spreadern.

Brit.

/ˈsprɛdə/, U.S.

/ˈsprɛdər/

Forms: see spread v. and -er suffix¹.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: spread v., -er suffix¹.

Etymology: < spread v. + -er suffix¹.

1. A person who spreads, strews, or scatters something. Also with of.line-spreader: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > [noun] > action of scattering or becoming scattered > one who or that which scatters

spreader?c1475

spiller1530

scatterer1535

disseminator1777

?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 119 A Spreder of gyrse, herbarius, herbidarius.

a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 35 One spreader will spreade as much in a day as sixe good mowers will mowe.

1712 N. Blundell Diary (1895) 105 All my Marlers, Spreaders,..and Carters din'd here.

1771 J. W. Baker Exper. in Agric. 1769 78 To keep the Plough close to the Spreader or Spreaders of the Dung, that none of it may be left exposed.

1854 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 15 i. 109 The spreaders carry the manure forward and deposit it in the bottoms of the drills.

1892 Royal Comm. Labour: Digest of Evid. before Group ‘C’ Gloss. 82/1 in Parl. Papers (C. 6708-III) XXXIV. 209 Spreaders, women who spread the softened jute on the card.

1943 Chem. Age 6 Nov. 460/1 The lovers of humus and the spreaders of dung are evidently reaching the public ear with their high-powered propaganda aimed against the use of artificial manures.

1996 Decisions & Orders U.S. National Labor Relations Board 319 41/1 Ruffin begin work as a spreader in the cutting room, and was later transferred to the warehouse.

2. A diffuser, disseminator, or promulgator of something. Also with abroad (now archaic).cheer spreader, rumour spreader, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > [noun] > person who

publisherc1453

bruiter1535

dissipater1537

spreader1542

utterer1549

setter-outc1553

disperser1580

seed carrier1602

divulger1606

propagator1610

promulgera1635

dispreader1636

divulgater1637

promulgater1637

diffuser1645

promulgator1648

disseminator1667

circulator1792

vulgarizer1899

forthteller1920

vulgarisateur1933

1542 T. Elyot Bibliotheca Buccinator, a blower in a trumpet, a spreader of fame.

1551 T. Cranmer Answer S. Gardiner 17 The Papistes..haue ben the chiefe spreaders abrode of it.

1562–3 Act 5 Elizabeth I c. 5 § 33 in Statutes of Realm (1963) IV. i. 427 Suche person shalbee punished as spreaders of fause Newes arr or ought to bee.

1641 W. Prynne New Discov. Prelates Tyranny ii. 152 The spreaders abroad of false, seditious and scandalous newes.

1656 W. Prynne Short Demurrer to Jewes Remitter 83 The Jews..are the greatest venters, spreaders of abominable Blasphemies.

1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 225. ⁋4 He..would be considered as a Spreader of false News is in Business.

1787 J. Bentham Def. Usury xiii. 187 The spreaders of English arts in foreign climes.

1845 W. Maskell Hist. Martin Marprelate Controv. 43 Tyndale, the active spreader abroad of hasty translations of the Scriptures.

1889 ‘M. Twain’ Connecticut Yankee xl. 513 Their penchant for wandering..made them altogether the most effective spreaders of civilization we had.

1904 G. Bremner tr. E. von Dobschütz Christian Life Primitive Church xvii. 271 Prodicus is adduced by Clement of Alexandria as a..spreader abroad of immoral mysteries.

1928 Garden & Home Builder Jan. 429/1 There was once a time when there was no such..spreader of good feeling as coffee.

1955 Sci. News Let. 16 July 43/1 Some species of ticks are occasional spreaders of Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

2008 Independent 6 Nov. 52/1 He has made it far harder for the spreaders of hate in the Islamic world to denounce the Great Satan.

a. Something, esp. a tree or plant, which spreads over an area or grows outwards. Usually with modifying adjective, as rapid, wide, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > [noun] > spreading out > that which

spreader1600

sail1616

1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique iii. xxxiii. 493 The Walnut-trees..are naturally great spreaders in the earth with their great rootes.

a1639 H. Wotton Philos. Surv. Educ. in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1651) 321 If their Child be not such a speedy spreader, and brancher like the Vine.

1744 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman Feb. xxi. 126 The White-wood Tree is a larger Spreader, both in Root and Head, than the Elm.

1845 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 6 i. 198 The oak is naturally a wide spreader.

1890 Bull. Kentucky Agric. Exper. Station No. 25. 5 Cumberland Triumpii.—Perfect flower; plant vigorous and rapid spreader.

1911 Garden Mag. Sept. 57/3 The sand pink..resembles the Scotch pink in being a wide spreader, with bluish foliage and fragrant flowers.

2009 Jrnl. Coastal Res. Spring 53/1 It is a rapid spreader and in recent years it has spread into many areas in the mid-bay where eelgrass has died off.

†b. A side channel. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > tributary > [noun] > side-stream or backwater

wash1530

by-river1577

by-stream1615

float1629

slew1708

by-rilla1711

marigot1759

off-stream1793

slougha1817

spreader1845

backwater1863

by-water1863

by-channel1864

billabong1865

1845 P. Hawker Diary (1893) II. 252 We then poled up the ‘spreader’, but the water was too low to allow my gun to bear on the birds.

†4. slang. Butter. Cf. spread n. 13a. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dairy produce > butter > [noun]

butterOE

cow-butterc1000

spreader1610

spread1811

dairy butter1874

flab1923

1610 S. Rid Martin Mark-all sig. Eiv Spreader, butter.

5. A device used to hold something outstretched or to keep two or more things apart.

a. Each of the struts that extend and support the ribs of an umbrella, parasol, or canopy when it is open; the mechanism operating such struts; a strut having a similar purpose in other devices.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > [noun] > extension or stretching > that by which

spreader1797

outstretcher1854

the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] > that which supports > supporting rod > stretcher or spreader

spreader1797

stretcher1833

outstretcher1854

spreader1865

1797 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 554/2 These wires are attached to a ring which slides on the spindle like the spreader of an umbrella.

1861 Shipwrecked Mariner Jan. 21 It consists simply of a machine made like an umbrella, the covering being either India-rubber or strong canvas, painted white, the spreaders being outside instead of in.

1876 U.S. Patent 175,307 1/1 Figure 1 is an elevation of my umbrella, showing, in part, the handle or staff, the stretchers or braces, the spreaders or bows,.., and the runner or hand-slide.

1914 Trunks, Leather Goods & Umbrellas Apr. 338/1 The invention also involves highly important and novel arrangements of the umbrella stick and of the spreaders.

2009 M. Mason Blue Umbrella xii. 142 The metal spreaders stretched to reveal more and more of the cloth's amazing interior, until finally the entire canopy lay wide open.

b. A bar or pole used to maintain separation between adjacent horses in a team, or between parts of their harness. Cf. spreadbat n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > harness of draught animal > traces > attachments for

norsela1300

pipe?1309

tug1417

tug-hook1417

spreadbat1775

trace-ring1795

trace-tug1795

spreader1810

cock eye1819

stretcher1828

tug-buckle1851

roller1856

piping1875

tug-carrier1877

tug-slide1877

trace-iron1902

trace-loop-

1810 R. Worthington Addr. Pract. Farmers Great Brit. 57 Spreaders between the traces are to be rejected: they are apt to catch and disturb the stems.

1852 C. W. Hoskyns Talpa (1854) i. 3 Bang goes a trace or a spreader, and the plough comes to a standstill.

1981 E. H. Edwards Country Life Bk. Saddlery & Equipm. 185/3 The backband and hip straps take the weight of these chains with a spreader—a bar of wood or metal—placed between the chains behind the horse's quarters to keep them apart.

2008 F. S. Calhoun You can't lose if You don't Quit 23 The harness configuration on the two horse set-up included a spreader, used to keep the horses from bumping into each other.

c. Sailing. A short horizontal strut or spar extending from a mast to a stay or shroud, used to increase the angle that the stay makes with the mast; a crosstree.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > spar > [noun] > spreader for shrouds

spreader1826

1826 Repertory Patent Inventions 2 77 The topmast..is furnished with a cross tree or spreader.

1895 Daily News 11 Sept. 5/5 In weathering it her gaff or spreaders struck Defender's shrouds.

1901 Daily Chron. 6 June 7/5 All her wire rigging except the masthead shrouds going over the spreader.

1915 Yachtsman's Ann. Guide 269 A white light should be displayed on starboard spreader after sunset.

1982 Motor Boating & Sailing Mar. 48/2 Hall Spars..provided the double-spreader tapered mast, which is supported by Navtec rod rigging.

2000 Guardian 15 Jan. (Weekend Suppl.) 15/1 The mast was hatched with crossbars, called spreaders.

d. A bar, rod, or pole to which the edge of a net or fabric (esp. that of a hammock) is attached in order to hold it outstretched.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] > that which supports > supporting rod > stretcher or spreader

spreader1797

stretcher1833

outstretcher1854

spreader1865

1865 L. J. H. Young Sea-fishing as Sport i. 23 It is a net about twenty-five fathoms in length..and from six feet at the ends to thirty in the bunt or hollow, the upper part is kept spread open by poles or spreaders.

1888 G. M. Fenn Dick o' the Fens 88 The net, at whose two ends was fixed a pole as spreader.

1956 Sandusky (Ohio) Reg.-Star-News 8 Mar. 6 (advt.) Has 800-lb.-test chain-suspension with tubular steel spreaders at both ends for solid comfort.

2012 T. Durant Visser Porches North Amer. ii. 93/1 Hammocks with wooden or metal spreaders at one or both ends..provide a flatter surface than those without.

e. An implement or apparatus used to hold two things apart at a specific distance from one another; esp. an apparatus used to hold in place the sides of a form (form n. 18b).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > other specific types of equipment > [noun] > other tools and equipment

pollhache1324

poleaxe1356

muckrake1366

pestlea1382

botea1450

staff1459

press-board1558

reel1593

water crane1658

lathekin1659

tower1662

dressing hook1683

liner1683

hovel1686

flax-brake1688

nipper1688

horse1728

tap1797

feather-stick1824

bow1839

safety belt1840

economizer1841

throttle damper1849

cleat1854

leg brace1857

bark-peeler1862

pugging screw1862

nail driver1863

spool1864

turntable1865

ovate1872

tension bar1879

icebreaker1881

spreader1881

toucher1881

window pole1888

mushroom head1890

rat1894

slackline1896

auger1897

latch hook1900

thimble1901

horse1904

pipe jack1909

mulcher1910

hand plate1911

splashguard1917

cheese-cutter1927

airbrasive1945

impactor1945

fogger1946

1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 179 Spreaders, pieces of timber stretched across a shaft as a temporary support of the walls.

1889 Rep. First Meeting Australasian Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 640 The props were notched into the cap piece and rested on longitudinal foot plates and had spreaders between..to take the side pressure.

1921 Concrete Products Feb. 44/1 A concrete form spreader which may remain in the concrete is shown.

2015 F. Voigt Carpentry (ed. 4) ix. 226 Fasten the spreaders across the form at intervals necessary to hold the form the correct distance apart.

f. A spreading board or other device for setting insect specimens.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > zoology > study of specific types of animal > [noun] > insects > equipment material

spreading board1821

setting-board1825

spreader1910

Polyporus1940

electroantennography1973

1910 H. G. Parsons Children's Gardens for Pleasure, Health & Educ. 53 (caption) Parsons' Insect Spreader with universal slot.

1912 G. W. Deeping Sincerity x. 75 Cork spreaders for setting butterflies and moths.

1940 M. P. Jones 4-H Club Insect Man. (rev. ed.) 9 Allow butterfly to remain on spreader a few days, or until dry.

1970 L. W. Nelson Instructional Aids (ed. 2) 82/2 After curing the insects on the spreader..they will be ready for study or display.

a. A tool or implement used for flattening or spreading something over an area, typically having a flat surface with which pressure is applied directly to the thing or substance being spread.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > other specific types of equipment > [noun] > spraying or sprinkling tools

dust-box1581

dredger1666

dredging-box1712

spreader1810

dredge-box1812

distributor1853

deflector1887

squirter1888

sprayer1891

spreader1810

distributor1853

1810 W. Pitt Gen. View Agric. County Worcester v. 51 Hay cutting knife, dung and mole-hill spreaders.

1882 Rep. Prec. Metals U.S. 586 The pulp goes on to the distributing board, which is provided with spreaders.

1962 Pop. Mech. Jan. 165 You'll get a better glue join when joining large surfaces if you apply the glue with a spreader.

2012 Herald-Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 20 June a4/5 He noticed Foster..trying to pry a window open with a knife he described as a brown-handled ‘butter spreader’.

b. Manufacturing Technology. Any of several machines used in the preparation of flax, hemp, sisal, etc., for spinning, esp. by producing a sliver (sliver n.¹ 2) from bundles of fibres.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > rope-making equipment > [noun] > other rope-making equipment

warping-tree1404

throw-crook1557

warping-stock1588

spun-yarn winch1627

winch1640

woolder1750

register1793

top minor1793

laying-top1794

warping-block1794

whirl1794

reel1797

warping-post1797

whirl-hook1797

strand-hook1825

spreader1830

wimble1863

snugger1875

strop1875

1830 London Jrnl. Arts & Sci. 4 246 French Patents... Andrieux, of Paris, for a machine called by him a ‘spreader’, calculated for peeling and spreading out hemp and flax.

1884 Western Morning News 9 Aug. 1/5 Cards, spreaders, drawings, rovings.

1917 Textile Amer. Jan. 30/3 Lots of hackled flax..are fed into a machine called a spreader.

1957 D. Himmelfarb Technol. Cordage Fibres & Rope iii. 83 Good's machines are designated..breaker, coarse spreader, and fine spreaders.

2004 H. A. McKenna et al. Handbk. Fibre Rope Technol. ii. 41 The spreader is similar but includes doubling, as well as combing and drafting.

c. A nozzle (esp. for a hosepipe) that directs fluid in the form of a broad, flat spray.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of squirting or issuing in a jet > [noun] > apparatus or instrument for squirting > for spreading a jet of water

spreader1841

1841 Mechanics' Mag. 15 May 377/2 For watering gardens, a fan or spreader is affixed to the hose-pipe.

1863 Illustr. Hand-bk. & Price Current Machinery & Iron Work (Appleby Bros.) 59 Copper Branch-pipe... Brass Jet and Spreader extra, 7/6 each.

1917 A. F. Burgess Gipsy Moth & Brown-tail Moth 19 By using a small device, which is attached to the nozzle and is known as a spreader, it is possible to spray low growth.

2011 L. Rama Eco-yards ix. 152 For spray effect, I use a little plastic hose end spreader.

†d. An attachment for a boring rod used to scatter the detritus produced around a hole as it is bored. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > piercing or boring tools > [noun] > boring tool > for boring in the ground > equipment for use with

sinking-chain1820

runner1839

rotary table1845

wad hook1881

socket1883

spreadera1884

whipstock1903

a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 827/1 Socket, a tool used in well boring.., screwing on to the top of the rod, attaching by gripers, hooks, shoulders, collars, spreaders, etc.

1903 U.S. Patent 747,126 3 Rotatably mounted upon the boring-rod..is a spreader, which is caused to rotate with the bevel-gear.

e. A beam designed to be suspended from a crane, hoist, etc., at two or more points along its length, typically having multiple points at which a load can be attached. More fully spreader beam.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > crane > parts of

crane-line1466

ram's head1611

crane-wheel1669

ram-head1686

gibbet1730

calliper1765

jib1765

outrigger1835

clutch1874

crab1874

gabbard1952

spreader1957

lifting beam1963

1957 Delta Democrat-Times (Greenville, Mississippi) 27 Aug. 6/3 12 ft steel spreader beam. 2 bridle hitches at top, 5 sling hitches at bottom.

1970 Specification for Flat Lifting Slings (B.S.I.) 20 Use a spreader beam or other suitable arrangement to ensure that the slings are as nearly as practicable vertical.

2007 V. Jewiss tr. R. Saviano Gomorrah (2008) 3 The spreader, which hooks the container to the crane, was unable to control its movement.

7. A surfactant.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > liquid phase > [noun] > surface tension > surfactant

spreader1918

surfactant1950

1918 Jrnl. Econ. Entomol. 11 67 The surface tension and specific gravity are probably factors of importance in determining the value of a spreader.

1941 Nature 12 Apr. 438/2 The efficiency of..‘spreaders’ in a given oil may be gauged by the direct measurement of their spreading power against surface contamination in the Adam-Langmuir surface pressure trough.

1963 H. Martin Insecticide & Fungicide Handbk. iii. 57 Where high or medium volume is used, the addition to the spray of surface-active ‘wetters’ or ‘spreaders’ may be recommended in order to increase the cover obtained.

2006 J. Cervantes Marijuana Hort. xi. 284/2 Big, bulbous drops on the leaves mean you need to use a spreader.

Compounds

spreader bar n. a bar that serves as a spreader (in various senses).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > parts of cart or carriage > [noun] > bar fixed across head of shafts

splinter1794

splinter-bar1794

spreader bar1868

main-bar1897

1868 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1867 II. 1323/2 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (40th Congr., 2nd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 96) X A self-attaching catch..is tripped by a rod extending through the spreader bar of the handle.

1895 Ice & Refrigeration Aug. 113/2 The run on which he stood was slung in what is termed by ice men a movable bridle held in place by a spreader bar.

1954 W. Faulkner Fable 222 When they sat up it was together as though a spreader bar connected them.

1961 M. G. Say Electr. Engineer's Ref. Bk. (ed. 10) xxii. 15 For longer plates, two or more magnets are used on a spreader bar.

1968 J. Arnold Shell Bk. Country Crafts xi. 166 Between the two horses, the trace-chains were kept steady by a spreader-bar.

2002 Sport Fishing Sept. 130/2 I didn't catch anything, so I switched from lures to ballyhoo with small jetheads and spreader bars.

spreader dam n. U.S. Hydrology a type of wide earthen dam or embankment used in the western United States to disrupt the natural flow of run-off water by causing it to spread into a wider area, thus promoting greater ground infiltration and reduction in erosion.

ΚΠ

1935 Woodland (Calif.) Daily Democrat 11 Jan. 15/2 The construction of several ‘spreader dams’ which cause the water to spread over the entire stream bed instead of being confined to one narrow channel.

1961 Colorado Springs (Colorado) Gaz. Tel. 22 Feb. 8/6 He was one of the first ranchers in the region to build a large spreader dam on his place to catch heavy flow of run-off water from rains and snows.

2002 N. F. Sayre Ranching, Endangered Species, & Urbanization in Southwest (2006) vi. 148 Greater grass cover, erosion control measures, and spreader dams together approximated the pre-entrenchment hydrology of the valley.

spreader light n. Sailing a light attached to the spreader of a yacht.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > other equipment of vessel > [noun] > external lanterns lights

poop lantern1651

pharol1660

poop-light1708

top-lantern1748

pharos1759

truck-light18..

riding lamp1825

battle-lantern1830

pilot light1846

sidelight1848

riding light1861

running light1863

position light1889

smoking-lamp1889

navigation light1909

steaming light1909

spreader light1939

fanal-

1939 Yachting Mar. 69/1 We could see Stormy's deck flashlights and spreader lights occasionally up ahead.

1977 G. V. Higgins Dreamland ix. 96 With the spreader lights on the main-mast on, I took down the mizzen sail.

2014 D. Pike Be your own Boat Surveyor 139 Mast lights..are clear of the running rigging and sails (spreader lights are much the same).

spreader stick n. a stick that serves as a spreader (in sense 5).

ΚΠ

1871 in M. Schele De Vere Americanisms 351 The captain..was attacked with a spreaderstick (a piece of wood used as a swingle-tree on the tow-track).

1917 W. H. Miller Boys' Bk. Canoeing & Sailing ii. iv. 180 Lead out guy-ropes for bridles of the fore and aft spreadersticks of the tent and guy to pegs in the sand.

2015 P. M. Vossen & D. Silva in D. R. Pittenger Calif. Master Gardener Handbk. (ed. 2) xvi. 505 Gardeners use small weights, clothespins, props, spreader sticks, electrical tape, and string to bind vertical branches to their desired angle.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	spreader
释义	spreadern. Brit. /ˈsprɛdə/, U.S. /ˈsprɛdər/ Forms: see spread v. and -er suffix¹. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: spread v., -er suffix¹. Etymology: < spread v. + -er suffix¹. 1. A person who spreads, strews, or scatters something. Also with of.line-spreader: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > [noun] > action of scattering or becoming scattered > one who or that which scatters spreader?c1475 spiller1530 scatterer1535 disseminator1777 ?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 119 A Spreder of gyrse, herbarius, herbidarius. a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 35 One spreader will spreade as much in a day as sixe good mowers will mowe. 1712 N. Blundell Diary (1895) 105 All my Marlers, Spreaders,..and Carters din'd here. 1771 J. W. Baker Exper. in Agric. 1769 78 To keep the Plough close to the Spreader or Spreaders of the Dung, that none of it may be left exposed. 1854 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 15 i. 109 The spreaders carry the manure forward and deposit it in the bottoms of the drills. 1892 Royal Comm. Labour: Digest of Evid. before Group ‘C’ Gloss. 82/1 in Parl. Papers (C. 6708-III) XXXIV. 209 Spreaders, women who spread the softened jute on the card. 1943 Chem. Age 6 Nov. 460/1 The lovers of humus and the spreaders of dung are evidently reaching the public ear with their high-powered propaganda aimed against the use of artificial manures. 1996 Decisions & Orders U.S. National Labor Relations Board 319 41/1 Ruffin begin work as a spreader in the cutting room, and was later transferred to the warehouse. 2. A diffuser, disseminator, or promulgator of something. Also with abroad (now archaic).cheer spreader, rumour spreader, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > [noun] > person who publisherc1453 bruiter1535 dissipater1537 spreader1542 utterer1549 setter-outc1553 disperser1580 seed carrier1602 divulger1606 propagator1610 promulgera1635 dispreader1636 divulgater1637 promulgater1637 diffuser1645 promulgator1648 disseminator1667 circulator1792 vulgarizer1899 forthteller1920 vulgarisateur1933 1542 T. Elyot Bibliotheca Buccinator, a blower in a trumpet, a spreader of fame. 1551 T. Cranmer Answer S. Gardiner 17 The Papistes..haue ben the chiefe spreaders abrode of it. 1562–3 Act 5 Elizabeth I c. 5 § 33 in Statutes of Realm (1963) IV. i. 427 Suche person shalbee punished as spreaders of fause Newes arr or ought to bee. 1641 W. Prynne New Discov. Prelates Tyranny ii. 152 The spreaders abroad of false, seditious and scandalous newes. 1656 W. Prynne Short Demurrer to Jewes Remitter 83 The Jews..are the greatest venters, spreaders of abominable Blasphemies. 1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 225. ⁋4 He..would be considered as a Spreader of false News is in Business. 1787 J. Bentham Def. Usury xiii. 187 The spreaders of English arts in foreign climes. 1845 W. Maskell Hist. Martin Marprelate Controv. 43 Tyndale, the active spreader abroad of hasty translations of the Scriptures. 1889 ‘M. Twain’ Connecticut Yankee xl. 513 Their penchant for wandering..made them altogether the most effective spreaders of civilization we had. 1904 G. Bremner tr. E. von Dobschütz Christian Life Primitive Church xvii. 271 Prodicus is adduced by Clement of Alexandria as a..spreader abroad of immoral mysteries. 1928 Garden & Home Builder Jan. 429/1 There was once a time when there was no such..spreader of good feeling as coffee. 1955 Sci. News Let. 16 July 43/1 Some species of ticks are occasional spreaders of Rocky Mountain spotted fever. 2008 Independent 6 Nov. 52/1 He has made it far harder for the spreaders of hate in the Islamic world to denounce the Great Satan. 3. a. Something, esp. a tree or plant, which spreads over an area or grows outwards. Usually with modifying adjective, as rapid, wide, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > [noun] > spreading out > that which spreader1600 sail1616 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique iii. xxxiii. 493 The Walnut-trees..are naturally great spreaders in the earth with their great rootes. a1639 H. Wotton Philos. Surv. Educ. in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1651) 321 If their Child be not such a speedy spreader, and brancher like the Vine. 1744 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman Feb. xxi. 126 The White-wood Tree is a larger Spreader, both in Root and Head, than the Elm. 1845 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 6 i. 198 The oak is naturally a wide spreader. 1890 Bull. Kentucky Agric. Exper. Station No. 25. 5 Cumberland Triumpii.—Perfect flower; plant vigorous and rapid spreader. 1911 Garden Mag. Sept. 57/3 The sand pink..resembles the Scotch pink in being a wide spreader, with bluish foliage and fragrant flowers. 2009 Jrnl. Coastal Res. Spring 53/1 It is a rapid spreader and in recent years it has spread into many areas in the mid-bay where eelgrass has died off. †b. A side channel. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > tributary > [noun] > side-stream or backwater wash1530 by-river1577 by-stream1615 float1629 slew1708 by-rilla1711 marigot1759 off-stream1793 slougha1817 spreader1845 backwater1863 by-water1863 by-channel1864 billabong1865 1845 P. Hawker Diary (1893) II. 252 We then poled up the ‘spreader’, but the water was too low to allow my gun to bear on the birds. †4. slang. Butter. Cf. spread n. 13a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dairy produce > butter > [noun] butterOE cow-butterc1000 spreader1610 spread1811 dairy butter1874 flab1923 1610 S. Rid Martin Mark-all sig. Eiv Spreader, butter. 5. A device used to hold something outstretched or to keep two or more things apart. a. Each of the struts that extend and support the ribs of an umbrella, parasol, or canopy when it is open; the mechanism operating such struts; a strut having a similar purpose in other devices. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > [noun] > extension or stretching > that by which spreader1797 outstretcher1854 the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] > that which supports > supporting rod > stretcher or spreader spreader1797 stretcher1833 outstretcher1854 spreader1865 1797 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 554/2 These wires are attached to a ring which slides on the spindle like the spreader of an umbrella. 1861 Shipwrecked Mariner Jan. 21 It consists simply of a machine made like an umbrella, the covering being either India-rubber or strong canvas, painted white, the spreaders being outside instead of in. 1876 U.S. Patent 175,307 1/1 Figure 1 is an elevation of my umbrella, showing, in part, the handle or staff, the stretchers or braces, the spreaders or bows,.., and the runner or hand-slide. 1914 Trunks, Leather Goods & Umbrellas Apr. 338/1 The invention also involves highly important and novel arrangements of the umbrella stick and of the spreaders. 2009 M. Mason Blue Umbrella xii. 142 The metal spreaders stretched to reveal more and more of the cloth's amazing interior, until finally the entire canopy lay wide open. b. A bar or pole used to maintain separation between adjacent horses in a team, or between parts of their harness. Cf. spreadbat n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > harness of draught animal > traces > attachments for norsela1300 pipe?1309 tug1417 tug-hook1417 spreadbat1775 trace-ring1795 trace-tug1795 spreader1810 cock eye1819 stretcher1828 tug-buckle1851 roller1856 piping1875 tug-carrier1877 tug-slide1877 trace-iron1902 trace-loop- 1810 R. Worthington Addr. Pract. Farmers Great Brit. 57 Spreaders between the traces are to be rejected: they are apt to catch and disturb the stems. 1852 C. W. Hoskyns Talpa (1854) i. 3 Bang goes a trace or a spreader, and the plough comes to a standstill. 1981 E. H. Edwards Country Life Bk. Saddlery & Equipm. 185/3 The backband and hip straps take the weight of these chains with a spreader—a bar of wood or metal—placed between the chains behind the horse's quarters to keep them apart. 2008 F. S. Calhoun You can't lose if You don't Quit 23 The harness configuration on the two horse set-up included a spreader, used to keep the horses from bumping into each other. c. Sailing. A short horizontal strut or spar extending from a mast to a stay or shroud, used to increase the angle that the stay makes with the mast; a crosstree. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > spar > [noun] > spreader for shrouds spreader1826 1826 Repertory Patent Inventions 2 77 The topmast..is furnished with a cross tree or spreader. 1895 Daily News 11 Sept. 5/5 In weathering it her gaff or spreaders struck Defender's shrouds. 1901 Daily Chron. 6 June 7/5 All her wire rigging except the masthead shrouds going over the spreader. 1915 Yachtsman's Ann. Guide 269 A white light should be displayed on starboard spreader after sunset. 1982 Motor Boating & Sailing Mar. 48/2 Hall Spars..provided the double-spreader tapered mast, which is supported by Navtec rod rigging. 2000 Guardian 15 Jan. (Weekend Suppl.) 15/1 The mast was hatched with crossbars, called spreaders. d. A bar, rod, or pole to which the edge of a net or fabric (esp. that of a hammock) is attached in order to hold it outstretched. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] > that which supports > supporting rod > stretcher or spreader spreader1797 stretcher1833 outstretcher1854 spreader1865 1865 L. J. H. Young Sea-fishing as Sport i. 23 It is a net about twenty-five fathoms in length..and from six feet at the ends to thirty in the bunt or hollow, the upper part is kept spread open by poles or spreaders. 1888 G. M. Fenn Dick o' the Fens 88 The net, at whose two ends was fixed a pole as spreader. 1956 Sandusky (Ohio) Reg.-Star-News 8 Mar. 6 (advt.) Has 800-lb.-test chain-suspension with tubular steel spreaders at both ends for solid comfort. 2012 T. Durant Visser Porches North Amer. ii. 93/1 Hammocks with wooden or metal spreaders at one or both ends..provide a flatter surface than those without. e. An implement or apparatus used to hold two things apart at a specific distance from one another; esp. an apparatus used to hold in place the sides of a form (form n. 18b). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > other specific types of equipment > [noun] > other tools and equipment pollhache1324 poleaxe1356 muckrake1366 pestlea1382 botea1450 staff1459 press-board1558 reel1593 water crane1658 lathekin1659 tower1662 dressing hook1683 liner1683 hovel1686 flax-brake1688 nipper1688 horse1728 tap1797 feather-stick1824 bow1839 safety belt1840 economizer1841 throttle damper1849 cleat1854 leg brace1857 bark-peeler1862 pugging screw1862 nail driver1863 spool1864 turntable1865 ovate1872 tension bar1879 icebreaker1881 spreader1881 toucher1881 window pole1888 mushroom head1890 rat1894 slackline1896 auger1897 latch hook1900 thimble1901 horse1904 pipe jack1909 mulcher1910 hand plate1911 splashguard1917 cheese-cutter1927 airbrasive1945 impactor1945 fogger1946 1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 179 Spreaders, pieces of timber stretched across a shaft as a temporary support of the walls. 1889 Rep. First Meeting Australasian Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 640 The props were notched into the cap piece and rested on longitudinal foot plates and had spreaders between..to take the side pressure. 1921 Concrete Products Feb. 44/1 A concrete form spreader which may remain in the concrete is shown. 2015 F. Voigt Carpentry (ed. 4) ix. 226 Fasten the spreaders across the form at intervals necessary to hold the form the correct distance apart. f. A spreading board or other device for setting insect specimens. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > zoology > study of specific types of animal > [noun] > insects > equipment material spreading board1821 setting-board1825 spreader1910 Polyporus1940 electroantennography1973 1910 H. G. Parsons Children's Gardens for Pleasure, Health & Educ. 53 (caption) Parsons' Insect Spreader with universal slot. 1912 G. W. Deeping Sincerity x. 75 Cork spreaders for setting butterflies and moths. 1940 M. P. Jones 4-H Club Insect Man. (rev. ed.) 9 Allow butterfly to remain on spreader a few days, or until dry. 1970 L. W. Nelson Instructional Aids (ed. 2) 82/2 After curing the insects on the spreader..they will be ready for study or display. 6. a. A tool or implement used for flattening or spreading something over an area, typically having a flat surface with which pressure is applied directly to the thing or substance being spread. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > other specific types of equipment > [noun] > spraying or sprinkling tools dust-box1581 dredger1666 dredging-box1712 spreader1810 dredge-box1812 distributor1853 deflector1887 squirter1888 sprayer1891 the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > [noun] > action of scattering or becoming scattered > one who or that which scatters > that which spreader1810 distributor1853 1810 W. Pitt Gen. View Agric. County Worcester v. 51 Hay cutting knife, dung and mole-hill spreaders. 1882 Rep. Prec. Metals U.S. 586 The pulp goes on to the distributing board, which is provided with spreaders. 1962 Pop. Mech. Jan. 165 You'll get a better glue join when joining large surfaces if you apply the glue with a spreader. 2012 Herald-Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 20 June a4/5 He noticed Foster..trying to pry a window open with a knife he described as a brown-handled ‘butter spreader’. b. Manufacturing Technology. Any of several machines used in the preparation of flax, hemp, sisal, etc., for spinning, esp. by producing a sliver (sliver n.¹ 2) from bundles of fibres. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > rope-making equipment > [noun] > other rope-making equipment warping-tree1404 throw-crook1557 warping-stock1588 spun-yarn winch1627 winch1640 woolder1750 register1793 top minor1793 laying-top1794 warping-block1794 whirl1794 reel1797 warping-post1797 whirl-hook1797 strand-hook1825 spreader1830 register plate1832 wimble1863 snugger1875 strop1875 1830 London Jrnl. Arts & Sci. 4 246 French Patents... Andrieux, of Paris, for a machine called by him a ‘spreader’, calculated for peeling and spreading out hemp and flax. 1884 Western Morning News 9 Aug. 1/5 Cards, spreaders, drawings, rovings. 1917 Textile Amer. Jan. 30/3 Lots of hackled flax..are fed into a machine called a spreader. 1957 D. Himmelfarb Technol. Cordage Fibres & Rope iii. 83 Good's machines are designated..breaker, coarse spreader, and fine spreaders. 2004 H. A. McKenna et al. Handbk. Fibre Rope Technol. ii. 41 The spreader is similar but includes doubling, as well as combing and drafting. c. A nozzle (esp. for a hosepipe) that directs fluid in the form of a broad, flat spray. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of squirting or issuing in a jet > [noun] > apparatus or instrument for squirting > for spreading a jet of water spreader1841 1841 Mechanics' Mag. 15 May 377/2 For watering gardens, a fan or spreader is affixed to the hose-pipe. 1863 Illustr. Hand-bk. & Price Current Machinery & Iron Work (Appleby Bros.) 59 Copper Branch-pipe... Brass Jet and Spreader extra, 7/6 each. 1917 A. F. Burgess Gipsy Moth & Brown-tail Moth 19 By using a small device, which is attached to the nozzle and is known as a spreader, it is possible to spray low growth. 2011 L. Rama Eco-yards ix. 152 For spray effect, I use a little plastic hose end spreader. †d. An attachment for a boring rod used to scatter the detritus produced around a hole as it is bored. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > piercing or boring tools > [noun] > boring tool > for boring in the ground > equipment for use with sinking-chain1820 runner1839 rotary table1845 wad hook1881 socket1883 spreadera1884 whipstock1903 a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 827/1 Socket, a tool used in well boring.., screwing on to the top of the rod, attaching by gripers, hooks, shoulders, collars, spreaders, etc. 1903 U.S. Patent 747,126 3 Rotatably mounted upon the boring-rod..is a spreader, which is caused to rotate with the bevel-gear. e. A beam designed to be suspended from a crane, hoist, etc., at two or more points along its length, typically having multiple points at which a load can be attached. More fully spreader beam. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > crane > parts of crane-line1466 ram's head1611 crane-wheel1669 ram-head1686 gibbet1730 calliper1765 jib1765 outrigger1835 clutch1874 crab1874 gabbard1952 spreader1957 lifting beam1963 1957 Delta Democrat-Times (Greenville, Mississippi) 27 Aug. 6/3 12 ft steel spreader beam. 2 bridle hitches at top, 5 sling hitches at bottom. 1970 Specification for Flat Lifting Slings (B.S.I.) 20 Use a spreader beam or other suitable arrangement to ensure that the slings are as nearly as practicable vertical. 2007 V. Jewiss tr. R. Saviano Gomorrah (2008) 3 The spreader, which hooks the container to the crane, was unable to control its movement. 7. A surfactant. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > liquid phase > [noun] > surface tension > surfactant spreader1918 surfactant1950 1918 Jrnl. Econ. Entomol. 11 67 The surface tension and specific gravity are probably factors of importance in determining the value of a spreader. 1941 Nature 12 Apr. 438/2 The efficiency of..‘spreaders’ in a given oil may be gauged by the direct measurement of their spreading power against surface contamination in the Adam-Langmuir surface pressure trough. 1963 H. Martin Insecticide & Fungicide Handbk. iii. 57 Where high or medium volume is used, the addition to the spray of surface-active ‘wetters’ or ‘spreaders’ may be recommended in order to increase the cover obtained. 2006 J. Cervantes Marijuana Hort. xi. 284/2 Big, bulbous drops on the leaves mean you need to use a spreader. Compounds spreader bar n. a bar that serves as a spreader (in various senses). ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > parts of cart or carriage > [noun] > bar fixed across head of shafts splinter1794 splinter-bar1794 spreader bar1868 main-bar1897 1868 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1867 II. 1323/2 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (40th Congr., 2nd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 96) X A self-attaching catch..is tripped by a rod extending through the spreader bar of the handle. 1895 Ice & Refrigeration Aug. 113/2 The run on which he stood was slung in what is termed by ice men a movable bridle held in place by a spreader bar. 1954 W. Faulkner Fable 222 When they sat up it was together as though a spreader bar connected them. 1961 M. G. Say Electr. Engineer's Ref. Bk. (ed. 10) xxii. 15 For longer plates, two or more magnets are used on a spreader bar. 1968 J. Arnold Shell Bk. Country Crafts xi. 166 Between the two horses, the trace-chains were kept steady by a spreader-bar. 2002 Sport Fishing Sept. 130/2 I didn't catch anything, so I switched from lures to ballyhoo with small jetheads and spreader bars. spreader dam n. U.S. Hydrology a type of wide earthen dam or embankment used in the western United States to disrupt the natural flow of run-off water by causing it to spread into a wider area, thus promoting greater ground infiltration and reduction in erosion. ΚΠ 1935 Woodland (Calif.) Daily Democrat 11 Jan. 15/2 The construction of several ‘spreader dams’ which cause the water to spread over the entire stream bed instead of being confined to one narrow channel. 1961 Colorado Springs (Colorado) Gaz. Tel. 22 Feb. 8/6 He was one of the first ranchers in the region to build a large spreader dam on his place to catch heavy flow of run-off water from rains and snows. 2002 N. F. Sayre Ranching, Endangered Species, & Urbanization in Southwest (2006) vi. 148 Greater grass cover, erosion control measures, and spreader dams together approximated the pre-entrenchment hydrology of the valley. spreader light n. Sailing a light attached to the spreader of a yacht. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > other equipment of vessel > [noun] > external lanterns lights poop lantern1651 pharol1660 poop-light1708 top-lantern1748 pharos1759 truck-light18.. riding lamp1825 battle-lantern1830 pilot light1846 sidelight1848 riding light1861 running light1863 position light1889 smoking-lamp1889 navigation light1909 steaming light1909 spreader light1939 fanal- 1939 Yachting Mar. 69/1 We could see Stormy's deck flashlights and spreader lights occasionally up ahead. 1977 G. V. Higgins Dreamland ix. 96 With the spreader lights on the main-mast on, I took down the mizzen sail. 2014 D. Pike Be your own Boat Surveyor 139 Mast lights..are clear of the running rigging and sails (spreader lights are much the same). spreader stick n. a stick that serves as a spreader (in sense 5). ΚΠ 1871 in M. Schele De Vere Americanisms 351 The captain..was attacked with a spreaderstick (a piece of wood used as a swingle-tree on the tow-track). 1917 W. H. Miller Boys' Bk. Canoeing & Sailing ii. iv. 180 Lead out guy-ropes for bridles of the fore and aft spreadersticks of the tent and guy to pegs in the sand. 2015 P. M. Vossen & D. Silva in D. R. Pittenger Calif. Master Gardener Handbk. (ed. 2) xvi. 505 Gardeners use small weights, clothespins, props, spreader sticks, electrical tape, and string to bind vertical branches to their desired angle. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.?c1475
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