spinousadj.

Brit.

/ˈspʌɪnəs/, U.S.

/ˈspaɪnəs/

Etymology: < spine n.¹ + -ous suffix, or < Latin spīnōsus spinose adj.

1. figurative. Resembling or suggestive of a thorn or thorns in respect of sharpness and aridity; unpleasant and difficult or unprofitable to handle or deal with. (Cf. spinose adj. 1.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > [adjective]

arvethc885

uneathOE

arvethlichc1000

evilc1175

hardc1175

deara1225

derfa1225

illc1330

wickeda1375

uneasy1398

difficul?a1450

difficile?1473

difficulta1527

unready1535

craggy1582

spiny1604

tough1619

uphill1622

shrewda1626

spinousa1638

scabrous1646

spinose1660

rugged1663

cranka1745

tight1764

thraward1818

nasty1828

upstream1847

awkward1860

pricklyc1862

bristling1871

sticky1871

rocky1873

dodgy1898

challengeful1927

solid1943

ball-busting1944

challenging1975

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > [adjective] > sharply

sharp?c1225

quipping1542

sharp-fanged1598

wittya1616

spinousa1638

scalding1641

spinose1660

smart1665

acid1756

caustic1771

rapped-out1831

a1638 J. Mede Disc. Divers Texts (1642) 92 This I take to be the true and genuine meaning of this passage,..nor needeth it any spinous Criticisms for its explication.

1660 tr. M. Amyraut Treat. conc. Relig. iii. xi. 535 They would not judge Religion a thing full of spinous questions and irresolvable difficulties.

1694 J. Strype Memorials T. Cranmer ii. xiii. 196 Who had himself..vindicated the truth from the spinous and confused cavils of Sophisters.

1821 C. Lamb in London Mag. Sept. 281/1 Many a sarcastic growl did the latter cast out, for Coventry had a rough spinous humour.

2. Botany. Furnished with spines or thorns; thorn-bearing, thorny.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > thorn or prickle > [adjective]

thornenc897

thornyc1000

armeda1398

pikeda1398

thornish1426

pricky1548

prickly1577

prickled1578

spiky1578

sharp-set1601

spiny1604

senticous1657

aculeous1658

spinous1668

spineal1688

spinose1693

aculeate1753

spinescent1793

aculeolate1818

aciculated1819

spinulose1819

spinulescent1836

spinulous1846

thorned1895

1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. 109 Larger leaves; not spinous.

1694 W. Westmacott Θεολοβοτονολογια 199 The Spinous tribe of herbs are many.

1776 J. Lee Introd. Bot. (ed. 3) Explan. Terms 380 Spinosus, spinous, armed with Thorns.

1815 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. (1818) I. 288 Insects, which it first impales alive on the thorns of the sloe and other spinous plants.

1854 J. D. Hooker Himalayan Jrnls. I. vi. 157 With spinous involucres inclosing an eatable sweet nut.

1887 J. Ball Notes Naturalist in S. Amer. 32 One of the spinous species of Solanum.

a. Armed or covered with spines or slender sharp-pointed excrescences; spinigerous. Chiefly Zoology.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > covering or skin > [adjective] > having a hard protective covering > having spines

pikeda1398

prickled1578

spinose1661

thorny1711

prickly1774

spinous1774

spined1777

spinaceous1875

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VI. 181 Thus there are three grand divisions in the fish kind: the cetaceous, the cartilaginous, and the spinous.

1822 J. Parkinson Outl. Oryctol. 147 The corselet..is sometimes spinous,..but it is generally smooth.

1834 H. McMurtrie tr. G. Cuvier Animal Kingdom (abridged ed.) 192 Fishes..whose operculum or preoperculum..[has] dentated or spinous edges.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. IV. 271 Their surface [is] smooth, rough, or spinous.

b. In specific names, as spinous loach, spinous shark, spinous spider-crab, spinous tortoise.

ΚΠ

1769 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) III. iii. 1 The Spinous Tortoise..seems common to the Mediterranean.

1839 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Fishes Suppl. ii. 54 The Spinous Shark. Echinorhinus spinosus.

1862 J. Couch Hist. Fishes Brit. Islands I. 54 The Spinous Shark was not known to naturalists before the latter part of the last..century.

1881 Cassell's Nat. Hist. V. 133 The Spinous Loach (Cobitis tænia) is a rarer fish in this country.

1882 Cassell's Nat. Hist. VI. 198 The Spinous Spider Crab (Maia squinado).

a. Having the form of a spine or thorn; slender and sharp-pointed.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > shape > [adjective] > pointed, tapering, or elongated

ensiform?1541

acuminate1634

aculeated1657

lanceolated1752

sagittated1752

subacute1752

subulated1752

linear1753

subulate1757

spinous1758

lanceolate1760

sagittate1760

sublinear1761

obverse1776

lanced1787

long-acuminate1804

subuliform1804

lanceolar1810

acuminous1813

virgate1821

spiny1828

apiculate1830

ensate1830

aciculate1831

spiniform1833

fibriform1846

obcuneate1870

fusiform1887

1758 A. Monro Anat. Human Bones & Nerves (ed. 6) 121 The fifteenth is the spinous [suture]; which is in the middle of the lower part of the nostrils.

1807 J. E. Smith Introd. Physiol. & Systematical Bot. 414 Four naked seeds, with always more or less of spinous bristles..on their foliage.

1828 J. Stark Elements Nat. Hist. I. 409 Tail forked, with a spinous ray on each side.

1854 Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 3 164 The scales on the back were..raised to a sharp edge, but not spinous nor curved backwards.

b. spinous process n. a process or apophysis of a spine-like form, esp. one of those on the vertebræ.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > parts of bones > [noun] > natural outgrowth or projecting part

process1565

production1578

apophysis1611

processus1664

probole1684

spine1706

ramus1731

spinous process1732

plectrum1792

buttress1824

epicondyle1828

spiculum1873

1732 A. Monro Anat. (ed. 2) 201 The spinous Processes of the Vertebræ of the Back become gradually longer.

1797 J. Abernethy Surg. & Physiol. Ess. iii. 28 I could..touch the transverse spinous process of the sphenoid bone.

1831 R. Knox tr. H. Cloquet Syst. Human Anat. (ed. 2) 115 The Anterior and Inferior spinous process of the ilium.

1843 R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xxx. 416 There was no tenderness over the spinous processes of the vertebræ.

1873 St. G. Mivart Lessons Elem. Anat. v. 179 Separated by a small notch from a strongly marked prominence called the posterior inferior spinous process.

5. Composed of spines.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > covering or skin > [adjective] > having a hard protective covering > having spines > composed of spines

spinous1790

1790 R. Beilby & T. Bewick Gen. Hist. Quadrupeds 423 The Hedge-hog..is provided by Nature with a spinous armour.

6. Anatomy. Of or belonging to the spine.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > spine > [adjective]

chined1577

vertebral1681

spinal1725

spinous1807

rachidian1823

rachidial1834

rachial1848

sterno-vertebral1861

juxta-spinal1876

thoracispinal1887

1807 S. Cooper First Lines Pract. Surg. I. ii. i. 216 A rupture of the spinous, or some other, artery of the dura mater.

Compounds

spinous-finned adj.

ΚΠ

1851 P. H. Gosse Nat. Hist.: Fishes 200 The Soft-finned Fishes are, in general, inferior to the Spinous-finned in [etc.].

spinous-pointed adj.

ΚΠ

1828 J. E. Smith Eng. Flora (ed. 2) II. 18 Leaves awl-shaped, spinous-pointed, rough.

spinous-serrate adj.

spinous-tailed adj.

ΚΠ

1785 J. Latham Gen. Synopsis Birds III. ii. 555 Spinous-tailed Teal..inhabits Cayenne and Guiana.

spinous-tipped adj.

ΚΠ

1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora Brit. Islands 191 Bracts..acuminate or spinous-tipped.

spinous-toothed adj.

ΚΠ

1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora Brit. Islands 185 Leaves alternate, usually spinous-toothed.

Derivatives

ˈspinousness n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > [noun] > slender or pointed part > sharp > spine > quality of being or having

spinousness1846

spination1866

1846 R. Patterson Introd. Zool. 48 It varies also in the length of the ray-spines, the spinousness of the disc and the relative proportions of rays and discs.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	spinous
释义	spinousadj. Brit. /ˈspʌɪnəs/, U.S. /ˈspaɪnəs/ Etymology: < spine n.¹ + -ous suffix, or < Latin spīnōsus spinose adj. 1. figurative. Resembling or suggestive of a thorn or thorns in respect of sharpness and aridity; unpleasant and difficult or unprofitable to handle or deal with. (Cf. spinose adj. 1.) ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > [adjective] arvethc885 uneathOE arvethlichc1000 evilc1175 hardc1175 deara1225 derfa1225 illc1330 wickeda1375 uneasy1398 difficul?a1450 difficile?1473 difficulta1527 unready1535 craggy1582 spiny1604 tough1619 uphill1622 shrewda1626 spinousa1638 scabrous1646 spinose1660 rugged1663 cranka1745 tight1764 thraward1818 nasty1828 upstream1847 awkward1860 pricklyc1862 bristling1871 sticky1871 rocky1873 dodgy1898 challengeful1927 solid1943 ball-busting1944 challenging1975 the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > [adjective] > sharply sharp?c1225 quipping1542 sharp-fanged1598 wittya1616 spinousa1638 scalding1641 spinose1660 smart1665 acid1756 caustic1771 rapped-out1831 a1638 J. Mede Disc. Divers Texts (1642) 92 This I take to be the true and genuine meaning of this passage,..nor needeth it any spinous Criticisms for its explication. 1660 tr. M. Amyraut Treat. conc. Relig. iii. xi. 535 They would not judge Religion a thing full of spinous questions and irresolvable difficulties. 1694 J. Strype Memorials T. Cranmer ii. xiii. 196 Who had himself..vindicated the truth from the spinous and confused cavils of Sophisters. 1821 C. Lamb in London Mag. Sept. 281/1 Many a sarcastic growl did the latter cast out, for Coventry had a rough spinous humour. 2. Botany. Furnished with spines or thorns; thorn-bearing, thorny. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > thorn or prickle > [adjective] thornenc897 thornyc1000 armeda1398 pikeda1398 thornish1426 pricky1548 prickly1577 prickled1578 spiky1578 sharp-set1601 spiny1604 senticous1657 aculeous1658 spinous1668 spineal1688 spinose1693 aculeate1753 spinescent1793 aculeolate1818 aciculated1819 spinulose1819 spinulescent1836 spinulous1846 thorned1895 1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. 109 Larger leaves; not spinous. 1694 W. Westmacott Θεολοβοτονολογια 199 The Spinous tribe of herbs are many. 1776 J. Lee Introd. Bot. (ed. 3) Explan. Terms 380 Spinosus, spinous, armed with Thorns. 1815 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. (1818) I. 288 Insects, which it first impales alive on the thorns of the sloe and other spinous plants. 1854 J. D. Hooker Himalayan Jrnls. I. vi. 157 With spinous involucres inclosing an eatable sweet nut. 1887 J. Ball Notes Naturalist in S. Amer. 32 One of the spinous species of Solanum. 3. a. Armed or covered with spines or slender sharp-pointed excrescences; spinigerous. Chiefly Zoology. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > covering or skin > [adjective] > having a hard protective covering > having spines pikeda1398 prickled1578 spinose1661 thorny1711 prickly1774 spinous1774 spined1777 spinaceous1875 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VI. 181 Thus there are three grand divisions in the fish kind: the cetaceous, the cartilaginous, and the spinous. 1822 J. Parkinson Outl. Oryctol. 147 The corselet..is sometimes spinous,..but it is generally smooth. 1834 H. McMurtrie tr. G. Cuvier Animal Kingdom (abridged ed.) 192 Fishes..whose operculum or preoperculum..[has] dentated or spinous edges. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. IV. 271 Their surface [is] smooth, rough, or spinous. b. In specific names, as spinous loach, spinous shark, spinous spider-crab, spinous tortoise. ΚΠ 1769 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) III. iii. 1 The Spinous Tortoise..seems common to the Mediterranean. 1839 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Fishes Suppl. ii. 54 The Spinous Shark. Echinorhinus spinosus. 1862 J. Couch Hist. Fishes Brit. Islands I. 54 The Spinous Shark was not known to naturalists before the latter part of the last..century. 1881 Cassell's Nat. Hist. V. 133 The Spinous Loach (Cobitis tænia) is a rarer fish in this country. 1882 Cassell's Nat. Hist. VI. 198 The Spinous Spider Crab (Maia squinado). 4. a. Having the form of a spine or thorn; slender and sharp-pointed. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > shape > [adjective] > pointed, tapering, or elongated ensiform?1541 acuminate1634 aculeated1657 lanceolated1752 sagittated1752 subacute1752 subulated1752 linear1753 subulate1757 spinous1758 lanceolate1760 sagittate1760 sublinear1761 obverse1776 lanced1787 long-acuminate1804 subuliform1804 lanceolar1810 acuminous1813 virgate1821 spiny1828 apiculate1830 ensate1830 aciculate1831 spiniform1833 fibriform1846 obcuneate1870 fusiform1887 1758 A. Monro Anat. Human Bones & Nerves (ed. 6) 121 The fifteenth is the spinous [suture]; which is in the middle of the lower part of the nostrils. 1807 J. E. Smith Introd. Physiol. & Systematical Bot. 414 Four naked seeds, with always more or less of spinous bristles..on their foliage. 1828 J. Stark Elements Nat. Hist. I. 409 Tail forked, with a spinous ray on each side. 1854 Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 3 164 The scales on the back were..raised to a sharp edge, but not spinous nor curved backwards. b. spinous process n. a process or apophysis of a spine-like form, esp. one of those on the vertebræ. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > parts of bones > [noun] > natural outgrowth or projecting part process1565 production1578 apophysis1611 processus1664 probole1684 spine1706 ramus1731 spinous process1732 plectrum1792 buttress1824 epicondyle1828 spiculum1873 1732 A. Monro Anat. (ed. 2) 201 The spinous Processes of the Vertebræ of the Back become gradually longer. 1797 J. Abernethy Surg. & Physiol. Ess. iii. 28 I could..touch the transverse spinous process of the sphenoid bone. 1831 R. Knox tr. H. Cloquet Syst. Human Anat. (ed. 2) 115 The Anterior and Inferior spinous process of the ilium. 1843 R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xxx. 416 There was no tenderness over the spinous processes of the vertebræ. 1873 St. G. Mivart Lessons Elem. Anat. v. 179 Separated by a small notch from a strongly marked prominence called the posterior inferior spinous process. 5. Composed of spines. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > covering or skin > [adjective] > having a hard protective covering > having spines > composed of spines spinous1790 1790 R. Beilby & T. Bewick Gen. Hist. Quadrupeds 423 The Hedge-hog..is provided by Nature with a spinous armour. 6. Anatomy. Of or belonging to the spine. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > spine > [adjective] chined1577 vertebral1681 spinal1725 spinous1807 rachidian1823 rachidial1834 rachial1848 sterno-vertebral1861 juxta-spinal1876 thoracispinal1887 1807 S. Cooper First Lines Pract. Surg. I. ii. i. 216 A rupture of the spinous, or some other, artery of the dura mater. Compounds spinous-finned adj. ΚΠ 1851 P. H. Gosse Nat. Hist.: Fishes 200 The Soft-finned Fishes are, in general, inferior to the Spinous-finned in [etc.]. spinous-pointed adj. ΚΠ 1828 J. E. Smith Eng. Flora (ed. 2) II. 18 Leaves awl-shaped, spinous-pointed, rough. spinous-serrate adj. spinous-tailed adj. ΚΠ 1785 J. Latham Gen. Synopsis Birds III. ii. 555 Spinous-tailed Teal..inhabits Cayenne and Guiana. spinous-tipped adj. ΚΠ 1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora Brit. Islands 191 Bracts..acuminate or spinous-tipped. spinous-toothed adj. ΚΠ 1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora Brit. Islands 185 Leaves alternate, usually spinous-toothed. Derivatives ˈspinousness n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > [noun] > slender or pointed part > sharp > spine > quality of being or having spinousness1846 spination1866 1846 R. Patterson Introd. Zool. 48 It varies also in the length of the ray-spines, the spinousness of the disc and the relative proportions of rays and discs. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.a1638
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