spinaladj.

/ˈspʌɪnəl/

Forms: Also 1500s–1600s spinall.

Etymology: < late Latin spīnālis, < spīna spine n.¹ So French spinal, Italian spinale, Spanish espinal.

1. Of or pertaining to, forming part of or located in, the spine or backbone:

a. spinal marrow n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > spine > [noun] > marrow of

marrowa1398

medulla?a1425

spinal marrow1578

pith1594

chine-marrow1661

thorny marrow1662

1578 J. Banister Hist. Man i. f. 6 Cerebellum..lyeth vnder the brayne, and the spinall marey thence slydeth from the head.

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 875 Some Nerues..doe arise from the brayne,..others from the Spinall marrow.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 189 The spinall marrow, which is but the braine prolonged.

1767 B. Gooch Pract. Treat. Wounds I. 341 Wounds in any part of the spinal-marrow require no peculiar treatment.

1830 J. F. W. Herschel Prelim. Disc. Study Nat. Philos. 87 The seat of the exertion..is demonstrably..either in the brain or in the spinal marrow.

1881 St. G. Mivart Cat 15 If the skull and backbone be cut through, the white substance of the brain and spinal marrow will be found within them.

b. spinal cord n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > nervous system > cerebrospinal axis > spinal cord > [noun]

nuchaa1398

nuke?a1425

nuche1528

minuca1577

spinal cord1836

myelon1846

1836 Penny Cycl. V. 330/1 A long cord of nervous matter filling the cavity of the vertebral or spinal column, called the spinal cord.

1851 W. B. Carpenter Man. Physiol. (ed. 2) 417 Convulsive actions, which are dependent upon the medulla oblongata and spinal cord, may continue for a minute or two longer.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VI. 478 [Certain cases] were confused by him with cases of spinal cord origin.

c. With other nouns, as artery, bone, canal, etc. spinal puncture or spinal tap: the insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space of the spine, usually in the lumbar region, so that cerebrospinal fluid may be withdrawn or something introduced.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > spine > [adjective]

chined1577

vertebral1681

spinal1725

spinous1807

rachidian1823

rachidial1834

rachial1848

sterno-vertebral1861

juxta-spinal1876

thoracispinal1887

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > puncture > [noun] > other kinds

electropuncture1836

aquapuncture1876

ignipuncture1886

spinal puncture1896

venepuncture1923

1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey III. x. 668 Full endlong from the roof the sleeper fell, And snapt the spinal joint, and wak'd in hell.

1726 A. Monro Anat. Humane Bones 181 That Protuberance..is called the Spinal Process, from which this whole Series of Bones has got its Name.

1768 H. Brooke Fool of Quality III. xvi. 199 The stake..they run up withinside the spinal bone.

?1768–9 Encycl. Brit. (1771) I. 219 [It] is fixed..to the last spinal apophysis of the back.

c1793 Encycl. Brit. (1797) I. 759 A thin transparent substance, which from its indentations between the spinal nerves has obtained the name of ligamentum denticulatum.

1799 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 2 461 The spinal artery..had been noticed by Berengar, as a white shining line.

1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. IV. xxxvii. 18 Those remarkable nerves described by Lyonnet under the name of spinal bridle (bride épinière).

1845 G. Budd On Dis. Liver 360 They [hydatid tumors] have been met with, but in comparatively very few instances,..in the spinal canal.

1881 St. G. Mivart Cat 275 The 11th, or Spinal Accessory Nerve, is a comparatively insignificant one.

1896 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 4 Jan. Suppl. 1/3 Only a few drops of fluid could be obtained by spinal puncture.

1919 A. Levinson Cerebrospinal Fluid i. 25 Corning, who was the first to use spinal puncture, employed an operation that was fraught with danger to the cord.

1972 Noback & Demarest Nervous System iv. 35 Some CSF is withdrawn and replaced by air which acts as a contrast medium. The air is introduced by passing a needle either directly into the ventricle or between the lower two lumbar vertebrae (spinal tap) into the lumbar cistern.

1979 Sci. Amer. Aug. 66/3 He underwent at least 48 spinal taps, three air encephalograms and numerous myelograms.

1980 K. E. Moyer Neuroanat. xii. 36/2 In a spinal tap, or spinal puncture, the needle is always introduced into the subarachnoid space below the termination of the spinal cord itself.

d. absol. With ellipse of artery or nerve.

ΚΠ

1888 W. R. Gowers Man. Dis. Nerv. Syst. II. iv. 406 It usually supplies the ‘bulbar’ nuclei,..in part directly, and in part by the anterior spinal.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 33 If all are not directly innervated by the spinal accessory, division..may not be completely successful.

2. (See quot. 1646) rare.

ΚΠ

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 203 All spinall [fishes], or such as have no ribs, but only a back bone, or somewhat analogous thereto, as Eeles, Congers, Lampries.

3. Of diseased conditions: Affecting the spine.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > [adjective] > affecting back

spinal1839

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders of bones > [adjective] > disorders of specific bones

subscapular1634

spinal1839

spineless1860

Osgood–Schlatter1912

1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xxx. 297 Letters afflicted with every possible variation of spinal deformity.

1878 A. M. Hamilton Nerv. Dis. 219 Spinal hemorrhage is usually the result of a transmutism.

1878 R. Braithwaite Life & Lett. W. Pennefather ii. 22 The memoranda..tell of such..suffering and debility, from spinal irritation.

1884 Queen 9 Feb. 132/2 (advt.) Partial paralysis. Spinal curvature,..constipation, corpulence, &c.

1976 J. Blackburn Face of Lion viii. 54 A cripple with one leg longer than the other and a pronounced spinal curvature.

in combination.1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2268/1 Spinal-Distortion Apparatus, an apparatus designed to gradually restore the spine to its normal condition when it has become curved.

4. Resembling a spine or backbone in form or function.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > central condition or position > [adjective]

central1631

centre1787

spinal1841

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > ridge > [adjective]

banky1566

spinal1841

dorsal1868

1841 Florist's Jrnl. (1846) 2 301 There may be rain on the central, or spinal, mountains and hills.

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. xxiii. 301 Everywhere else the spinal ridge seemed unbroken.

1903 Westm. Gaz. 20 May 12/1 If water does not fall on his acres, he will bring it to them from his long spinal mountain range if necessary.

a. Of qualities: Arising from, seated in, the spine. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > spine > [adjective] > arising from or seated in

spinal1855

1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect Introd. ii. 52 The permanent tension of the muscle is in part due to spinal influence.

1890 Pall Mall Gaz. 5 Sept. 1/2 The news will give a spice to sport, a spinal strength to the desultory conversation of the rambler.

b. spinal reflex n. a reflex involving the spinal cord but not the brain.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > action of nervous system > [noun] > reflex action > type of

ankle jerk1882

spinal reflex1898

research knee-jerk1899

Hoffmann('s) reflex1900

unconditioned reflex1906

startle reflex1917

startle response1933

1898 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 190 141 In the Dog and Cat the spinal reflex movements are more forcible.

1924 Jrnl. Physiol. 58 411 Shivering to cold cannot be produced as a spinal reflex.

1978 Brain Res. CXLII. 431 Stimulation of all three segmental nerves simultaneously produced up to a 100% increase in size of the spinal reflex.

6. Of appliances: Adapted to, intended for, application to the spine. Of a seat or carriage: designed to support the spine. Now Historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > surgical supports > [adjective] > for the spine

spinal1864

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > spine > [adjective] > adapted for

spinal1864

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > seat > [adjective] > type of seat

hardbacked1836

cushionless1837

uncushioned1852

spinal1864

tilt-up1891

stuff-over1915

1864–8 J. Chapman (title-p.) Sea-Sickness, and how to prevent it..by Means of the Spinal Ice Bag.

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2268/1 Spinal Brace,..a brace for remedying posterior curvature of the spine.

1884 Queen 16 Feb. 189/2 (advt.) Leveson's Improved Invalid's Carriage... Adjustable Spinal Couches.

1895 Catal. Surg. Instruments (Arnold & Sons) 782 Spinal Support,..for double lateral curvature.

1900 Illustr. London News 25 Aug. 291/2 (advt.) Adjustable Bath Chair or Spinal Carriage.

1917 Harrods Gen. Catal. 1038 A very easy and comfortable Bath Chair and Spinal Carriage Combined, enabling a person to take outdoor exercise in a sitting, reclining, or horizontal position.

1973 Times 7 May 17/7 Many years ago I travelled in a spinal carriage every few weeks from Selby to Leeds and back in the guard's van.

7. Physiology. Used to describe an animal whose spine has been severed from its brain.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [adjective] > others

superinfected1897

spinal1900

auxanographic1905

turbidimetric1911

pre-experimental1917

superinfecting1918

killed1919

pretreated1925

micrurgical1927

bursectomized1928

ultrafilterable1928

microinjected1938

alloxanic1950

microinjecting1951

superfused1953

sterile-male1959

sham-operated1963

transfected1964

perifused1969

zeugmatographic1973

1900 C. S. Sherrington in E. A. Schäfer Text-bk. Physiol. II. 818 The spinal frog, when placed on its back, does not, as a rule, right itself.

1917 Brain 40 230 ‘Spinal man’ cannot stand, and shows no primary extensor activity.

1962 [see spinal shock n. at Compounds 2].

1971 Sci. Amer. Aug. 75/2 Sherrington found for example, that a spinal dog would withdraw a leg that received a sharp poke and would simultaneously brace the opposite leg to assume the weight removed from the withdrawn leg.

Compounds

C1.

spinal-depressant adj.

ΚΠ

1874 A. B. Garrod & E. B. Baxter Essentials Materia Medica (ed. 4) 263 Commercial conia was found to exhibit spinal-stimulant and spinal-depressant actions.

spinal-stimulant adj.

ΚΠ

1874 A. B. Garrod & E. B. Baxter Essentials Materia Medica (ed. 4) 263 Commercial conia was found to exhibit spinal-stimulant and spinal-depressant actions.

C2. Physiology. Involving the spine as containing a major part of the central nervous system.

spinal anaesthesia n. anæsthesia induced by an injection into the spine.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > anaesthetization, pain-killing, etc. > [noun] > anaesthetization > anaesthesia

local anaesthesia1843

anaesthesis1848

spinal anaesthesia1885

1885 N.Y. Med. Jrnl. 42 483/2 (heading) Spinal anaesthesia and local medication of the cord.

1974 Lichtiger & Moya Introd. Pract. Anesthesia xv. 152 Tetracaine is the most commonly used drug for spinal anesthesia.

spinal analgesia n. analgesia induced by an injection into the spine (see quot. 1938).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > anaesthetization, pain-killing, etc. > [noun] > analgesia

analgesia1706

spinal analgesia1912

neuroleptanalgesia1961

PCA1982

1912 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 23 Nov. 1859/1 There are practically no contraindications to the employment of spinal analgesia.

1938 Maxson & Babcock Spinal Anesthesia i. 1 Spinal anesthesia is the term most commonly used... It is technically correct when all the sensory faculties—touch, temperature and muscle sense, as well as pain—are abolished in the affected region. Spinal analgesia is the correct technical term when pain sense alone is abolished without the loss of the epicritical faculties. The distinction between the two terms, however, is rarely made.

1976 D. D. Moir Obstetr. Anaesthesia & Analgesia vii. 209 Low spinal analgesia is eminently suited to the performance of forceps delivery.

spinal block n. (a) an obstruction to the flow of the cerebro-spinal fluid; (b) spinal anæsthesia or analgesia.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of nervous system > [noun] > disorders of spinal cord

rachialgitis1824

myelitis1835

medullitis1848

pachymeningitis1857

spinitis1859

transverse myelitis1879

syringomyelia1881

syringomyelus1881

meningomyelocele1885

meningomyelitis1886

poliomyelopathy1890

syringomyelitis1890

myelopathy1891

xanthochromia1894

spinal block1928

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > anaesthetization, pain-killing, etc. > [noun] > anaesthetization > by blocking nerves

nerve-blocking1906

nerve block1912

field block1922

spinal block1928

saddle block1946

1928 Arch. Neurol. & Psychiatry (Chicago) 19 613 The compression of the veins of the neck..is used most often in spinal lesions with level symptoms in order to determine whether a ‘spinal block’ is present.

1976 D. D. Moir Obstetr. Anaesthesia & Analgesia vii. 215 A low spinal block creates a tranquil patient, free of all pain and operating conditions are excellent.

spinal shock n. a temporary flaccid paralysis and loss of reflexes in some muscles that may follow an injury to the spine, the ones affected being those whose nerves come from a point in the spinal cord below the site of the injury.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > convulsive or paralytic disorders > [noun] > palsy or paralysis > paralysis of other parts

stag-evil1696

histrionic paralysis1853

glossoplegia1854

spinal shock1898

1898 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 190 134 Goltz's descriptions of spinal shock are masterly, but they refer entirely to the Dog, and to transection below the middle of the back.

1962 D. D. Bonnycastle in Keele & Smith Assessment of Pain in Man & Animals 235 It was felt that these animals might still be exhibiting some degree of spinal shock, and therefore we prepared a colony of chronic spinal rats.

1978 Exper. Neurol. IX. 16 Spinal shock is caused by the lack of excitatory input from the brain.

Derivatives

ˈspinally adv.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > spine > [adverb]

spinally1885

intraspinally1906

1885 G. Meredith Diana of Crossways II. viii. 191 Spinally prepared..to repay dignity of mien with a similar erectness of dignity.

Draft additions 1993

absol. as n. Short for spinal anæsthetic (or spinal anaesthesia n. at Compounds 2); also, = epidural n. U.S. Medicine colloquial.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > anaesthetic > [noun] > local > spinal

spinal1938

epidural1970

walking epidural1995

1938 H. K. Beecher Physiol. Anesthesia i. 72 The reduced blood volume must be restored at once, for ‘spinal’ subjects tolerate blood loss poorly.

1947 S. M. Shane Out of this World viii. 72 You wish you could understand how this miraculous thing called a spinal works.

1960 J. Updike Rabbit, Run 203 I have no legs,..it's the funniest feeling... They gave me a spinal.

1977 M. French Women's Room i. xviii. 52 ‘It's time for the spinal,’ the woman wailed... ‘Tell the doctor to come.’

1988 Acta Anaesthesiol. Belgica 39 181/1 The results of these procedures are germane to my opposition to the provision of a spinal for Caesarean section.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	spinal
释义	spinaln. Forms: Also Middle English, 1600s spinall, Middle English spynal, 1600s spinnall, spinnel, 1800s spinel. Etymology: Of obscure origin; in sense 2 apparently < German spinal (Dutch spinaal), thread or yarn of various kinds. †1. Some textile fabric. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > other textile fabrics > [noun] renciana1300 maidenhair1359 caryc1394 spinal1399 whitefolding1423 care1429 radevorec1430 queen's clothc1450 basselan1453 Brunswick1480 ragmas1480 haberjetc1503 redvorea1525 stockbridge1526 demigraine1540 fledge1542 pinned white1552 satin-reverses1554 beverneck1567 scamato1569 messellawny1604 brogetie1610 novato1614 fugeratta1638 barrateen1689 tamarine1691 masquerade1696 calandring1697 succatoon1703 russerine1710 stade1714 Chuckla1721 long ell1725 slay1745 vilderoy1769 succota1780 minorque1794 zebra1829 grising1866 Turkoman1881 cameline1886 lyocell1990 1399–40 Compotus frat. orat. dominice in civitate Ebor. (MS.) Et de xiiij d. pro iiij ulnis et dimidio et j quart. de spinall pro corpore dicti Richardi involvendo. 1431 Maldon (Essex) Court Rolls (Bundle 18, No. 6) j pese de spynal contin. xii ellys, prec. le elle iii d. obol. 2. A kind of yarn (see later quots.). ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > thread or yarn > [noun] > made from flax, hemp, or jute > linen linea700 Bruges thread1473 inkle1545 outnal1545 spinal16.. 16.. Advt. of M. Gregory, Haberdasher, at the Raven & Sun, Drury Lane Inkle and Spinnel, and Scotch Yarn. 1692 Brit. Patent 286 1 The Makeing of Spinall Yarne is a new Invention never practiced before. 1692 Brit. Patent 286 1 Severall workmen out of Germany..skilled in makeing the said spinnall. 1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products 203/2 Unwrought inkle, or short spinel, is bleached yarn. 1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products 355/1 Spinal, a kind of unwrought inkle. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online June 2022). spinaladj. /ˈspʌɪnəl/ Forms: Also 1500s–1600s spinall. Etymology: < late Latin spīnālis, < spīna spine n.¹ So French spinal, Italian spinale, Spanish espinal. 1. Of or pertaining to, forming part of or located in, the spine or backbone: a. spinal marrow n. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > spine > [noun] > marrow of marrowa1398 medulla?a1425 spinal marrow1578 pith1594 chine-marrow1661 thorny marrow1662 1578 J. Banister Hist. Man i. f. 6 Cerebellum..lyeth vnder the brayne, and the spinall marey thence slydeth from the head. 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 875 Some Nerues..doe arise from the brayne,..others from the Spinall marrow. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 189 The spinall marrow, which is but the braine prolonged. View more context for this quotation 1767 B. Gooch Pract. Treat. Wounds I. 341 Wounds in any part of the spinal-marrow require no peculiar treatment. 1830 J. F. W. Herschel Prelim. Disc. Study Nat. Philos. 87 The seat of the exertion..is demonstrably..either in the brain or in the spinal marrow. 1881 St. G. Mivart Cat 15 If the skull and backbone be cut through, the white substance of the brain and spinal marrow will be found within them. b. spinal cord n. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > nervous system > cerebrospinal axis > spinal cord > [noun] nuchaa1398 nuke?a1425 nuche1528 minuca1577 spinal cord1836 myelon1846 1836 Penny Cycl. V. 330/1 A long cord of nervous matter filling the cavity of the vertebral or spinal column, called the spinal cord. 1851 W. B. Carpenter Man. Physiol. (ed. 2) 417 Convulsive actions, which are dependent upon the medulla oblongata and spinal cord, may continue for a minute or two longer. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VI. 478 [Certain cases] were confused by him with cases of spinal cord origin. c. With other nouns, as artery, bone, canal, etc. spinal puncture or spinal tap: the insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space of the spine, usually in the lumbar region, so that cerebrospinal fluid may be withdrawn or something introduced. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > spine > [adjective] chined1577 vertebral1681 spinal1725 spinous1807 rachidian1823 rachidial1834 rachial1848 sterno-vertebral1861 juxta-spinal1876 thoracispinal1887 the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > puncture > [noun] > other kinds electropuncture1836 aquapuncture1876 ignipuncture1886 spinal puncture1896 venepuncture1923 1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey III. x. 668 Full endlong from the roof the sleeper fell, And snapt the spinal joint, and wak'd in hell. 1726 A. Monro Anat. Humane Bones 181 That Protuberance..is called the Spinal Process, from which this whole Series of Bones has got its Name. 1768 H. Brooke Fool of Quality III. xvi. 199 The stake..they run up withinside the spinal bone. ?1768–9 Encycl. Brit. (1771) I. 219 [It] is fixed..to the last spinal apophysis of the back. c1793 Encycl. Brit. (1797) I. 759 A thin transparent substance, which from its indentations between the spinal nerves has obtained the name of ligamentum denticulatum. 1799 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 2 461 The spinal artery..had been noticed by Berengar, as a white shining line. 1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. IV. xxxvii. 18 Those remarkable nerves described by Lyonnet under the name of spinal bridle (bride épinière). 1845 G. Budd On Dis. Liver 360 They [hydatid tumors] have been met with, but in comparatively very few instances,..in the spinal canal. 1881 St. G. Mivart Cat 275 The 11th, or Spinal Accessory Nerve, is a comparatively insignificant one. 1896 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 4 Jan. Suppl. 1/3 Only a few drops of fluid could be obtained by spinal puncture. 1919 A. Levinson Cerebrospinal Fluid i. 25 Corning, who was the first to use spinal puncture, employed an operation that was fraught with danger to the cord. 1972 Noback & Demarest Nervous System iv. 35 Some CSF is withdrawn and replaced by air which acts as a contrast medium. The air is introduced by passing a needle either directly into the ventricle or between the lower two lumbar vertebrae (spinal tap) into the lumbar cistern. 1979 Sci. Amer. Aug. 66/3 He underwent at least 48 spinal taps, three air encephalograms and numerous myelograms. 1980 K. E. Moyer Neuroanat. xii. 36/2 In a spinal tap, or spinal puncture, the needle is always introduced into the subarachnoid space below the termination of the spinal cord itself. d. absol. With ellipse of artery or nerve. ΚΠ 1888 W. R. Gowers Man. Dis. Nerv. Syst. II. iv. 406 It usually supplies the ‘bulbar’ nuclei,..in part directly, and in part by the anterior spinal. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 33 If all are not directly innervated by the spinal accessory, division..may not be completely successful. 2. (See quot. 1646) rare. ΚΠ 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 203 All spinall [fishes], or such as have no ribs, but only a back bone, or somewhat analogous thereto, as Eeles, Congers, Lampries. View more context for this quotation 3. Of diseased conditions: Affecting the spine. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > [adjective] > affecting back spinal1839 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders of bones > [adjective] > disorders of specific bones subscapular1634 spinal1839 spineless1860 Osgood–Schlatter1912 1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xxx. 297 Letters afflicted with every possible variation of spinal deformity. 1878 A. M. Hamilton Nerv. Dis. 219 Spinal hemorrhage is usually the result of a transmutism. 1878 R. Braithwaite Life & Lett. W. Pennefather ii. 22 The memoranda..tell of such..suffering and debility, from spinal irritation. 1884 Queen 9 Feb. 132/2 (advt.) Partial paralysis. Spinal curvature,..constipation, corpulence, &c. 1976 J. Blackburn Face of Lion viii. 54 A cripple with one leg longer than the other and a pronounced spinal curvature. in combination.1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2268/1 Spinal-Distortion Apparatus, an apparatus designed to gradually restore the spine to its normal condition when it has become curved. 4. Resembling a spine or backbone in form or function. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > central condition or position > [adjective] central1631 centre1787 spinal1841 the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > ridge > [adjective] banky1566 spinal1841 dorsal1868 1841 Florist's Jrnl. (1846) 2 301 There may be rain on the central, or spinal, mountains and hills. 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. xxiii. 301 Everywhere else the spinal ridge seemed unbroken. 1903 Westm. Gaz. 20 May 12/1 If water does not fall on his acres, he will bring it to them from his long spinal mountain range if necessary. 5. a. Of qualities: Arising from, seated in, the spine. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > spine > [adjective] > arising from or seated in spinal1855 1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect Introd. ii. 52 The permanent tension of the muscle is in part due to spinal influence. 1890 Pall Mall Gaz. 5 Sept. 1/2 The news will give a spice to sport, a spinal strength to the desultory conversation of the rambler. b. spinal reflex n. a reflex involving the spinal cord but not the brain. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > action of nervous system > [noun] > reflex action > type of ankle jerk1882 spinal reflex1898 research knee-jerk1899 Hoffmann('s) reflex1900 unconditioned reflex1906 startle reflex1917 startle response1933 1898 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 190 141 In the Dog and Cat the spinal reflex movements are more forcible. 1924 Jrnl. Physiol. 58 411 Shivering to cold cannot be produced as a spinal reflex. 1978 Brain Res. CXLII. 431 Stimulation of all three segmental nerves simultaneously produced up to a 100% increase in size of the spinal reflex. 6. Of appliances: Adapted to, intended for, application to the spine. Of a seat or carriage: designed to support the spine. Now Historical. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > surgical supports > [adjective] > for the spine spinal1864 the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > spine > [adjective] > adapted for spinal1864 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > seat > [adjective] > type of seat hardbacked1836 cushionless1837 uncushioned1852 spinal1864 tilt-up1891 stuff-over1915 1864–8 J. Chapman (title-p.) Sea-Sickness, and how to prevent it..by Means of the Spinal Ice Bag. 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2268/1 Spinal Brace,..a brace for remedying posterior curvature of the spine. 1884 Queen 16 Feb. 189/2 (advt.) Leveson's Improved Invalid's Carriage... Adjustable Spinal Couches. 1895 Catal. Surg. Instruments (Arnold & Sons) 782 Spinal Support,..for double lateral curvature. 1900 Illustr. London News 25 Aug. 291/2 (advt.) Adjustable Bath Chair or Spinal Carriage. 1917 Harrods Gen. Catal. 1038 A very easy and comfortable Bath Chair and Spinal Carriage Combined, enabling a person to take outdoor exercise in a sitting, reclining, or horizontal position. 1973 Times 7 May 17/7 Many years ago I travelled in a spinal carriage every few weeks from Selby to Leeds and back in the guard's van. 7. Physiology. Used to describe an animal whose spine has been severed from its brain. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [adjective] > others superinfected1897 spinal1900 auxanographic1905 turbidimetric1911 pre-experimental1917 superinfecting1918 killed1919 pretreated1925 micrurgical1927 bursectomized1928 ultrafilterable1928 microinjected1938 alloxanic1950 microinjecting1951 superfused1953 sterile-male1959 sham-operated1963 transfected1964 perifused1969 zeugmatographic1973 1900 C. S. Sherrington in E. A. Schäfer Text-bk. Physiol. II. 818 The spinal frog, when placed on its back, does not, as a rule, right itself. 1917 Brain 40 230 ‘Spinal man’ cannot stand, and shows no primary extensor activity. 1962 [see spinal shock n. at Compounds 2]. 1971 Sci. Amer. Aug. 75/2 Sherrington found for example, that a spinal dog would withdraw a leg that received a sharp poke and would simultaneously brace the opposite leg to assume the weight removed from the withdrawn leg. Compounds C1. spinal-depressant adj. ΚΠ 1874 A. B. Garrod & E. B. Baxter Essentials Materia Medica (ed. 4) 263 Commercial conia was found to exhibit spinal-stimulant and spinal-depressant actions. spinal-stimulant adj. ΚΠ 1874 A. B. Garrod & E. B. Baxter Essentials Materia Medica (ed. 4) 263 Commercial conia was found to exhibit spinal-stimulant and spinal-depressant actions. C2. Physiology. Involving the spine as containing a major part of the central nervous system. spinal anaesthesia n. anæsthesia induced by an injection into the spine. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > anaesthetization, pain-killing, etc. > [noun] > anaesthetization > anaesthesia local anaesthesia1843 anaesthesis1848 spinal anaesthesia1885 1885 N.Y. Med. Jrnl. 42 483/2 (heading) Spinal anaesthesia and local medication of the cord. 1974 Lichtiger & Moya Introd. Pract. Anesthesia xv. 152 Tetracaine is the most commonly used drug for spinal anesthesia. spinal analgesia n. analgesia induced by an injection into the spine (see quot. 1938). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > anaesthetization, pain-killing, etc. > [noun] > analgesia analgesia1706 spinal analgesia1912 neuroleptanalgesia1961 PCA1982 1912 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 23 Nov. 1859/1 There are practically no contraindications to the employment of spinal analgesia. 1938 Maxson & Babcock Spinal Anesthesia i. 1 Spinal anesthesia is the term most commonly used... It is technically correct when all the sensory faculties—touch, temperature and muscle sense, as well as pain—are abolished in the affected region. Spinal analgesia is the correct technical term when pain sense alone is abolished without the loss of the epicritical faculties. The distinction between the two terms, however, is rarely made. 1976 D. D. Moir Obstetr. Anaesthesia & Analgesia vii. 209 Low spinal analgesia is eminently suited to the performance of forceps delivery. spinal block n. (a) an obstruction to the flow of the cerebro-spinal fluid; (b) spinal anæsthesia or analgesia. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of nervous system > [noun] > disorders of spinal cord rachialgitis1824 myelitis1835 medullitis1848 pachymeningitis1857 spinitis1859 transverse myelitis1879 syringomyelia1881 syringomyelus1881 meningomyelocele1885 meningomyelitis1886 poliomyelopathy1890 syringomyelitis1890 myelopathy1891 xanthochromia1894 spinal block1928 the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > anaesthetization, pain-killing, etc. > [noun] > anaesthetization > by blocking nerves nerve-blocking1906 nerve block1912 field block1922 spinal block1928 saddle block1946 1928 Arch. Neurol. & Psychiatry (Chicago) 19 613 The compression of the veins of the neck..is used most often in spinal lesions with level symptoms in order to determine whether a ‘spinal block’ is present. 1976 D. D. Moir Obstetr. Anaesthesia & Analgesia vii. 215 A low spinal block creates a tranquil patient, free of all pain and operating conditions are excellent. spinal shock n. a temporary flaccid paralysis and loss of reflexes in some muscles that may follow an injury to the spine, the ones affected being those whose nerves come from a point in the spinal cord below the site of the injury. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > convulsive or paralytic disorders > [noun] > palsy or paralysis > paralysis of other parts stag-evil1696 histrionic paralysis1853 glossoplegia1854 spinal shock1898 1898 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 190 134 Goltz's descriptions of spinal shock are masterly, but they refer entirely to the Dog, and to transection below the middle of the back. 1962 D. D. Bonnycastle in Keele & Smith Assessment of Pain in Man & Animals 235 It was felt that these animals might still be exhibiting some degree of spinal shock, and therefore we prepared a colony of chronic spinal rats. 1978 Exper. Neurol. IX. 16 Spinal shock is caused by the lack of excitatory input from the brain. Derivatives ˈspinally adv. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > spine > [adverb] spinally1885 intraspinally1906 1885 G. Meredith Diana of Crossways II. viii. 191 Spinally prepared..to repay dignity of mien with a similar erectness of dignity. Draft additions 1993 absol. as n. Short for spinal anæsthetic (or spinal anaesthesia n. at Compounds 2); also, = epidural n. U.S. Medicine colloquial. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > anaesthetic > [noun] > local > spinal spinal1938 epidural1970 walking epidural1995 1938 H. K. Beecher Physiol. Anesthesia i. 72 The reduced blood volume must be restored at once, for ‘spinal’ subjects tolerate blood loss poorly. 1947 S. M. Shane Out of this World viii. 72 You wish you could understand how this miraculous thing called a spinal works. 1960 J. Updike Rabbit, Run 203 I have no legs,..it's the funniest feeling... They gave me a spinal. 1977 M. French Women's Room i. xviii. 52 ‘It's time for the spinal,’ the woman wailed... ‘Tell the doctor to come.’ 1988 Acta Anaesthesiol. Belgica 39 181/1 The results of these procedures are germane to my opposition to the provision of a spinal for Caesarean section. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1399adj.1578
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spinaln.

spinaladj.

Compounds

Derivatives

Draft additions 1993