单词 | sphere |
释义 | spheren. I. Senses relating to globes, their characteristics, and range of influence. 1. a. The apparent outward limit of space, conceived as a hollow globe enclosing (and at all points equidistant from) the earth; the visible vault of heaven, in which the celestial bodies appear to have their place. oblique sphere, parallel sphere, right sphere: see oblique adj. 2b, parallel n. 1b, right adj. 3a. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > celestial sphere > [noun] wheelc1175 spherea1300 concavity1483 the world > the universe > sky, heavens > [noun] roofeOE welkinc825 heaveneOE heightOE heavenOE liftOE loftOE welkin1122 skies?a1289 firmamentc1290 skewa1300 spherea1300 skewsc1320 hemispherec1374 cope of heavenc1380 clouda1400 skya1425 elementc1485 axle-treea1522 scrowc1540 pole1572 horizona1577 vaulta1586 round?1593 the cope1596 pend1599 floor1600 canopy1604 cope1609 expansion1611 concameration1625 convex1627 concave1635 expansum1635 blue1647 the expanse1667 blue blanket1726 empyrean1727 carry1788 span1803 overhead1865 the world > the universe > celestial sphere > [noun] > oblique sphere oblique sphere1590 a1300 Cursor Mundi 1548 Quen sa fele yeier ar wroken oute þe mikel spere [Gött. spire] es rune aboute. c1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 4867 Alle þe fire þat es in þe spere, And under erthe, and aboven erthe here. c1430 J. Lydgate Life Our Lady (Harl. 629) f. 43 b As the svnne dothe in heuen shyne In mydday speere dovn to vs by-lyne. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) viii. l. 1186 The mery day sprang fra the oryent.. Heich in the sper the signes maid declayr. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iii. viii. 13 Or [= ere] the speir his owris rollit rycht Sa far about that it wes skars mydnycht. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. x. sig. K5 He wondred much..What stately building durst so high extend Her lofty towres vnto the starry sphere. 1637 J. Milton Comus 9 Sweet echo,..Sweet Queen of Parlie, Daughter of the Sphare. 1655 H. Vaughan Silex Scintillans (ed. 2) ii. 3 If a star Should leave the Sphære. 1703 Moxon's Mech. Dyalling (ed. 4) in Moxon's Mech. Exercises (new ed.) 352 The highest Heaven with all its imagined Circle[s], is called the Sphere. 1727 J. Thomson Summer 23 The Face of Nature shines, from where Earth seems Far-stretch'd around, to meet the bending Sphere. 1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess iii. 51 But I An eagle clang an eagle to the sphere. 1854 L. Tomlinson tr. D. F. J. Arago Pop. Lect. Astron. 17 They had remarked that, amidst the general movement of the sphere, one of the stars of the Lesser Bear appeared always to remain in the same position. b. A material representation of the apparent form of the heavens; a globe or other construction illustrating the place and motions of the celestial bodies. (See also armillary adj.) ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > cosmology > science of observation > astronomical instruments > representational device > [noun] > globe, sphere spherec1400 globe1542 c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) ii. §26. 35 The excellence of the spere solide..shewyth Manifeste the diuerse assenciouns of signes in diuerse places. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xxv. 115 Sum has..astrolabres of gold, sum speres of precious stanes. ?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Aaii Whan I shall teche you the spere. 1556 R. Record Castle of Knowl. 73 Set your Sphere before you, and first turn it so that bothe the Poles may touch the Horizont. 1674 J. Moxon Tutor to Astron. & Geogr. (ed. 3) App. 201 As a Sphear is an Astronomical Instrument, it is a complication of material Circles only, so fitted together that they represent all the imaginary Circles and motions of the eighth Sphear, and the Circles and motions of all the Planets about the Earth. 1701 T. Tuttell Descr. Math. Instruments in J. Moxon Math. made Easie (ed. 3) 19 Sphere, made of Silver or Brass Hoops, or Rings, representing the Principal Circles of the Sphere (called a material Sphere). 1774 J. Bryant New Syst. (new ed.) I. 341 They had the use of the sphere, and were acquainted with the zodiac. 1821 Turner's Easy Introd. Arts & Sci. (ed. 18) 172 He [Atlas] was..the first who represented the world by a sphere. 1864 H. Spencer Illustr. Progress 172 Then came the sphere of Berosus,..and the quadrant of Ptolemy. 2. a. One or other of the concentric, transparent, hollow globes imagined by the older astronomers as revolving round the earth and respectively carrying with them the several heavenly bodies (moon, sun, planets, and fixed stars).The number of these was originally supposed to be eight, subsequently increased to nine and finally to ten by the addition of the primum mobile n. and the crystalline sphere (see crystalline adj. 1). ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > celestial sphere > zone of celestial sphere > sphere of ancient astronomy > [noun] liftOE heavenOE wheelc1175 welkina1325 spherec1374 elementc1384 firmamentc1386 roundnessa1398 movablec1400 orbc1449 concavity1483 concameration1625 subcelestial1644 orbit1727 c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde v. 1809 His lighte gost ful blysfully is went Vp to þe holwghnesse of þe seuenþe spere. c1381 G. Chaucer Parl. Foules 59 After shewede he hym the nyne speris. c1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 65 Yn ordynance of þe heuens and of þe speres, and þe disposicioun of þe planetes. c1450 Treat. Astrol. (Ashm. 337) 8 b In the firmament above the viij spere there is a brode cercle ful of sterris. ?a1533 J. Frith Bk. answeringe Mores Let. (1548) 62 Ye hyghest sphere.. with his swift mouying doth violently drawe the inferiour Spheares with him. 1559 W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 10 This region do in contayne .x. spheres. 1628 O. Felltham Resolves: 2nd Cent. xxvii. sig. N3v Some will know Heauen as perfectly, as if they had been hurried about in euery Spheare. 1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §49 I grant that two bodies placed beyond the tenth Spheare..could not behold each other. View more context for this quotation 1695 Ld. Preston tr. Boethius Consol. Philos. i. (1712) 8 He saw of every wandring Star The various Motions through each Sphear. 1827 R. Pollok Course of Time II. x. 247 The spheres stood still, and every star Stood still and listened. 1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 20 This notion of the seven heavens appears to have been taken from the ‘seven spheres’. b. In references to the harmonious sound supposed to be produced by the motion of these spheres; in later use esp. in the phrase the music of the spheres. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > celestial sphere > zone of celestial sphere > sphere of ancient astronomy > [noun] > with reference to sound produced by spherec1381 society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > [noun] > music of the spheres planetinga1593 the music of the spheres1698 c1381 G. Chaucer Parl. Foules 61 Aftyr that the melodye herde he That comyth of thilke speris thryes thre. c1400 Pilgr. Sowle (1859) v. i. 70 The cause of this melodye is the merueylous mouyng, and wonderfull tornyng of the spyeres. a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) iii. i. 109 I had rather heare you, to solicit that, Then Musicke from the spheares . View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) v. ii. 83 His voyce was propertied As all the tuned Spheres . View more context for this quotation 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 191 Our Organs are the Musick of the Spheres to them. 1733 A. Pope Ess. Man i. 228 If Nature thunder'd in his opening ears, And stunn'd him with the music of the Spheres. 1827 R. Pollok Course of Time I. i. 24 The chiming spheres, By God's own finger touched to harmony. a1882 D. G. Rossetti Site Mulberry Tree 12, in Wks. (1886) I. 285 This deaf drudge, to whom no length of ears Sufficed to catch the music of the spheres. c. Used as a standard of comparison to denote a great difference in rank, intelligence, etc. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > [noun] > distinction of class > level or grade > difference between sphere1633 social space1925 1633 S. Marmion Fine Compan. iv. i He may be styl'd a civil gentleman, ten spheres below a fool. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica i. iii. 12 Although their [i.e. tutelary spirits] condition and fortunes may place them many Spheres above the multitude. 1859 G. Meredith Ordeal Richard Feverel I. xviii. 284 Ere long he meets Ralph, and discovers that..he has distanced him by a sphere. d. A place of abode different from the present earth or world; a heaven. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > heaven > [noun] bliss971 heavenOE paradiseOE towera1240 seatc1275 heavenwarda1300 Abraham's bosomc1300 tabernaclea1340 wonea1350 sanctuary1382 pasturec1384 firmament1388 sky?1518 Canaan1548 welkin1559 happy land1562 sphere?1592 heavenwards1614 afterworld1615 patria1707 god-home1848 overworld1858 the invisible1868 ?1592 Trag. Solyman & Perseda i. i. 29 Love. Now will I vp into the brightsome sphere, From whence I sprung, till [etc.]. 1680 R. Graham Poems 2 She..from her lower Circle there Took flight into an higher Sphær. 1817 T. Moore Lalla Rookh iv. 344 If there be some happier sphere, Where fadeless truth like ours is dear. 1863 J. Thomson Sunday at Hampstead ii. iv Being lord in Mohammed's seventh sphere. 1865 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. Rationalism (1878) I. 337 A future sphere, where the injustices of life shall be rectified. 3. One or other of the concentric globes formerly supposed to be formed by the four elements, earth, water, air, and fire; †also, the globe formed by these elements collectively. Now Historical. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > earth > [noun] > globe of older astronomy spherec1380 c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 64 Filosofris..seyn þat undir þe moone is a spere of sotil fier, and in þat is a spere of þe eir, and in eiþer spere of þe watir, and in þe myddil of þe world..spere of þe erþe. c1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 95 Þe mone, vinder whom ys þe spere of þe elemenz, þat er fyre, Eyre, water, and erthe. 1423 Kingis Quair lxxvi Ascending vpward ay fro spere to spere, Through aire and watere and the hote fyre. c1450 J. Lydgate Secrees 166 To chaunge..from the Erthe the Watir and the Ayr, And parte the Ellementys in ther sperys fayr. 1530 J. Rastell New Bk. Purgatory ii. xiii. sig. d3 The fyre therin wyll ascende to the proper place and spere of the element of the fyre. 1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iii. vi. 136 As for the fire, without doubt it hath his sphere (as Aristotle and other Philosophers have held). 1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. ii. 107 By which it most evincingly appears, that water does gravitate in its own Sphære (as they phrase it). 1837 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. I. i. iii. 70 The principle that each element seeks its own place, led to the doctrine, that, the place of fire being the highest, there is, above the air, a sphere of fire. 4. a. With possessive pronoun or genitive: the particular sphere (in sense 2) appropriate to, or occupied by, each of the planets (or the fixed stars). ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > celestial sphere > zone of celestial sphere > sphere of ancient astronomy > [noun] > of particular body circle1340 spherec1374 c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 1495 Furste schal Phebus falle from his spere. c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde v. 656 O brighte Lucina,..ren faste aboute thy spere. 1426 J. Lydgate tr. G. de Guileville Pilgrimage Life Man 20043 The cours off sterrys alle, Mevnge in ther bryhte sperys. 1430–40 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes ix. xxviii Lyke Phœbus shyning in his midday spere. 1508 W. Kennedy Flyting (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems W. Dunbar (1998) I. 211 I perambalit of Pernaso the montayn, Enspirit wyth Mercury fra his goldyn spere. 1556 R. Record Castle of Knowl. 7 The Sphere of the Moone whiche is lowest. 1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream ii. i. 153 Cettaine starres shot madly from their Spheares. a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) ii. i. 188 You would lift the Moone out of her spheare . View more context for this quotation 1656 S. Holland Don Zara i. ii. 73 I can call down Luna when I list from her sphere. 1736 T. Gray Let. 8 May in Corr. T. Gray & W. Mason (1853) 4 The sun's pale sister, drawn by magic strain, Deserts precipitant her darken'd sphere. 1764 T. Reid Inq. Human Mind vi. §1 We can measure the planetary orbs, and make discoveries in the sphere of the fixed stars. 1821 Ld. Byron Cain iii. i, in Sardanapalus 420 Suns, moons, and earths, upon their loud-voiced spheres. 1849 M. Arnold Voice 4 As the kindling glances..Which the bright moon lances From her tranquil sphere. b. figurative. Of deities, persons, or things. ΚΠ a1500 Lancelot of Laik (1870) 170 The mychty gode of loue, That sitith hie in to his spir abuf. 1509 S. Hawes Joyfull Medit. xvi Now gentyll Jupyter..Sendynge downe trouthe from thy fulgent spere. 1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. v. 17 A tale..whose lightest word Would..Make thy two eyes like stars start from their spheres. 1621 J. Lane Tritons Trumpet (B.L. MS Reg. 17B. xv) f. 3 But Chaucer shee bidds com down off his spheare. c1760 T. Smollett Ode to Blue-ey'd Ann 23 When nature from her sphere shall start. 1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles vi. xxxvi. 272 He..greeted him 'twixt joy and fear, As being of superior sphere. c. The orbit of a planet. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > planet > planetary movement > [noun] > orbit augec1392 sphere1595 apsis1601 polar axis1724 1595 E. Spenser Amoretti lx, in Amoretti & Epithalamion sig. D7v Mars in three score yeares doth run his spheare. 1595 E. Spenser Amoretti lx, in Amoretti & Epithalamion sig. D7v The spheare of Cupid fourty yeares containes. 5. a. A place, position, or station in society; an aggregate of persons of a certain rank or standing.In early use directly associated with sense 4b, and used only of elevated rank. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > [noun] estatec1230 statec1300 rowa1350 qualityc1425 calling1477 range1494 line1528 stature1533 respect1601 station1603 gradationa1616 ordinancea1616 repute1615 spherea1616 distance1635 impression1639 civils1650 footing1657 regimen1660 order1667 sect1709 caste1791 status1818 position1829 social status1833 standpoint1875 a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) i. i. 88 He is so aboue me In his bright radience and colaterall light, Must I be comforted, not in his sphere . View more context for this quotation 1678 Young Man's Calling 66 You are ready..to..complain, that the orbe and sphære in which you are placed is low and mean. 1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 28 Any Man, who shined in such a Sphere in that Age in Europe. 1735 J. Swift Humble Addr. to Parl. in Wks. IV. 232 I should think my self obliged in Conscience to act in my Sphere according to that Vote. 1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 112 I saw her just above the horizon, decorating and cheering the elevated sphere she just began to move in. View more context for this quotation 1820 W. Scott Monastery II. ii. 29 The young lady, who seemed to have dropped amongst them from out of another sphere of life. 1885 J. Ruskin Præterita I. vii. 210 The change, for her, was into a higher sphere of society. b. The group of persons with whom one is directly in contact in society. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > [noun] > state of being acquainted > acquaintance > those with whom one is acquainted couthc1000 kithc1000 knownc1350 knowledge1389 kithinga1400 acquaintancea1425 circle1646 sphere1839 1839 J. H. Newman Parochial Serm. IV. xiii. 235 Each knows little about what goes on in any other sphere than his own. 1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xx. 193 It was an assurance to him that his power extended beyond his own immediate sphere. 6. a. A province or domain in which one's activities or faculties find scope or exercise, or within which they are naturally confined; range or compass of action or study. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > duties > [noun] > sphere of work, business, or activity field1340 vineyardc1380 orb1598 spherea1616 province1616 work field1684 purview1688 scope1830 coverage1930 shtick1965 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > branch of knowledge > [noun] > area of study field1340 spherea1616 scope1830 the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > [noun] > business claiming attention > an occupation or affair > affairs > sphere of activity fieldOE limitationc1405 hemisphere?1504 ambitudea1525 world1580 orb1598 spherea1616 ambit1649 scene1737 orblet1841 front1917 parish1940 ballpark1963 shtick1965 a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) ii. vii. 14 To be call'd into a huge Sphere, and not to be seene to moue in't. View more context for this quotation 1635 A. Stafford Femall Glory 219 Divinity not being the spheare wherein my studies move. 1714 A. Pope Rape of Lock (new ed.) ii. 14 Ye know the Spheres and various Tasks assign'd; By Laws Eternal, to th' Aerial Kind. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. iii. 21 A village is..too narrow a sphere for him. View more context for this quotation 1853 C. Brontë Villette I. viii. 141 That school offered for her powers too limited a sphere. 1884 R. Paton Sc. Church vii. 62 Other labourers in similar spheres had left the gloom unbroken. b. With possessive pronouns. Cf. sense 4. ΚΠ 1643 R. Baker Chron. Kings of Eng. iv. 124 All this while the King had moved within his own Spheare, and had done nothing out of the Realme. ?1677 S. Primatt City & Covntry Purchaser & Builder 55 They do buy their materials at cheaper rates than those out of whose sphere it is. 1705 G. Stanhope Paraphr. Epist. & Gospels II. 266 Not..thrusting into Business above our Capacity and proper Sphere. 1780 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting (ed. 2) IV. iv. 68 Each personage is distinct from the rest, acts in his sphere, and cannot be confounded with any other of the dramatis personæ. 1841 Penny Cycl. XXI. 175/1 In his new sphere Seckendorf showed the same activity and good will towards the people as before. 1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. I. xxxiii. 495 Each of which [sc. executive and legislative powers] forms its view as to the matters falling within its sphere. c. In phrases with in and out of, denoting suitability, or the want of it, to surroundings or environment. ΚΠ 1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine iv. i. 10 The Temple, where this glorious Plate shined in its proper sphear. 1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xv. 478 He..told them, that all the time he was in France, he was out of his Sphere. 1762 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting II. iii. 143 He was no sooner at Rome, than he found himself in his sphere. 1832 H. Martineau For Each & All i She is in her own sphere wherever there is grace, wherever there is enjoyment. 7. a. The whole province, domain, or range of some quality, thing, etc. ΚΠ 1602 J. Marston Hist. Antonio & Mellida ii. sig. D2 Ladie, erect your gratious summetry: Shine in the spheare of sweete affection. a1668 W. Davenant News from Plimouth i. i, in Wks. (1673) 2/2 London, the Spheare of Light and harmony. 1704 J. Swift Disc. Mech. Operat. Spirit i, in Tale of Tub 290 There are three general Ways of ejaculating the Soul, or transporting it beyond the Sphere of Matter. 1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 169. ⁋5 They see a little, and believe that there is nothing beyond their sphere of vision. 1777 W. Robertson Hist. Amer. (1783) I. 105 In this course, he came within the sphere of the trade wind. 1849 J. Ruskin Seven Lamps Archit. i. 7 Extending principles which belong altogether to building, into the sphere of architecture proper. 1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) IV. 8 The sphere of mind was dark and mysterious to him. b. Esp. of action, activity, operation, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > [noun] > sphere or scope of operation circuity1542 circuit1597 orb1598 range1622 sphere1661 circle1664 random1667 purview1688 domain1764 purvey1813 preserve1829 scope1830 demesne1851 coverage1930 space1976 1661 A. Cowley Vision Cromwell 27 The bounds of those Laws which have been left them as the sphere of their Authority. 1667 J. Dryden Let. to Sir R. Howard in Annus Mirabilis 1666 Pref. All which, by length'ning of their chain, makes the sphere of their activity the larger. 1726 Bp. J. Butler 15 Serm. xii. 229 The Sphere of Action of..the greatest Part of Mankind is much narrower than the Government they live under. 1783 E. Burke in 9th Rep. Commons Sel. Comm. Bengal, Bahar, & Orissa iii. 29 The spirit..prevailed not only in Bengal, but seems more or less to have diffused itself through the whole Sphere of the Company's Influence. 1836 W. Irving Astoria II. 27 The distrust..had increased in proportion as they approached the sphere of action. 1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin II. xx. 39 Miss Ophelia resolved to confine her sphere of operation and instruction chiefly to her own chamber. c. Similarly with a and plural. Also elliptical. ΚΠ 1726 Bp. J. Butler 15 Serm. xv. 309 A Sphere of Knowledge..to our Capacities. a1797 E. Burke Ess. Abridgm. Eng. Hist. (rev. ed.) in Wks. (1812) V. 529 He agreed to an accommodation, which..only left to himself a sphere of government as narrow as his genius. 1863 A. P. Stanley Lect. Jewish Church I. iii. 72 His history belongs henceforth to a wider sphere. 1866 Duke of Argyll Reign of Law ii. 55 They belong to wholly different spheres of thought. 1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar xiii. 179 Cæsar could only wish for a long absence in some new sphere of usefulness. d. sphere of action (also sphere of influence, sphere of interest): a region or territory (originally esp. in Africa or Asia) within which a particular nation claims, or is admitted, to have a special interest for political or economic purposes. Also elliptical and attributive. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > [noun] > sphere realm?a1425 sphere of action1885 1885 Earl Granville in Hertslet Map of Africa by Treaty (1894) II. 596 A Memorandum of Agreement for separating and defining the spheres of action of Great Britain and Germany in those parts of Africa where the Colonial interests of the two countries might conflict. 1885 Earl Granville in Hertslet Map of Africa by Treaty (1894) II. 598 Their respective spheres of influence in the territories on the Gulf of Guinea. 1890 C. W. Dilke Probl. Greater Brit. II. v. 193 Our South African ‘sphere’. 1898 Westm. Gaz. 25 July 1/2 There is no necessary opposition between the sphere of influence policy and the ‘open-door’ policy. 1950 L. Fischer in R. Crossman God that Failed 223 It provided for a spheres-of-influence division of the areas accessible to Soviet–Nazi aggression. 1973 A. Broinowski Take One Ambassador iv. 43 The Japanese themselves are told they can't resort to force, even in what they see as their own sphere of influence. 1981 Times 21 Feb. 13/5 A programme of reform [in Poland] sufficiently limited to reassure the Russians that their sphere of influence is safe. II. Technical uses, esp. in geometry and arithmetic. 8. a. Geometry. A figure formed by the complete revolution of a semicircle about its diameter; a round body of which the surface is at all points equidistant from the centre. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > [noun] > sphericity or globularity > sphere spherea1398 sphericity1625 spherical1652 the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > three-dimensional > sphere spherea1398 in-sphere1886 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. cxxvii. 1368 Þe spere is a figure yschape al round, and is pere to þe solid in alle parties. c1400 Pilgr. Sowle (1483) v. xiv. 107 Alle thre dymensions in a round body nys but the same, and yf ther be ony difference the spere is not parfyte. 1556 R. Record Castle of Knowl. 17 A Sphere is a sound figure, made by the tournynge of half a circle, tyll it ende where it began to be moued. 1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. xi. f. 315v A Sphere is a figure most apt to all motion, as hauing no base whereon to stay. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage i. ii. 10 Neyther is it yet absolutely round and a perfect sphere. 1698 J. Keill Exam. Theory Earth (1734) 223 A Sphere..whose Center of Gravity coincides with its Center of Magnitude. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) Parallel planes, which divide the diameter of a sphere into equal parts, divide the surface of the sphere into equal parts at the same time. 1840 D. Lardner Treat. Geom. 204 The diameter..on which the generating circle turns is called the axis of the sphere, and its extremities..are called the poles of the sphere. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) I. 394 Draw the complete plan, and project..the external form of the sphere. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > [noun] > sphericity or globularity > sphere > surface of spherea1631 a1631 J. Donne Poems (1650) 7 Shine here to us, and thou art every where; This bed thy center is, these wals, thy spheare. c. Mathematics. The set of all points at a specified distance from a specified point. ΚΠ 1934 C. C. Krieger tr. W. Sierpínski Introd. Gen. Topol. vi. 77 The set K(p,r) (where p ε M, and r > 0) is called an open sphere of centre p and radius r. 1959 E. M. Patterson Topol. i. 3 Since all spheres are homeomorphic, we speak of the sphere, rather than a sphere. 1968 E. T. Copson Metric Spaces iii. 32 If we impose on the set..of all ordered pairs of real numbers the metric ρ(x,y) = max {|x1 − y1|, |x2 − y2|} the spheres are squares. 9. a. A body of a globular or orbicular form; a globe or ball. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > [noun] > sphericity or globularity > sphere > spherical or globular object trendlea900 appleeOE ballc1300 roundc1330 bowl1413 rotundity?a1425 spherea1425 pomec1440 globec1450 orba1500 rotund1550 roundel1589 pompom1748 a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Isa. xxix. 3 And Y schal cumpasse as a round speere, ether trendil, in thi cumpasse. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 227 In the hiȝhte of whom is a spere of brasse conteynenge the bones of Iulyus Cesar. ?1578 W. Patten Let. Entertainm. Killingwoorth 67 With obelisks, sphearz, and white bearz all of stone vpon theyr curioouz basez. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 355 Of Celestial Bodies first the Sun A mightie Spheare he fram'd. View more context for this quotation 1747 B. Franklin Let. 1 Sept. in Exper. & Observ. Electr. (1751) 17 Our spheres are fixed on iron axes, which pass through them. 1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho I. i. 44 The changing moon forsakes this shadowy sphere. 1831 D. Brewster Treat. Optics xxviii. 237 If we place a sphere of glass in a glass trough of hot oil. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Locksley Hall in Poems (new ed.) II. 108 Lying in dark-purple spheres of sea. 1875 C. Darwin Insectivorous Plants vi. 95 The fourth [cube] was converted into a minute sphere surrounded by transparent fluid. b. The rounded mass of such a body. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > [noun] > sphericity or globularity > sphere > spherical or globular object > rounded mass of sphere1555 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. i. f. 3v The iudgement of auncient wryters as touchynge the bignesse of the Sphere and compasse of the Globe. 1663 S. Patrick Parable of Pilgrim (1687) xxxvi. 470 To colour the cheeks of our Apples, and enlarge the Sphere of our Cabbages. 1827 T. Hood Plea Midsummer Fairies i, in Plea Midsummer Fairies & Other Poems 1 With a broader sphere The Moon looks down on Ceres and her sheaves. 1830 Ld. Tennyson Mermaid in Poems 30 All things..Would lean out from the hollow sphere of the sea. 1858 W. Greener Gunnery in 1858 79 Until the flat surface is nearly equal to the diameter of the sphere of the ball. c. The surface or material of a circular object. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > roundness > [noun] > circularity > a circle > a circular object > surface or material of sphere?1611 ?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads xiv. 154 A girdle, whose rich sphere a hundred studs impress'd. d. Crystallography. sphere of projection: an imaginary sphere surrounding a crystal, on to which a point in each face of the crystal is projected; cf. projection n. 2c. ΚΠ 1878 H. P. Gurney Crystallogr. 32 The diameter of the sphere of projection which is at right angles to the zone plane is called the zone axis. 1895 N. Story-Maskelyne Crystallogr. ii. 27 On the sphere of projection, and the principles of its stereographic representation. 10. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > symbol of office or authority > regalia > [noun] > orb spherea1387 pomec1440 ballc1475 mound1488 globe1582 orb1602 tut1674 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 235 The riȝt hond holdynge þe spere, þat is þe roundenesse and þe liknesse of þe world. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lxxxxiv A hande of golde holdyng a spere of the worlde. b. An orb of the mundane system; a planet or star. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > heavenly body > [noun] candle937 lightOE starsc1225 ballc1300 bodya1398 celestinec1430 heavenly bodya1475 luminair1477 luminary1489 streamer1513 host or hosts of heaven1535 globe1555 orb1565 sphere1598 planet1640 superstar1910 1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie iii. x. sig. H3v A hall, a hall, Roome for the Spheres, the Orbes celestiall Will daunce Kemps Iigge. a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) i. i. 67 All kinde of Natures That labour on the bosome of this Sphere . View more context for this quotation 17.. Watts Hymn, ‘God is a Name of my Soul adores’ ii Thy Voice produc'd the Sea and Spheres. 1837 C. Babbage 9th Bridgewater Treat. iii. 57 He has traced the orbits of earth's sister spheres. 1871 J. S. Blackie Four Phases Morals i. 20 We attempt ambitiously to measure the remote movement of the spheres. Compounds C1. General attributive. sphere-born adj. ΚΠ 1645 J. Milton At Solemn Musick in Poems 22 Sphear-born harmonious Sisters, Voice, and Vers. sphere-descended adj. ΚΠ 1747 W. Collins Odes 51 O Music, Sphere-descended Maid. sphere-filled adj. ΚΠ 1855 P. J. Bailey Mystic 82 The holy image of the sphere-filled air. sphere-found adj. ΚΠ 1747 W. Collins Odes 30 The secret Builder knew to chuse, Each sphere-found Gem of richest Hues. sphere-headed adj. ΚΠ 1786 J. Abercrombie Arrangem. Plants 56 in Gardeners Daily Assistant Sphere headed greater [thistle]. sphere-like adj. ΚΠ 1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 23 In manner Spherelike it hath one within an other. 1719 in T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth V. 119 Last of all there should appear, Seven Eunuchs sphere-like Singing here. 1896 Appletons' Pop. Sci. Monthly Feb. 507 The water..breaks up into spherelike globules. sphere-tuned adj. ΚΠ 1636 T. Sanford in Ann. Dubrensia sig. G3v And how your Swaines, will leave Posteritie Sphære-tuned Sonnets. 1752 H. Moore To Mem. of Dr. Doddridge xi I seem to..catch sweet Music from thy Sphere-tun'd Tongue. C2. a. In the sense ‘of or pertaining to the celestial spheres’, as sphere-fire, sphere-harmony, sphere-melody, sphere-metal, sphere-music, sphere-song, sphere-tune. ΚΠ 1609 G. Markham Famous Whore (1868) 33 Angels learnt their sphear-tunes from my voice. 1645 J. Milton On University Carrier ii, in Poems 29 So hung his destiny never to rot..Made of sphear-metal, never to decay Untill his revolution was at stay. 1820 P. B. Shelley Cloud in Prometheus Unbound 199 The sphere-fire above its soft colours wove. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. iii. vi. 129 The Sphere-music of Parlementary eloquence begins. 1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes iii. 135 The Greeks fabled of Sphere-Harmonies. 1858 E. H. Sears Athanasia xvii. 143 We..strike out bravely for the sphere-melodies. 1878 R. Browning La Saisiaz 24 I shall no more dare to..Pass off human lisp as echo of the sphere-song out of reach. b. In the sense ‘having the form of a sphere’, as sphere-crystal. ΚΠ 1882 S. H. Vines tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. (ed. 2) 63 It crystallises in the form of so-called Sphere-crystals,..consisting of crystalline elements disposed in a radiate manner. 1885 G. L. Goodale in A. Gray & G. L. Goodale Bot. Text-bk. (ed. 6) II. i. i. 53 Both forms have been termed Sphæraphides and Sphere-crystals. C3. sphere gap n. a form of spark gap with two spherical electrodes, used esp. in devices for measuring high voltages. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > discharge of electricity > [noun] > point of discharge > gap spark-gap1889 sphere gap1913 needle gap1916 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > voltage > [noun] > higher than usual voltage > used in measuring sphere gap1913 1913 Trans. Amer. Inst. Electr. Engineers 32 739 The sphere gap has been suggested as a standard instrument to be used in the measurement of high voltage. 1962 Newnes Conc. Encycl. Electr. Engin. 767/2 The measurement and recording of testing voltages requires either a voltage divider..or a sphere gap..capable of measuring the peak voltage. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online June 2022). spherev. 1. transitive. To enclose in or as in a sphere; to encircle, engirdle, surround. Also with about. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclose [verb (transitive)] > enclose in a receptacle or surrounding mass > in a receptacle > in or as in a sphere emball1580 embow1605 sphere1607 ensphere?1614 orba1644 englobe1797 inorb1847 1607 G. Chapman Bussy D'Ambois i. 2 Spreading all our reaches, As if each priuate Arme would sphere the world. ?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads xviii. 185 When any towne is spher'd With siege of such a foe, as kils mens mindes. a1627 T. Middleton & W. Rowley Old Law (1656) v. 75 A place at hand we were all strangers in So spheard about with Musik. 1856 E. B. Browning Aurora Leigh iii. 100 I resolved by prose To make a space to sphere my living verse. 1866 W. R. Alger Solitudes Nature & Man ii. 43 Mourners, sphered by their dark garb in a sacred and touching solitude. 2. a. To make into a sphere; to fill up or ‘crown’ with liquor. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [verb (intransitive)] > supply generous amount sphere1608 to push the boat out1920 the world > space > place > presence > fact of taking up space > take up (space or a place) [verb (transitive)] > fill > to overflowing pilea1450 crown1595 swell1602 sphere1608 overflow1650 full (also to fill) to overflowing1797 the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > make into curved three-dimensional shape [verb (transitive)] > make spherical or globular embowlc1595 orb1600 englobe1611 ensphere1640 globe1641 spherea1849 spherify1848 1608 B. Jonson Masque of Blacknesse in Characters Two Royall Masques 285 An vrne spheard with wine. a1849 H. Coleridge Ess. & Marginalia (1851) I. 272 Who could endure to see the sweet creature take a trumpet and sphere her bias cheeks like fame? b. figurative. To form into a rounded or perfect whole. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > make complete [verb (transitive)] complec1315 accomplish1524 consummate1530 sphere?1615 complete1667 exact1669 ?1615 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses (new ed.) xviii. 297 That no more my mone Might waste my blood..For want of that accomplisht vertue spher'd In my lou'd Lord. 1622 T. Dekker & P. Massinger Virgin Martir iv. sig. H4 You hitherto Haue still had goodnes spher'd within your eyes, Let not that Orbe be broken. 1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess iv. 71 Not vassals to be beat,..but living wills, and sphered Whole in ourselves and due to none. 3. a. To place in a sphere or among the spheres; to set in the heavens. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > celestial sphere > zone of celestial sphere > sphere of ancient astronomy > sphere [verb (transitive)] > place in sphere sphere1609 concamerate1625 undersphere1652 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida i. iii. 90 And therefore is the glorious planet Sol, In noble eminence enthron'd and spherd, Amidst the other. View more context for this quotation 1657 W. Morice Coena quasi Κοινὴ xxii. 215 All that fire which is spheared on high and separate from commixture, is a pure element. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 247 Light..from her Native East To journie through the airie gloom began, Sphear'd in a radiant Cloud. View more context for this quotation 1820 P. B. Shelley Fiordispina 26 But thou art as a planet sphered above. 1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess iv. 86 I would have reach'd you, tho' you been Sphered up with Cassiopëia. 1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam ix. 12 Sphere all your lights around, above; Sleep, gentle heavens, before the prow. View more context for this quotation b. figurative. To set aloft or aloof; to place above the common reach. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > majesty, glory, or grandeur > exaltation or glorification > exalt or glorify [verb (transitive)] heavec825 higheOE brightenOE clarifya1340 glorifya1340 enhancec1374 stellifyc1384 biga1400 exalt?a1400 raisea1400 shrinea1400 to bear up?a1425 enhighc1440 erect?a1475 assumec1503 amount1523 dignifya1530 to set up1535 extol1545 enthronize1547 augment1567 sublimate?1567 sublime1568 assumptc1571 begoda1576 royalize1589 suscitate1598 swell1601 consecrate1605 realize1611 reara1616 sphere1615 ingreata1620 superexalta1626 soara1627 ascend1628 rise1628 embroider1629 apotheose1632 grandize1640 engreaten1641 engrandizea1652 mount1651 intronificate1653 magnificent1656 superposit1661 grandify1665 heroify1677 apotheosize1695 enthrone1699 aggrandize1702 pantheonize1801 hoist1814 princify1847 queen1880 heroize1887 1615 R. Brathwait Strappado 190 The minds internall soueraignesse doth sit, As a great Princesse, much admired at, Sphered and reared in her chaire of state. a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia: Richard II lxxxii, in Poems (1878) III. 157 Maiestie should be sphear'd Beyond the common Eye. 1853 E. Bulwer-Lytton My Novel II. vi. v. 112 The pale reflex and imitation of some bright mind, sphered out of reach and afar. 1861 J. C. H. Fane & Ld. Lytton Tannhäuser 14 That so august a spirit, sphered so fair, Should from the starry sessions of his peers Decline. 4. To send about in a circle; to turn round in all directions. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement in circle or curve > cause to move in circle or curve [verb (transitive)] > move in circle round something > cause to move in circle rounda1460 circumvolve1610 orb1641 sphere1648 circumagitate1660 circumact1667 the world > movement > motion in specific manner > revolution or rotation > revolve or rotate [verb (transitive)] turnOE trillc1386 gyrec1420 rote?1533 tirl1543 to turn round1555 revolve1559 circumvert1578 circumgyre1635 circumrote1635 circumgyrate1647 circumvolve1647 veera1649 twist1769 rotate1777 sphere1820 1648 R. Herrick Hesperides sig. L7 We'l still sit up, Sphering about the wassail cup, To all those times, Which gave me honour for my Rhimes. 1820 J. Keats Hyperion: a Fragm. i, in Lamia & Other Poems 152 Open thine eyes eterne, and sphere them round Upon all space. 5. intransitive. To centre in something. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > central condition or position > mark or be the centre of [verb (transitive)] > centre in something concentre1600 centre1603 incentre1611 revolve1815 sphere1852 1852 D. Masson in Brit. Q. Rev. Nov. 541 The very same soul..was also related with inordinate keenness and intimacy to all that this life spheres in. Derivatives ˈsphering n. (also attributive). ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > celestial sphere > zone of celestial sphere > sphere of ancient astronomy > [noun] > being placed in sphering1818 1818 J. Keats Endymion ii. 65 One of those Who, when this planet's sphering time doth close, Will be its high remembrancers. 1877 J. A. Symonds Renaissance in Italy vi. 323 How those mighty master spirits watched the sphering of new planets in the spiritual skies. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online December 2020). > see alsoalso refers to : -spherecomb. form < n.a1300v.1607 see also |
随便看 |
英语词典包含1132095条英英释义在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法,是英语学习的有利工具。