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单词 spoil
释义

spoiln.

Brit. /spɔɪl/, U.S. /spɔɪl/
Forms: Middle English, 1500s–1600s spoyle, Middle English, 1500s–1700s spoile, Middle English, 1500s– spoil, 1500s spoylle, 1600s–1700s spoyl; Middle English spuyle, Middle English spuyl. See also spulyie n.
Etymology: < Old French espoille, espuille, < espoillier (see spoil v.1); or directly < spoil v.1 In senses 5, 6 after Latin spolium, plural spolia. As in the verb, there are notable gaps in the continuity of the older senses.
I. Senses relating to booty or plunder.
1. Goods, esp. such as are valuable, taken from an enemy or captured city in time of war; the possessions of which a defeated enemy is deprived or stripped by the victor; in more general sense, any goods, property, territory, etc., seized by force, acquired by confiscation, or obtained by similar means; booty, loot, plunder.
a. In collective singular.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > stolen goods > [noun] > spoil or plunder
reifOE
fang1016
fengc1175
purchasec1325
predec1330
robberyc1330
robbingsc1330
spoila1340
spoila1382
chevisance1393
waitha1400
fee14..
pilferc1400
pelfa1425
spreathc1425
butinc1450
emprisec1450
gain1473
despoil1474
pelfry?a1475
pilfery1489
spulyie1507
cheat1566
bootinga1572
booty1574
escheat1587
boot1598
exuvial1632
bootyn1635
polling1675
expilation1715
prog1727
swag1794
filch1798
spreaghery1814
stake1819
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > stolen goods > [noun] > spoil or plunder > taken in war or raid
here-fengc1275
preya1325
wainc1330
spoila1340
ravinc1350
spoila1382
pillagea1393
forayc1425
booty1474
trophya1522
prize1522
sackage1609
boot-haling1622
free-booty1623
plunder1647
capture1706
loot1839
sack1859
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Jer. xxi. 9 Who forsothe shul..flee to the Caldeis that besegen ȝou, shal lyue, and be shal to hym his soule as spoile.
a1400 K. Alis. 2555 After þat was parted þe spoyle.
a1400 K. Alis. (Laud) 986 Alisaundre took þe spoyle of þe cite.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 274 Spoyle that is gotten in warfare, despoille.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 300 All suche as were at this battayle, were all made riche..by wynning of Golde, Siluer, plate, and Jewels, that was there found in the spoyle.
1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias 163 With this spoyle the king of Calicut remained..ill contented.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) v. vi. 43 That we look'd For no lesse Spoile, then Glory. View more context for this quotation
1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 1203 As on my enemies, where ever chanc'd, I us'd hostility, and took thir spoil . View more context for this quotation
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VIII. 120 If they meet with an insect,..several of them will fall upon it at once, and having mangled it, each will carry off a part of the spoil.
1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1787) III. 467 They were more ambitious of spoil than of glory.
1821 W. Scott Pirate I. vii. 179 Several of the people..of Jarlshof were now hastening along the beach, to have their share in the spoil.
1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece V. xliii. 270 He led his army back..laden with the spoil of Locris.
1876 G. D. Mathews Coinages of World xiv. 123 Prussia and Austria then attacked Denmark and took Holstein and Schleswig from it, finally quarrelling over the spoil.
figurative.1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 61 To gather Laurel-berries, and the Spoil Of bloody Myrtles. View more context for this quotation1816 Ld. Byron Prisoner of Chillon i. 3 My limbs are bowed, though not with toil, But rusted with a vile repose, For they have been a dungeon's spoil.
b. In plural. Also more fully in the spoils of war.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > stolen goods > [noun] > spoil or plunder
reifOE
fang1016
fengc1175
purchasec1325
predec1330
robberyc1330
robbingsc1330
spoila1340
spoila1382
chevisance1393
waitha1400
fee14..
pilferc1400
pelfa1425
spreathc1425
butinc1450
emprisec1450
gain1473
despoil1474
pelfry?a1475
pilfery1489
spulyie1507
cheat1566
bootinga1572
booty1574
escheat1587
boot1598
exuvial1632
bootyn1635
polling1675
expilation1715
prog1727
swag1794
filch1798
spreaghery1814
stake1819
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > stolen goods > [noun] > spoil or plunder > taken in war or raid
here-fengc1275
preya1325
wainc1330
spoila1340
ravinc1350
spoila1382
pillagea1393
forayc1425
booty1474
trophya1522
prize1522
sackage1609
boot-haling1622
free-booty1623
plunder1647
capture1706
loot1839
sack1859
(a)
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter cxviii. 162 I sall be glad on þi wordis as he þat fyndis spoils many.
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xlix. 27 The morwen tide he shall eete a pray, and the euen~tide he shal dyuyde spoylis.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xi. 22 Sothli if a strongere comynge aboue ouercome him, he..schal dele abrood his spuylis.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Macc. viii. 27 So they toke their weapens and spoyles & kepte the Sabbath, geuynge, thankes vnto the Lorde.
1601 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Trauellers Breuiat 103 The Tartars choosing this for their seate and countrie, beautified it with the spoiles of Asia.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) ii. i. 82 I haue loaden me with many Spoyles, Vsing no other Weapon but his Name. View more context for this quotation
1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. iii. 37 Why did they not..preserve the spoiles of the cloisters for publick and charitable uses?
1712 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1889) III. 311 Offering to him the Spoyls of the Enemy.
1746 W. Dunkin tr. Horace in P. Francis & W. Dunkin tr. Horace Epistles ii. ii. 36 A common Soldier, who by various Toils And Perils gain'd a Competence in Spoils.
1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 81 Are the curates to be seduced from their bishops, by holding out to them the delusive hope of a dole out of the spoils of their own order? View more context for this quotation
1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward II. iii. 60 A rich Turkey carpet, the spoils of the tent of a Pacha after the great battle of Jaiza.
1868 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. I. 325 The great spoils of which the king had possessed himself.
1891 F. W. Farrar Darkness & Dawn II. lxi. 285 Informers who had recently been enriched with the spoils of the innocent.
figurative.1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 159 Now gentle gales..dispense Native perfumes, and whisper whence they stole Those balmie spoiles . View more context for this quotation1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 133 The new islands which are sometimes formed from the spoils of the continent.(b)1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 147 Mighty Cæsar, thund'ring from afar, Seeks on Euphrates Banks the Spoils of War . View more context for this quotation1865 C. Stanford Symbols Christ (1878) i. 6 Who after a long pursuit recovered the prisoners with all the spoils of war.1892 L. Villari tr. P. Villari Life & Times Machiavelli (new ed.) II. ii. iv. 184 Only of the spoils of war has the prince the right to be lavish.
c. transferred. That which is or has been acquired by special effort or endeavour; esp. objects of art, books, etc., collected in this way.Sometimes with slight suggestion of the primitive sense.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > acquisition > [noun] > that which is obtained or acquired > by special effort or sacrifice
purchase1597
spoil1751
1751 T. Gray Elegy xiii. 7 But Knowledge to their eyes her ample page Rich with the spoils of time did ne'er unroll.
1751 H. Walpole Lett. (1846) II. 390 I had just seen her collection,..composed of the spoils of her father's and the Arundel collections.
1820 W. Hazlitt Table-talk (1911) xvii. 252 The Louvre is stripped of its triumphant spoils.
1868 M. E. Grant Duff Polit. Surv. 7 I found him surrounded by the literary spoils which he had brought across the Alps.
1892 Daily News 23 Dec. 6/4 The plates represent the spoil of all the great galleries of Europe.
†d. plural. (See quots.) Obsolete. [ < French dépouilles.]
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > possessions > [noun] > heritable property > property left by deceased > by deceased clergy
spoil1725
1725 D. Cotes tr. L. E. Du Pin New Eccl. Hist. 17th Cent. I. ii. iii. 48 The Name of Spoils was given to the Goods the Clergy left at their Demise.
1772 T. Nugent tr. J. F. de Isla Hist. Friar Gerund II. iv. ii. 21 His spoils (so it is usual in communities to call the effects left by the deceased Religious) consisted almost intirely of his manuscript sermons.
e. The public offices, or positions of emolument, distributed among the supporters of a successful political party on its accession to power. Chiefly U.S. and in plural.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > [noun] > offices distributed among supporters
spoil1770
singular.
1770 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xli. 127 Who is there so senseless as to renounce his share in a common benefit, unless he hopes to profit by a new division of the spoil.
a1794 E. Gibbon Memoirs in Misc. Wks. (1796) I. 164 From a principle of gratitude I adhered to the coalition: my vote was counted in the day of battle, but I was overlooked in the division of the spoil.
1812 Massachusetts Ho. Repres. to Governor The weaker members of the party..would be overlooked..; whilst the more powerful would disagree in the division of the spoil.
plural.1830 J. S. Johnson in Congressional Deb. 2 Apr. 299 The country is treated as a conquered province, and the offices distributed among the victors, as the spoils of the war.1843 J. G. Whittier What is Slavery? in Wks. (1889) III. 107 Leave these to parties contending for office, as the ‘spoils of victory’.1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. II. l. 271 The post of policeman is ‘spoils’ of the humbler order, but spoils equally divided between the parties.
2.
a. The action or practice of pillaging or plundering; the carrying off or taking away of goods as plunder; rapine, spoliation. Now Obsolete or archaic.Frequently c1550–1625, esp. without article.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > spoliation or depredation > [noun]
purchasec1325
ridding1347
riflinga1350
despoilingc1374
preya1375
spoilingc1380
pillagea1393
shavaldrya1400
destrition14..
pillingc1400
pillery1433
spulyieingc1440
rapinea1450
spoliationc1460
depopulation1462
spulyie1464
depredation1483
despoil1483
predationa1500
pilferya1513
pollinga1513
spoil1532
pilling and pollinga1535
pilfering1548
expilation1563
rapt1584
escheat1587
fleecing1593
spoilage1597
depilation1611
manubiary1616
pillaging1629
plundering1632
exspoliation1634
peeling1641
despoliation1658
plunder1661
plunderage1700
spoliage1806
despoilment1822
1532 T. Cromwell in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell (1902) I. 348 The hole spoyle and eloyning of the sayd goods & plate was made onely by the sayd Edmond Knyghtley.
1551 T. Lever Serm. xiiii. December (new ed.) Epist. sig. A.iii Suche Scottes or Ffrenchemen, as makyng spoyle for theyr owne profit, would not spare to dystroye thys realme.
1592 in J. Morris Troubles Catholic Forefathers (1877) (modernized text) 3rd Ser. 19 He..had a bag of money..which..he had before gotten by the spoil of Catholics.
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 79 So was the citie of Constantinople..for that time saued from saccage and spoile.
1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. 49 The City was yeelded to the spoil, and the Spaniards took the gold, plate and feathers.
1710 O. Sansom Acct. Life 334 The continued cruelty, violence and spoil, that was made upon our Friends.
1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward II. ix. 221 Well were the Liegois then assured, that..this Charles..would have given their town up to spoil.
1829 W. Scott Rob Roy (new ed.) I. Introd. p. lxxxix The alleged acts of spoil and violence on the MacLarens' cattle.
personif.1589 R. Robinson Golden Mirrour sig. D.4v And greedy spoile, spares not to spill, to pray on others good.
b. to make spoil of, to pillage or plunder; to extort or collect goods, provisions, etc., from.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > spoliation or depredation > despoil or prey upon [verb (transitive)]
reaveOE
stripa1225
pill?c1225
robc1225
peela1250
despoil1297
raimc1300
spoilc1330
spoila1340
to pull a finch (also pigeon, plover, etc.)c1387
despoil1393
preya1400
spoila1400
spulyiea1400
unspoila1400
riflec1400
poll1490
to pill and poll1528
to poll and pill1528
exspoila1530
pilyie1539
devour?1542
plume1571
rive1572
bepill1574
fleece1575
to prey over1576
pread1577
disvaledge1598
despoliate1607
to make spoil of1613
expilate1624
to peel and poll1641
depredate1651
violatea1657
disvalise1672
to pick feathers off (a person)1677
to make stroy of1682
spoliate1699
pilfer1714
snabble1725
rump1815
vampire1832
sweat1847
ploat1855
vampirize1888
1613–8 S. Daniel Coll. Hist. Eng. in Wks. (Grosart) IV. 164 [He] enters France in the chiefest time of their fruits, making spoil of all in his way.
1643 R. Baker Chron. Kings of Eng. ii. 34 The Welchmen..breake into the borders of Herefordshire, making spoyle and prey of the Country as freely as if they had leave to doe it.
1891 F. W. Farrar Darkness & Dawn I. xxxii. 313 In this way they made spoil of all the country side.
†3. An act or occasion of pillaging or plundering; an incursion for the sake of booty or plunder; a marauding expedition or raid. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > sacking, raiding, or looting > [noun] > instance(s) of
skeck1297
rapinea1513
skeg1542
spoil1543
ravishment1570
1543–4 Act 35 Hen. VIII c. 12 The same Scottes..make..inuasions, spoyles, burnynges,..and depopulations in this his realme.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. ix. 43 The Turkes haue made dyuers rodes & spoiles into the same.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) iii. xxviii. sig. Zz5v Lycurgus..went toward her, rather as to spoile, then to fight.
1621 Knolles's Gen. Hist. Turkes (ed. 3) 1314 The fregats of Rvssia,..the which had continually made inroades and spoyles vpon his lands.
1646 J. Temple Irish Rebell. (1746) 214 The being found upon Examination guilty of the late Spoils committed most barbarously on the English.
4. An object or article of pillage, plunder, or spoliation; a prey.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > stolen goods > [noun] > spoil or plunder > object of
spoil1594
caravan1684
1594 T. Kyd tr. R. Garnier Cornelia i. 90 The Rocks..if thou sholdst but touch, thou straight becomst A spoyle to Neptune.
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 i. i. 74 And is not this an honorable spoile? A gallant prize? View more context for this quotation
1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. i. 24 So may the Gods who in Olympus dwell Give Priam's treasures to you for a spoil.
1808 W. Wilson Hist. Dissenting Churches I. 251 The Priory of the Holy Trinity..was fixed upon as an early spoil.
1821 W. C. Bryant Ages xvi Oh, Greece! thy flourishing cities were a spoil Unto each other.
II. Senses relating to something stripped off.
5.
a. The arms and armour of a slain or defeated enemy as stripped off and taken by the victor; a set or suit of these. opime spoils [Latin spolia opima] : (see quot. 1770 and opime adj.).
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > [noun] > equipment as spoil
spoila1547
society > armed hostility > military equipment > [noun] > equipment as spoil > article of
spoila1547
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > stolen goods > [noun] > spoil or plunder > taken in war or raid > taken from the slain
spoila1547
a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Certain Bks. Aenæis (1557) ii. sig. Bii Ay me, what one: that Hector how vnlike, Which erst returnd clad with Achilles spoiles.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 170 Before he was full 17 yeres of age, hee had gained already two complete spoiles of his enemies.
1611 W. Mure Mes Amours in Wks. (S.T.S.) I. 10 Ye goddesse airmed With proud, presuming Cupid's conquered spoyle.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 245 Hector, who return'd from toils Of War Triumphant, in Æacian Spoils.
1718 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad IV. xvi. 808 The radiant Arms are by Patroclus born, Patroclus' Ships the glorious Spoils adorn.
1770 J. Langhorne & W. Langhorne tr. Plutarch Lives II. 366 What they take from the enemy in the field, they call by the general name of spoils, but these which a Roman general takes from the general of the enemy, they call opime spoils.
1810 J. Davidson tr. Virgil Wks. (1843) 286 I vow that you..shall be clad in the spoils torn from the pirate's body.
in extended use.a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. xxviii. sig. Gg2v Thou God, whose youth was deckt with spoiles of Pythons skin.figurative.a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. iv. 427 Our abhorrencies and tormenting passions..were designed for our benefit, that in struggling with them we..gain the Spolia opima, the richest spoils.
b. A single article acquired in this way.
ΚΠ
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1646 (1955) II. 504 A Turkish bridle..taken from a Basshaw that he had slaine: With this glorious spoile, I rid the rest of my Journey as far as Paris.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis xii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 582 O pon'drous Spoil [sc. a lance] of Actor slain.
6.
a. The skin of a snake stripped or cast off, esp. that cast off naturally; the slough. Also plural. Now Obsolete or archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Ophidia (snakes) > [noun] > parts of > skin or scale > slough
slougha1300
spoil1601
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 363 As for the skinne or spoile of a snake, if it be put alone in a chist..it wil kil the moth.
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §969 The Wearing of the Spoil of a Snake, for preserving of Health,..is but a Conceit: For that the Snake is thought to renew her Youth, by Casting her Spoil.
1638 W. Rawley tr. F. Bacon Hist. Nat. & Exper. Life & Death 341 Like the old Skin, or Spoile of Serpents.
1739 E. Carter tr. F. Algarotti Sir I. Newton's Philos. Explain'd II. 220 Laying aside it's old Spoils like the Snake, it may again grow young.
b. The cast or stripped-off skin of any animal.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > [noun] > a skin or hide
hidea900
skin1340
pellet1440
casea1569
spoil1664
felt1708
1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 12 House spiders have..a sleek thin skin: which they change once a moneth, sayes Muffet; though I hardly believe they cast their spoils so often.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 113 Skins of Beasts, the rude Barbarians wear; The spoils of Foxes, and the furry Bear. View more context for this quotation
1725 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. iv. 593 She..from her azure car, the finny spoils Of four vast Phocæ takes.
1906 C. M. Doughty Dawn in Brit. III. ix. 42 With buskins of the spoil Of mountain broc.
c. plural. The remains of an animal body; the parts left intact or uneaten.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > part or joint of animal > [noun] > parts not eaten or unfit for eating
offal1581
spoils1695
1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 15 (heading) A Dissertation concerning Shells..Proving..that they are the real spoils of once living Animals.
1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 24 These are the real spoils and remains of Sea-Animals.
1704 J. Swift Full Acct. Battel between Bks. in Tale of Tub 243 Numbers of Flies, whose Spoils lay scattered before the Gates of his [sc. the spider's] Palace.
1865 G. F. Berkeley My Life & Recoll. II. 313 I never found the remains of a tench..where were what we denominate the ‘Spoils’ of an otter.
III. The action or an act of spoiling or damaging, and related uses.
7. The action or fact of spoiling or damaging; damage, harm, impairment, or injury, esp. of a serious or complete kind. Now rare.
a. With of (= inflicted on) or possessive pronoun.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [noun]
burstc1000
harmOE
scatheOE
teenOE
evil healc1175
waningc1175
hurt?c1225
quede?c1225
balec1275
damage1300
follyc1300
grill13..
ungain13..
torferc1325
eviltyc1330
wem1338
impairment1340
marring1357
unhend1377
sorrowc1380
pairingc1384
pairmentc1384
mischiefc1385
offencec1385
appairment1388
hindering1390
noyinga1398
bresta1400
envya1400
wemminga1400
gremec1400
wilc1400
blemishing1413
lesion?a1425
nocument?a1425
injuryc1430
mischieving1432
hindrance1436
detrimenta1440
ill1470
untroth1470
diversity1484
remordc1485
unhappinessc1485
grudge1491
wriguldy-wrag?1520
danger1530
dishort1535
perishment1540
wreaka1542
emperishment1545
impeachment1548
indemnity1556
impair1568
spoil1572
impeach1575
interestc1575
emblemishing1583
mishap1587
endamagement1593
blemishment1596
mischievance1600
damnificationa1631
oblesion1656
mishanter1754
vitiation1802
mar1876
jeel1887
1572 in A. Feuillerat Documents Office of Revels Queen Elizabeth (1908) 409 To the grett hurt, spoylle, & dyscredyt of the same.
1592 T. Kyd Trueth Murthering of Brewen 6 It is thou and no man else that can triumph in my spoyle.
1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique ii. lxvi. 414 They rotte and destroy the honie..and the spoile of the honie causeth the bees to die.
1677 R. Gilpin Dæmonol. Sacra i. xviii. 150 The like spoil of Duty is made, when we adventure upon it, in our own strength.
1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 22 Were this Spoil of Iron-work chargeable with nothing but what is contained in the Lead and Nails.
b. With of (= caused by).
ΚΠ
1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. iii. 58 Although God hitherto hath preserued his vineyard from the spoile of these foxes.
1682 W. Penn No Cross, No Crown (ed. 2) xi. 229 Poor Mortals!..who with all their Pride cannot secure themselves from the Spoil of Sickness.
1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 114 Guard them from the invasions and spoil of Beasts.
1820 P. B. Shelley Sensitive Plant in Prometheus Unbound 167 The noonday sun..Mocking the spoil of the secret night.
c. Without const., or with upon; chiefly in to do, make, etc. (great, much) spoil.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > damage > [verb (intransitive)]
woundc897
spilea1325
grieve1398
to bring (also go, put, run) to wrack (and ruin)1412
mangle1533
to do, make, etc. (great, much) spoil1575
wreck1634
trash1970
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > damage > [noun] > damaging or injuring
spillinga1122
impairment1340
marring1357
damaginga1400
defacingc1400
spoiling1479
violation?c1500
facingc1540
deface1556
defacement1561
infection1563
spoil1575
endamageance1594
damagement1603
mismaking1615
empoisonmenta1626
vitiation1635
vitiating1669
spoilage1815
savaging1858
spoliation1867
mucking about1969
1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 358 They will haue a disease in the backe,..and moreouer they shall be in daunger of vtter spoyle.
1605 M. Drayton Poems sig. Gg5v Ruing the spoile done by his fatall hand.
1609 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie iii. sig. C8 Mice, which in winter wont to make most spoile.
a1648 Ld. Herbert Life Henry VIII (1649) 500 Sir John Wallop..landed at Calais, and from thence..did much spoil upon the French.
1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 154 Our three Travellers were oblig'd to keep the Road, or else they must commit Spoil and do the Country a great deal of Damage in breaking down Fences and Gates.
1760 Patrington Haven Act 23 To make such recompence..for any damage or spoil that may be done.
1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 28 Sept. 10/2 He was entitled..to raise minerals from the land, and to commit the necessary damage and spoil without making any compensation.
d. on spoil, spoiling. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > damage > [adjective]
wounding?c1225
marring1567
murdersome?1585
interficient1647
on spoil1750
mauling1778
lethal1942
1750 in J. H. Temple & G. Sheldon Hist. Northfield, Mass. (1875) 378 Thus poorly have our Garrisons been stored; whilst many Hundred Pair of Snow Shoes lie on Spoil some where or other.
†8.
a. An act or instance of spoiling, damaging, injuring, etc.; a damage, impairment, or injury; a piece or work of destruction. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > damage > [noun] > an instance of
violencea1393
wrong1398
scathec1440
spoil1551
1551 T. Lever Serm. xiiii. December (new ed.) Epist. sig. A.iiii In theyr doynges appeareth..a procedyng from euyl vnto worse, by an vncharitable spoyle, & deuyllyshe destruccion.
1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xl. 227 At home spoiles, soilthes, twentie things, are nothing in the parentes heauenly eye.
1598 J. Manwood Treat. Lawes Forrest viii. f. 47v A wast of the forrest is as much by common intendment, as to say, a spoile of the couerts or pasture of the forrest.
1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Bbbb2/1 Waste..signifieth..a spoile made, either in houses, woods, gardens, orchards, &c. by the tenent for terme of life.
1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 19 They creepe up the trees, shake down the fruit, and make a great spoyle.
a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husbandry (1757) 442 I observed in the barley several full-grown ears withered lying along in a track of the field, which seemed to be a great spoil.
†b. A spoiler or destroyer of something. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > damage > [noun] > one who or that which damages
spulyierc1475
marrerc1500
maimer1530
hinderer1532
nipper1535
mangler1561
spoiler1577
truncator1579
batterer1611
spoil?1611
mauler1618
wrecker1882
?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads v. 331 Away flew Venus then, And after her cried Diomed: ‘Away, thou spoil of men’.
9.
†a. A spoiled or waste part of a timber-tree; wood of this kind. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > [noun] > decayed wood
spoil1567
drix1623
punk1678
punk wood1791
fox-wood1889
1567 in F. J. Baigent Coll. Rec. & Documents Crondal (1891) 167 The same tenauntes maye lawfully haue..all the loppes, toppes, barkes, spoyles, and offalles of all..tymbre..trees.
1609 [see sense 7c].
†b. ? A piece of ground spoiled or rendered unserviceable in some way. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > wild or uncultivated land > [noun] > made waste
spoil1609
waste1611
ruinate1774
wastage1823
1609 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1888) III. 334 Commons, Wastes, Spoils, Heaths, Moors, Fishings, Woods, Underwoods and Trees and the Spoil of the same woods.
c. Some thing spoiled or imperfectly executed, esp. in the process of manufacture.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > imperfection > [noun] > that which is imperfect
wind-egg1398
rib-roast1654
wastera1800
semi-form1836
spoil1892
square wheels1924
the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > [noun] > unskilful action or working > clumsy or bungled work
bodge1589
bodgery1592
Paul's work1602
botchery1608
by-work1615
botch1648
hob-job1857
spoil1892
botch-up1915
hack job1918
bodge job1924
bodge-up1959
bodge-up job1994
1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 29 Dec. 3/1 At the termination of the printing the notes are finally counted and packed up for delivery. If there are any ‘spoils’ they are burned.
1898 Westm. Gaz. 7 Mar. 7/1 The Progressives had already given way to the Moderates on two points, but the latter party now declared that this paper was a ‘spoil’.
d. In spoil-five: A drawn game.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > other card games > [noun] > spoil-five > drawn game
spoil1891
1891 in Cent. Dict.
10. technical. Earth or refuse material thrown or brought up in excavating, mining, dredging, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > refuse or rubbish > [noun] > produced in boring, mining, or dredging
redd1527
rede1554
fay1747
ridding1827
spoil1838
halvans1849
bore-meal1870
sludge1871
slickens1882
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > mineral material > [noun] > mining refuse or rubbish
rough1677
old man1747
small1778
stent1778
vestry1784
gobbin1811
spoil1838
stowing1860
dump1865
muck1883
spoil-heap1883
mine-dump1909
1838 F. W. Simms Public Wks. Great Brit. i. 62 About three hundred thousand yards will be taken from this cutting to the embankment north of New Cross, and the remaining quantity will be placed in spoil. The deposit of the spoil and the formation of the embankment are both proceeding rapidly.
1863 Edinb. Rev. Apr. 409 Countless mounds,..which have been gradually formed round the pits, by the accumulation of ‘spoil’, or rubbish which has been brought up from below.
1894 Times 29 Jan. 14/2 The dredged material will be delivered by the buckets..into steel hoppers on either side of the vessel, each of which is capable of containing 7,000 cubic feet of spoil.

Compounds

C1.
a. attributive and in other combinations, chiefly in sense 10, as spoil-earth, spoil-ground, spoil-heap, spoil tip, etc.; also, in sense 1, spoil-hunting adj., spoil-taker. See also spoil bank n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > mineral material > [noun] > mining refuse or rubbish
rough1677
old man1747
small1778
stent1778
vestry1784
gobbin1811
spoil1838
stowing1860
dump1865
muck1883
spoil-heap1883
mine-dump1909
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > mineral material > [noun] > mining refuse or rubbish > tip for
spoil tip1967
1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xxv. viii. 274 The Romans..when they had..driven away the Saracen spoyle-takers [etc.].
1851 T. A. Buckley tr. Homer Iliad iv. 67 The spoil-hunting daughter of Jove..averted the deadly weapon.
1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining 232 Spoil-bank or Spoil-heap, the place on the surface where spoil is deposited.
1891 ‘S. C. Scrivener’ Our Fields & Cities 36 A quarry—a very old one, judging by the many large heaps of spoil-earth..over which grass had grown.
1927 F. B. Young Portrait of Clare i. iii. 34 The black dome of the Mawne Road spoil-heap fell away on her left into the tree-softened contours of Mawne Bank.
1967 Times Rev. Industry May 58/1 Around it [sc. Doncaster] stretches a flat, ill-drained corner of Yorkshire's West Riding, pockmarked with colliery spoil tips.
1972 Times 4 July 3/2 A devastated landscape of abandoned slurry ponds and spoil tips.
1973 Times 18 May 4/5 Above them towered the 300ft Eppleston spoilheap, started in the 1820s and at its peak containing well over 1,500,000 tons of red shale, dwarfing the houses.
b. In sense 1e (plural). See also spoilsman n.
ΚΠ
1833 J. G. Whittier in S. T. Pickard Life & Lett. J. G. Whittier (1895) I. 170 To fall down and do homage to Andrew Jackson with the idolatrous ‘spoils party’ of the day.
1883 Nation 28 June 539 According to the old ways of the spoilsmonger.
C2.
spoils system n. the system or practice of a successful political party giving government or public offices, etc., to its supporters.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > appointment to office > [noun] > system of appointing political supporters
spoils system1839
1839 R. Mayo Polit. Sketches Eight Years in Washington 40 Mr. Jefferson..authorized a friend to compromise with the federalists for..a guarantee against the spoils system.
1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. I. xxxiv. 521 The practice of dismissing Federal officials belonging to the opposite party, and appointing none but adherents of their own party to the vacant places,..is the so-called Spoils System.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

spoilv.1

Brit. /spɔɪl/, U.S. /spɔɪl/
Forms: Past tense and participle spoiled, spoilt. Forms: Middle English spoili, Middle English– spoil, Middle English–1500s spoyll, spoill (Middle English spoillen), Middle English–1600s spoyle (Middle English spoylyn), spoile, Middle English–1700s spoyl, 1800s dialect spile, spwile; Middle English spuyl(e, Middle English spulen, spole. See also spulyie v.
Etymology: < Old French espoillier (espollier ), = Italian spogliare < Latin spoliāre , < spolium : see spoil n. 5, 6 Perhaps also to some extent an aphetic form of despoil v.There are striking gaps in the continuity of some of the earlier senses (compare spoil n.), and in senses 10 – 14 spoil has taken the place of the earlier spill v. The use of spoilt as well as spoiled for the past tense and participle, dating from the 17th cent., is restricted to senses 11 – 14.
I. To strip or despoil, and related uses.
1.
a. transitive. To strip or despoil (a dead or helpless person); esp. to strip (a defeated or slain enemy) of arms and armour. (Cf. 6) Now archaic.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > arming or equipping with weapons > arm or equip [verb (transitive)] > deprive (person) of weapons
spoilc1330
disarmc1425
unarm1560
unweapona1586
disweapon1602
spoil?1611
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > spoliation or depredation > despoil or prey upon [verb (transitive)]
reaveOE
stripa1225
pill?c1225
robc1225
peela1250
despoil1297
raimc1300
spoilc1330
spoila1340
to pull a finch (also pigeon, plover, etc.)c1387
despoil1393
preya1400
spoila1400
spulyiea1400
unspoila1400
riflec1400
poll1490
to pill and poll1528
to poll and pill1528
exspoila1530
pilyie1539
devour?1542
plume1571
rive1572
bepill1574
fleece1575
to prey over1576
pread1577
disvaledge1598
despoliate1607
to make spoil of1613
expilate1624
to peel and poll1641
depredate1651
violatea1657
disvalise1672
to pick feathers off (a person)1677
to make stroy of1682
spoliate1699
pilfer1714
snabble1725
rump1815
vampire1832
sweat1847
ploat1855
vampirize1888
the mind > possession > loss > taking away > take away [verb (transitive)] > deprive (of) > completely > a dead or helpless person
spoilc1330
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 5432 (P.) Þat ylke noble Hamon Romayn Spoiled a Breton þat was slayn.
a1400 Coer de L. 2058 The Griffons..Grete slaughter of our English maked, And spoiled the quick all naked.
1450 Rolls of Parl. V. 212/2 The same mysdoers..murdred and slough the seid William Tresham and spoiled him and robbed hym.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. clxv. f. lxxxxiiii The prysoners..were so nere spoylyd that they were fayne to take vyne leuys to couer with theyr secret Membrys.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 6416 To spoile that spilt kyng he sped ferr.
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. lxxix. 1249 When the conquerour was in disarming and spoiling him whom he had slaine.
1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. iv. 584 The Greeks with Shouts press on, and spoil the Dead.
1757 W. Wilkie Epigoniad ii. 46 To spoil the slain the ardent victor flew.
1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad I. iv. 129 So did the high-born Ajax spoil the corpse of Simoïsus.
†b. To disrobe, unclothe (a person); to divest of clothes. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > undressing or removing clothing > undress or remove clothing [verb (transitive)] > strip or undress a person
to dight nakedc1200
stripa1225
unclothec1300
nakea1350
despoilc1386
spoilc1386
spoila1400
uncleada1400
undighta1400
unarray14..
disarrayc1425
disattire?1473
unray1485
uncover1530
tirr1553
disclothe1570
disvesture1570
uncoat1571
uncase1576
unapparel1577
disrobe1590
unrig1591
unbusk1596
unstrip1596
untire1597
devest1598
unparel1603
unshale1604
unvest1609
disapparel1610
flaya1616
undress1615
disinvest1619
disvest1627
despoil1632
blanch1675
unpack1765
ungarment1805
peel1820
divest1848
divesture1854
c1386 G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale (Petworth MS.) 318 He bade Þat wommen shulden spulen hir riȝt þere.
1388 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) 2 Cor. v. 4 For that we wolen not be spuylid, but be clothid aboue.
c1480 (a1400) St. Anastasia 216 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 413 Þare-for he spoylit þaim in hy, þat he mycht nakit se þare flesch.
†c. reflexive. To unclothe, undress, or disarm (oneself). Also with double object. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > undressing or removing clothing > undress or remove clothing [verb (reflexive)]
stripa1225
spoila1382
unclothea1382
despoil1388
spoila1395
undighta1400
uncase1576
disrobe1581
unreadya1586
untire1597
devest1598
discasea1616
undressa1616
disvest1627
doff1697
tirr1787
unray1825
divest1848
undrape1869
unrind1872
shuck1897
society > armed hostility > military equipment > arming or equipping with weapons > arm [verb (reflexive)] > disarm
spoila1382
spoila1400
disarma1475
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Song of Sol. v. 3 I spoilede me my coote.
a1400–50 Alexander 4962 Þe kyng at his comaundment with his kniȝtis him spoilis, Puttis of to þe selfe serke.
†d. To strip or take off (arms). Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads xv. 492 While these made-in to spoil his arms.
2.
a. To strip (persons) of goods or possessions by violence or force; to plunder, rob, despoil. Also figurative. Now rare or archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > spoliation or depredation > despoil or prey upon [verb (transitive)]
reaveOE
stripa1225
pill?c1225
robc1225
peela1250
despoil1297
raimc1300
spoilc1330
spoila1340
to pull a finch (also pigeon, plover, etc.)c1387
despoil1393
preya1400
spoila1400
spulyiea1400
unspoila1400
riflec1400
poll1490
to pill and poll1528
to poll and pill1528
exspoila1530
pilyie1539
devour?1542
plume1571
rive1572
bepill1574
fleece1575
to prey over1576
pread1577
disvaledge1598
despoliate1607
to make spoil of1613
expilate1624
to peel and poll1641
depredate1651
violatea1657
disvalise1672
to pick feathers off (a person)1677
to make stroy of1682
spoliate1699
pilfer1714
snabble1725
rump1815
vampire1832
sweat1847
ploat1855
vampirize1888
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter ii. 9 Þou sall noght be tyraunt til þaim, to pil þaim & spoile þaim.
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Exod. xii. 36 The Lord ȝaf grace to the puple before the Egipciens, that thei wolden leene hem; and thei spuyleden the Egipciens.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 1774 With mony a legioun ful large, with ledes of armes, Þat now has spyed a space to spoyle Caldeez.
c1400 Pilgr. Sowle (1483) iii. vii. 54 By fals menes and subtyll extorcion they haue spoyled the pore peple.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts ix. 21 Ys nott this he that spoylled them which called on this name?
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. v. 4 [They] had robbed & spoyled him. but..had restored vnto him that which was taken from him.
1624 F. Quarles Iob Militant xiii. 55 Thy hands..have spoyl'd The hopeless Widdow, with her helplesse Child.
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xvii. 85 To robbe and spoyle one another, has been a Trade.
1692 J. Washington tr. J. Milton Def. People Eng. iv. 103 We ought to pray for Highway-men, and for our Enemies... Not that they may Plunder, Spoil and Murder us; but that they may repent.
1851 D. Wilson Archæol. & Prehistoric Ann. Scotl. iv. i. 490 The native chiefs of the [Orkney] islands and neighbouring coasts who had been spoiled and driven from their possessions by the Vikings.
1884 H. R. Haggard Dawn II. viii. 103 He might even be able to spoil that Egyptian George.
in extended use.1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 130 He spoils the Saffron Flow'rs, he sips the blues Of Vi'lets.
†b. In passive with objective complement. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1872) IV. 443 Symple men were spoylede theire goodes.
3.
a. To pillage or plunder (a country, city, house, ship, etc.); to clear of goods or valuables by the exercise of superior force; to ravage or sack.Common in the 17th cent.; now archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > sacking, raiding, or looting > sack, raid, or loot [verb (transitive)]
reaveOE
harrowc1000
ravishc1325
spoil1382
forayc1400
forage1417
riflea1425
distrussc1430
riotc1440
detruss1475
sacka1547
havoc1575
sackage1585
pillagea1593
ravage1602
yravish1609
boot-hale1610
booty-hale1610
plunder1632
forage1642
rape1673
prig1819
loot1845
raid1875
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Exod. iii. 22 Whanne ȝe gon out, ȝe shulen not goon out voyd;..and ȝe shulen spoyle Egipte.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 327 After þat þe Danes hadde i-spoylled Londoun and Kent.
1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VIII. 107 Tweyne of þe kynges schippes were..i-spoyled by men of Cipres.
1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy ii. 3873 Þei..cruelly begonne In al hast to spoillen þe castel.
1442 Rolls of Parl. V. 61/1 The Janueyes..semed..to make the said Sarazynes have good knowledge of the entrees into the said Ile, and there sodenly spoiled ii. Shippes.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Macc. i. 31 When he had spoyled the cite, he set fyre on it.
1597 T. Beard Theatre Gods Iudgements ii. viii. 251 With an army of 500 thousand men he wasted and spoiled al fields, cities, & villages, that he passed by.
1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre ii. iii. 46 Their rich tents which seemed to be the exchequer of the East-countrey, spoiled.
1678 N. Wanley Wonders Little World v. ii. §25. 470/1 In which Tumult the City was sack'd and spoiled.
a1727 I. Newton Short. Chron. 1st Memory in Chronol. Anc. Kingdoms Amended (1728) 20 Sesac spoils the Temple, and invades Syria.
1767 G. Lyttelton Hist. Henry II II. 42 The enemy..entered triumphant into Hereford, spoiled and fired the city, razed the walls to the ground [etc.].
1858 G. MacDonald Phantastes 256 They proceeded, by spoiling the country houses around them, to make a quite luxurious provision.
1859 Ld. Tennyson Guinevere in Idylls of King 232 To slay the folk, and spoil the land.
in extended use.1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Hi He spoyleth his barnes for the sede, and spendeth his goodes to sowe his grounde.1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iv. f. 183v When you haue thus spoyled your Hyues, you shall carry all your Coames into some handsome place.a1631 J. Donne Progresse of Soule xxix, in Poems (1633) 15 Foules they [i.e. fish] pursue not, nor do undertake To spoile the nests industruous birds do make.
†b. = harry v. 2b. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > devastate or lay waste (a place, etc.) > hell
harryc1200
spoilc1400
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xiii. 57 Þe same tyme þat he went till hell and heried it, þe same tyme sall he spoile þe werld.
a1450 J. Myrc Instr. to Par. Priests 509 The eleuenþe [article of the creed] ys for to telle How he wente to spoyle helle.
1563 2nd Tome Homelyes Resurrection Thus is death swalowed vp, by Christes victory, thus is hell spoyled for euer.
1659 J. Pearson Expos. Apostles Creed v. 507 Thus still the Fathers which speak of [Christ's] spoiling hell, of leading captivity captive.
4.
a. To seize (goods) by force or violence; to carry off as spoil; to rob or steal; to take out of or away improperly. Obsolete or archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > spoliation or depredation > despoil or prey upon [verb (transitive)] > make a spoil of (something)
stripc1200
spoilc1380
riflec1391
pilla1393
spoila1400
bezzlec1430
peelc1450
despoil1483
spulyie1488
strip1594
prey1596
pillage1600
plunder1643
scoff1893
c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. I. 21 Þei han more bisynes to spuyle fro men þer worldely goodis.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1285 Alle he spoyled spitously in a sped whyle, Þat Salomon so mony a sadde ȝer soȝt to make.
1529–30 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 353 To arrest Fold..for dyuers thinges spoillid out of our said house contrary to the Custom of the Cittie.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccccv What thinge soeuer was founde there..it was spoyled.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. xv. 15 b [He] put his men there on land to ouerrun, rauish & spoile, all whatsoeuer they shuld find for their aduantage.
1611 Bible (King James) Mark iii. 27 No man can..spoile his goods, except he will first bind the strong man.
1781 W. Cowper Expostulation 62 Jerusalem a prey, her glory soil'd, Her princes captive, and her treasures spoil'd.
1819 P. B. Shelley Men of Eng. iii That these stingless drones may spoil The forced produce of your toil?
in extended use.1549–62 T. Sternhold & J. Hopkins Whole Bk. Psalms xlix. 5 Orels my foes which at my heeles are prest my life to spoyle?1560 Bible (Geneva) Prov. xxii. 23 For the Lord wil..spoile the soule of those that spoile them.
†b. To detract from. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > detract from [verb (transitive)]
to pull the feathers off (a person's fame)c1430
takec1475
spoil1553
to take away1779
1553 R. Eden in tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India Ded. sig. aaijv Wherfore if honest commendacions be a iust reward dew to noble enterprises, so much do they robbe & spoyle from ye dignitie therof, which in any poynt diminishe the same.
5. absol. To commit or practise spoil or pillage; to plunder, ravage.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > spoliation or depredation > commit depredation [verb (intransitive)]
reaveOE
preyc1325
pillc1390
spoilc1400
spreathc1425
rive1489
poinda1500
to rug and reavea1500
to pill and poll1528
pilfer1548
fleece1575
plunder1642
spulyie1835
c1400 Siege Melayne 986 Þou bygynnes sone for to spoyle,..Thou settis more by a littill golde..Þan to fighte one goddes foo.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Job xxiv. 5 The wilde asses in ye deserte go by tymes (as their maner is) to spoyle.
1597 T. Beard Theatre Gods Iudgements i. viii. 251 On this manner hee went spoiling through France.
1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 719 The Danes robbing and spoiling where ever they came.
1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. xiii. 330 A soldier! then you have slain and burnt, and sacked and spoiled?
1867 Ld. Tennyson Victim ii But still the foeman spoil'd and burn'd.
II. To strip of something.
6.
a. To strip (a person, body, etc.) of arms, clothes, or the like. (Cf. sense 1.) Also reflexive. Now archaic.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > arming or equipping with weapons > arm [verb (reflexive)] > disarm
spoila1382
spoila1400
disarma1475
society > armed hostility > military equipment > arming or equipping with weapons > arm or equip [verb (transitive)] > deprive (person) of weapons
spoilc1330
disarmc1425
unarm1560
unweapona1586
disweapon1602
spoil?1611
a1400 Seuyn Sages (W.) 500 He het his sone take, And spoili him of clothes nake.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Lev. vi. 11 He schal be spuylid of the formere clothis.
c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) iv. 9 Iff ony man weere so hardy for to spoyle him of his armys, after þat he were y-buried, he shuld lese his life.
c1480 (a1400) St. Thecla 204 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 438 Son ves tecla..spoylit of hir clathis.
1497 J. Alcock Mons Perfeccionis (de Worde) C iij He wol spoyll hymself of all his garmentes to the entent that his adversary sholde haue noo holde of hym.
?1518 A. Barclay Fyfte Eglog sig. Aiiij They spoyle the lambes, and foxys of the skynne.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. ii. sig. O4v Where they are well receiud, and made to spoile Themselues of soiled armes.
?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads xvi. 462 If I be taken hence Spoiled of mine arms.
1633 A. Munday et al. Stow's Surv. of London (new ed.) 257/1 The Parson..caused his Monument to be broken, his body to be spoiled of his Leaden sheet.
1739 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. (ed. 2) III. Introd. p. xxii Cleonnis killed eight Spartans..and spoiled them of their arms.
1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad II. xv. 102 See'st thou not how eagerly the Greeks Are spoiling Dolops of his arms?
†b. To strip (a tree) of bark. Obsolete. rare.Cf. spoiled adj. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > uncovering > uncover or remove covering from [verb (transitive)] > strip or make bare > strip of outer layer > strip of skin, husk, or bark > strip of bark
bark1545
unbark?1567
disbark1578
spoil1578
delibrate1623
debark1744
rend1893
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball vi. lxxv. 756 The timber waxeth red, assoone as it is spoyled of his rinde.
1652 W. Blith Eng. Improver Improved xxv. 166 And if you spoil them [beech trees] of their Barque, they die.
†7. reflexive. To divest or rid (oneself) of sins, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > undressing or removing clothing > undress or remove clothing [verb (reflexive)]
stripa1225
spoila1382
unclothea1382
despoil1388
spoila1395
undighta1400
uncase1576
disrobe1581
unreadya1586
untire1597
devest1598
discasea1616
undressa1616
disvest1627
doff1697
tirr1787
unray1825
divest1848
undrape1869
unrind1872
shuck1897
the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (reflexive)] > get rid of
spoila1395
quita1400
rid1530
acquit1595
a1395 W. Hylton Scala Perfeccionis (1494) ii. xxxi Spoyle yourself of the olde man with all his dedes.
c1440 Mor. Wisdom 1140 in Macro Plays 73 Spoyll yow of yowur olde synnys & foly.
1582 Bible (Rheims) Coloss. iii. 9 Spoiling your selues of the old man.
8.
a. To deprive, despoil, pillage, or rob of something. †Also const. from (= of).Very common in the 16th cent.; now archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > undressing or removing clothing > undress or remove clothing [verb (transitive)] > strip or undress a person
to dight nakedc1200
stripa1225
unclothec1300
nakea1350
despoilc1386
spoilc1386
spoila1400
uncleada1400
undighta1400
unarray14..
disarrayc1425
disattire?1473
unray1485
uncover1530
tirr1553
disclothe1570
disvesture1570
uncoat1571
uncase1576
unapparel1577
disrobe1590
unrig1591
unbusk1596
unstrip1596
untire1597
devest1598
unparel1603
unshale1604
unvest1609
disapparel1610
flaya1616
undress1615
disinvest1619
disvest1627
despoil1632
blanch1675
unpack1765
ungarment1805
peel1820
divest1848
divesture1854
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > spoliation or depredation > despoil or prey upon [verb (transitive)]
reaveOE
stripa1225
pill?c1225
robc1225
peela1250
despoil1297
raimc1300
spoilc1330
spoila1340
to pull a finch (also pigeon, plover, etc.)c1387
despoil1393
preya1400
spoila1400
spulyiea1400
unspoila1400
riflec1400
poll1490
to pill and poll1528
to poll and pill1528
exspoila1530
pilyie1539
devour?1542
plume1571
rive1572
bepill1574
fleece1575
to prey over1576
pread1577
disvaledge1598
despoliate1607
to make spoil of1613
expilate1624
to peel and poll1641
depredate1651
violatea1657
disvalise1672
to pick feathers off (a person)1677
to make stroy of1682
spoliate1699
pilfer1714
snabble1725
rump1815
vampire1832
sweat1847
ploat1855
vampirize1888
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > spoliation or depredation > despoil or prey upon [verb (transitive)] > make a spoil of (something)
stripc1200
spoilc1380
riflec1391
pilla1393
spoila1400
bezzlec1430
peelc1450
despoil1483
spulyie1488
strip1594
prey1596
pillage1600
plunder1643
scoff1893
a1400–50 Alexander 4419 Ȝe lett men of þar libertes.., Thryngis þam in-to thraldom & of thaire þede spoiles.
1461 Rolls of Parl. V. 478/2 To have spoiled the Coroune of Englond therof, as they didde of the seid Toune.
a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Fii Here magnyfycence is beten downe and spoylyd from all his goodys and rayment.
1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 130 He..ouerruled the Nobilitie, and outfaced the Clergie, spoyling bothe the one and the other, of their liuings.
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 60 The King..banished him into the vtmost bounds of Chanaan, hauing first spoiled him of all his goods.
1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. ii. iii. xv. 179 Some..spoile Persons of their revenewes.
1712 A. Pope tr. Statius First Bk. Thebais in Misc. Poems 11 My Sons their old, unhappy Sire despise, Spoil'd of his Kingdom, and depriv'd of Eyes.
1838 T. Arnold Hist. Rome I. 44 Many were they whom he spoiled of their goods.
1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) IV. 706 He had spoiled many men wrongfully of their inheritance.
b. To deprive or despoil of some quality, distinction, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > loss > taking away > take away [verb (transitive)] > deprive (of) > of an honour, distinction, or office
stripc1320
spoilc1430
regrade1534
exute1535
dishonour1654
c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 195 Wyntir..Spoleth tre and herbe of al ther fresshe bewte.
1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) ii. xx. 47 Though fendes ben obstynate in euyll yet they arn not spoylled of sharpe wytte.
1558 J. Knox First Blast against Monstruous Regiment Women f. 9v God by the order of his creation hath spoiled woman of authoritie and dominion.
1607 T. Rogers Faith, Doctr., & Relig. 7 Spoiling so both the Sonne, and holy Ghost of their deitie, and the whole Trinitie of their properties.
1629 W. Prynne Church of Englands Old Antithesis 80 It spoiles the Lord of the very glory..of his grace.
1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions p. xiii The ‘Constant Warwick’..was in its repairing spoiled of the excellency of its sailing.
1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 263. ⁋4 Anger spoils the Person against whom it is moved of something laudable in him.
1759 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful (ed. 2) ii. §5. 112 When you do this, you spoil it of every thing sublime.
1833 E. B. Barrett tr. Æschylus Prometheus Bound in Prometheus & Misc. Poems 6 Having spoil'd the gods Of glories, bless man with them.
1858 G. MacDonald Phantastes vi. 76 She was giving me, spoiled of my only availing defence, into the hands of my awful foe.
III. To destroy or damage, and related uses.
†9. To carve or cut up (a hen). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparation of fowls > prepare fowls [verb (transitive)] > carve
breakc1330
frushc1430
spoilc1440
enlacea1475
thigh?1478
breast1486
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 470 Sp [o] ylyn, or dysmembryn as menn don caponys or other fowlys,..artuo.
1486 Bk. St. Albans F vij b An Hen spoylede.
1508–13 Bk. Keruynge a j b Spoyle that henne, frusshe that chekyn.
a1661 B. Holyday tr. Juvenal Satyres (1673) 78 'Tis no small difference, with what gesture men Of Art Vnlace a Hare and Spoil a Hen.
1739 ‘R. Bull’ tr. F. Dedekind Grobianus 228 To spoil the fattest Hen our Youth was bid, And this anon he literally did.
†10.
a. To destroy, bring to an end. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > killing > kill [verb (transitive)]
swevec725
quelmeOE
slayc893
quelleOE
of-falleOE
ofslayeOE
aquellc950
ayeteeOE
spillc950
beliveOE
to bring (also do) of (one's) life-dayOE
fordoa1000
forfarea1000
asweveOE
drepeOE
forleseOE
martyrOE
to do (also i-do, draw) of lifeOE
bringc1175
off-quellc1175
quenchc1175
forswelta1225
adeadc1225
to bring of daysc1225
to do to deathc1225
to draw (a person) to deathc1225
murder?c1225
aslayc1275
forferec1275
to lay to ground, to earth (Sc. at eird)c1275
martyrc1300
strangle1303
destroya1325
misdoa1325
killc1330
tailc1330
to take the life of (also fro)c1330
enda1340
to kill to (into, unto) death1362
brittena1375
deadc1374
to ding to deathc1380
mortifya1382
perisha1387
to dight to death1393
colea1400
fella1400
kill out (away, down, up)a1400
to slay up or downa1400
swelta1400
voida1400
deliverc1400
starvec1425
jugylc1440
morta1450
to bring to, on, or upon (one's) bierc1480
to put offc1485
to-slaya1500
to make away with1502
to put (a person or thing) to silencec1503
rida1513
to put downa1525
to hang out of the way1528
dispatch?1529
strikea1535
occidea1538
to firk to death, (out) of lifec1540
to fling to deathc1540
extinct1548
to make out of the way1551
to fet offa1556
to cut offc1565
to make away?1566
occise1575
spoil1578
senda1586
to put away1588
exanimate1593
unmortalize1593
speed1594
unlive1594
execute1597
dislive1598
extinguish1598
to lay along1599
to make hence1605
conclude1606
kill off1607
disanimate1609
feeze1609
to smite, stab in, under the fifth rib1611
to kill dead1615
transporta1616
spatch1616
to take off1619
mactate1623
to make meat of1632
to turn up1642
inanimate1647
pop1649
enecate1657
cadaverate1658
expedite1678
to make dog's meat of1679
to make mincemeat of1709
sluice1749
finisha1753
royna1770
still1778
do1780
deaden1807
deathifyc1810
to lay out1829
cool1833
to use up1833
puckeroo1840
to rub out1840
cadaverize1841
to put under the sod1847
suicide1852
outkill1860
to fix1875
to put under1879
corpse1884
stiffen1888
tip1891
to do away with1899
to take out1900
stretch1902
red-light1906
huff1919
to knock rotten1919
skittle1919
liquidate1924
clip1927
to set over1931
creasea1935
ice1941
lose1942
to put to sleep1942
zap1942
hit1955
to take down1967
wax1968
trash1973
ace1975
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy oneself [verb (reflexive)]
spillc950
waste1548
wrack1564
spoil1578
ruin1585
consume1606
death warrant1721
the world > life > death > killing > suicide > [verb (reflexive)]
murderc1175
spill1390
spoil1578
to make away1581
massacre1591
misdo1599
self-murder1648
to lay violent hands on (or upon)1662
to make away with1667
to rip up1807
suicide1818
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > bring to ruin or put an end to
undoc950
shendOE
forfarea1000
endc1000
to do awayOE
aquenchc1175
slayc1175
slayc1175
stathea1200
tinea1300
to-spilla1300
batec1300
bleschea1325
honisha1325
leesea1325
wastec1325
stanch1338
corrumpa1340
destroy1340
to put awayc1350
dissolvec1374
supplanta1382
to-shend1382
aneantizec1384
avoidc1384
to put outa1398
beshenda1400
swelta1400
amortizec1405
distract1413
consumec1425
shelfc1425
abroge1427
downthringc1430
kill1435
poisonc1450
defeat1474
perish1509
to blow away1523
abrogatea1529
to prick (also turn, pitch) over the perka1529
dash?1529
to bring (also send) to (the) pot1531
put in the pot1531
wipea1538
extermine1539
fatec1540
peppera1550
disappoint1563
to put (also set) beside the saddle1563
to cut the throat of1565
to throw (also turn, etc.) over the perch1568
to make a hand of (also on, with)1569
demolish1570
to break the neck of1576
to make shipwreck of1577
spoil1578
to knock on (in) the head (also rarely at head)1579
cipher1589
ruinate1590
to cut off by the shins1592
shipwreck1599
exterminate1605
finish1611
damnify1612
ravel1614
braina1616
stagger1629
unrivet1630
consummate1634
pulverizea1640
baffle1649
devil1652
to blow up1660
feague1668
shatter1683
cook1708
to die away1748
to prove fatal (to)1759
to knock up1764
to knock (or kick) the hindsight out or off1834
to put the kibosh on1834
to cook (rarely do) one's goose1835
kibosh1841
to chaw up1843
cooper1851
to jack up1870
scuttle1888
to bugger up1891
jigger1895
torpedo1895
on the fritz1900
to put paid to1901
rot1908
down and out1916
scuppera1918
to put the skids under1918
stonker1919
liquidate1924
to screw up1933
cruel1934
to dig the grave of1934
pox1935
blow1936
to hit for six1937
to piss up1937
to dust off1938
zap1976
1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 6v The birde Fiochilus lyueth by the mouth of the Crocodile and is not spoyled.
1581 J. Studley tr. Seneca Hercules Oetæus iii, in T. Newton et al. tr. Seneca 10 Trag. f. 203 I spoylde thy father Hercules; this hand, this hand aleare Hath murdred him.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) v. i. 37 For Gods sake take a house, This is some Priorie, in, or we are spoyl'd . View more context for this quotation
1640 tr. G. S. du Verdier Love & Armes Greeke Princes ii. 123 I was ready to have spoiled you, if you had persisted in your malice.
1724 London Gaz. No. 6305/1 The Horse..ran down a Precipice and was spoil'd.
1726 G. Shelvocke Voy. round World vii. 241 Our launch being with the head towards the sea, I thought we were irretrievably spoil'd now.
reflexive.1601 J. Marston et al. Iacke Drums Entertainm. v. sig. H2v [stage direct. He drawes his Rapier.] Wini. Heele spoile himselfe, lets run and call for helpe.
†b. To inflict serious bodily injury upon (an animal or person). Obsolete (merged in sense 11).
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (transitive)] > wound > wound seriously
forwoundOE
through-woundc1175
undo1530
spoil1577
serve?1794
to fuck up1965
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 119v It must be sene to, that they be euen matched, least the stronger [horse] spoyle the weaker.
1597 F. Vere Comm. 28 The Cap-stain being too strong for my men, cast them against the ships side and spoiled many of them.
1653 H. Cogan tr. Diodorus Siculus Hist. 176 In closing with the Beast he should be sure to hold him so fast as he should not be able to spoile him with his teeth.
1665 Voy. E. Ind. 381 If they strike an Horse, or Camel,..they will so break their bones, as that they will spoil, nay kill them at one blow.
†c. In passive. Of troops: to suffer severely; to be incapacitated for warfare. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > defeat > be defeated [verb (intransitive)] > suffer severely (of troops)
spoil1665
1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 155 While they were thus valiantly fighting, they were cut off by the Guns, at a great distance, and so spoiled with shot, that they were glad at last again to quit the place.
1690 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) II. 101 If our forces had continued longer before it, they had been spoiled [by excessive rain].
d. slang. To damage seriously in boxing. Also transferred.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (transitive)] > wound > wound seriously > in boxing
spoil1811
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > boxing > box [verb (transitive)] > hit unfairly or damage
bruisea1627
ruffian1808
spoil1811
ruffianize1817
1811 Sporting Mag. 38 8 There is not a pugilist on the list whom Belcher could not spoil by a sort of gifted science.
1847 Sporting Life 16 Oct. 106/2 Hudson returned some heavy hitting; but Cannon would not be denied, although he met with a stopper that would have spoiled the upper works of the best chancery lawyer in the kingdom.
1866 Chambers's Jrnl. 20 Jan. 33/1 Come on, you beggar!.. I'll spile your pretty face for you.
11.
a. To damage, impair, or injure, esp. to such an extent as to render unfit or useless; to destroy (entirely or partially) the good, valuable, or effective properties or qualities of; to mar or vitiate completely or seriously.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > cause bad condition in [verb (transitive)]
infect?1440
poison?a1513
violate1555
spoil1563
vitiate1572
waste1572
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > damage > damage or injure [verb (transitive)]
mareOE
shendOE
hinderc1000
amarOE
awemc1275
noyc1300
touchc1300
bleche1340
blemisha1375
spill1377
misdoa1387
grieve1390
damagea1400
despoil?a1400
matea1400
snapea1400
mankc1400
overthrowa1425
tamec1430
undermine1430
blunder1440
depaira1460
adommage?1473
endamage1477
prejudicec1487
fulyie1488
martyra1500
dyscrase?1504
corrupt1526
mangle1534
danger1538
destroy1542
spoil1563
ruinate1564
ruin1567
wrake1570
injury1579
bane1587
massacre1589
ravish1594
wrong1595
rifle1604
tainta1616
mutilea1618
to do violence toa1625
flaw1665
stun1676
quail1682
maul1694
moil1698
damnify1712
margullie1721
maul1782
buga1790
mux1806
queer1818
batter1840
puckeroo1840
rim-rack1841
pretty1868
garbage1899
savage1899
to do in1905
strafe1915
mash1924
blow1943
nuke1967
mung1969
1563 Abp. M. Parker Articles §5 Whether any man..haue felled or spoiled any woode or timber in any Churche yarde.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 44 Take heede of Swyne, that spoyle..the grounde ilfauouredly.
1602 J. Marston Hist. Antonio & Mellida iii. sig. E4v O, you spoyle my ruffe, vnset my haire.
1692 A. Wood Life & Times (1894) III. 391 A great flood, all grass spoyl'd.
1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 10 Mar. (1965) I. 383 These costly Napkins..were entirely spoilt before Dinner was over.
1767 T. Hutchinson Hist. Province Massachusets-Bay, 1691–1750 162 The harbours this year were much spoiled.
1798 S. Lee Young Lady's Tale in H. Lee Canterbury Tales II. 415 Supper had been waiting till quite spoiled.
1826 D. Booth Art of Brewing (ed. 2) 181 Of all sorts of old casks, beer vessels are the worst—as they always spoil cider.
1888 Law Times 85 132/2 The tenant for life..is at liberty to fell such trees as are spoiling each other.
b. To ruin in respect of commerce or trade.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > [verb (transitive)] > impede, restrict, or suspend trade
embar1577
spoil1618
embargo1755
tie1817
1618 in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1618–21 (1906) 14 The Dutch have spoyled the Moluccoes which they fought for, and spent more then they will yeild them, if quiett, in seaven yeares.
†c. To ravish or violate (a woman). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > loss of chastity > deprive of chastity [verb (transitive)] > rape
to do (a) shamec1275
afforcec1330
beforcec1375
misusea1382
oppressa1382
enforcec1386
ravisha1387
forcea1400
betravaila1425
trespass1427
supprisea1450
violatec1450
viole?c1450
stuprate?1526
devour1530
stupre1548
constuprate1550
rape1574
suppress1590
harry1591
constrain1594
abripe1623
obstuprate1658
spoil1678
to rip off1967
1678 C. Cotton Scarronnides (new ed.) 77 I am half afraid lest he Should chance to spoil her Majesty.
1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais Pantagruel's Voy.: 4th Bk. Wks. iv. xlvii He has spoiled me. I am undone.
d. In passive. Of persons: to have the clothes damaged with mud. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirt > dirtiness or soiling with specific kinds of dirt > be or become dirty or soiled with specific kinds of dirt [verb (intransitive)] > be dirty by being trailed in mud
drabblea1400
lag1682
spoil1697
to look (feel) like something the cat has brought in1928
muddy1953
1697 Countess D'Aunoy's Trav. (1706) 132 The Coaches [go] up to the middle, so that it [sc. mud] dashes all upon you, and you are spoyled unless you either pull up the Glasses, or draw the Curtains.
e. To render (a ballot paper) invalid, as by improper marking, deliberate defacement, etc.; to invalidate (a vote) in this manner.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > give (a vote) [verb (transitive)] > make voting-paper invalid
spoil1872
1872 Act 35 & 36 Vict. §33 If the voter inadvertently spoils a ballot paper, he can return it to the officer, who will, if satisfied of such inadvertence, give him another paper.
?1886 Truth About Irish Election 1885 (Irish Loyal & Patriotic Union) 24 He clearly informed him that he would spoil his vote.
1953 Ann. Reg. 1952 235 The pro-Germans had been urged to abstain or to spoil their ballot papers.
1978 G. Hermet et al. Elections without Choice i. 3 The difference between free and controlled elections is indicated by the opportunity a voter has..to have his franchise recognised through registration..to decide how to vote, even to spoil his ballot, without external pressure.
12. With immaterial object: to affect injuriously or detrimentally, esp. to an irretrievable extent; to destroy or prevent the full exercise, development, or enjoyment of:
a. Of things or actions.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > cause or effect (harm) [verb (transitive)] > do harm or injury to > affect detrimentally
atterc885
hurtc1200
marc1225
appair1297
impair1297
spilla1300
emblemishc1384
endull1395
blemishc1430
depaira1460
depravea1533
deform1533
envenom1533
vitiate1534
quail1551
impeach1563
subvert1565
craze1573
taint1573
spoil1578
endamage1579
qualify1584
stain1584
crack1590
ravish1594
interess1598
invitiate1598
corrupt1602
venom1621
depauperate1623
detriment1623
flaw1623
embase1625
ungold1637
murder1644
refract1646
depress1647
addle1652
sweal1655
butcher1659
shade1813
mess1823
puckeroo1840
untone1861
blue1880
queer1884
dick1972
forgar-
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 420 Al the Crowfootes are dangerous and hurtful,..especially the..Apium risus, the whiche taken inwardly spoyleth the senses and understanding.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Astrophel & Stella Sonn. xviii My wit doth striue those passions to defende, Which, for reward, spoile it with vaine annoyes.
1652 P. Heylyn Cosmographie iii. sig. Vvv5 He was likely to have made himself a good bargain by it, if the sudden coming of the King of Barma, had not spoiled his markets.
1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ iii. iii. §2 The least thought of business would quite spoile his happiness.
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant iii. 96 It is surrounded with ugly shops made of Wood,..which spoils the prospect of it.
1709 Tatler No. 136. ⁋13 The Sale of the said Clothes is spoiled by your Worship's said Prohibition.
1752 J. Gill Doctr. Trinity (ed. 2) vii. 144 That beautiful antithesis between Moses and Christ is spoiled.
1812 S. Edwards New Bot. Garden I. 59 It will spoil their flowering.
1866 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 2nd Ser. 208 A mistake in arithmetic spoils our accounts.
1885 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ Valerie's Fate ii The notion worried and distracted her and spoiled the rest of her evening.
b. Of persons.
ΚΠ
1626 Haughton's English-men for my Money iv. ii. G iij b The Rogue is waking yet to spoyle [1616 marre] your sport.
1753 J. Collier Art Tormenting, Gen. Rules (1811) 197 But if she should object to these things, you may accuse her of affectation, and a design of spoiling company.
1775 R. B. Sheridan Rivals v. iii I hope..you won't be so cantanckerous as to spoil the party by sitting out.
1801 ‘Gabrielli’ Mysterious Husband III. 197 ‘I caught him just as he was..going out a pleasuring for the day.’ ‘Then facks, you spoiled his sport.’
1859 Ld. Tennyson Guinevere in Idylls of King 249 Thou hast spoilt the purpose of my life.
1885 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ At Bay ix. 133 I never heard of such madness. Why, you will spoil your life.
c. In the phrase to spoil all or everything.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > do harm [verb (intransitive)] > spoil everything
to mar alla1475
to spoil all or everything1653
1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler xxi Be sure that your riches be justly got, or you spoil all.
1686 tr. J. Chardin Trav. Persia 180 The Queen was a very beautiful Person,..but her demeanor spoil'd all.
1756 A. Murphy Apprentice ii. 30 Nay, but prithee now—I tell you you'll spoil all—what made you stay so long?
1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) IV. 144 As usual, local and internal dissensions spoiled everything.
13.
a. To injure in respect of character, esp. by over-indulgence or undue lenience. Also, in weakened sense, to treat with excessive consideration or kindness.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of strictness > become less strict or severe [verb (intransitive)] > be over-indulged
spoil1694
society > authority > lack of strictness > lessen in strictness or severity [verb (transitive)] > indulge > over-indulge
spoil1694
mard1874
the mind > emotion > love > tenderness > foolish affection, excessive love or fondness > be infatuatedly fond or love to excess [verb (transitive)] > pet, indulge, or pamper > spoil (a child)
marc1400
spoil1694
1694 W. Congreve Double-dealer iii. i. 42 I swear, my Dear, you'll spoil that Child.
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones V. xiv. viii. 179 One Daughter, whom in vulgar Language he and his Wife had spoiled; that is, had educated with the utmost Tenderness and Fondness. View more context for this quotation
1796 E. Inchbald Nature & Art I. ix. 47 Considering the labour that was taken to spoil him, he was rather a commendable youth.
1826 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey I. i. i. 4 It was discovered that he had been spoiled, and it was determined that he should be sent to school.
1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Alice I. ii. iii. 25 My dear Evelyn, you are born to spoil every one.
1861 in Mrs. G. Porter Ann. Publishing Ho. (1898) III. 60 With every respect and admiration for Tennyson, I think he is childish about criticisms. His adulators spoil him.
1888 J. Payn Myst. Mirbridge v She does not spoil her eldest born.
absolute.1895 Daily News 19 Apr. 4/7 It must be owned that even when she does spoil she spoils very nicely.
b. Cant and slang. (See quots.)
ΚΠ
1819 J. H. Vaux New Vocab. Flash Lang. in Memoirs II. (at cited word) To prevent another person from succeeding in his object,..subjects you to the charge of having spoiled him.
1884 R. C. Leslie Sea-painter's Log (1886) 76 Well, it's a pity spoiling a nice gent like 'im. [Note] The expression ‘spoil a gent’ is used by such men in the sense of disgusting him with the sea and so losing a good customer.
14.
a. intransitive. To lose the valuable properties or qualities; to become unfit for use; to deteriorate; to go bad, decay. Also transferred.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > deteriorate in condition [verb (intransitive)]
marc1225
pairc1390
starvec1400
dispair1580
to go off1583
die1612
spoil1692
to go bad1799
to go wrong1882
to go in the tank1974
1692 Laws Nevis (1740) xv. 14 The Lesses were not able..to grind off what Canes lay spoiling in the Ground.
1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture II. 109/1 Rain water..soon spoyls if it is kept in any vessel made of wood.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth V. 4 Lest the feathers should spoil by their violent attrition against the air.
1797 R. Southey Lett. from Spain xxiv. 454 Cargoes that are liable to spoil, such as all kinds of grain.
1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) Fruit will soon spoil in warm weather.
1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days ii. ii. 256 ‘That sort of boy's no use here,’ said East, ‘he'll only spoil.’
b. to be spoiling for (a fight, etc.): to long for, to desire ardently or earnestly. Also const. infinitive. Originally U.S.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > strong or eager desire > desire strongly or eagerly [verb (transitive)]
to gape uponc1340
galp1546
gape1552
to gape ata1586
to die for1591
ambition1601
raven1607
ambigate1633
ambitionate?c1642
ambiate1659
sparkle1665
to be for1673
efflagitate1676
greed1848
to be spoiling for1865
1865 L. Stephen Sketches from Cambr. 67 We are in the condition which the Yankees call ‘spoiling for a fight’.
1890 R. L. Stevenson Lett. (1899) II. 191 The native population..chronically spoiling for a fight.
1893 Nation (N.Y.) 16 Nov. 368/2 Dr. James Martineau, who, in spite of his eighty-nine years, seemed still to be ‘spoiling for an argument’.
a1960 E. M. Forster Maurice (1971) vii. 42 Durham..would be found at all hours curled up in his room and spoiling to argue.
15. technical. (See quots. and spoil n. 10.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > refuse or rubbish > [verb (intransitive)] > lay aside as refuse earth (in excavating)
spoil1847
1847 J. Dwyer Princ. & Pract. Hydraul. Engin. 129 The most rapid method of executing the earthwork of Railways, when the excavation exceeds the embankment, is to throw part of the excavation from the side slope to spoil.
1862 Rep. E. Ind. Rly. Co. 30 As the cuttings are comparatively few, it is intended to throw the stuff from them to spoil on either side of the line.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† spoilv.2

Forms: In Middle English spoylle.
Etymology: < Middle Dutch spoelen (German spülen).
Obsolete. rare.
transitive. To rinse or wash out.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > wash [verb (transitive)] > rinse
sinda1350
spoil1480
rinsec1500
slouse1726
sluice1755
sozzle1845
slush1854
to wash out1876
sloush1889
wash1894
slooshy1907
sloosh1912
1480 Table Prouffytable Lernynge (Caxton) (1964) 25 Respaulme la hanap. Spoylle the cuppe.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

† spoilv.3

Etymology: See spoiling n.2
Nautical. Obsolete. rare.
transitive. To measure or adjust.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measure [verb (transitive)]
bemetec893
meteOE
mensurec1429
gaugec1440
measure1456
to take a scantling of1585
fathom1611
admetiate1623
quantify1627
span1641
to take (also get) the measure of1650
mensurate1653
to take the gauge of1780
spoil1794
quantitate1900
pace1955
1794 D. Steel Elements & Pract. Rigging & Seamanship I. 22 The other half is then canted on and spoiled for faying.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

> see also

also refers to : spoil-comb. form
<
n.a1340v.1c1330v.21480v.31794
see also
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