Sprengeln.

Brit.

/ˈʃprɛŋ(ə)l/, U.S.

/ˈʃprɛŋəl/

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Sprengel.

Etymology: < the name of Hermann Johannes Philip Sprengel (1834–1906), German-born British chemist, who developed a vacuum pump in 1865 and an apparatus for measuring specific gravity in 1873.

Now historical.

I. Compounds.

a. Sprengel pump n. a type of vacuum pump which removes air or gas by trapping it in bubbles between short columns of mercury falling down a narrow vertical tube.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > equipment or apparatus > [noun] > miscellaneous apparatus

bain1477

speculum1650

filtering paper1651

wheel-fire1662

filter paper1670

sun furnace1763

respirator1789

candle-ball1794

rectifier1822

candle-bomb1823

filter1823

oxyhydrogen blowpipe1823

shade1837

graduator1839

pipette1839

thistle funnel1849

pressure tube1852

ozonizer1858

dialyser1861

Liebig condenser1861

Sprengel pump1866

Sprengel tube1866

water softener1867

mercury pump1869

Bunsen burner1870

dialysator1877

test-mixer1877

tube-condenser1877

Kipp1879

reflux condenser1880

policeman1888

converter1889

pressure boiler1891

spot plate1896

hydrogen electrode1898

sampler1902

reactor1903

fume-chamber1905

Permutit1910

microburner1911

salt bridge1915

precipitator1919

Raschig ring1920

microneedle1921

titrator1928

laboratory coatc1936

spray tower1937

precipitron1938

ion exchanger1941

potentiostat1942

chemostat1950

Knudsen pipette1951

pH-stat1956

cryopump1958

1866 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 156 409 A stout caoutchouc tube..was exhausted, one end being closed and the other end connected with the Sprengel pump.

1932 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 135 514 A continuously operating Sprengel pump..removed the gas from that part of the apparatus..and delivered it, without loss, into the Töpler pump.

1962 Encycl. Dict. Physics V. 715/1 The Sprengel pump was used extensively in the early days of vacuum experimentation. It is now obsolete, because its rate of working is very low and the ultimate vacuum reached only of the order of 10^—5 mm mercury.

1984 M. H. Hablanian in Jrnl. Vacuum Sci. & Technol. 2A 120/1 The evacuation [of Edison's first incandescent lamps] was started with a Geissler pump and finished by a Sprengel pump.

2016 Philos. & Technol. 29 106 Gimingham used a modified Sprengel pump of his own design to obtain a vacuum of 10⁻⁸ atmospheres in 1884.

b. attributive in other compounds, and in the genitive, designating the same apparatus.

ΚΠ

1868 Chem. News 7 Feb. 73/2 Could any one give me information about the dimensions for a Sprengel air pump, and the quantity of mercury required. I wish to use it for exhausting vacuum tubes for a 4-inch spark induction coil.

1895 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 186 201 A gauge attached to the Sprengel's pump, connected with the apparatus, showed when a vacuum had been reached.

1906 Chem. News 19 Jan. 28/2 It is by the well-known Sprengel mercury pump that his name will be best remembered.

1923 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 104 p. xxi A simple form of Sprengel Vacuum pump in which the supply of mercury is kept up by distillation.

1939 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 24 June 1288/2 The apparatus..consists of a Sprengel's pump, which can be fitted to almost any tap, a 6-ft. length of tubing, and a milk-collecting bottle.

a1964 in Biogr. Mem. Fellows Royal Soc. (1965) 11 188 During my last year in the sixth form, I made a Sprengel's air pump and tried to make a small carbon filament electric light bulb.

2. Sprengel tube n. (also Sprengel's tube) †(a) the vertical tube forming part of a Sprengel pump (obsolete); (b) a glass U-tube that narrows to a capillary at each end, used to determine the specific gravity of a liquid by comparing its weight when filled with the liquid and with water at the same temperature.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > equipment or apparatus > [noun] > miscellaneous apparatus

bain1477

speculum1650

filtering paper1651

wheel-fire1662

filter paper1670

sun furnace1763

respirator1789

candle-ball1794

rectifier1822

candle-bomb1823

filter1823

oxyhydrogen blowpipe1823

shade1837

graduator1839

pipette1839

thistle funnel1849

pressure tube1852

ozonizer1858

dialyser1861

Liebig condenser1861

Sprengel pump1866

Sprengel tube1866

water softener1867

mercury pump1869

Bunsen burner1870

dialysator1877

test-mixer1877

tube-condenser1877

Kipp1879

reflux condenser1880

policeman1888

converter1889

pressure boiler1891

spot plate1896

hydrogen electrode1898

sampler1902

reactor1903

fume-chamber1905

Permutit1910

microburner1911

salt bridge1915

precipitator1919

Raschig ring1920

microneedle1921

titrator1928

laboratory coatc1936

spray tower1937

precipitron1938

ion exchanger1941

potentiostat1942

chemostat1950

Knudsen pipette1951

pH-stat1956

cryopump1958

1866 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 156 409 The bag was pressed flat by the hands, and still further exhausted by means of Sprengel's tube. After all the contents of the bag were extracted and the collapse complete, the Sprengel tube began again to throw out air in a slow but exceedingly regular manner.

1879 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 36 197 The use of Sprengel's tube..has given much better results [than a specific gravity bottle].

1890 Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1889 232 The density of ice and of water at various temperatures may then be determined, a Sprengel tube—which is easily made—being used for warm water.

1934 Analyst 59 172 The under-surface of the arms of the Sprengel tube is made of white enamel glass.

2010 P. Atkins Liquid Materialities (2016) iii. 65 The physics of specific gravity had also developed further, with more accurate methods of weighment using either a gravity bottle of known weight and precise capacity, or a Sprengel tube, which was filled with milk and weighed.

†II. Simple uses.

3. A Sprengel pump (see sense 1a). Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1869 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 22 310 The stopcock is gently opened so as to permit the gas to pass into the Sprengel.

1883 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 31/1 One [improvement]..is to pass the mercury, before it enters the ‘falling’ tube, through a bulb in which a good vacuum is maintained, by means of an ordinary air-pump or a second ‘Sprengel’.

1925 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 109 191 In order to guard against any contamination by air carried mechanically by the mercury supplied to the Sprengel, this mercury was sprayed into the bulb b, which was exhausted to the highest point by the Toepler pump.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	sprengel
释义	Sprengeln. Brit. /ˈʃprɛŋ(ə)l/, U.S. /ˈʃprɛŋəl/ Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Sprengel. Etymology: < the name of Hermann Johannes Philip Sprengel (1834–1906), German-born British chemist, who developed a vacuum pump in 1865 and an apparatus for measuring specific gravity in 1873. Now historical. I. Compounds. 1. a. Sprengel pump n. a type of vacuum pump which removes air or gas by trapping it in bubbles between short columns of mercury falling down a narrow vertical tube. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > equipment or apparatus > [noun] > miscellaneous apparatus bain1477 speculum1650 filtering paper1651 wheel-fire1662 filter paper1670 sun furnace1763 respirator1789 candle-ball1794 rectifier1822 candle-bomb1823 filter1823 oxyhydrogen blowpipe1823 shade1837 graduator1839 pipette1839 thistle funnel1849 pressure tube1852 ozonizer1858 dialyser1861 Liebig condenser1861 Sprengel pump1866 Sprengel tube1866 water softener1867 mercury pump1869 Bunsen burner1870 dialysator1877 test-mixer1877 tube-condenser1877 Kipp1879 reflux condenser1880 policeman1888 converter1889 pressure boiler1891 spot plate1896 hydrogen electrode1898 sampler1902 reactor1903 fume-chamber1905 Permutit1910 microburner1911 salt bridge1915 precipitator1919 Raschig ring1920 microneedle1921 titrator1928 laboratory coatc1936 spray tower1937 precipitron1938 ion exchanger1941 potentiostat1942 chemostat1950 Knudsen pipette1951 pH-stat1956 cryopump1958 1866 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 156 409 A stout caoutchouc tube..was exhausted, one end being closed and the other end connected with the Sprengel pump. 1932 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 135 514 A continuously operating Sprengel pump..removed the gas from that part of the apparatus..and delivered it, without loss, into the Töpler pump. 1962 Encycl. Dict. Physics V. 715/1 The Sprengel pump was used extensively in the early days of vacuum experimentation. It is now obsolete, because its rate of working is very low and the ultimate vacuum reached only of the order of 10^—5 mm mercury. 1984 M. H. Hablanian in Jrnl. Vacuum Sci. & Technol. 2A 120/1 The evacuation [of Edison's first incandescent lamps] was started with a Geissler pump and finished by a Sprengel pump. 2016 Philos. & Technol. 29 106 Gimingham used a modified Sprengel pump of his own design to obtain a vacuum of 10⁻⁸ atmospheres in 1884. b. attributive in other compounds, and in the genitive, designating the same apparatus. ΚΠ 1868 Chem. News 7 Feb. 73/2 Could any one give me information about the dimensions for a Sprengel air pump, and the quantity of mercury required. I wish to use it for exhausting vacuum tubes for a 4-inch spark induction coil. 1895 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 186 201 A gauge attached to the Sprengel's pump, connected with the apparatus, showed when a vacuum had been reached. 1906 Chem. News 19 Jan. 28/2 It is by the well-known Sprengel mercury pump that his name will be best remembered. 1923 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 104 p. xxi A simple form of Sprengel Vacuum pump in which the supply of mercury is kept up by distillation. 1939 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 24 June 1288/2 The apparatus..consists of a Sprengel's pump, which can be fitted to almost any tap, a 6-ft. length of tubing, and a milk-collecting bottle. a1964 in Biogr. Mem. Fellows Royal Soc. (1965) 11 188 During my last year in the sixth form, I made a Sprengel's air pump and tried to make a small carbon filament electric light bulb. 2. Sprengel tube n. (also Sprengel's tube) †(a) the vertical tube forming part of a Sprengel pump (obsolete); (b) a glass U-tube that narrows to a capillary at each end, used to determine the specific gravity of a liquid by comparing its weight when filled with the liquid and with water at the same temperature. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > equipment or apparatus > [noun] > miscellaneous apparatus bain1477 speculum1650 filtering paper1651 wheel-fire1662 filter paper1670 sun furnace1763 respirator1789 candle-ball1794 rectifier1822 candle-bomb1823 filter1823 oxyhydrogen blowpipe1823 shade1837 graduator1839 pipette1839 thistle funnel1849 pressure tube1852 ozonizer1858 dialyser1861 Liebig condenser1861 Sprengel pump1866 Sprengel tube1866 water softener1867 mercury pump1869 Bunsen burner1870 dialysator1877 test-mixer1877 tube-condenser1877 Kipp1879 reflux condenser1880 policeman1888 converter1889 pressure boiler1891 spot plate1896 hydrogen electrode1898 sampler1902 reactor1903 fume-chamber1905 Permutit1910 microburner1911 salt bridge1915 precipitator1919 Raschig ring1920 microneedle1921 titrator1928 laboratory coatc1936 spray tower1937 precipitron1938 ion exchanger1941 potentiostat1942 chemostat1950 Knudsen pipette1951 pH-stat1956 cryopump1958 1866 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 156 409 The bag was pressed flat by the hands, and still further exhausted by means of Sprengel's tube. After all the contents of the bag were extracted and the collapse complete, the Sprengel tube began again to throw out air in a slow but exceedingly regular manner. 1879 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 36 197 The use of Sprengel's tube..has given much better results [than a specific gravity bottle]. 1890 Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1889 232 The density of ice and of water at various temperatures may then be determined, a Sprengel tube—which is easily made—being used for warm water. 1934 Analyst 59 172 The under-surface of the arms of the Sprengel tube is made of white enamel glass. 2010 P. Atkins Liquid Materialities (2016) iii. 65 The physics of specific gravity had also developed further, with more accurate methods of weighment using either a gravity bottle of known weight and precise capacity, or a Sprengel tube, which was filled with milk and weighed. †II. Simple uses. 3. A Sprengel pump (see sense 1a). Obsolete. ΚΠ 1869 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 22 310 The stopcock is gently opened so as to permit the gas to pass into the Sprengel. 1883 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 31/1 One [improvement]..is to pass the mercury, before it enters the ‘falling’ tube, through a bulb in which a good vacuum is maintained, by means of an ordinary air-pump or a second ‘Sprengel’. 1925 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 109 191 In order to guard against any contamination by air carried mechanically by the mercury supplied to the Sprengel, this mercury was sprayed into the bulb b, which was exhausted to the highest point by the Toepler pump. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1866
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