 1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) i. xvii. 47 Each branch..being again divided into other lesser ones, they are at last spent into Veins and Arteries as smal as Hairs. 1672 H. Savile True Relation Engagem. with Dutch Fleet 6 A Fireship [was] taken, and we forced them to Spend most of the rest. 1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxiv. 81 When a plague so deadly..Spent that slender city. †c. Of emotion, action, etc.: To deprive (a person) of energy, strength, or resources; to exhaust or wear out. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > weary or exhaust [verb (transitive)] wearyc897 tirea1000 travailc1300 forwearya1325 taryc1375 tarc1440 matec1450 break1483 labour1496 overwearya1500 wear?1507 to wear out, forth1525 fatigate1535 stress1540 overtire1558 forwaste1563 to tire out1563 overwear1578 spend1582 out-tire1596 outwear1596 outweary1596 overspend1596 to toil out1596 attediate1603 bejade1620 lassate1623 harassa1626 overtask1628 tax1672 hag1674 trash1685 hatter1687 overtax1692 fatigue1693 to knock up1740 tire to death1740 overfatigue1741 fag1774 outdo1776 to do over1789 to use up1790 jade1798 overdo1817 frazzlea1825 worry1828 to sew up1837 to wear to death1840 to take it (also a lot, too much, etc.) out of (a person)1847 gruel1850 to stump up1853 exhaust1860 finish1864 peter1869 knacker1886 grind1887 tew1893 crease1925 poop1931 raddle1951 1582 T. Watson Ἑκατομπαθία: Passionate Cent. Loue xix. 55 I whom Loue hath spent. 1616 J. Lane Contin. Squire's Tale viii. 30 Tell him I will auxiliaries send him, gainst warrs all difficulties, whiche maie spende him. 1669 J. Flavell Husbandry Spiritualized Proem 9 It spends a Minister to preach, but more to be silent. d. reflexive. Of persons or things: To exhaust or wear out (oneself or itself); to become incapable of further activity; to cease to operate. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ceasing > cease activity [verb (reflexive)] stay1560 spend1594 muzzle1660 to run out1845 to pull up1861 the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > weary or exhaust [verb (reflexive)] strain1377 overwork1530 overtire1558 toil1560 spend1594 overtask1628 waste1630 unbowel1647 to run off one's legs (also feet)1666 overexert1817 muck1819 tew1825 overdo1858 to burn out, forth1955 (a) 1594 C. Marlowe & T. Nashe Dido i. i Here is this bush..will I stand, Whiles my Aeneas spends himself in plaints. 1613 T. Heywood Brazen Age ii. ii, in Wks. (1874) III. 208 Why should we..spend ourselues on accidentall wrongs? 1658 T. Langley Let. 19 Sept. in Coll. State Papers J. Thurloe (1742) VII. 403 They [sc. Quakers] cry out soe loude in their preachings, that they..spend themselves extreemly. 1718 Mem. Life J. Kettlewell i. xx. 44 He spending himself..in his Labours of Love. 1823 M. M. Sherwood Henry Milner (ed. 2) iii. vii Suppose you go and spend yourself with a run,..and then we will have some discourse. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. iv. viii. 255 Man after man spends himself in this cause. 1868 J. T. Nettleship Ess. Browning's Poetry vi. 233 He never rested until he had spent himself in asserting those claims. (b)1663 S. Patrick Parable of Pilgrim (1687) xxiii. 236 This voice was intercepted by a new passion like to the former, though it was not long before it had spent it self.1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. iii. 155 Camphire, which spends itself by continually Effluviating its own component Particles.1705 J. Collier Ess. Moral Subj.: Pt. III i. 25 For Torment like a Storm spends it self, and is destroy'd by its own Force.1777 J. Priestley Disquis. Matter & Spirit p. xv The popular clamour may have spent itself.a1800 W. Cowper Yardley-Oak in W. Hayley Life & Posthumous Writings Cowper (1804) III. 412 Thought cannot spend itself, comparing still The great and little of thy lot. 6. a. To suffer the loss of (blood, life, etc.); to allow to be shed or spilt. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > loss > lose [verb (transitive)] > lose blood or life spendc1400 a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xx. 1 Swa that..he spend noght his preciouse blode in vayn on vs.] c1400 Rom. Rose 5440 Wenyng with hym they wolde abide..And also for hem to spende her bloode. 1516 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1875) XII. 37/2 For conservacioun of quhais persoun we are determit to spend oure Livis. 1553 R. Eden in tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India Ded. sig. aaiiij Knowing that whereas one death is dewe to nature, the same is more honourably spent in such attemptes as may be to the glorye of God. a1616 W. Shakespeare Richard III (1623) i. iii. 125 To royalize his blood, I spent [1597 spilt] mine owne. 1751 Affecting Narr. H.M.S. Wager 53 They..would still spend their Lives for his Defence. 1868 J. T. Nettleship Ess. Browning's Poetry vi. 158 Money which they had spent no sweat to obtain. †b. Nautical. To lose or incur the loss of (a mast, yard, sail, etc.) through bad weather or by some accident. Obsolete. (Frequently in the 17th cent.) ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > shipwreck > cause to suffer shipwreck [verb (transitive)] > lose (spars, sails, or rigging) spend1581 1581 A. Hall tr. Homer 10 Bks. Iliades ii. 22 Our saile yards rotten, our masts yspent [Fr. Les Mastz pourriz]. 1591 Honourable Actions E. Glemham Cij In which storme he spent his Maine Mast, which had beene before fysht. 1665 Oxf. Gaz. No. 14/3 She was much beaten at Sea by storm, having spent her Main-mast and Fore-mast. 1685 N. Boteler Six Dialogues Sea-services 164 When a Mast or Yard is broken down by foul Weather, or any other accident, the Sea-word is, the Mast or Yard is spent. 1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 5th Bk. Wks. xviii. 79 Lest we should spend our Topsails. 7. a. To use for food or drink; to consume in this way; to eat or drink.Common from c1550 to c1700, frequently with the addition in one's house or family; now dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > [verb (transitive)] brookc950 abiteOE haveOE afangOE takec1175 notea1200 usec1300 spendc1380 consumec1400 partake1602 pree1680 discuss1751 tuck1784 to put down1795 to be (also go) at the ——1796 go1830 kill1833 to put away1839 down1852 to put over1880 to wrap (oneself) (a)round1880 shift1896 c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 217 God made alle goode mete & drynke couenable for men schulden spende it & lyue þer-by. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 13410 Þe good drynke shulde furst spende [Fairf. dispende] And þe weiker at þe ende. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail lvi. l. 74 Of Cornes ȝe haven..gret plente, More thanne be ȝoure howshold spendid schal be. 1468 Cov. Leet Bk. 338 Hit is ordeyned þat no house~holder frohensfurth bye no more butter þen he well spend in his owne house. 1551 R. Ascham Let. in Wks. (1865) I. ii. 257 Isles..so full of walnut trees that they cannot be spent with eating, but they make oile of them. 1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) ii. vi. 170/1 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I Malt..feedeth vpon the hop,..which being extinguished the drinke must be spent or else it dieth. 1657 A. Sparrow Rationale Bk. Common Prayer (1661) 279 If any of the Bread And Wine remain,..if consecrated, it is all to be spent..by the Communicants. 1670 J. Smith England's Improvem. Reviv'd 190 Houses for keeping Pheasants, Partidges, and other Fowl to be spent in the Family, or sold at Markets. 1719 G. London & H. Wise J. de la Quintinie's Compl. Gard'ner (ed. 7) 44 So great a quantity of Fruit..that 'twill be all we can do to spend them before the Rottenness..surprizes them. 1736 W. Ellis London & Country Brewer II. x. 71 For Beer or Ale that is to be spent presently, two, three, or four, to eight Bushels will suffice. a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) (at cited word) We spend so much meat, flour, cheese, etc. in our family weekly. absolute.c1440 Pallad. on Husb. iv. 404 Or let a tonne of barly hem comprende Vchon from other; close hit til thou spende.1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 204 Thairfoir sic [good fare] as thow seis, spend on, and not spair. †b. To serve, serve up (a dish, food, etc.). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > serving food > [verb (transitive)] servec1275 spenda1375 serve1381 to serve forth1381 ministerc1400 messa1425 sewc1440 to serve ina1450 to serve upc1475 asservec1500 dish1587 appose1593 to usher in1613 send1662 to hand round1692 to serve away1709 hand1851 a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 4324 Þann were spacli spices spended al a-boute, fulsumli at þe ful to eche freke þer-inne. a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 31 Make hit þyke inowghe þenne, Whenne þou hit spendes byfore gode menne. c. Agriculture. To use (a crop, hay, etc.) as food or fodder for cattle; to eat off. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > harvest (a crop) [verb (transitive)] > eat off crop to eat off1733 spend1733 verdage1778 to fold off1794 hog1845 1733 J. Tull Horse-hoing Husbandry x. 48 There are now Three Manners of Spending Turneps with Sheep. 1764 Museum Rusticum 2 lix. 171 When I sow vetches before wheat, I always, in the spending my crop, have regard to the condition of my land. 1789 T. Wright Acct. Advantages & Method Watering Meadows 1 The Farmer..has an hundred Tons of Hay to carry off and spend upon his other Grounds. 1823 E. Moor Suffolk Words (at cited word) To spend all the stover, straw, and turnips on the land. 8. To make use of; to use or employ. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > use or make use of [verb (transitive)] noteOE take?a1160 turnc1175 usec1300 to fare witha1340 benote1340 spenda1400 usea1400 weara1400 naitc1400 occupy1423 to put (also set) in work?a1425 practise?c1430 apply1439 employ?1473 to call upon ——1477 help1489 tew1489 handle1509 exercise1526 improvea1529 serve1538 feed1540 enure1549 to make (also take) (a) use of1579 wield1601 adoperate1612 to avail oneself ofa1616 to avail oneself ofa1616 prevail1617 to make practice of1623 ploy1675 occasion1698 to call on ——1721 subserve1811 nuse1851 utilize1860 a1400–50 Alexander 2458 Sparrethis spetous to spend & speris in handis. c1450 Urbanitatis (Calig. A.ii) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 15 In chambur among ladyes bryȝth, Kepe þy tonge & spende þy syȝth. 1569 G. Campion in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1599) II. i. 117 The oiles which we do spend in England for our cloth, are brought out of Spaine. 1621 in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1618–21 (1906) 259 In other places yt [i.e. coral] ys much spent to burne with the dead. c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1641 (1955) II. 76 A Light-horse-man (as they call it) taking us in, we spent our tide as far as Greene-Wich. 1697 J. Pollexfen Disc. Trade & Coyn 129 If it be considered that all persons of all degrees, did wear, or spend, some of those Commodities. 1845 R. Browning Time's Revenges in Bells & Pomegranates No. VII: Dramatic Romances & Lyrics 47 You shall see how the Devil spends A fire God gave for other ends! 9. a. To expend or employ (speech or language); to utter or emit (a word, sound, etc.). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > speak, say, or utter [verb (transitive)] speakc825 queatheOE forthdoc900 i-seggenc900 sayeOE speak971 meleOE quidOE spella1000 forthbringc1000 givec1175 warpa1225 mootc1225 i-schirea1250 upbringa1250 outsay?c1250 spilec1275 talec1275 wisea1300 crackc1315 nevena1325 cast1330 rehearsec1330 roundc1330 spend1362 carpa1375 sermona1382 to speak outc1384 usea1387 minc1390 pronouncea1393 lancec1400 mellc1400 nurnc1400 slingc1400 tellc1400 wordc1400 yelpc1400 worka1425 utterc1444 outspeakc1449 yielda1450 arecchec1460 roose?a1475 cutc1525 to come forth with1532 bubble1536 prolate1542 report1548 prolocute1570 bespeak1579 wield1581 upbraid1587 up with (also mid) ——1594 name1595 upbrayc1600 discoursea1616 tonguea1616 to bring out1665 voice1665 emit1753 lip1789 to out with1802 pitch1811 go1836 to open one's head1843 vocabulize1861 shoot1915 verbal1920 be1982 1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. viii. 50 Ac he þat spendeþ his speche and spekeþ for þe pore. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 410 If I spende no speche, þenne spedeȝ þou þe better. 1508 W. Dunbar Goldyn Targe (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems (1998) I. 192 I knaw quhat thou of rethorike may spent. 1576 G. Gascoigne Complaynt of Phylomene in Steele Glas sig. K.iiii The piteous pleasant notes, Which Phylomene, doth darkely spend in spring. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) ii. v. 38 I may embrace his Neck, And in his Bosome spend my latter gaspe. View more context for this quotation 1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts ii. 20 However, the false pretenders unto wisedome, are ready..to spend their censures thus injuriously. †b. to spend the mouth, to spend the tongue, etc. Of hunting dogs: To bark or give tongue on finding or seeing the game. Also figurative. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > hound > [verb (intransitive)] > make sound openc1425 cry1486 yearn1523 chant1573 babble1575 to lead chawle1589 to spend the mouth1590 spend1602 to give tongue1737 to throw (its) tongue1742 speak1826 tongue1832 to give mouth1854 1590 T. Cokayne Treat. Hunting D ij b He will vent so oft, and put vp ouer water, at which time the houndes will spend their mouthes verie lustely. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) ii. iv. 70. a1627 H. Shirley Martyr'd Souldier (1638) iii. sig. D4 A packe of the bravest Spartan Dogges in the world; if they do but once open, and spend there Gabble, gabble, gabble it will make the Forrest ecchoe. 1657 R. Ligon True Hist. Barbados 3 The onely difference I finde is, these doe not spend their mouthes, but what they want in that is supplyed by the goodnesse of their noses. 1682 N. O. tr. N. Boileau-Despréaux Lutrin iv. 228 Nor was it Reason that the gutted Fops Should spend their Tongues, who could not use their Chops. †c. absol. = 9b. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > hound > [verb (intransitive)] > make sound openc1425 cry1486 yearn1523 chant1573 babble1575 to lead chawle1589 to spend the mouth1590 spend1602 to give tongue1737 to throw (its) tongue1742 speak1826 tongue1832 to give mouth1854 1602 2nd Pt. Returne fr. Parnassus ii. v. 826 Hunters luck Sir, but there was a fault in your Hounds that did not spend well. 1647 J. Cleveland Poems in Char. London-diurnall (Wing C4662) 17 The Ven'sons now in view, our Hounds spend deeper. 1672 R. Wild Poetica Licentia in Let. Declar. Liberty Conscience 39 Hanging 's the end By Huntsmen's Rule, of Hounds that will not spend. 1736 Compl. Family-piece ii. i. 210 Then draw with more Care, checking your Hound, lest he spends when he comes so near as to have him in the Wind. figurative.1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) ii. §3 For then reason like a bad hound spends upon a false sent. View more context for this quotation1682 S. Pordage Medal Revers'd 233 Let the hot Tories, and their Poet Curse, They spend in vain, and you are ne'r the worse. d. To allow or cause to flow; to shed. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > liquid which has been emitted > action or process of emitting copiously > emit copiously [verb (transitive)] outyeta1400 effundc1420 shed1430 diffude?a1475 skail1513 effuse1526 diffuse1541 flow1550 outwell1590 spend1602 pour1604 exfuse1612 effude1634 profund1657 efflux1669 profuse1771 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > emit > copiously > in or as in a stream runeOE ayetOE yetOE hieldc1200 pourc1330 bleed1377 spouta1398 wella1398 outyeta1400 wellc1400 effundc1420 streama1425 shed1430 diffude?a1475 skail1513 peera1522 effuse1526 diffuse1541 flow1550 gusha1555 outpoura1560 brew1581 outwell1590 spend1602 spin1610 exfuse1612 guttera1618 effude1634 disembogue1641 profund1657 efflux1669 decant1742 profuse1771 sluice1859 1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge i. v. sig. C2^v If hee is guiltlesse, why should teares be spent? 1697 Philos. Trans. 1695–7 (Royal Soc.) 19 373 Whether any part of the Tree (as Body, Root, or Branch) will spend it [i.e. gum] being purposely Wounded. 1820 W. Scott Monastery III. i. 21 And you, Sir Knight, think better of us than to suppose you may spend Scottish blood, and reckon for it as for wine spilt in a drunken revel. 10. a. To consume, employ, use superfluously, wastefully, or with undue lavishness; to waste or squander; to throw away.In some instances the sense is conveyed by the addition of in vain, to no purpose, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > misuse > [verb (transitive)] > waste spilla1000 scatter1154 aspilla1250 rospa1325 waste1340 spend1390 consumec1425 waste1474 miswenda1500 forsumea1510 to cast away1530 to throw away1561 embezzle1578 squander1593 palter1595 profuse1611 squander1611 ravel1614 sport1622 to fool away1628 to stream out1628 to fribble away1633 sweal1655 frisk1665 to fiddle away1667 wantonize1673 slattera1681 swattle1681 drivel1686 swatter1690 to muddle away1707 squander1717 sot1746 slattern1747 meisle1808 fritter1820 waster1821 slobber1837 to cut to waste1863 fringe1863 potter1883 putter1911 profligate1938 to piddle away1942 haemorrhage1978 spaff2002 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 395 Many on..Whiche after felle in gret desese Thurgh wast of love, that thei spente. 1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1845) xxxi. 154 Wo worth love that I do spend in wast. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 728/1 I spende, as men..wastyth any thyng in vayne, je consume. 1590 J. Smythe Certain Disc. Weapons 22 Wherby it commeth to passe, that such quick and hastie Harquebuziers, doo worke no other effect but spend powder, match & shot. a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) ii. iii. 188 What's the matter That you vnlace your reputation thus, And spend your rich opinion, for the name Of a night brawler? View more context for this quotation 1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 61 The impatient horses..do spend before the race thousand and thousand steppes to no purpose. 1827 W. Scott Highland Widow in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. I. xii. 239 I am a fool..to spend my words upon an idle..unintelligent boy. 1885 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ At Bay xi. 172 The horror and disgust of the creature on whom you spent your life! b. To waste (time). ΘΚΠ the world > time > spending time > spend time or allow time to pass [verb (transitive)] > waste time leese?c1225 losea1340 defer1382 wastea1400 slip1435 consumea1500 superexpend1513 slow?1522 sloth1523 to fode forth1525 slack1548 dree1584 sleuth1584 confound1598 spenda1604 to fret out1608 to spin out1608 misplace1609 spend1614 tavern1628 devast1632 to drill away, on, outa1656 dulla1682 to dally away1685 squander1693 to linger awaya1704 dangle1727 dawdle1768 slim1812 diddle1826 to run out the clock1957 a1604 M. Hanmer Chron. Ireland 62 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) Brother Lazerianus (saith he) let us not spend time, neither trouble this people with this tedious question. 1658–9 Sir R. Temple in T. Burton Diary (1828) IV. 44 I am sorry this has spent your time. I do not see what fruit you will have by recommitting it, unless to spend as much more of your time. 1720 J. Clarke Ess. Educ. Youth 27 Those vain Amusements that have been found out to make Boys spend their Time at School. 11. To allow (time, one's life, etc.) to pass or go by; to live or stay through (a certain period) to the end. Cf. sense 4. ΘΚΠ the world > time > spending time > spend time or allow time to pass [verb (transitive)] overdoOE adreeOE wreaka1300 to draw forthc1300 dispend1340 pass1340 drivea1375 wastec1381 occupyc1384 overpassa1387 to pass over ——a1393 usec1400 spend1423 contrive?a1475 overdrive1487 consumea1500 to pass forth1509 to drive off1517 lead1523 to ride out1529 to wear out, forth1530 to pass away?1550 to put offc1550 shiftc1562 to tire out1563 wear1567 to drive out1570 entertainc1570 expire1589 tire1589 outwear1590 to see out1590 outrun1592 outgo1595 overshoot1597 to pass out1603 fleeta1616 elapse1654 term1654 trickle1657 to put over1679 absorb1686 spin1696 exercise1711 kill1728 to get through ——1748 to get over ——1751 tickc1870 fill1875 1423 Acts Privy Counc. III. 90 His forsayd retenu..continued fro yere to yere unto four yer was nere spendid and passid. c1440 Pallad. on Husb. xii. 501 Tho iij dayes spende, They vessel hit. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 110 Remember thow hes compt to mak Off all thi tyme thow spendit heir. 1565 T. Stapleton tr. Bede Hist. Church Eng. f. 191^v Spending all the daies of my life, in the mansion of the same monastery. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 12 I spent this winter at Leipzig. a1648 Ld. Herbert Life (1976) 4 His Son..went to the Low Country Wars, and after some time spent there, came home. 1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. i. i. 4 If you and Dion wou'd spend a Week at my House. 1785 W. Cowper Task i. 547 And now she roams The dreary waste; there spends the livelong day. 1854 Ld. Houghton Let. 26 Oct. in T. W. Reid Life Ld. Houghton (1890) I. xi. 498 I have been spending six weeks in Ireland. 1886 C. E. Pascoe London of To-day (ed. 3) xx. 199 A journey into the country affords perhaps the most rational and pleasant way of spending Sunday. †12. a. To cause or involve expenditure of (something). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > using up, expending, or consuming > use up, expend, or consume [verb (transitive)] > cause or involve expenditure or consumption take1556 to take upa1616 spend1616 1616 Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 248 The putting off of the arraignments spent much money. a1690 S. Jeake Λογιστικηλογία (1696) 451 5 Guns in 2 Days spend 60 Barrels of Powder. 1703 R. Neve City & Countrey Purchaser 276 A great Covering with these spends but little Mortar..and but little time in laying. b. To occupy, take up, or waste (time). †Also with double object. ΘΚΠ the world > time > spending time > spend time or allow time to pass [verb (transitive)] > waste time leese?c1225 losea1340 defer1382 wastea1400 slip1435 consumea1500 superexpend1513 slow?1522 sloth1523 to fode forth1525 slack1548 dree1584 sleuth1584 confound1598 spenda1604 to fret out1608 to spin out1608 misplace1609 spend1614 tavern1628 devast1632 to drill away, on, outa1656 dulla1682 to dally away1685 squander1693 to linger awaya1704 dangle1727 dawdle1768 slim1812 diddle1826 to run out the clock1957 1614 J. Donne Lett. (1651) 172 It spent me so little time after your going, that..I might have overtaken you. a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1958) IX. 47 That earth and that heaven, which spent God himselfe..six days in finishing. a1649 J. Winthrop Hist. New Eng. (1825) (modernized text) I. 140 The main business, which spent the most time,..was about the removal of Newtown. 13. Const. with adverbs, as away, out, up, in various senses. ΚΠ 1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in Wks. 609/2 Therin he spendeth vp that Chapiter. 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 16^v Some ther bee, that in lyngreyng & drivyng foorth..spenden out all their life. 1576 A. Fleming tr. C. Longolius in Panoplie Epist. 405 I was fully determined..to haue spent away the tedious time, in some talke. 1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall ii. f. 157^v The Cornish forces..encamped themselues on the greene,..and there spent out the night. 1650 J. Trapp Clavis to Bible (Deut. xxxii. 23) 150 I will spend mine arrowes. Which yet cannot be all spent up. 1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lxvii. 616 She..reproached herself for having flung away such a treasure. It was gone indeed. William had spent it all out. II. intransitive. †14. Of time, the season, etc.: To pass, elapse. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > [verb (intransitive)] overgoeOE agoeOE goOE forthgoOE runOE overdrivea1275 farea1325 overmetea1325 walka1325 passc1330 slidec1374 yern1377 to pass overa1382 wastec1385 waive1390 to pass awaya1400 overseyc1400 drive?c1450 to drive ona1470 slevea1510 to roll awaya1522 to roll overa1522 to wear out, forth1525 flit1574 to pass on1574 to run on1578 overhie1582 wear1597 overslip1607 spend1607 travel1609 to go bya1616 elapsea1644 to come round1650 efflux1660 to roll round1684 lapse1702 roll1731 to roll around1769 to roll by1790 transpire1824 to come around1829 tide1835 elabe1837 tick1937 1607 S. Collins Serm. Paules-Crosse 11 To finish this, because the time spendeth so fast. c1614 W. Mure tr. Virgil Dido & Æneas ii. in Wks. (1898) I. 246 Before the palace all the cowrt attends The Queen's aryvall, whil the morning spends. 1681 R. Knox Hist. Relation Ceylon 120 The time and season of the year spending for the ship to proceed on her voyage. †15. a. To be consumed, dispersed, exhausted, or used up; to pass off or away. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > using up, expending, or consuming > be used up or consumed [verb (intransitive)] spend1626 wear1931 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §129 The Sound spendeth, and is dissipated in the Open Aire. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §622 The Vines..are so often cut, and so much digged and dressed, that their Sap spendeth into the Grapes. 1643 J. Steer tr. Fabricius Exper. Chyrurg. vi. 25 He shall diligently take notice how the blacknesse of the powder spendeth away. 1704 N. N. tr. T. Boccalini Advts. from Parnassus III. 247 [They] never thought it worth their while to examine how the Oil spent, or the Taper burn'd. †b. Of a storm: To die down, exhaust its force or fury. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > fine weather > [verb (intransitive)] > become calm (of weather or the elements) > abate (of storm) scarce1390 overblowa1393 vail1606 spend1678 1678 H. Vaughan Thalia Rediviva 63 Giving the tempest time to spend. c. To ejaculate; to have an orgasm. slang. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > engage in sexual activity [verb (intransitive)] > ejaculate untap1622 spend1662 discharge1683 shoot1879 to get one's nuts offc1932 to get one's rocks off1948 pop1958 spaff1999 1662 S. Pepys Diary 7 Sept. (1970) III. 191 I went up to her and played and talked with her and, God forgive me, did feel her; which I am much ashamed of, but I did no more, though I had so much a mind to it that I spent in my breeches. 1714 Cabinet of Love 19 in Earl of Rochester & Earl of Roscommon Wks. (ed. 4) II For at one instant both together spent. 1763 J. Wilkes & T. Potter Ess. on Woman Oft when we spend we propagate unknown. 1868 tr. Martial Index Expurgatorius 1 When you say, Hedylus, ‘I shall spend, finish if you mean to finish’, my flame languishes. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xviii. [Penelope] 705 He made me spend the 2nd time tickling me behind with his finger. 1980 R. L. Duncan Brimstone vii. 163 He felt himself spending at the very moment she contracted around him. 16. a. Of foodstuffs, wheat, hay, etc.: To turn out or prove in use to be of a certain quality; to last or hold out well. Now dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > be in use or called into use [verb (intransitive)] > prove in use to be of a certain quality spend1680 the world > food and drink > food > qualities of food > [verb (intransitive)] > keep well or last spenda1855 1680 W. Temple Ess. Advancem. Trade Ireland in Wks. (1720) I. 115 They had observed [that] it [i.e. butter] spent as if it came from the richest Soil of the two. 1688 G. Miege Great French Dict. ii. sig. Rrr3^v/2 Meat that spends well. 1763 Museum Rusticum (1764) 1 156 It [wheat] was sold in the public markets, and declared..to spend as well as if it had been of the last year's growth. 1764 Museum Rusticum 2 210 Yet did this hay spend as well as if it had been got in never so favourably. a1855 W. T. Spurdens Forby's Vocab. E. Anglia (1858) III. 47 ‘The meal spends well’, i.e. it holds out well; lasts long. b. dialect. To produce or yield (well). ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > productiveness > be productive [verb (intransitive)] yield1297 fruit1377 seeda1398 germ1483 buddle1581 fructuate1663 seminate1676 teem1746 spend1854 to lift well1959 1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 272 Corn that yields well is said to spend well. 1893 G. E. Dartnell & E. H. Goddard Gloss. Words Wilts. 152 How do your taters spend to-year? 17. Of a liquid: To flow or run. ? Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > flow [verb (intransitive)] runeOE flowa1000 fledec1175 farea1325 yern1340 fleamc1465 coursea1533 cool1545 roll1697 spend1735 1735 Dict. Polygraph. I. S 4 White-lead;..let it be as stiff as it well can be to spend well from the pencil. 1742 W. Ellis London & Country Brewer (ed. 4) I. 28 Taking particular Care..to return two, three, or more Hand-bowls of Wort into the Mash-tub, that first of all runs off, till it comes absolutely fine and clear, and then it may spend away, or run off for good. 1811 J. Parkins Young Man's Best Compan. 535 Fustic..spends with or without salts. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022). spendv.² Etymology: Alteration of spen v. Now dialect. †1. transitive. To grasp (a spear). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > absence of movement > hold or holding > hold [verb (transitive)] > hold firmly, grip, or grasp clipOE agropeOE gripec1175 clencha1300 umbegrip?a1400 clitchc1400 stablec1440 grappe?c1450 coll1490 spenda1500 strain1590 clutch1602 screw1617 fast-hand1632 grasp1774 nevel1788 firm1859 bear-hug1919 a1500 (?c1400) Sir Triamour (Cambr.) (1937) l. 828 A spere spendyd he thare; He prekyd to þe kyng wyth fors. c1560 Hunting Cheviot in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1889) III. vi. 309 He sawe the Duglas to the deth was dyght, He spendyd a spear, a trusti tre. 2. dialect. (See quot. 1877.) ΚΠ 1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. 234 Spend up, to brace up the hames of harness. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online September 2021). spendv.³ Etymology: Of obscure origin. Scottish. intransitive. To spring, leap, dash. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > leaping, springing, or jumping > leap, spring, or jump [verb (intransitive)] leapc900 startOE reseOE springa1275 throwc1275 upleapc1275 launch13.. aspringc1315 sault1377 lance?a1400 sprenta1400 loupc1480 lope1483 spang1513 bendc1530 jump1530 spend1533 stend1567 vaulta1568 pract1568 exult1570 bound1593 saltate1623 subsalt1623 jet1635 spoutc1650 volt1753 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. i. xviii. 106 [She] draif þe chariot oure hir faderis body, with sic violence þat..þe blude of hir faderis body spendit on hir face. 1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Spend, to spring. 1839 D. M. Moir Life Mansie Wauch (rev. ed.) xxii. 275 Holding the naig's head, in case it should spend off, and capsize the concern. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online June 2021). spendv.⁴ Mining. (See quot. 1860.) ΚΠ 1847 in J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words 1860 Eng. & Foreign Mining Gloss. (new ed.) (Cornwall Terms) 24 Spend, to break ground; to work away. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2018). < n.¹a1688n.²1825v.¹c1175v.²a1500v.³1533v.⁴1847
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