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单词 sprenge
释义

sprengen.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: sprenge v.
Etymology: < sprenge v. Compare earlier sprenging n. at sprenge v. Derivatives and also springing n.1 12.Compare Old English spring , in the same sense (see spring n.1).
Obsolete.
A sprinkling; the action of sprinkling.figurative in quots.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > [noun] > scattering in small particles or sprinkling
sprengingOE
sprengea1350
springinga1382
bespringing1398
sprinklingc1400
sprainture1481
springling?1549
inspersion1568
conspersionc1572
sprinkle1575
respersion1635
spargefaction1704
spargefication1834
sprayinga1884
a1350 in K. Böddeker Altengl. Dichtungen (1878) 201 Þy loue sprenges tacheþ me.
a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) II. 287 Sprenge [c1425 Douce spryngynge] of salt on þis flour is wisdom þat man haþ to serve God in clennesse.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

sprengev.

Forms: 1. Present stem Old English sprængan, Old English sprængcan (in prefixed forms), Old English sprencgan, Old English sprengan, Old English sprengcan, Old English sprengcgan (in prefixed forms), Old English sprenst (2nd singular indicative), early Middle English spræng (imperative), early Middle English sprenȝ (imperative), Middle English spreenge, Middle English spreinge, Middle English sprenche, Middle English spreng, Middle English sprenge. 2. Past tense.

α. Old English sprencde (in prefixed forms), Old English sprengcde, Old English–Middle English sprengde, Middle English sprengd, Middle English sprengide, Middle English sprengþe, Middle English spreyngde, Middle English–1500s sprenged.

β. Middle English spraynde, Middle English spreinde, Middle English spreynd, Middle English spreynde, Middle English spreynt, Middle English spreynte, Middle English–1500s spreint.

γ. Middle English sprende, Middle English sprente, 1500s–1600s (1800s–1900s poetic) sprent; N.E.D. (1914) also records a form late Middle English sprent.

3. Past participle.

α. Old English gesprengd- (inflected form), Old English gesprenged, Old English gespringede (plural, probably transmission error), Old English sprænged (in prefixed forms (not ge-)), Old English sprengd- (inflected form, in prefixed forms (not ge-)), Middle English isprengd, Middle English isprengde, Middle English isprenged, Middle English sprengd, Middle English sprengde, Middle English sprengid, Middle English sprengide, Middle English sprengte, Middle English spreyngd, Middle English ysprengd, Middle English yspreynged, Middle English–1500s sprenged; N.E.D. (1914) also records the forms early Middle English ysprengde, late Middle English spreyngde.

β. Middle English ispreind, Middle English ispreinde, Middle English spreind, Middle English spreinde, Middle English spreined, Middle English spreyn (transmission error), Middle English spreynd, Middle English spreynde, Middle English spreyned, Middle English spreynede, Middle English spreynte, Middle English yspranid (transmission error), Middle English yspreint, Middle English yspreynd, Middle English–1500s spreynt, Middle English–1600s spreint, late Middle English spayned (transmission error), late Middle English spraynd, late Middle English spraynde, late Middle English sprayngd, late Middle English ypreynd (transmission error); N.E.D. (1914) also records a form late Middle English spreinte.

γ. late Middle English ysprined, late Middle English ysprynt.

δ. late Middle English isprend, late Middle English sprenct, late Middle English–1900s sprent, 1500s sprant, 1500s–1600s sprente; N.E.D. (1914) also records the forms Middle English sprende, late Middle English sprente.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian sprensza (West Frisian sprinzgje , East Frisian (Wangeroog) sprang , North Frisian sprēng ), Middle Dutch, Dutch sprengen , Old Saxon -sprengjan (in tisprengjan to shatter; Middle Low German sprengen ), Old High German sprengan (Middle High German, German sprengen ), Old Icelandic sprengja , Old Swedish sprängia (Swedish spränga ), Old Danish, Danish sprænge , a causative formation < the same Germanic base as spring v.1 Compare bespreng v. Compare also later springe v.1 (see note).In early use (in biblical or related Christian contexts) frequently used to translate classical Latin spargere to sprinkle, scatter (see sparse v. and compare spring v.1) and its derivatives, especially aspergere to sprinkle or scatter on, in post-classical Latin also to purify (Vulgate: see asperge v.), conspergere to cover with small drops or particles, in post-classical Latin also to mix (ingredients into a dough) (Vulgate: see consperge v.), and respergere to sprinkle, splash, spatter (see resperse v.). Past tense and past participle forms. The past tense and past participle forms show a complex but regular development in Middle English, involving assimilation and simplification of the consonant cluster (compare Forms 2β. and 3β. ) and subsequent development of the resulting diphthong into a short vowel (compare Forms 2γ. and 3δ. ). (See R. Jordan Handb. der mittelenglischen Grammatik (ed. 2, 1934) §103.) Some association is also possible with (unrelated) sprent v. (especially sense 2b at that entry) and sprent n.2 Compare also besprent adj. Compare further Old Frisian sprengt , springt , used with reference to cloth that has been sprinkled with something (part of speech uncertain, but apparently a use as adjective or noun of the past participle of sprensza ). Post-medieval developments. From the 16th cent. onwards the word is only attested in the past tense and past participle, which by this time only rarely appear in forms with ng (compare sprenged at Forms 2α. and 3α. ). The present stem is apparently continued later by the rare springe v.1, which apparently shows the same formal development as springe n. Prefixed forms in Old English. In Old English the (rare) prefixed form gesprengan to sprinkle (liquid) (compare y- prefix) is also attested; compare also asprengan to cause to spring, to send (a person) flying (compare a- prefix1), besprengan bespreng v., geondsprengan to scatter over or through, sprinkle (compare yond prep.).
Obsolete.
In later use only in the past tense or as past participle in the form sprent. Cf. also sprent adj.
1.
a. transitive. To sprinkle (water, blood, or other liquid). literary or poetic in later use.In quot. OE intransitive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of sprinkling > sprinkle liquid or something with liquid [verb (transitive)] > sprinkle liquid
sprengeOE
springa1387
berainc1420
twirl1763
sprint1855
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (transitive)] > sprinkle
warpc1000
sprengeOE
strenkc1175
springa1387
bespring1387
sprinkc1390
sprinklea1400
strinklec1400
springle?a1425
sprinkle?a1425
sprainc1440
bespreng1496
oversprinkle?1548
overstrew1570
besprent1573
insperse1587
insperge1599
asperse1607
besprink1609
disparple?1615
spark1637
swiggle1683
twirl1763
sparkle1787
bespatter1813
spray1829
OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Lev. (Claud.) iv. 17 Nime se sacerd his blod, & dyppe his finger þæron & sprenge [L. tincto digito aspergens] seofon syðon on þæt wahrift.
lOE Laws: Ordal (Rochester) iv. §1. 386 Sprænge se mæssepreost haligwæter ofer hig ealle.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. lxiii. 3 Sprengd [L. aspersus] is the blod of hem vp on my clothis.
c1410 (c1350) Gamelyn (Harl. 7334) l. 503 Gamelyn sprengeþ holywater wiþ an oken spire.
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. l. 3668 For she sawe blood spreint so cruelly On hir lordis dredful garnement.
a1550 in R. Dyboski Songs, Carols & Other Misc. Poems (1908) 69 The blode..Was sprente on þe people.
1591 R. Wilmot Tancred & Gismund v. i. sig. G3 The bloud..Sprent on his corps, and on his paled face.
1655 R. Fanshawe tr. L. de Camoens Lusiad i. xli. 9 The pow'rful Father..over All his holy Nectar sprent.
1839 G. Beddow Miracles in Egypt 48 Israel's Elders came, And with the hyssop branch had duly sprent The blood of lambs around the humble frame.
1883 G. Barlow Actor's Reminisc. 44 His sacred blood (Too sacred for this fatuous sort of thing!) Was sprent upon it.
1906 O. F. Adams Sicut Patribus 45 They dashed their heads 'gainst the pillars till blood was sprent over the space.
b. transitive. To scatter; to distribute randomly or irregularly; to disperse; to spread abroad. Frequently in passive. Also intransitive in early use. literary or poetic in later use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (transitive)] > scatter broadcast
shedc1000
sprengeOE
discatterc1330
shatterc1330
sowa1387
spilla1400
shadec1425
sparklec1440
scatter?c1450
distribute?c1510
sparse?1550
to cast seed1577
bescatter1859
to sow, scatter, throw, etc. broadcast1874
OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xxv. 24 Þu ripst þær ðu ne seowe & gaderast þær ðu ne sprengdest [L. sparsisti].
c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 49 Witeð to soðe þet eauer se þes wittes beoð mare isprengde [a1250 Nero ispreinde] utward se ha leasse wendeð inward.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 2542 Misbileue in to al þis lond among men was ysprengd.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Eccles. iii. 5 Time of sprenging abrod stones, and time of gadering togidere.
c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1311 A fewe fraknes in his face yspreynd.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Matt. x. 14 Who euere resseyueth not ȝou, nethir herith ȝoure wordis, go ȝe fro that hous or citee, and sprenge of [E.V. c1384 Douce 369(2) smytith awey; L. excutite] the dust of ȝoure feet.
a1500 Agnus Castus (Laud) (1950) 199 (MED) Þe seed of þis herbe..made in-to pouder and y-spreynged in-to eny wounde, hit schal hele hure.
1646 H. More Democritus Platonissans 13 What then shall hinder but a roscid aire With gentle heat each where be 'sperst and sprent.
1834 Ld. Houghton Mem. Many Scenes (1844) 30 The diligent flock Tracks out the scant grass that is sprent on the rock.
1855 R. C. Singleton tr. Virgil Aeneid iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. I. 316 Snowy Paros, and, sprent o'er the main, The Cyclades.
1902 J. Payne Poet. Wks. I. 89 The strange baleful scent That from the herbs was sprent.
c. transitive. In passive. Of a person: to be brought into being. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > in other specific ways
sprengec1300
weavec1420
unwomb1594
coagulate1633
texture1694
to strike out1720
to strike out1735
transcreatea1834
peel1885
c1300 St. Michael (Laud) l. 700 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 319 A swyþe foul þing is þat sed of ȝwan Man is i-spreind [Harl. that man is mid i-sprenged].
d. transitive. To mix together; to blend.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being mixed or blended > mix or blend [verb (transitive)]
mingeOE
blandOE
mongle?c1225
meddlec1350
sprengea1382
compoundc1384
intermeddlec1384
temperc1386
mell1387
found?c1390
joinc1400
intermell1413
commix?a1425
medley?a1425
mix?a1425
amenge?c1450
immix?a1475
immixt?a1475
minglea1475
tremp1480
commixt1481
incarry1486
mixtionc1500
mixta1513
demelle1516
confect1540
intermixt1551
intermingle1555
bemix1559
intermix1562
contemper1567
blenge1570
bemingle1574
contemperate1590
masha1591
commeddle1604
immingle1606
blenda1616
intemper1627
commingle1648
conferment1651
subigate1657
to mix up1672
mould1701
meine1736
caudle1795
combine1799
interblenda1849
inmix1892
meld1936
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Jer. vii. 18 Wymmen sprenge togidere talwȝ [L. conspergunt adipem], þat þei make swete cakis to þe qween of heuene.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Num. xxix. 14 Ȝe schulen offre thre tenthe partis of flour spreynt togidere [L. conspersae] with oile bi ech calf.
2.
a. transitive. Chiefly with with. To sprinkle (a person or thing) with water, blood, or other liquid. Also figurative. literary or poetic in later use.intransitive in quot. c1380.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of sprinkling > sprinkle liquid or something with liquid [verb (transitive)] > sprinkle something with liquid > a person or thing
sprengeOE
springa1325
OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Exod. (Claud.) xxix. 21 Þonne ðu nimst of ðam blode.., & of ðam smyringcele, þu sprængst [L. asperges] Aaron & his reaf.
a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 83 (MED) Spræng me mid tare ysope of ðare holi rode.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 16 Hwen ne ȝe beoð al greiðe. sprenget ou mid haliwater.
c1300 St. Patrick's Purgatory (Laud) 94 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 202 Þe prior spreinde [a1350 Ashm. sprende] him with holi water.
c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) l. 8 Þou sprengest [c1400 Trin. Dublin sprenged] me, Lord, wyþ þy mercy.
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 3291 Þer-wiþ sche mellede vynegre anon..þar þat fyr was setled on þe walle oueral þer-with sche spreynte.
1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) xvii. vii. sig. Sv A grete company of angels..took water whiche was broughte by an angel..and sprente alle the shyp.
1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) ix. vi. sig. yvv/1 By nyghte he [sc. somer] bredyth dewe..and sprengyth therwyth grasse & herbes.
1578 T. Proctor Gorgious Gallery sig. Diiii For fate..My youthly yeares with teares hath sprent.
1591 E. Spenser Muiopotmos in Complaints sig. V3 Ne may thee helpe the manie hartie vow, Which thy olde Sire with sacred pietie Hath powred forth for thee, and th'altars sprent.
a1824 E. Cobbold Poems (1825) 41 Down the cavern steep She rush'd, and dashing 'gainst its rugged sides Sprent its dark cliffs with gore.
1906 C. M. Doughty Dawn in Brit. II. 51 Gauls..Slew Pythius' priests; and sprent his marble floor, With purple blood.
b. transitive. figurative. To cleanse or purify (the heart) as if by washing. Cf. sprinkle v.2 3.In translations of Hebrews 10:22.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > wash [verb (transitive)] > wash by sprinkling
sprengec1384
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Heb. x. 22 We spreynt [a1425 Christ Church Oxf. sprengd; L. aspersi] the hertis fro yuel conscience,..holde the confessioun of oure hope. [a1425 L.V. Be oure hertis spreined fro an yuel conscience.]
c1400 Prose Versions New Test.: Hebr. (Selwyn) (1904) x. 22 (MED) Come we to hym wiþ a trewe herte in fulnesse of bylefe, & sprenge we oure hertes from an efel conscyence.
a1425 (a1400) Northern Pauline Epist. (1916) Heb. x. 22 (MED) Neghe wee with a verrey herte in þe fulnesse of þe feith, wee, sprengd þe hertys fro þe euyl conscyence.
3. transitive (in passive). to be sprent with.In later use passing into adjective: see sprent adj.
a. To be speckled or spotted with (a particular colour or colours); to be covered with (spots). Cf. sprent adj. 3a.
ΚΠ
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. xxx. 39 Þe schepe shulden..bern spotty & speckyd and spreynd [L. respersa] with dyuerse colour .
1552 in Surrey Archæol. Coll. (1869) 4 88 A vestment of blewe velvyt with a crosse of redde velvyt sprenged with gold.
?1562 Thersytes sig. D.iiv The spere of spanysshe spylbery sprente wt spiteful spottes.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. xii. sig. Aa5 Other where the snowy substaunce [was] sprent With vermell.
b. figurative. To be strewn with, full of, or covered with. Cf. sprent adj. 2.In quot. c1475 with reference to speaking words intended to please.
ΚΠ
?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) ii. pr. iv. l. 1102 Þe swetnesse of mannes welefulnesse is yspranid [read yspraind; L. respersa] wiþ many [emended in ed. to manye] bitternesses.
c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Order of Fools (Laud) in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 450 Tonge spreynt with sugre, þe galle kept secre.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iv. i. 43 Quhar that our hous with broderis deid wes sprent.
c. To be sprinkled or spattered with (blood, tears, etc.). Cf. sprent adj. 1b.
ΚΠ
c1430 N. Love Mirror Blessed Life (Brasenose e.9) (1908) 265 The crosse of oure lorde, that was than spreyned with his preciouse..blood.
1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) vi. 25 The gentyl mayde..ful sprenct wyth grete teerys.
a1554 J. Croke tr. Thirteen Psalms (1844) vi. 6 My bed with tears is over sprent.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. ii. sig. B5v Streames of bloud did rayle Adowne,..That all the ground with purple bloud was sprent . View more context for this quotation
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. iv. 149 Being spreint with his bloud thus slaine.
a1618 J. Sylvester tr. G. Fracastoro Maidens Blush (1620) sig. B7v Hee teares his hoary haire, With Ashes sprent.
1762 J. Scott Hymn to Repentance 7 Oh come with Ashes sprent, in Sackcloth drest, And wring thy piteous hands.
1778 J. Bampfylde Sixteen Sonnets 1 Pale Winter lights the social fire, And meads with slime are sprent and ways with mire.

Derivatives

sprenged adj. (of flour or meal) mixed into a dough; cf. sense 1d.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of sprinkling > [adjective] > about
sprengeda1382
dabbled1605
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > [adjective] > sprinkled
snewed1300
sprengeda1382
strinkledc1440
sprinkled1557
spattered1647
insprinkled1671
insperged1683
shaken1725
spluttery1866
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Exod. xii. 34 Þanne þe puple tok sprengid melu [a1425 L.V. meele spreynd to gidere; L. conspersam farinam] er it were sourid.
sprenging n. sprinkling. [After post-classical Latin conspersio and aspersio , both in sense ‘act of sprinkling’ (see conspersion n. and aspersion n.).]
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of sprinkling > [noun]
sprengingOE
springinga1382
sprinklingc1400
arrousement1483
sprinkle1575
sparging1836
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > [noun] > scattering in small particles or sprinkling
sprengingOE
sprengea1350
springinga1382
bespringing1398
sprinklingc1400
sprainture1481
springling?1549
inspersion1568
conspersionc1572
sprinkle1575
respersion1635
spargefaction1704
spargefication1834
sprayinga1884
OE Regularis Concordia (Tiber.) (1993) xxiii. 38 Mox accedant ad consecrationem conspersionis : sona genealæcean to halgunge sprengincge.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Num. xix. 9 Þei been to þe multitude..into water of sprengynge [L. in aquam aspersionis].
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Royal) (1850) 1 Pet. i. 2 In to halewinge of the spirit, in to obedience, and sprengynge [L. aspersionem] of the blood of Jhesu Crist, grace and pees to ȝou be multiplied.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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n.a1350v.OE
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